Method of using optically-activated particles in cosmetic preparations

Abstract

Optically-activated fixed particles for use in cosmetic, toiletries,-or pharmaceutical preparations. The optically-activated fixed particles include a plurality of substrate particles and a fluorescent compound fixed to each of the plurality of substrate particles to form integral units in the form of optically-activated fixed particles for reducing the visual perception of skin imperfections, including cellulite, shadows, skin discolorations, wrinkles, and mild scars. Each of the optically-activated fixed particles are optionally encapsulated with a transparent or translucent coating. The unencapsulated and encapsulated optically-activated fixed particles are able to absorb visible light at certain wavelengths and emit visible light at longer wavelengths; and are able to both absorb and scatter light in a diffuse manner in order to reduce the visual perception of skin imperfections, including cellulite, wrinkles, shadows, skin discolorations, blotchiness, and mild scars, when the optically-activated fixed particles are applied to the skin surface.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0002] The present invention relates to optically-activated fixed particles for use in cosmetic preparations to reduce the visual perception of skin imperfections. More particularly, these optically-activated fixed particles diffuse ambient light and emit visible light to reduce the visual perception of imperfections including, but not limited to, cellulite, wrinkles, discoloration by veins and arteries, shadows, blotchiness, pores, and follicles. Additionally, these optically-activated fixed particles reduce the perception of wrinkles around the eyes and mouth, or mild discolorations such as mild scars and blotchiness of the skin in the face area, and can be used in an encapsulated or non-encapsulated form in the formation of various cosmetic preparations selected from the group consisting of skin lotions, creams, shampoos, body and skin rinses, bath gels, soaps, hair conditioners, color conditioners and rinses, hair color solutions, foundation liquids and powders (compressed or loose), tooth pastes and oral rinses, and color cosmetics and skin treatment products.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0003] Natural-looking skin is influenced by a number of physiological and genetic factors. Standard definitions of beautiful skin include skin having a transparent quality with uniform undertones of color (i.e. rosy red cheeks). The basis for this natural-looking appearance is in the skin structure itself. The outer layer of human skin is a semi-transparent layer known as the stratum corneum. The transparency of the stratum corneum permits glimpses of the deeper layers of skin, where blood vessels and pigments reside; the reddish hue of the blood vessels' hemoglobin, and the brown/black hue of melanin, the primary skin pigment, combine to produce (what we view as) the skin's color. Of course, in addition to ideal skin having the transparent look with a uniform color distribution, it should also be smooth and even, with no apparent surface flaws. Only a few individuals can ever hope to meet such a standard without some outside assistance. Thus, a wide variety of cosmetics exist to help out where nature has failed.

[0004] Although makeup is worn on facial skin, it has not mimicked the actual appearance of natural skin beauty. Currently, the trend for cosmetic preparations have been to more natural-looking make-ups. In particular, one of the long-sought goals has been the development of a foundation that does not give the user a “made-up” look. In reality, however, it is difficult to accomplish the goal of achieving coverage of flaws and unevenness of skin tone, while still maintaining the vibrant look of clean bare skin. This is primarily because those components of makeups which provide the desired color and coverage, such as the titanium or iron oxide pigments, are largely opaque, and therefore obscure that sought-after vibrant transparency. Although in recent years, transparent pigments have become available, the coverage needed to mask flaws in the surface of the skin is frequently lacking.

[0005] There remains a need for cosmetic preparations that convey the perception that the user's skin has fewer wrinkles and cellulite and fewer imperfections, generating even tone, obscuring discolorations to the skin and/or reducing skin blotchiness through the use of optically-activated fixed particles. These optically-activated fixed particles will allow for the emission and reflection of light and may increase the diffusion of light to accomplish the foregoing.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART

[0006] The use of optical brightener compounds have been disclosed in the prior art. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,032,263 to GRAY discloses a bleaching and brightening detergent composition. This water soluble laundry detergent includes an organic anionic detergent, nonionic detergent or mixture thereof, a builder salt, preferably including a silicate, a peroxymonosulfate bleaching agent, a bromide promoter for the beaching agent and one or more optical brighteners which are stable in the presence of the bleach and the promoter. This prior art patent does not teach or disclose the structure, configuration or composition of the optically-activated fixed particles for use in cosmetic preparations as disclosed in the present invention.

[0007] U.S. Pat. No. 4,752,496 to FELLOWS et al discloses a method of applying cosmetics to a substrate and article. The cosmetics, which are normally dry, are combined with a liquid carrier and film forming agent an deposited onto a substrate. The film forming agent acts to micro encapsulate the cosmetic and lighting bond the cosmetic to the substrate. When the film forming agent dries, it protects the cosmetic. Thus, the cosmetic can be applied to a substrate and covered with a paperboard sheet. This prior art patent does not teach or disclose the structure, configuration or composition of the optically-activated fixed particles for use in cosmetic preparations as disclosed in the present invention.

[0008] U.S. Pat. No. 6,117,435 to PAINTER et al discloses natural look cosmetic compositions. This topical application composition for use on skin includes silica beads having an inner core of silica, a middle layer of metal oxide, and an outer layer of silica; at least one interference pigment; and optionally, at least one non-interference pigment, in a cosmetically or pharmaceutically-acceptable formula. These cosmetic compositions confer a natural appearance to the user's skin, while also reducing the appearance of flaws or defects in the skin without conferring an opaque or made-up appearance. This prior art patent does not teach or disclose the structure, configuration or composition of the optically-activated fixed particles for use in cosmetic preparations as disclosed in the present invention.

[0009] None of the aforementioned prior art patents teach or disclose the use of optically-activated fixed particles for use in cosmetic preparations. Further, no prior art patents teach or disclose optically-activated fixed particles which are able to both scatter and emit light in a combined manner in order to reduce the visual perception of shadows, skin discolorations, wrinkles and cellulite when applied to the skin surface.

[0010] Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide optically-activated fixed particles for use in cosmetic preparations, wherein the optically-activated fixed particles are able to scatter light at all wavelengths as well as to absorb visible light at certain wavelengths and emit visible light at longer wavelengths (releases energy in the form of light), in order to reduce the visual appearance and perception of skin imperfections, such as shadows, skin discolorations, wrinkles and cellulite when applied to the skin surface.

