Patent Application
20080283549
The present invention is directed generally to the dispensing of solid pharmaceutical articles and, more specifically, is directed to the automated dispensing of solid pharmaceutical articles.
Pharmacy generally began with the compounding of medicines which entailed the actual mixing and preparing of medications. Heretofore, pharmacy has been, to a great extent, a profession of dispensing, that is, the pouring, counting, and labeling of a prescription, and subsequently transferring the dispensed medication to the patient. Because of the repetitiveness of many of the pharmacist's tasks, automation of these tasks has been desirable.
Some attempts have been made to automate the pharmacy environment. Different exemplary approaches are shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,337,919 to Spaulding et al. and U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,006,946; 6,036,812 and 6,176,392 to Williams et al. These systems utilize robotic arms to grasp a container, carry it to one of a number of bins containing tablets (from which a designated number of tablets are dispensed), carry it to a printer, where a prescription label is applied, and release the filled container in a desired location. Tablets are counted and dispensed with any number of counting devices. Drawbacks to these systems typically include the relatively low speed at which prescriptions are filled and the absence in these systems of securing a closure (i.e., a lid) on the container after it is filled.
One automated system for dispensing pharmaceuticals is described in some detail in U.S. Pat. No. 6,971,541 to Williams et al. This system has the capacity to select an appropriate vial, label the vial, fill the vial with a desired quantity of a selected pharmaceutical tablet, apply a cap to the filled vial, and convey the labeled, filled, capped vial to an offloading station for retrieval. Although this particular system can provide automated pharmaceutical dispensing, it may be desirable to modify certain aspects of the system to address particular needs.
According to embodiments of the present invention, an apparatus for dispensing pharmaceutical articles includes a housing and a gas source to provide a positive pressure supply gas flow. The housing defines a hopper chamber to hold the articles, a dispensing channel fluidly connected to the hopper chamber, a drive jet outlet, and an agitation outlet. The dispensing channel has an inlet and an outlet and defines a flow path therebetween. The gas source is fluidly connected to each of the drive jet outlet and the agitation outlet to provide: a pressurized drive jet gas flow through the drive jet outlet to convey articles through the dispensing channel along the flow path; and a pressurized agitation gas flow through the agitation outlet to agitate articles in the hopper chamber.
According to some embodiments, the agitation gas flow has a greater mass flow rate than the drive jet gas flow. According to some embodiments, the agitation gas flow has a greater mass flow rate than the supply gas flow. According to some embodiments, an air amplifier is interposed and fluidly connected between the gas source and the agitation outlet. The air amplifier may be configured to utilize the Coanda Effect.
According to method embodiments of the present invention, a method is provided for dispensing pharmaceutical articles using an apparatus including a housing defining a hopper chamber to hold the articles, a dispensing channel fluidly connected to the hopper chamber, a drive jet outlet, and an agitation outlet, the dispensing channel having an inlet and an outlet and defining a flow path therebetween, the apparatus further including a gas source fluidly connected to each of the drive jet outlet and the agitation outlet. The method includes providing a positive pressure supply gas flow from the gas source to each of the drive jet outlet and the agitation outlet to generate each of a pressurized drive jet gas flow through the drive jet outlet and a pressurized agitation gas flow through the agitation outlet. The drive jet gas flow conveys articles through the dispensing channel along the flow path and the agitation gas flow agitates articles in the hopper chamber.
According to some embodiments, the agitation gas flow has a greater mass flow rate than the drive jet gas flow. According to some embodiments, the agitation gas flow has a greater mass flow rate than the supply gas flow. According to some embodiments, the supply gas flow is provided from the gas source to the agitation outlet via an air amplifier interposed and fluidly connected between the gas source and the agitation outlet. The air amplifier may be configured to utilize the Coanda Effect.
According to further embodiments of the present invention, an apparatus for dispensing pharmaceutical articles includes a dispensing channel having an inlet and an outlet and defining a flow path therebetween, and a housing defining a hopper chamber to hold the articles. The hopper chamber is in fluid communication with the inlet of the dispensing channel. The housing includes a floor and a divider wall configured to define, in the hopper chamber: a front region between the inlet and the divider wall; a rear region on a side of the divider wall opposite the front region; and a choke passage between the front and rear regions and between the divider wall and the floor. According to some embodiments, a spacing between the divider wall and the floor is adjustable to adjust the size of the choke passage.
