The present invention is related to a method to optimize energy consumption in a hearing device as well as a hearing device.
Hearing devices are small scale portable devices that operate under battery power. Consequently, energy consumption is an important issue when designing hearing devices. Several approaches to reduce power consumption have therefore been proposed.
A first known method is disclosed in WO 02/07 480, in which a hearing aid is described with a power management circuitry. According to this known teaching, the hearing aid can be operated in two different operational modes, at least one of which is a power saving mode. The switching from one mode to another is performed to reduce power consumption when appropriate. Basically, the power management circuitry observes the incoming acoustical signal, which represents the sound picked up by the microphone, and decides whether the signal is important to the hearing device user—which results in switching to the normal operational mode or which results in staying in the normal operational mode, respectively—, or whether the incoming signal is of no importance to the hearing device user—which results in switching to the sleep mode or which results in staying in the sleep mode, respectively. Accordingly, there is full power consumption by the hearing aid, whenever an important incoming signal is detected by the power management circuitry. In other words, power consumption is only reduced while the hearing aid is in sleep mode.
Other state of the art is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,111,506, in a paper of Philippe Mosch et al. entitled “A 660-μW 50-Mops 1-V DSP for a Hearing Aid Chip Set” (IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, Vol. 35, No. 11, November 2000, pp. 1705-1712) and in a cover story published by Linda Geppert and Tekla S. Perry entitled “Transmeta's magic show” (IEEE Spectrum, May 2000, pp. 26-33).
U.S. Pat. No. 5,111,506 teaches a hearing aid with a multiple channel network in which each channel comprises an amplifier unit. To reduce power usage, each of the amplifier circuits is coupled to programmable biasing circuitry by which the current applied to the amplifier may be adjusted to compensate for deficiencies in the operating characteristics of the amplifier circuits caused by variations in the processes used to manufacture the integrated circuits. The energy savings resulting from this teaching are miniscule.
The above-mentioned paper by Mosch et al. gives an overview of the available measures to reduce power consumption of integrated circuits, in particular of integrated circuits in portable devices as for example in hearing devices.
Finally, general information is given in the above-mentioned cover story of the magazine “IEEE Spectrum” regarding the most recent developments in connection with the creation of fast low-power integrated circuits. It has been proposed to monitor software applications as they are running. The result of the monitoring is used to adjust both the supply voltage and the clock frequency such that each application runs only as fast as it must to get its task done. The monitoring of applications is performed by a specialized hardware, implemented in the so-called Crusoe processor, in addition to so-called Code Morphing software which allows further reductions in power consumption by utilizing capabilities available only in the Crusoe hardware. The power management technology provides Code Morphing software with the ability to adjust Crusoe's supply voltage and clock frequency on the fly depending on the demands placed on the Crusoe processor by software. Because power varies linearly with clock speed and with the square of voltage, adjusting both can produce cubic reductions in power consumption, whereas conventional CPUs can adjust power merely linearly, namely by only adjusting the clock frequency. The Crusoe processor and its Code Morphing software have a wide range of applications which results in a rather complicated design and cost intensive implementation. Further details of this technology are disclosed in WO 01/53 921.
It is therefore an object of the present invention, to provide a method to optimize power consumption in a hearing device, which method is easily implemented and has, at the same time, a high impact on energy savings.
A method is disclosed to optimize energy consumption in a hearing device in which one of several hearing programs can be selected, as well as a hearing device. The method comprises the steps of taking into account knowledge of computing power needed by the selected hearing program for adjusting a clock frequency for a clock signal and possibly also the supply voltage driving processing units of the hearing device, and, furthermore, by adjusting the clock frequency of the clock signal and possibly also of the supply voltage as soon as the corresponding hearing program is activated. The present invention has the advantage that power consumption can dramatically be reduced because only the absolutely necessary energy is used by the processing units.
By taking into account of knowledge of computing power needed by a selected hearing program for adjusting a clock frequency driving processing units of the hearing device, and by adjusting the clock frequency as soon as the corresponding hearing program is activated, power consumption can dramatically be reduced, because only the absolutely necessary energy is being used by the processing units.
In further embodiments of the present invention, the output voltage of the source supplying energy to the processing units and memory units of the hearing device is also adjusted. In addition, the simultaneous use of charge storage devices, e.g. capacitors, is proposed to generate a supply voltage for processing units processing acoustic signal as well as for a memory supply voltage which is used to program non-volatile memory. Generally, the supply voltage is lower than a battery voltage, and the memory supply voltage is higher than the battery voltage.