[0011] Another object of the present invention is to provide optically-activated fixed particles in which the substrate (particle) may be pre-treated, for example, with a swelling agent in order to make the substrate particle wettable and/or electrostatically and/or ionically available for fixing, such that the swelling agent treatment of the particles swells the particles and they wet-out to prepare the particles for fixation to a fluorescent compound.

[0012] Another object of the present invention is to provide fixed fluorescent particles that include fluorescent compounds selected from the group consisting of, but not limited to, derivatives of stilbene, 4,4′ diaminostilbene, biphenyl, heterocycles, or any other fluorescent materials such as Tinopal 5BM, Calcofluor White RC (Stilbene 4), Calcofluor CG (Stilbene 3), and Leucophor BSB, or equivalents.

[0013] Another object of the present invention is to provide optically-activated fixed particles, having a fluorescent compound being adhered or fixed to the substrate by Van Der Waal's forces or ionic bonding or covalent bonding or hydrogen bonding, or other strong or weak physiochemical association.

[0014] Another object of the present invention is to use optically-activated fixed particles of a size that is below 50μ (microns) in cosmetic applications, wherein the preferred size of the fixed particle is in the range of 0.1 to 50μ, or preferably in the ranges of 1μ to 30μ, or 2μ to 15μ in diameter, and preferably the fixed particle is colorless and/or translucent, and non-visible to the human eye.

[0015] Another object of the present invention is to provide optically-activated fixed particles having a substrate (particle) made of materials selected from the group consisting of nylons, acrylics, polyesters or other plastic polymers, cellulose, starch, natural materials, regenerated cellulose, metals, salts, minerals or other insoluble solid materials.

[0016] Another object of the present invention is to provide optically-activated fixed particles, wherein the substrate (particle) configuration or structure may be in the form of, but not limited to, a spheroid, a cuboid, a cylindrical-shaped particle, a tetrahedroid (pyramidally-shaped), a rhomboid, a plate, or other polygonal shaped configurations; or other regularly or irregularly shaped particles; and additionally, these particles may be solid or hollow in structure.

[0017] Another object of the present invention is to provide optically-activated fixed particles that may be encapsulated with a transparent and/or translucent coating, such as, but not limited to, polyoxymethylene urea (PMU), polyoxymethylene, melamine, PVA, PVC, polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, polyvinyls, plastic polymers, organic or inorganic gels, natural or synthetic gelatins, wherein each capsule acts as an extra diffusing interface of emitted light, thereby increasing the diffusion of emitted and reflected light, or reducing the visual perception of skin imperfections, including cellulite, wrinkles, skin discolorations, and shadows when applied to the skin surface.

[0018] Another object of the present invention is to provide optically-activated fixed particles that can be used in an encapsulated or non-encapsulated form in the formation of various cosmetic preparations selected from the group consisting of skin lotions, creams, shampoos, body and skin rinses, bath gels, soaps, hair conditioners, color conditioners and rinses, hair color cosmetics, color solutions, foundation liquids and powders (compressed or loose), tooth pastes and oral rinses and skin treatment products.

[0019] Another object of the present invention is to provide optically-activated fixed particles that when used in cosmetic preparations reduce the visual perception of wrinkles (for example, around the eyes and mouth, areas of the arms, under the jaw), cellulite, or mild skin discolorations due to mild scars or varicose veins, and blotchiness of the skin as in the face area.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0020] In accordance with the present invention, there is provided optically-activated fixed particles for use in cosmetic preparations to reduce the visual perception of skin imperfections. The optically-activated fixed particles include a plurality of substrate particles selected from the group consisting of nylons, acrylics, polyesters, other plastic polymers, cellulose, starch, natural materials, regenerated cellulose, metals, salts, and minerals or other insoluble solid materials; a fluorescent compound fixed to each of the plurality of substrate particles to form integral units in the form of optically-activated fixed particles for diffusing and emitting light to reduce the visual perception of cellulite, shadows, skin discolorations and wrinkles; and each of the optically-activated fixed particles may be additionally, but need not be, encapsulated with a transparent or translucent coating. The unencapsulted and encapsulated optically-activated fixed particles are able to absorb electromagnetic radiation and emit light in order to reduce the visual perception of skin imperfections, including shadows, cellulite, wrinkles, and skin discolorations, when the optically-activated fixed particles are applied to the skin surface. The unencapsulated and encapsulated optically-activated fixed particles are used in the making of cosmetic preparations such as skin lotions, creams, shampoos, body and skin rinses, bath gels, soaps, color cosmetics, hair conditioners, color conditioners and rinses, hair color solutions, foundation liquids and powders (compressed or loose), tooth pastes, oral rinses, and skin treatment products.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Further objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become apparent upon the consideration of the following detailed description of the presently-preferred embodiment when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0022] FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the chemical process of converting a nylon spheroid particle to an encapsulated optically-activated fixed particle with several intervening processing steps;

[0023] FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of the optically-activated fixed particle of one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention showing the fluorescent compound fixed to the nylon spheroid particle;

[0024] FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of the optically-activated fixed particle of one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention showing the optically-activated fixed particle encapsulated;

[0025] FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional view of the optically-activated fixed particle of the present invention showing the optically-activated fixed particle within a crease of a user 's outer skin layer in which the optically-activated fixed particle is diffusing and emitting light to decrease the shadow effect and/or a skin imperfection;

[0026] FIG. 5 is an enlarged sectional view of the optically-activated fixed particle of the present invention showing the encapsulated optically-activated fixed particle within a crease of a user's outer skin layer in which the encapsulated optically-activated fixed particle is diffusing and emitting light to decrease the shadow effect of the skin imperfection; and

[0027] FIG. 6 is an enlarged view showing a schematic of how the image of the skin imperfection and/or discoloration is diffused and brightened by the optically-activated fixed particle and is therefore not perceived by the viewer.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ONE OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0028] The optically-activated fixed particles 10 for use in cosmetic preparations of the preferred embodiment of the present invention are represented in detail by FIGS. 1 through 6 of the drawings. These optically-activated fixed particles 10 allow for the emission and diffusion of light 40, 41 for the purpose of reducing the visual perception of cellulite, wrinkles, shadows, skin discolorations by veins and arteries, and the obscuring of particular visual imperfections of the skin support surface 14. Further, these optically-activated fixed particles reduce the perception of wrinkles 16 round the eyes and mouth, areas of cellulite, mild discolorations on the skin, such as minor scars or abrasions and blotchiness of the skin, such as occurs in, but not limited to, the face area.