Further features, advantages and details of the present invention will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art from a reading of the figures and the detailed description of the preferred embodiments that follow, such description being merely illustrative of the present invention.
The present invention now will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which illustrative embodiments of the invention are shown. In the drawings, the relative sizes of regions or features may be exaggerated for clarity. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being “coupled” or “connected” to another element, it can be directly coupled or connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly coupled” or “directly connected” to another element, there are no intervening elements present. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout.
In addition, spatially relative terms, such as “under”, “below”, “lower”, “over”, “upper” and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as “under” or “beneath” other elements or features would then be oriented “over” the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary term “under” can encompass both an orientation of over and under. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. As used herein the expression “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
In accordance with embodiments of the present invention, apparatus and methods are provided for dispensing solid pharmaceutical articles. In particular, such methods and apparatus may be used to dispense pharmaceuticals. With reference to
According to some embodiments, the agitation gas flow has a higher or greater mass flow rate than the drive jet gas flow. According to some embodiments, the agitation gas flow has a greater mass flow rate than the supply gas flow. The supply gas flow may be provided from the gas source to the agitation outlet via an air amplifier interposed and fluidly connected between the gas source and the agitation outlet. According to some embodiments, the drive jet outlet and the agitation outlet are supplied by the same as source. According to some embodiments, the drive jet gas flow and the agitation gas flow are provided simultaneously. The air amplifier may be configured to utilize the Coanda Effect.
A dispensing system according to embodiments of the present invention and that can carry out the foregoing methods is illustrated in
The system 40 generally includes as operative stations a controller (represented herein by a graphics user interface 42), a container dispensing station 58, a labeling station 60, a tablet dispensing station 62, a closure dispensing station 64, and an offloading station 66. In the illustrated embodiment, containers, tablets and closures are moved between these stations with a dispensing carrier 70; however, in some embodiments, multiple carriers are employed. The dispensing carrier 70 has the capability of moving the container to designated locations within the cavity 45 of the frame 44. Except as discussed herein with regard to the dispensing station 62, each of the operative stations and the conveying devices may be of any suitable construction such as those described in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 6,971,541 to Williams et al. and/or U.S. Patent Publication No. US-2006-0241807-A1, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated herein in their entireties.
The controller 42 controls the operation of the remainder of the system 40. In some embodiments, the controller 42 will be operatively connected with an external device, such as a personal or mainframe computer, that provides input information regarding prescriptions. In other embodiments, the controller 42 may include a stand-alone computer that directly receives manual input from a pharmacist or other operator. An exemplary controller may include a conventional microprocessor-based personal computer. The controller 42 may be a centralized computer or portions thereof may be physically and/or functionally distributed or divided into multiple controllers. For example, according to some embodiments, the controller is embodied in part in each tablet dispensing bin assembly.
In operation, the controller 42 signals the container dispensing station 58 that a container of a specified size is desired. In response, the container dispensing station 58 delivers a container for retrieval by the carrier 70. From the container dispensing station 58, the container is moved to the labeling station 60 by the carrier 70. The labeling station 60 includes a printer that is controlled by the controller 42. The printer prints and presents an adhesive label that is affixed to the container.
Filling of labeled containers with tablets is carried out by the tablet dispensing station 62. The tablet dispensing station 62 comprises a plurality of tablet dispensing bin assemblies or bins 100 (described in more detail below), each of which holds a bulk supply of individual tablets (typically the bins 100 will hold different tablets). Referring to FIGS. 2 and 4-7, the dispensing bins 100, which may be substantially identical in size and configuration, are organized in an array mounted on the rails of the frame 44. Each dispensing bin 100 has a dispensing channel 116 with an outlet 116B (
The dispensing bins 100 are configured to singulate, count, and dispense the tablets contained therein, with the operation of the bins 100 and the counting of the tablets being controlled by the controller 42. According to some embodiments, each bin 100 includes its own dedicated controller that is operative to execute a dispensing run upon receiving a command from a central controller or the like. Some embodiments may employ the controller 42 as the device which monitors the locations and contents of the bins 100; others may employ the controller 42 to monitor the locations of the bins, with the bins 100 including indicia (such as a bar code or electronic transmitter) to identify the contents to the controller 42. In still other embodiments, the bins 100 may generate and provide location and content information to a central controller, with the result that the bins 100 may be moved to different positions on the frame 44 without the need for manual modification of the central controller (i.e., the bins 100 will update the central controller automatically).