The present invention is not only directed to a method to optimize energy consumption in a hearing device but also to a hearing device itself, whereas under the term hearing device, it is intended to include hearing aids as used to compensate for a hearing impairment of a person, as well as to all other acoustic communication systems, such as radio transceivers and the like. Furthermore, the present invention is also suitable to be incorporated into implantable devices.
In the following, the present invention will be further explained by referring to drawings showing exemplified embodiments of the present invention. It is shown in:
An acoustic signal is picked up by a microphone (not shown in
The analog-to-digital converter 2 and the synchronizing unit 4 as well as the digital-to-analog converter 3 and the synchronizing unit 5 are operated at a steady clock rate fCL1 or fCL2, respectively, in order to prevent aliasing or other distortions in the acoustic signals. The two synchronizing units 4 and 5 are used to transfer data between components with different clock rates, i.e. between the analog-to-digital converter 2 and the processing unit 1 and between the latter and the digital-to-analog converter 3.
All other components represented in
The auxiliary components represented in
The control unit 8 is further connected to the oscillator unit 7 over a connection CTR2. Similar to the adjustment of the power source 6, the control unit 8 is able to adjust a clock frequency fCL for the processing unit 1 over the oscillator unit 7 which is the second means to control power consumption in the hearing device.
The control unit 8 is further connected to the memory unit 9 in which relevant data is stored which is used in connection with the power optimization in the hearing device. The kind of information stored in the memory unit 9 is described below.
Finally, the control unit 8 is further connected to the peripheral unit 10 through which certain selections and/or adjustments can be controlled either by a remote control operated by the hearing device user or by a switch at the hearing device housing, which switch can also be operated by the hearing device user.
A possible influence on the hearing device mode of operation lies in the selections of one of the possible hearing programs. It is well known in the state of the art that—depending on the momentary acoustic surround situation—a certain hearing program is selected either automatically by the hearing device or manually by the hearing device user. In this connection, reference is made to the teaching disclosed in WO 01/22 790.
Each selectable hearing program has an underlying algorithm which forms the basis for the processing being performed in the processing unit 1. It is a fact that different processing power is needed depending on the complexity of the underlying algorithm. The present invention makes use of these different needs of processing power by incorporating this knowledge into the adjustment of the clock frequency fCL and possibly also the adjustment of the supply voltage VCC. Furthermore, the present invention takes advantage of the fact that the selected underlying algorithm calls for a more or less steady processing power, in other words, no fluctuation in processing power needs must be expected during execution of a specific program. Therefore, an optimized clock frequency fCL, which is used to drive the processing unit 1 of the hearing device, can be fixed to a value which is just sufficient to timely execute an algorithm of a certain hearing program.
For every hearing program, a clock frequency fCL can be determined for the processing unit 1 beforehand, i.e. before implementing the hearing program in the hearing device. The clock frequencies or a corresponding value, respectively, are then stored in the memory unit 9 from which they can be retrieved whenever a new hearing program has been selected via the peripheral unit 10 or automatically chosen by the hearing device itself.
The same procedure applies for the selection of the supply voltage VCC in the source unit 6. In other words, for each hearing program, a certain supply voltage VCC—or a corresponding value—is stored in the memory unit 9, which supply voltage VCC or value, respectively, is retrieved whenever a new hearing program has been selected via the peripheral unit 10 or automatically chosen by the hearing device itself.
While one embodiment of the present invention is intended to adjust the clock frequency fCL as well as the supply voltage VCC, another embodiment is directed to only adjusting the clock frequency fCL while the supply voltage VCC remains unchanged at a certain preset level.
If a power optimization scheme based on frequency adjustment of the clock signal CL is intended to be implemented, a preferred embodiment of the oscillator unit 7 (
A signal REF with a certain fixed reference frequency fREF is generated by a crystal oscillator 12. This signal REF is applied to a first divider unit 13, which produces an output signal REF0 whose frequency fREF0 is M-times lower than that of the corresponding input signal REF, i.e. fREF0=fREF/M, M being an integer number. The reduced frequency signal REF0 is subsequently fed to one of the inputs of a phase comparator 14 (often also referred to as “phase detector” in the literature). At the same time, an output signal CL0 from a second frequency divider unit 17 is applied to another input of the phase comparator 14. The phase comparator 14 generates an error signal ERR—representative of a frequency offset (i.e. frequency difference) between the reduced frequency signal REF0 and the output signal CL0 of the second frequency divider unit 17—at its output. This error signal ERR is fed to a loop filter 15 before being fed to a voltage controlled oscillator 16 (VCO) as a control voltage Vin. A frequency fCL of an output signal Vout generated by the VCO 14 is proportional to the control voltage Vin. The output signal Vout generated by the voltage controlled oscillator 16 is used as a clock signal CL to drive the processing unit 1 (as show in
Each time a specific hearing program has been selected—whereby this selection process can either be automatically performed by the hearing device itself or carried out manually through intervention by the wearer of the hearing device—the control unit 8 (
In a further, simplified embodiment of the present invention, only a relatively small number of different target clock frequencies will be used. For such an embodiment, M is set to 1, for example, which means that the first divider unit 12 could be removed in order to reduce complexity.