[0029] This optically-activated fixed particle 10 and the encapsulated optically fixed particle 12 are created in a chemical process 20, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 of the drawings, under heat and/or temperature, and time (t), using a fluorescent compound 22 on a substrate particle 24. The fluorescent compound 22 is fixed to the substrate 24 (i.e., a nylon spheroid particle) by covalent and/or ionic bonding and/or Van der Waals forces and/or hydrogen bonding and/or another strong or weak physio-chemical association such that the fluorescent compound 22 is fixed to the substrate 24 and becomes part of the finished optically-activated fixed particle 10. When using a spheroid as the substrate particle 24, the finished optically-activated fixed particle 10 diffuses light 40, 41 in a radially extending pattern, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 of the drawings. The fluorescent compound 22 is fixed to the substrate 24 and a fixed particle 10 is created. The fluorescent compound 22 is difficult to separate or remove from the optically-activated fixed particles 10 that are created. The optically-activated fixed particle 10 may be encapsulated with a transparent or translucent coating 30, such as for example a polyoxymethylene urea (PMU). Thus, the optically-activated fixed particles 10 reduce the visual perception of cellulite, wrinkles, discoloration and shadows when applied the to skin surface 14, as depicted in FIGS. 4 to 6 of the drawings.

[0030] The chemical process 20 for making the optically-activated fixed particles 10, as shown in FIG. 1 of the drawings, may include the following examples:

EXAMPLE 1

[0031] Propylene glycol (875 g) and PEG 200 (125 g) were added to a 3-L round bottom flask equipped with an overhead stirrer, condenser and heating mantle. Nylon-12 powder was added slowly over 15 min. The mixture was stirred for an additional 15 min, Leucophor BSB solution (Clariant, 50 g) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 10 min. Distilled water (950 g) was added and the mixture was then slowly heated to 90° C. with a ramp rate of 1-2° C./min. The temperature was held at 90° C. for 30 min., then allowed to cool to room temperature. The mixture was filtered in a Buchner funnel and the white powder was washed with four 1200 mL portions of distilled water and air dried to yield a wet powder which was then dried in an oven at 75° C. for 15 hr to yield a dry white fluorescent powder. Spectrophotometric analysis of the wash solutions indicated that the product contained 0.3% fluorescent compound.

EXAMPLE 2

The procedure from Example 1 was repeated except the reaction temperature was raised to 100° C. Analysis indicated that the product contained 0.4% fluorescent compound.

EXAMPLE 3

The procedure from Example 2 was repeated except nylon-6 powder was used instead of nylon-12 powder. Analysis indicated that the product contained 0.5% fluorescent compound.

EXAMPLE 4

[0032] The procedure from example 2 was repeated except ethylene glycol (1000 g) was substituted for the propylene glycol and PEG 200 mixture and no water was added. Analysis indicated that the product contained 0.4% fluorescent compound.

EXAMPLE 5

[0033] The procedure from example 2 was repeated except butylene glycol (1000 g) was substituted for the propylene glycol and PEG 200 mixture and no water was added. Analysis indicated that the product contained 0.4% fluorescent compound.

EXAMPLE 6

[0034] The procedure from Example 2 was repeated except microcrystalline cellulose powder was used instead of nylon-12 powder. Analysis indicated that the product contained 0.3% fluorescent compound.

EXAMPLE 7

[0035] Isopropanol (150 g) was added to a 1-L round bottom flask equipped with an overhead stirrer, condenser and heating mantle. Nylon-12 powder was added slowly over 15 min and the mixture was stirred for an additional 15 min. The mixture was filtered in a Buchner funnel and the filter cake containing approximately 80 g of isopropanol and the nylon powder was placed back in the reaction flask. Distilled water (312 g) and Leucophor BSB solution (Clariant, 8 g) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 10 min. The mixture was heated to 88° C. for 30 min., then allowed to cool to room temperature. The mixture was filtered in a Buchner funnel and the white powder was washed with four 200 mL portions of distilled water and air dried to yield a wet powder which was then dried in an oven at 75° C. for 15 hr to yield a dry white fluorescent powder. Spectrophotometric analysis of the wash solutions indicated that the product contained 0.3% fluorescent compound.

EXAMPLE 8

[0036] The fluorescent powder of from Example 1 was encapsulated as follows. A pre-polymer mixture was prepared by mixing 37% formalin (108.1 g), urea (40 g) and triethanolamine (1.2 g) and heating to 70-75° C. for 2.5 hours. De-ionized water (331.9 g), sodium chloride (48.6 g) and the pre-polymer mixture was then added to a 1000 mL glass beaker equipped with an immersion homogenizer. The mixture was held at 25° C. using a cooling bath and homogenization was begun. The fluorescent powder from Example 1 was then added and the homogenization continued until the powder was dispersed. The pH was then adjusted to 5.0 with aqueous HCl and the homogenization continued for 15 min. The pH was then adjusted to 3.6 for 60 min, 3.0 for 60 min, and 2.2 for 30 min. The mixture was then stirred overnight. The pH was then adjusted to 7.0 (NaOH) and the mixture heated to 60° C. for 60 min. The mixture was then filtered on a Buchner funnel, washed with water, and dried at 50-80° C. to yield a fluorescent powder.

EXAMPLE 9

[0037] A skin cream containing the optically-activated fixed particles of the invention was prepared according to the following procedure:

	PER-
SEQ	CENT	INGREDIENT	INCI NAME
1	77.15	Deionized Water	Water
1	1.00	Uniphen P-23	Phenoxyethanol (and) Methyl-
			paraben (and) Ethylparaben (and)
			Propylparaben (and) Butylparaben
1	0.35	Keltrol CG	Xanthan Gum
2	4.00	Lipovol SES	Sesame (Sesamum Indicum) Oil
2	0.50	Lipopeg 6000DS	PEG-150 Distearate
2	1.25	Lipocol C	Cetyl Alcohol
2	2.50	Liponate CG	Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride
2	0.75	Lipowax P	Cetearyl Alcohol (and)
			Polysorbate 60
2	2.50	Lipo GMS 450	Glyceryl Stearate
3	10.00	Optically Activated
		Fixed Particles

Procedure

[0038] 1. In main beaker, heat sequence #1 ingredients to 78-80° C. with high sheer propeller mixing at medium/high speed.