Any of a number of dispensing units that singulate and count discrete objects may be employed if suitably modified to include the inventive aspects disclosed herein. In particular, dispensing units that rely upon targeted air flow and a singulating nozzle assembly may be used, such as the devices described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,631,826 to Pollard et al. and/or U.S. Patent Publication No. US-2006-0241807-A1, each of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Bins of this variety may also include additional features, such as those described below.
After the container is desirably filled by the tablet dispensing station 62, the dispensing carrier 70 moves the filled container to the closure dispensing station 64. The closure dispensing station 64 may house a bulk supply of closures and dispense and secure them onto a filled container. The dispensing carrier 70 then moves to the closed container, grasps it, and moves it to the offloading station 66.
Turning to the bins 100 in more detail, an exemplary bin 100 is shown in more detail in
Referring to
The nozzle 114 defines the dispensing channel 116 through which the tablets T can be dispensed one at a time into the container C, for example (
With reference to
With reference to
A rear partition or divider wall 126 extends through the hopper chamber 120 and forms a gap or choke point 126A between the lower edge of the wall 126 and the floor 122. According to some embodiments, the choke point 126A has a gap spacing or height G2 (
The front divider wall 124 and rear divider wall 126 divide the hopper chamber 120 into subchambers or regions. More particularly and referring to
With reference to
With reference to
With reference to
The gas supply passages 140A-F may be of any suitable construction and configuration. According to some embodiments, some or all of the passages 140A-F are defined in whole or in part by channels formed in the housing 110. These channels may be machined or molded into the housing 110.
Each of the air amplifiers 150, 160 is secured to the housing 110. The air amplifiers 150, 160 may be of any suitable construction to effect the functionality described herein. According to some embodiments, the air amplifiers 150, 160 are constructed as described below with regard to the air amplifier 150. The air amplifiers 150, 160 may be constructed in the same or similar manners and it will therefore be appreciated that this description can likewise apply to the air amplifier 160 (and/or any additional air amplifiers).
With reference to
The outer body 152 includes an annular center wall 152A, an annular inner wall 152B, and an annular channel 152C defined therebetween. A feed opening 152D is defined in the wall 152A and fluidly communicates with the channel 152C. When the air amplifier 150 is installed in the housing 110, the gas supply passage 140D (
The inner body 154 has an upstanding projection or collar 154A. A central passage 154B extends through the inner body 154. The body 154 has a relatively rounded or arcuate, annular lower edge or corner surface 154C defining a portion of the passage 154B.
The components 152, 153, 154 are assembled as shown in
In use and with reference to
The outlet 156D of the air amplifier 150 is positioned in or adjacent the agitation outlet 122C so that the exit gas flow FAF enters the hopper chamber 120 through the outlet 122C. Similarly, the corresponding outlet of the air amplifier 160 is positioned in or adjacent the agitation outlet 122D so that an exit gas flow FAR exiting the air amplifier 160 enters the hopper chamber 120 through the outlet 122D (
According to some embodiments and as illustrated, one or both of the air amplifiers 150, 160 are mounted on or integrated into the housing 110. The air amplifiers 150, 160 may be separately formed from the housing 110 and secured to the housing by adhesive, fasteners, integral mechanical structures, or the like. All or a portion of each air amplifier 150, 160 may be integrally molded into the housing 110. Each amplifier 150, 160 can be separately formed from the housing 110 and insert molded into the housing 110.