It should be noted that the above described mechanism of generating a clock signal with programmable frequency was for illustrative purposed only and in no way should this exemplary embodiment limit the scope or general spirit of the present invention.
In case the adjustment of the clock frequency fCL is intended to be implemented, a possible course for the clock signal CL will have a 50%-duty cycle in one embodiment. This will be further explained in connection with
It must be pointed out that such a course is not suitable if the supply voltage VCC is also adjusted, i.e. reduced, because the slopes of the pulses cannot be less steep than to the ones in
If one wants to adjust or reduce, respectively, the supply voltage VCC, the course of the clock must therefore also be adjusted at least to some extent. For a maximum reduction of the supply voltage VCC, the duty cycle must be changed to essentially 50%. A course for the clock signal CL, which has a reduced frequency compared to the one shown in
In
For the sake of completeness it is pointed out that duty cycles of more than 50% are also possible. Again, a corresponding limited reduction of the supply voltage VCC is the result by increasing the duty cycle towards 100%.
A further embodiment of the present invention which is based on the concept of varying the supply voltage VCC for the processing unit 1 (
A possible implementation of a DC/DC converter 20 comprises a capacitive multiplier or divider, respectively, which, depending on whether the battery voltage VBAT applied to the input of the unit 20, needs to be up- or down-converted to generate the desired supply voltage VCC and the desired memory supply voltage VMEM, has a multiplication factor A≧1 or 0<A<1, respectively. Such a capacitive multiplier and divider, respectively, uses K capacitors C1, . . . , CK to store and transfer energy, whereby capacitive voltage conversion is obtained through periodically switching these capacitors C1, . . . , CK. This type of voltage conversion device is therefore often termed “charge pump” by those skilled in the art.
In this aspect of the present invention, another object is to minimize the number K of capacitors C1, . . . , CK required to generate different supply voltages VCC and memory supply voltages VMEM. This is due to the fact that the capacitors C1, . . . , CK are typically rather bulky discrete components, mounted externally to the integrated circuits which incorporate most of the circuitry contained in modern hearing devices, and hence consume a large amount of space which is very limited in these highly miniaturized hearing devices. Typically, the more different multiplication factors the DC/DC converter 20 needs to implement the more capacitors C1, . . . , CK are required. The number of multiplication factors A must therefore carefully be selected, and the number K of capacitors C1, . . . , CK must thereby be constrained to the point where an increase of the number K no longer has a significant positive impact on power savings. Unfortunately, even more capacitors C1, . . . , CK are needed when the DC/DC converter 20 must simultaneously up-convert the battery voltage VBAT to a higher memory supply voltage VMEM for the non-volatile memory and, on the other hand, down-convert the battery voltage VBAT to a lower supply voltage VCC for the processor unit 1. In order to avoid having to use two independent charge pumps—each with its own set of capacitors C1, . . . , CK—in such situations, a system according to the present invention employs, for example, only a single charge pump to generate only one of the necessary supply voltages VCC or one of the necessary memory supply voltages VMEM at any moment in time. This is based on the fact that accessing (i.e. reading from or writing to) the non-volatile memory happens fairly infrequently. During these infrequent and brief instances the charge pump is used to up-convert the battery voltage VBAT to a higher memory supply voltage VMEM for the non-volatile memory and the supply voltage VCC for the processing unit 1 directly comes from the battery via a linear regulator. As soon as the non-volatile memory is no longer active, the charge pump is reassigned to down-converting the battery voltage VBAT to a lower supply voltage VCC. This scheme is still very power efficient, since the short, intermittent periods where the processing unit 1 draws its power directly from the battery via the linear regulator have little impact on the average power consumption of the hearing device. Furthermore, by appropriate choice of the values for the capacitors C1, . . . , CK, the same small set of capacitors C1, . . . , CK can be used to produce both multiplication factors A≧1 as well as such with 0<A<1.
An embodiment of the present invention in which power consumption is minimized by simultaneously adapting both the clock frequency fCL as well as the supply voltage VCC required to run the processing unit 1 (