[0039] 2. In separate beaker, combine sequence #2 ingredients and heat to 80° C.

[0040] 4. Add combined sequences #2 to sequence #1 with medium/high speed high sheer propeller mixing. Continue mixing for 5 minutes or until emulsification is complete.

[0041] 5. Cool to 25° C.

[0042] 6. Add sequence #3 and mix until blended.

EXAMPLE 10

[0043] A skin cream was prepared as in Example 7 except Encapsulated Optically Activated Fixed Particles were used instead of Optically Activated Fixed Particles.

EXAMPLE 11

[0044] A skin cream was prepared as in Example 7 except a mixture of Encapsulated Optically-Activated Fixed Particles and Optically-Activated Fixed Particles were used instead of Optically-Activated Fixed Particles alone.

EXAMPLE 12

[0045] A skin gel containing the optically-activated fixed particles of the invention was prepared according to the following procedure:

	PER-
SEQ	CENT	INGREDIENT	INCI NAME
1	43.80	Deionized Water	Water
1	0.20	Methylparaben	Methylparaben
1	0.10	Sequestrene Na4T	Tetrasodium EDTA
2	3.00	Liponic EG-1	Glycereth-26
2	0.10	Hypan SA-100H	Acrylic Acid/Acrylonitrogens
			Copolymer
3	1.00	Deionized Water	Water
3	.50	TEA, 99%	Triethanolamine
4	15.00	Carbopol 980 (2%)	Carbomer
5	10.00	Zilgel VV	Glycerin (and) Water (and) Sodium
			Polyacrylate
6	1.00	Deionized Water	Water
6	0.30	Unicide U-13	Imidazolidinyl Urea
7	10.00	Optically-Activated
		Fixed Particles
8	1.00	Hyaluronic acid	Sodium Hyaluronate
		(1%)

Procedure

[0046] 1. Combine sequence #1 ingredients and heat to 80° C. with propeller mixing.

[0047] 2. Add premixed sequence #2 to sequence #1 holding temperature at 80° C.

[0048] 3. Add sequence #3 to batch with high speed propeller mixing. Continue mixing until Hypan has completely hydrated.

[0049] 4. Add sequence #4 to batch and mix until clear and uniform.

[0050] 5. Begin cooling batch.

[0051] 6. Add sequence #5 to batch with propeller mixing.

[0052] 7. At 35° C., add premixed sequence #6 to batch.

[0053] 8. Add sequence #7 and sequence #8 to batch with high speed mixing. Continue mixing until Liponyl OAP has completely dispersed.

[0054] 9. Cool to 25° C. and remove from mixer.

Operation of the Present Invention

[0055] The optically-activated fixed particles 10, 12 are used in cosmetic preparations to reduce the visual perception of skin imperfections, such as cellulite, shadows, wrinkles and mild skin discolorations such as mild scars, varicose veins, and blotchiness of the skin, such as, but not limited to, the face area. The uniqueness of using these optically-activated fixed particles 10, 12 within a cosmetic preparation is the emission of light 40, 41 for reducing the perception of skin imperfections and for obscuring of the skin below the particle. The particle itself is preferably, but not limited to, being colorless, transparent or translucent, and non-visible to the human eye. Thus, the human eye only sees the combination of scattered and emitted light 40, 41.

[0056] In one embodiment of the invention, when the optically-activated fixed particles 10, 12 are exposed to ambient UV light they absorb the UV light as energy, and release light 40, 41, creating a radiant release of light 40, 41, as shown in FIGS. 4 to 6 of the drawings. Thus, the fixing of the fluorescent compound to the substrate particle 24 creates a radiant emissive source of light 40,41. While not wanting to be limited by theory, it is thought that this light 40, 41 is minuscule, and may not be consciously perceived by the viewer, and is interpreted by the visual center of perception and images (the visual cortex). Thus, particles 10, 12 perform an optical function for the cosmetic product which obscures skin imperfections and reduces the visual perception of skin imperfections. The primary format of the present invention is to use the particles 10, 12 in a cosmetic vehicle.

[0057] These particles 10, 12 may be encapsulated in a transparent or translucent capsule 30, such as but not limited to polyoxymethylene urea (PMU). While not wanting to be limited by theory, it is believed that the capsule acts as a diffusion lens increasing the effective diffusion pattern of light 40, 41 which further reduces the visual perception of cellulite, wrinkles, shadows and skin discoloration regardless of the configuration of the skin surface 14. An additional purpose of fixing the fluorescent compound 22 to a substrate 24 (such as nylon spheroids) is to create particles 10, 12 which are non-reactive and inert for use in cosmetic preparations.

Advantages of the Present Invention

[0058] Accordingly, an advantage of the present invention is that it provides for optically-activated fixed particles for use in cosmetic preparations, wherein the optically-activated fixed particles are able to absorb light at one wavelength and emit and diffuse light at another wavelength (releases energy in the form of light) in order to reduce the appearance and visual perception of skin imperfections, including shadows, skin discolorations, wrinkles, and cellulite, when applied to the skin surface, as well as to obscure the skin beneath the particles.

[0059] Another advantage of the present invention is that it provides for optically-activated fixed particles in which the substrate (particle) may be pre-treated, for example, with swelling agents in order to make the substrate particle water wettable and/or available for fixation.

[0060] Another advantage of the present invention is that it provides optically-activated fixed particles that include a fluorescent compound selected from, but not limited to, the group consisting of derivatives of stilbene, 4,4′ diaminostilbene, biphenyl, heterocycles, or any other fluorescent materials such as Tinopal 5BM, calcofluor White RC (Stilbene 4), Calcofluor CG (Stilbene 3), and Leucophor BSB, or equivalents.

[0061] Another advantage of the present invention is that it provides a substrate of optically-activated fixed particles, with a fluorescent compound being fixed to the substrate by Van der Waal's forces and/or ionic bonding and/or covalent bonding and/or hydrogen bonding and/or other strong or weak physiochemical association.