One or more sensors 115 are operatively positioned in the dispensing channel 116. According to some embodiments, the sensors 115 are counting sensors and are operably connected to associated sensor receiver/processor electronics. As further discussed below, the sensors 115 are configured and positioned to detect the tablets T as they pass through the dispensing channel 116. According to some embodiments, the sensors 115 are photoelectric sensors. According to some embodiments, at least one of the sensors includes a photoemitter and the other sensor includes a photodetector that receives photoemissions from the photoemitter of the first sensor.
A connector circuit board or other electrical connector may be mounted on the bin 100 to provide an electrical connection between an external controller and a bin-controlling circuit board or other electronic component of the bin 100 for power and data signals from the external controller and the counting sensors 115.
Exemplary operation of the dispensing system 40 will now be described. The bin 100 is filled with tablets T to be dispensed. The tablets T may initially be at rest as shown in
When is it desired to dispense the tablets T to fill the container C, the dispensing carrier 70, directed by the controller 42, moves the container C to the exit port 116B of the selected dispensing bin 100. The controller 42 signals the forward valve 142 to open (while the rearward valve 144 remains closed). The opened valve 142 permits the pressurized gas from the gas source 136 to flow through the passages 140C and out through the forward drive jet outlets 146. The pressurized flow from the jet outlets 146 creates high velocity gas jets that generate suction that causes a forward flow FF of high pressure, high velocity air to be drawn outwardly through the dispensing channel 116 (
The opening of the valve 142 also simultaneously permits the pressurized supply gas from the gas source 136 to flow through the passage 140E, through the front air amplifier 150 and out through the front agitation outlet 122C as an air flow FAF having a relatively low velocity and high mass flow rate as compared to the gas flow from the jet outlets 146 (
Once dispensing is complete (i.e., a predetermined number of tablets has been dispensed and counted), the controller 42 activates the forward valve 142 to close and the reverse valve 144 to open. The opened valve 144 permits the pressurized gas from the gas source 136 to flow through the passage 140D and out through the reverse drive jet outlet 148. The pressurized flow from the jet outlet 148 creates a high velocity gas jet that generates suction that causes a reverse (i.e., rearward) flow FR of high pressure air to be drawn inwardly through the dispensing channel 116 toward the chamber 120. In this manner, the airflow is reversed and any tablets T remaining in the channel 116 are returned to the chamber 120 under the force of the reverse flow (
The opening of the valve 144 also simultaneously permits the pressurized supply gas from the gas source 136 to flow through the passage 140F, through the rear air amplifier 160 and out through the rear agitation outlet 122D as the air flow FAR which has a relatively low velocity and high mass flow rate as compared to the gas flow from the jet outlet 148 (
During a dispensing cycle, the controller 42 may determine that a tablet jam condition is or may be present. Tablets may form a jam at the nozzle inlet 116A, the choke point 124A or the choke point 126A, so that no tablets are sensed passing through the dispensing passage 116 for a prescribed period of time while the forward air flow FF is being generated. In this case, the controller 42 will issue a “backjet” by closing the forward valve 142 and opening the reverse valve 144 as described above for generating the air flows FR, FAR. The air flows FR, FAR may serve to dislodge any jams at the inlet 116A, the choke point 124A, or the choke point 126A as well as to loosen the tablets in the subchamber 120C.
According to some embodiments and as illustrated, the drive jet outlets 146 and the agitation outlet 122C (and/or the drive jet outlet 148 and the agitation outlet 122D) are fluidly connected to the pressurized gas source via the same intake (i.e., the nozzle 134). According to some embodiments and as illustrated, only a single gas source 136 is used to supply both the drive jet outlets 146 and the agitation outlet 122C or both the drive jet outlet 148 and the agitation outlet 122D. According to some embodiments, a single gas source is used to supply all drive jet outlets and agitation outlets.
According to some embodiments, the pressure of the gas supplied to the feed inlet 152D of each air amplifier 150, 160 is substantially the same as the pressure of the gas supplied to each drive jet outlet 146, 148.
In the foregoing manner, agitation air flows FAF, FAR can be provided to facilitate effective and reliable dispensation and return of the tablets T. The air amplifiers 150, 160 may enable effective agitation of tablets in the hopper 120 using a supplied gas flow that would otherwise be insufficient. For example, a compressor having a lower mass flow rate supply capacity may be used for the gas source 136. This may be particularly beneficial where a smaller or quieter compressor may be needed or desired (e.g., in a pharmacy).
