Claims
- 1-77. (canceled)
- 78. An apparatus for performing electrochemiluminescence assays, comprising:
(a) an ECL-inactive electrode surface having a first assay-ligand immobilized thereon; and (b) an ECL-active microparticle having a second assay ligand immobilized thereon.
- 79. The apparatus of claim 78, further comprising an electrochemiluminescent label.
- 80. The apparatus of claim 79, wherein said electrochemiluminescent label comprises a transition metal complex comprising a metal selected from the group consisting of Ru, Os, Cr, Cu, Ir, Pd, Pt, and Re.
- 81. The apparatus of claim 79, wherein said electrochemiluminescent label comprises ruthenium tris(bipyridyl) or derivatives thereof.
- 82. The apparatus of claim 78, further comprising an electrochemiluminescence co-reactant.
- 83. The apparatus of claim 82, wherein said electrochemiluminescence co-reactant is a tertiary amine.
- 84. The apparatus of claim 78, wherein said ECL-active microparticle comprises a material selected from the group consisting of gold, palladium, platinum, indium and antimony doped tin oxide, polythiophene, and carbon.
- 85. The apparatus of claim 78, wherein said ECL-inactive electrode comprises a material selected from the group consisting of nickel, stainless steel and chemically oxidized metal.
- 86. The apparatus of claim 78, wherein said ECL-active microparticle induces electrochemiluminescence from ruthenium-tris-bipyridyl in the presence of tripropylamine and said ECL-inactive electrode is inactive or weakly induces, relative to said ECL-active microparticle, electrochemiluminescence from ruthenium-tris-bipyridyl in the presence of tripropylamine.
- 87. A method comprising:
(a) forming a mixture comprising an electrochemiluminescent label and a microparticle having a first assay-ligand immobilized thereon; (b) applying electrochemical energy to an electrode surface in the presence of said mixture; and (c) measuring emitted electrochemiluminescence, wherein said microparticle is ECL-active and said electrode surface is ECL-inactive under the conditions of step (b).
- 88. The method of claim 87, wherein said electrode surface has a second assay-ligand immobilized thereon.
- 89. The method of claim 88, further comprising binding said microparticle at said electrode surface.
- 90. The method of claim 87, wherein said electrochemiluminescent label comprises a transition metal complex comprising a metal selected from the group consisting of Ru, Os, Cr, Cu, Ir, Pd, Pt, and Re.
- 91. The method of claim 87, wherein said mixture further comprises an electrochemiluminescence co-reactant.
- 92. The method of claim 91, wherein said electrochemiluminescence co-reactant is a tertiary amine.
- 93. The method of claim 87, wherein said microparticle comprises a material selected from the group consisting of gold, palladium, platinum, indium and antimony doped tin oxide, polythiophene, and carbon.
- 94. The method of claim 87, wherein said electrode comprises a material selected from the group consisting of nickel, stainless steel and chemically oxidized metal.
- 95. The method of claim 87, wherein said microparticle has a size of from 5 nm-10 micrometer.
- 96. The method of claim 87, wherein said microparticle has a size of from 20 nm-200 nm.
- 97. The method of claim 87, wherein said first assay-ligand is selected from the group consisting of consisting of proteins and nucleic acids.
- 98. A method comprising:
(a) binding a microparticle to an electrode surface; (b) contacting the bound microparticle with a solution containing electrochemiluminescent labels; (c) applying electrochemical energy to said electrode surface; and (d) measuring emitted electrochemiluminescence, wherein said microparticle is ECL-active and said electrode surface is ECL-inactive under the conditions of step (b).
- 99. The method of claim 98, wherein said electrochemiluminescent labels comprise a transition metal complex comprising a metal selected from the group consisting of Ru, Os, Cr, Cu, Ir, Pd, Pt, and Re.
- 100. The method of claim 98, wherein said electrochemical energy is applied in the presence of an electrochemiluminescence co-reactant.
- 101. The method of claim 100, wherein said electrochemiluminescence co-reactant is a tertiary amine.
- 102. The method of claim 98, wherein said binding is accomplished through the binding of a first assay-ligand on said microparticle and a second assay-ligand on said electrode to an analyte forming a sandwich complex.
- 103. The method of claim 98, wherein said microparticle comprises a material selected from the group consisting of gold, palladium, platinum, indium and antimony doped tin oxide, polythiophene, and carbon.
- 104. The method of claim 98, wherein said electrode comprises a material selected from the group consisting of nickel, stainless steel and chemically oxidized metal.
- 105. The method of claim 98, wherein said microparticle has a size of from 5 nm-10 micrometer.
- 106. The method of claim 98, wherein said microparticle has a size of from 20 nm-200 nm.
- 107. The method of claim 102, wherein said first assay-ligand is selected from the group consisting of consisting of proteins and nucleic acids.
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/954,355 (Attorney Docket No. 370068-9045), filed Oct. 20, 1997, incorporated herein by reference, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/437,348 (Attorney Docket No. 370068-9040), filed May 9, 1995 (now U.S. Patent No. ______), incorporated herein by reference.
Divisions (1)
|
Number |
Date |
Country |
Parent |
09896962 |
Jun 2001 |
US |
Child |
10884536 |
Jul 2004 |
US |
Continuations (1)
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Number |
Date |
Country |
Parent |
08998137 |
Dec 1997 |
US |
Child |
09896962 |
Jun 2001 |
US |