[0062] Another advantage of the present invention is that it uses optically-activated fixed particles of a size that is below 50μ (microns), wherein the preferred size of the fixed particle is in the range of 0.1 to 50μ (microns) in diameter; more preferably 1 to 30μ, and most preferably 2 to 15μ. Preferably the fixed particle is colorless, transparent or translucent, and is non-visible to the human eye.

[0063] Another advantage of the present invention is that it provides optically-activated fixed particles, having a substrate (particle) made of materials selected from the group consisting of polyamides, polyacetates, polyesters or other plastic polymers, natural materials, cellulose, regenerated cellulose, starch, salts, metals, minerals or other insoluble solid matter and that act as both a substrate and scattering center.

[0064] Another advantage of the present invention is that it provides optically-activated fixed particles, wherein the substrate (particle) configuration or structure may be in the form of, but not limited to, a spheroid, a cuboid, a cylindrical-shaped particle, a tetrahedroid (pyramidally-shaped), a rhomboid, a plate, or other polygonal shaped configurations, or irregularly shaped particles, and additionally, these particles may be solid or hollow in structure.

[0065] Another object of the present invention is to provide optically activated fixed particles that may be encapsulated with a transparent and/or translucent coating, such as but not limited to polyoxymethylene urea, polyoxymethylene, melamine, PVA, PCV, polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, polyvinyls, plastic polymers, organic or inorganic gels, natural or synthetic gelatins, wherein each capsule acts as an extra diffusing interface of emitted light, thereby increasing the diffusion of emitted and reflected light, or reducing the visual perception of skin imperfections, including cellulite, wrinkles, skin discolorations, and shadows when applied to the skin surface.

[0066] Another advantage of the present invention is that it provides optically-activated fixed particles that can be used in an encapsulated or non-encapsulated form in the formation of various cosmetic preparations selected from the group consisting of skin lotions, creams, shampoos, body and skin rinses, bath gels, soaps, hair conditioners, color conditioners and rinses, hair color solutions, foundation powders (compressed or loose), tooth pastes, oral rinses, color cosmetics, and skin treatment products.

[0067] Another advantage of the present invention is that it provides optically-activated fixed particles that when used in cosmetic preparations reduce the visual perception of skin imperfections, such as wrinkles (for example, around the eyes, areas of the arms, around the mouth, under the jaw), cellulite, or mild skin discolorations due to mild scars or varicose veins, and blothchiness of the skin as in the face area.

[0068] A latitude of modification, change, and substitution is intended in the foregoing disclosure, and in some instances, some features of the invention will be employed without a corresponding use of other features. Accordingly, it is appropriate that the appended claims be construed broadly and in a manner consistent with the spirit and scope of the invention herein.

Claims

1. Optically-activated fixed particles for use in cosmetics, toiletries, and pharmaceutical preparations to reduce the visual perception of skin imperfections such as shadows, skin discolorations, wrinkles, and cellulite, comprising: a) a plurality of insoluble solid substrate particles; b) a fluorescent compound fixed to each of said plurality of substrate particles to form integral units in the form of optically-activated fixed particles; and c) each of said optically-activated fixed particles encapsulated with a transparent or translucent coating.

2. Optically activated fixed particles in accordance with claim 1, wherein each of 1 said plurality of substrate particles has a composition selected from the group consisting of nylons, polyamides, polyacrylates, acrylics, polyesters, other plastic polymers, natural materials, regenerated cellulose, metals and minerals, or mixtures of these, wherein said substrate particles have an index of refraction greater than 1.0.

3. Optically-activated fixed particles in accordance with claim 1, wherein each of said plurality of substrate particles is at least 0.1μ (microns) in size, but below 50μ in size.

4. Optically-activated fixed particles in accordance with claim 1, wherein each of said plurality of substrate particles is at least 1.0μ (microns) in size, but below 30μ in size.

5. Optically-activated fixed particles in accordance with claim 1, wherein each of said plurality of substrate particles is at least 2.0μ (microns) in size, but below 15μ in size.

6. Optically-activated fixed particles in accordance with claim 1, wherein each of said plurality of substrate particles has a configuration or structure selected from the group consisting of a spheroid, a cuboid, a cylindrical-shaped particle, a tetrahedroid, a rhomboid, a plate, other polygonal shaped configurations, irregular shapes, and equivalents.

7. Optically-activated fixed particles in accordance with claim 1, wherein each of said plurality of substrate particles is solid or hollow in structure.

8. Optically-activated particles in accordance with claim 1, wherein said plurality of substrate particles are pre-treated to make said plurality of substrate particles water wettable and/or swollen and/or electrostatic and ionically available, wherein said plurality of pre-treated substrate particles are ready for fixation by said fluorescent compound.

9. Optically-activated fixed particles in accordance with claim 1, wherein said fluorescent compound is fixed to said plurality of substrate particles by ionic, covalent, or hydrogen bonding.

10. Optically-activated fixed particles in accordance with claim 1, wherein said fluorescent compound is fixed to said plurality of substrate particles by Van der Waals forces, or by strong or weak physio-chemical association.

11. Optically-activated fixed particles in accordance with claim 1, wherein said fluorescent compound is selected from the group consisting of derivatives of stilbene, 4,4′ diaminostilbene, bipehenyl, heterocycles, or any other fluorescent materials such as Tinopal 5BM, Calcofluor White RC (Stilbene 4), Calcofluor CG (Stilbene 3), and Leucophor BSB, or equivalents.

12. Optically-activated fixed particles in accordance with claim 1, wherein each of said optically-activated fixed particles is colorless or translucent or transparent, and non-visible to the human eye.

13. Optically-activated fixed particles in accordance with claim 1, wherein each of said optically-activated fixed particles has a configuration or structure selected from the group consisting of a spheroid, a cuboid, a cylindrical-shaped particle, a tetrahedroid, a rhomboid, a plate, other polygonal shaped configurations, or irregular shaped configurations, and equivalents.

14. Optically-activated fixed particles in accordance with claim 1, wherein each of said optically-activated fixed particles is solid or hollow in structure.

15. Optically-activated fixed particles in accordance with claim 1, wherein said optically-activated fixed particles are used in the making of cosmetics, toiletries and pharmaceutical preparations selected from the group consisting of skin lotions, creams, shampoos, body and skin rinse, bath gels, soaps, hair conditioners, color conditioners and rinses, hair color solutions, foundation liquids and powders (compressed or loose), tooth pastes, oral rinses, color cosmetics, and skin treatment products.