Because the air flows FAF, FAR are supplied from a high pressure source suitable to supply the drive jet outlets 146, 148, it is not necessary to provide a separate low pressure, high mass flow rate air supply to perform tablet agitation and, therefore, the associated apparatus (e.g., manifolds, pumps, etc.) can be omitted. Moreover, because the air flows FAF, FAR are supplied from a common (i.e., the same) high pressure gas source 136 as the jets 144, 146, the number of supplies and connections required can be reduced or minimized. As a result, dispensing systems and bins according to embodiments of the present invention may be less expensive and complicated to manufacture and operate.
The divider walls 124, 126 and choke points 124A, 126A may further facilitate smooth and reliable operation of the bin 100, while also allowing for filling the bin 100 with a greater number of tablets. With reference to
The angled orientation of the divider wall 126 with respect to vertical also serves to reduce the forward loading on the tablets T. The angled divider wall 126 may thereby permit a larger amount of tablets to be stored in the hopper chamber 120.
The arrangement of the divider walls 124, 126 may also serve to promote dispensing of the oldest tablets (i.e., the tablets that have been in the hopper chamber 120 longest) first. Generally, newer tablets are added on top of older tablets in the subchamber 120C. Once the bottommost tablets pass through the choke point 126A, they tend not to return to the subchamber 120C even when a backjet is executed.
The air amplifiers 150, 160 can be tuned or adjusted to provide the desired performance in view of other operating parameters (e.g., tablet size, supplied gas flow rate, etc.). One method in accordance with the present invention for adjusting an air amplifier 150, 160 is to replace the shim 153 with a shim that is thicker or thinner, depending on the desired adjustment. The described methods of assembly and adjustment may allow for a relatively low profile air amplifier.
While the bin 100 has been illustrated and described herein with only one front air amplifier 150 and one rear air amplifier 160, fewer or greater numbers of front and rear air amplifiers may be provided. For example, there may be two or more front air amplifiers 150 and/or two or more rear air amplifiers 160. According to some embodiments, the bin may include only a front air amplifier or air amplifiers 150 or, alternatively, only one or more rear air amplifiers 160. The air amplifiers may be arranged and configured in any suitable manner. For example, a row or rows of air amplifiers may extend across the width of the floor 122.
While the bin 100 has been illustrated and described herein with the air amplifier 150 being supplied from the same valve 142 and controlled in group fashion with the drive jet outlets 146 and the air amplifier 160 being supplied from the same valve 144 and controlled in group fashion with the drive jet outlet 148, one or both of the air amplifiers 150, 160 can be separately controlled from the associated jet outlets. For example, a further valve may be provided that controls the gas supply to the air amplifier 150 independently of the jet outlets 146, whereby the tablets T may be agitated via the air amplifier 150 prior to providing the dispensing draw via the jet outlets 146.
According to some embodiments, the agitation outlets 122C, 122D are each sized and shaped such that tablets of the size and shape intended to be dispensed using the bin cannot fall through the outlet 122C, 122D. According to some embodiments and as illustrated, one or both of the agitation outlets 122C, 122D is an elongated slot. Such a shape may serve to prevent a tablet from settling over so much of the area of the outlet 122C, 122D that the Coanda effect is defeated. According to some embodiments, each elongated outlet 122C, 122D has a width of no more than about 2 mm. According to some embodiments, each elongated outlet 122C, 122D has an area of at least about 0.24 in2.
While, in the foregoing description, the valves 142, 144 are controlled by the controller 42, the valves 142, 144 may alternatively be controlled by a local controller unique to each bin 100.
The foregoing is illustrative of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting thereof. Although a few exemplary embodiments of this invention have been described, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that many modifications are possible in the exemplary embodiments without materially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of this invention. Accordingly, all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of this invention. Therefore, it is to be understood that the foregoing is illustrative of the present invention and is not to be construed as limited to the specific embodiments disclosed, and that modifications to the disclosed embodiments, as well as other embodiments, are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