16. Optically-activated fixed particles in accordance with claim 1, wherein said optically-activated fixed particles both scatter and emit light in a diffuse manner to reduce the visual perception of skin imperfections, including cellulite, wrinkles, skin discolorations, and shadows, when said optically-activated fixed particles are applied to the skin surface.

17. Optically-activated fixed particles in accordance with claim 1, wherein said optically-activated fixed particles absorb ultraviolet light and emit visible light.

18. Optically-activated fixed particles in accordance with claim 1, wherein said optically-activated fixed particles absorb visible light at certain wavelengths, and emit visible light at longer wavelengths.

19. Optically-activated particles in accordance with claim 1, wherein said transparent and/or translucent coating is selected from the group consisting of polyoxymethylene urea, polyoxymethylene, melamine, PVA, PCV, polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, polyvinyls, plastic polymers, organic or inorganic gels, natural or synthetic gelatins, wherein said coating forms a capsule and each capsule acts as an extra diffusing interface of emitted light, thereby increasing the diffusion of emitted and reflected light, or reducing the visual perception of skin imperfections, including cellulite, wrinkles, skin discolorations, and shadows when applied to the skin surface.

20. Optically-activated fixed particles in accordance with claim 1, wherein each of said encapsulated optically-activated fixed particles is a polyamide-based solid for enhancing the radial diffusing of light from each of said encapsulated optically-activated fixed particles to reduce the visual perception of skin imperfections, including shadows, skin discolorations, cellulite, wrinkles, and mild scars.

21. Optically-activated fixed particles in accordance with claim 1, wherein each of said encapsulated optically-activated particles has a size in the range of 0.1μ to 50μ (microns).

22. Optically-activated fixed particles in accordance with claim 1, wherein each of said encapsulated optically-activated particles has a size in the range of 1μ to 30μ (microns).

23. Optically-activated fixed particles in accordance with claim 1, wherein each of said encapsulated optically-activated particles has a size in the range of 2μ to 15μ (microns).

24. Optically-activated fixed particles in accordance with claim 1, wherein said encapsulated optically-activated fixed particles are used in the making of cosmetics, toiletries, and pharmaceutical preparations selected from the group consisting of skin lotions, creams, shampoos, body and skin rinses, bath gels, soaps, hair conditioners, color conditioners and rinses, hair color solutions, foundation liquids and powders (compressed or loose), tooth pastes, oral rinses, color cosmetics, skin treatment products, and any cosmetically-acceptable vehicles.

25. Optically-activated fixed particles in accordance with claim 1, wherein said encapsulated optically-activated fixed particles absorb light and emit and diffuse light in a diffuse manner to reduce the visual perception of skin imperfections, including cellulite, wrinkles, skin discolorations, shadows, and mild scars, when said encapsulated optically-activated particles are applied to the skin surface.

26. Optically-activated fixed particles for use in cosmetic, toiletries, and pharmaceutical preparations to reduce the visual perception of skin imperfections such as shadows, skin discolorations, wrinkles, and cellulite, comprising: a) a plurality of insoluble solid substrate particles; and b) a fluorescent compound fixed to each of said plurality of substrate particles to form integral units in the form of optically-activated fixed particles.

27. Optically activated fixed particles in accordance with claim 26, wherein each of said plurality of substrate particles has a composition selected from the group consisting of nylons, polyamides, polyacrylates, acrylics, polyesters, other plastic polymers, natural materials, regenerated cellulose, metals and minerals, or mixtures of these.

28. Optically-activated fixed particles in accordance with claim 26, wherein each of said plurality of substrate particles is at least 0.1μ (microns) in size, but below 50μ in size.

29. Optically-activated fixed particles in accordance with claim 26, wherein each of said plurality of substrate particles is at least 1.0μ (microns) in size, but below 30μ in size.

30. Optically-activated fixed particles in accordance with claim 26, wherein each of said plurality of substrate particles is at least 2.0% (microns) in size, but below 15μ in size.

31. Optically-activated fixed particles in accordance with claim 26, wherein each of said plurality of substrate particles has a configuration or structure selected from the group consisting of a spheroid, a cuboid, a cylindrical-shaped particle, a tetrahedroid, a rhomboid, a plate, other polygonal shaped configurations, irregular shapes and equivalents.

32. Optically-activated fixed particles in accordance with claim 26, wherein each of said plurality of substrate particles is solid or hollow in structure.

33. Optically-activated particles in accordance with claim 26, wherein said plurality of substrate particles are pre-treated to make said plurality of substrate particles water wettable and/or swollen and/or electrostatic and ionically available, wherein said plurality of pre-treated substrate particles are ready for fixation by said fluorescent compound.

34. Optically-activated fixed particles in accordance with claim 26, wherein said fluorescent compound is fixed to said plurality of substrate particles by ionic, covalent, or hydrogen bonding.

35. Optically-activated fixed particles in accordance with claim 26, wherein said fluorescent compound is fixed to said plurality of substrate particles by Van der Waals forces, or by strong or weak physio-chemical association.

36. Optically-activated fixed particles in accordance with claim 26, wherein said fluorescent compound is selected from the group consisting of derivatives of stilbene, 4,4′ diaminostilbene, bipehenyl, heterocycles, or any other fluorescent materials such as Tinopal 5BM, Calcofluor White RC (Stilbene 4), Calcofluor CG (Stilbene 3), and Leucophor BSB, or equivalents.

37. Optically-activated fixed particles in accordance with claim 26, wherein each of said optically-activated fixed particles is colorless or translucent or transparent, and non-visible to the human eye.

38. Optically-activated fixed particles in accordance with claim 26, wherein each of said optically-activated fixed particles has a configuration or structure selected from the group consisting of a spheroid, a cuboid, a cylindrical-shaped particle, a tetrahedroid, a rhomboid, a plate, other polygonal shaped or irregular shaped configurations, and equivalents.

39. Optically-activated fixed particles in accordance with claim 26, wherein each of said optically-activated particles is solid or hollow in structure.

40. Optically-activated fixed particles in accordance with claim 26, wherein each of said optically-activated fixed particles is a polyamide-based solid.

41. Optically-activated fixed particles in accordance with claim 26, wherein said optically-activated fixed particles are used in the making of cosmetics, toiletries and pharmaceutical preparations selected from the group consisting of skin lotions, creams, shampoos, body and skin rinse, bath gels, soaps, hair conditioners, color conditioners and rinses, hair color solutions, foundation liquids and powders (compressed or loose), tooth pastes, oral rinses, color cosmetics, and skin treatment products.

42. Optically-activated fixed particles in accordance with claim 26, wherein said optically-activated fixed particles both scatter and emit light in a diffuse manner to reduce the visual perception of skin imperfections, including cellulite, wrinkles, skin discolorations, and shadows, when said optically-activated fixed particles are applied to the skin surface.

43. Optically-activated fixed particles in accordance with claim 26, wherein said optically-activated fixed particles absorb ultraviolet light and emit visible light.

44. Optically-activated fixed particles in accordance with claim 26, wherein said optically-activated fixed particles absorb visible light at certain wavelengths and emit visible light at longer wavelengths.

45. Optically-activated particles in accordance with claim 26, further includes a transparent and/or translucent coating selected from the group consisting of polyoxymethylene urea, polyoxymethylene, melamine, PVA, PCV, polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, polyvinyls, plastic polymers, organic or inorganic gels, natural or synthetic gelatins, wherein said coating forms a capsule and each capsule acts as an extra diffusing interface of emitted light, thereby increasing the diffusion of emitted and reflected light, or reducing the visual perception of skin imperfections, including cellulite, wrinkles, skin discolorations, and shadows when applied to the skin surface.

46. Optically-activated fixed particles in accordance with claim 26, wherein each of said encapsulated optically-activated fixed particles is a polyamide-based solid for enhancing the radial diffusing of light from each of said encapsulated optically-activated fixed particles to reduce the visual perception of skin imperfections, including shadows, skin discolorations, cellulite, wrinkles, and mild scars.

47. Optically-activated fixed particles in accordance with claim 26, further including encapsulated optically-activated particles having a size in the range of 0.1μ to 50μ (microns).

48. Optically-activated fixed particles in accordance with claim 26, further including encapsulated optically-activated particles having a size in the range of 1μ to 30μ (microns).

49. Optically-activated fixed particles in accordance with claim 26, further including encapsulated optically-activated particles having a size in the range of 2μ to 15μ (microns).

50. Optically-activated fixed particles in accordance with claim 26, further including encapsulated optically-activated fixed particles used in the making of cosmetics, toiletries, and pharmaceutical preparations selected from the group consisting of skin lotions, creams, shampoos, body and skin rinses, bath gels, soaps, hair conditioners, color conditioners and rinses, hair color solutions, foundation liquids and powders (compressed or loose), tooth pastes, oral rinses, color cosmetics, skin treatment products, and any cosmetically-acceptable vehicles.

51. Optically-activated fixed particles in accordance with claim 26, further including encapsulated optically-activated fixed particles which absorb light and emit and diffuse light in a diffuse manner to reduce the visual perception of skin imperfections, including cellulite, wrinkles, skin discolorations, shadows, and mild scars, when said encapsulated optically-activated particles are applied to the skin surface.

52. A method of making optically-activated fixed particles for use in cosmetics, toiletries, and pharmaceutical preparations for reducing the visual perception of skin imperfections such as shadows, skin discolorations, wrinkles, and cellulite, comprising the steps of: a) mixing a plurality of substrate particles with one or more solvents to form a mixture; b) reacting said mixture of said plurality of substrate particles with a fluorescent compound, and said fluorescent compound being in the range of 0.01% to 50.0% by weight of said mixture; c) fixing said fluorescent compound to said plurality of substrate particles to form a plurality of optically-activated fixed particles in said mixture; and d) filtering or otherwise separating said mixture to separate out said plurality of optically-activated fixed particles having said fluorescent compound being in the range of 0.0001% to 20.0% by dry weight of said composition and said substrate particles being in the range of 80.0% to 99.9999% by dry weight of said composition for use in making cosmetic, toiletries and pharmaceutical preparations.

53. A method of making optically-activated fixed particles in accordance with claim 52, wherein said step of mixing said plurality of substrate particles with said one or more solvents includes one or more glycol derivatives to form said mixture.

54. A method of making optically-activated fixed particles in accordance with claim 52, wherein said step of reacting said plurality of substrate particles with said fluorescent compound being selected from the group consisting of derivatives of stilbene, 4,4′ diaminostilbene, bipehenyl, heterocycles, or any other fluorescent materials such as Tinopal 5BM, Calcofluor White RC (Stilbene 4), Calcofluor CG (Stilbene 3), and Leucophor BSB, or equivalents.

55. A method of making optically-activated fixed particles in accordance with claim 52, further including the step of drying said mixture to separate out said plurality of optically-activated fixed particles from said mixture.

56. A method of making optically-activated fixed particles in accordance with claim 52, further including the step of making said plurality of optically-activated fixed particles into cosmetic preparations selected from the group consisting of skin lotions, creams, shampoos, body and skin rinses, bath gels, soaps, hair conditioners, color conditioners and rinses, hair color solutions, foundation powders (compressed or loose), tooth pastes, oral rinses, color cosmetics, and skin treatment products, or any acceptable-cosmetic vehicle or medium.

57. A method of making optically-activated fixed particles in accordance with claim 52, wherein said step of separating said mixture from said plurality of optically-activated fixed particles forms a plurality of optically-activated fixed particles; and further including the step of encapsulating said plurality of optically-activated fixed particles using a transparent or translucent coating to form a plurality of encapsulated optically-activated fixed particles.

58. A method of making optically-activated fixed particles in accordance with claim 52, wherein said step of encapsulating said plurality of optically-activated fixed particles is performed using a polyoxymethylene urea (PMU) coating, or a PVA coating, or a melamine coating as said transparent or translucent coating.

59. A method of making optically-activated fixed particles in accordance with claim 52, wherein said step of encapsulating said plurality of optically-activated fixed particles is performed using one of the following selected from the group consisting of a polyoxymethylene urea, polyoxymethylene, melamine, PVA, PCV, polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, polyvinyls, plastic polymers, organic or inorganic gels, natural or synthetic gelatins to form a capsule, wherein each capsule acts as an extra diffusing interface of emitted light, thereby increasing the diffusion of emitted and reflected light, or reducing the visual perception of skin imperfections, including cellulite, wrinkles, skin discolorations, and shadows when applied to the skin surface.

60. A method of making optically-activated particles in accordance with claim 52, further including the step of processing said plurality of encapsulated optically-activated fixed particles into cosmetic preparations selected from the group consisting of skin lotions, creams, shampoos, body and skin rinses, bath gels, soaps, hair conditioners, color conditioners and rinses, hair color solutions, foundation powders (compressed or loose), tooth pastes, oral rinses, color cosmetics, and skin treatment products, or any acceptable-cosmetic vehicle or medium.

61. A method of making optically-activated fixed particles for use in cosmetics, toiletries, and pharmaceutical preparations for reducing the visual perception of skin imperfections, such as shadows, skin discolorations, wrinkles and cellulite, comprising the steps of: a) mixing a plurality of substrate particles with one or more solvents to form a mixture; b) reacting said mixture of said plurality of substrate particles with a fluorescent compound, and said fluorescent compound being in the range of 0.0 1% to 50.0% by weight of said mixture; c) fixing said fluorescent compound to said plurality of substrate particles to form a plurality of optically-activated fixed particles in said mixture; d) filtering or separating said mixture to separate out said plurality of optically-activated fixed particles having said fluorescent compound being in the range of 0.0001% to 20.0% by dry weight of said composition and said substrate particles being in the range of 80.0% to 99.9999% by dry weight of said composition for use in making cosmetic, toiletries, and pharmaceutical preparations; and e) encapsulating said plurality of optically-activated fixed particles using a transparent or translucent coating.

62. A method of making optically-activated fixed particles in accordance with claim 61, wherein said step of mixing said plurality of substrate particles with said one or more solvents includes one or more glycol derivatives to form said mixture.

63. A method of making optically-activated fixed particles in accordance with claim 61, wherein said step of reacting said plurality of substrate particles includes selecting said fluorescent compound from the group consisting of derivatives of stilbene, 4,4′ diaminostilbene, bipehenyl, heterocycles, or any other fluorescent materials such as Tinopal 5BM, Calcofluor White RC (Stilbene 4), Calcofluor CG (Stilbene 3), and Leucophor BSB, or equivalents.

64. A method of making optically-activated fixed particles in accordance with claim 61, wherein said step of filtering includes the step of drying said mixture to separate out said plurality of optically-activated fixed particles from said complex solution.

65. A method of making optically-activated fixed particles in accordance with claim 61, further including the step of making said plurality of optically-activated fixed particles into cosmetic preparations selected from the group consisting of skin lotions, creams, shampoos, body and skin rinses, bath gels, soaps, hair conditioners, color conditioners and rinses, hair color solutions, foundation powders (compressed or loose), tooth pastes, oral rinses, color cosmetics, and skin treatment products, or any acceptable-cosmetic vehicle or medium.

66. A method of making optically-activated fixed particles in accordance with claim 61, wherein said step of separating said mixture from said plurality of optically-activated fixed particles forms a plurality of optically-activated fixed particles.

67. A method of making optically-activated fixed particles in accordance with claim 61, wherein said step of encapsulating said plurality of optically-activated fixed particles is performed using a polyoxymethylene urea (PMU) coating, or a PVA coating, or a melamine coating, as said transparent or translucent coating.

68. A method of making optically-activated fixed particles in accordance with claim 61, wherein said step of encapsulating said plurality of optically-activated fixed particles is performed using a polyoxymethylene urea, polyoxymethylene, melamine, PVA, PCV, polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, polyvinyls, plastic polymers, organic or inorganic gels, natural or synthetic gelatins, to form a capsule wherein each capsule acts as an extra diffusing interface of emitted light, thereby increasing the diffusion of emitted and reflected light, or reducing the visual perception of skin imperfections, including cellulite, wrinkles, skin discolorations, and shadows when applied to the skin surface.

69. A method of optically-activated fixed particles in accordance with claim 61, further including the step of processing said plurality of encapsulated optically-activated fixed particles into cosmetic preparations selected from the group consisting of skin lotions, creams, shampoos, body and skin rinses, bath gels, soaps, hair conditioners, color conditioners and rinses, hair color solutions, foundation powders (compressed or loose), tooth pastes, oral rinses, color cosmetics, and skin treatment products, or any acceptable-cosmetic vehicle or medium.

70. A method of using a composition having optically-activated fixed particles for use in cosmetics, toiletries and pharmaceutical applications in order to reduce the visual perception of skin imperfections, wherein said composition comprises: a) a plurality of substrate particles selected from the group consisting of polyamides, polyacrylates, polyesters, other plastic polymers, natural materials, regenerated cellulose, cellulose, starch, metals, salts, minerals, and other insoluble solids; b) a fluorescent compound fixed to each of said plurality of substrate particles to form integral units in the form of optically-activated fixed particles for emitting and diffusing light to reduce the visual perception of skin imperfections, including shadows, skin discolorations, cellulite, wrinkles, and mild scars; c) each of said optically-activated fixed particles being encapsulated with a transparent or translucent coating; and d) said method comprising the step of applying said composition to a person's skin to reduce the visual perception of skin imperfections, including cellulite, shadows, wrinkles, skin discolorations, pores, follicles, blotchiness, and mild scars by using said optically-activated fixed particles to emit and diffuse light.

71. A method of using a composition having optically-activated fixed particles for use in cosmetics, toiletries and pharmaceutical applications in order to reduce the visual perception of skin imperfections, wherein said composition comprises: a) a plurality of substrate particles selected from the group consisting of polyamides, polyacrylates, polyesters, other plastic polymers, natural materials, regenerated cellulose, cellulose, starch, metals, salts, minerals, and other insoluble solids; b) a fluorescent compound fixed to each of said plurality of substrate particles to form integral units in the form of optically-activated fixed particles for emitting and diffusing light to reduce the visual perception of skin imperfections, including shadows, skin discolorations, cellulite, wrinkles, and mild scars; and c) said method comprising the step of applying said composition to a person's skin to reduce the visual perception of skin imperfections, including cellulite, shadows, wrinkles, skin discolorations, pores, follicles, blotchiness, and mild scars by using said optically-activated fixed particles to emit and diffuse light.