The present disclosure relates generally to consumer monitoring and, more particularly, to methods and apparatus to monitor shoppers in a retail environment.
Retail establishments and product manufacturers are often interested in the shopping activities, behaviors, and/or habits of people in a retail environment. Consumer activity related to shopping can be used to correlate product sales with particular shopping behaviors and/or to improve placements of products, advertisements, and/or other product-related information in a retail environment. Known techniques for monitoring consumer activities in retail establishments include conducting surveys, counting patrons, and/or conducting visual inspections of shoppers or patrons in the retail establishments.
Acquiring information related to shopping activities, behaviors, and/or habits of people in a retail environment enables retail establishments to arrange their store and product layouts in a manner that is most conducive to maximizing sales of such products by positively influencing shoppers. Acquiring such information also enables product manufacturers to design product packaging that influences shoppers exhibiting certain behaviors or shopping patterns and/or to design different product packaging to target different shopper behaviors, patterns, or habits associated with different geographic areas. Advertisers can also benefit from metering shopping activities, behaviors, and/or habits of people in a retail environment by using such information to create more effective advertisements and/or position advertisements in more opportune locations within different retail establishments. In addition, advertisers can assess which advertisements are more effective than others.
Although the following discloses example methods and apparatus including, among other components, software executed on hardware, it should be noted that such methods and apparatus are merely illustrative and should not be considered as limiting. For example, it is contemplated that any or all of these hardware and software components could be embodied exclusively in hardware, exclusively in software, or in any combination of hardware and software. Accordingly, while the following describes example methods, systems, and apparatus, persons having ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate that the examples provided are not the only way to implement such methods, systems, and apparatus.
The example methods and apparatus described herein may be implemented by a consumer metering entity, by a retail business, or by any other entity interested in collecting and/or analyzing information to monitor persons in a monitored environment. For example, the example methods and apparatus may be used to monitor shopper traffic and quantities of shoppers in a retail establishment. The example methods and apparatus can be used to determine shopper locations associated with shopper traffic and the times at which locations of those shoppers are detected. In addition, paths of travel of different shoppers can be determined. The example methods and apparatus may be used to help marketing and media professionals better understand the amount of shopper traffic and shopper traffic trends in retail establishments. Such information may be used to determine how to reach and influence shoppers that buy goods in retail establishments. For example, by monitoring in-store shopper quantities and traffic, the example methods and apparatus described herein can be used to determine when shopper traffic is heaviest and lightest and to determine locations most frequented in a retail establishment.
In the illustrated examples described below, each location in a monitored environment (e.g., a retail establishment) at which traffic is to be monitored is provided with a stationary transmitter module and a stationary receiver module located some distance away from the stationary transmitter module sufficient to allow a person and a shopping cart to move between the transmitter and receiver modules. The stationary transmitter module transmits two separate signals (e.g., infrared signals). In particular, the stationary transmitter module transmits a first one of the signals toward the stationary receiver module in a substantially continuous fashion. The stationary receiver module is provided with two horizontally spaced sensors used to detect reception of the first signal and to detect when the first signal is obstructed by a passing person or shopping cart. The sensors are horizontally spaced to detect the direction of travel of a person as described below. When a person or shopping cart traverses the first signal, the resulting temporary blocking of the signal causes the stationary receiver module to generate an event indicating that something (e.g., a person or a shopping cart) has been detected as traversing the first signal. The stationary receiver module then records a direction of travel for that person and increments a count value corresponding to that person and the detected direction of travel. The quantity of people in a shopping aisle at any one time can be determined using two stationary transmitter/receiver module pairs at both ends of the aisle and keeping separate entering count and exiting count values for each of the transmitter/receiver module pairs.
To monitor paths of travel of shoppers through a retail establishment, each shopping cart and/or shopping basket of a retail establishment is provided with a mobile tag having signal receiving capabilities. The second signal transmitted by the stationary transmitter module is transmitted at a suitable angle relative to the first infrared signal toward a location at which mobile tags coupled to shopping carts or shopping baskets can detect the second signal. The second signal is encoded with a location identification code indicative of a location (e.g., a shopping aisle) proximate the stationary transmitter module or in which the stationary transmitter module is placed. In this manner, when a person moves a cart or basket proximate to or adjacent the stationary transmitter module, the mobile tag detects the second signal and stores the location identification code transmitted via the second signal. In this manner, the mobile tag stores all of the location identification codes collected during a shopping trip and the codes can subsequently be analyzed to determine a path of travel of the person. Further structural features, operations, configurations, and aspects of the example methods and apparatus are described below in connection with the illustrated figures.
In the illustrated example, the retail establishment 100 is provided with stationary transmitter modules 104a-i and stationary receiver modules 106a-f to monitor shopper quantities and paths traveled by shoppers through the retail establishment 100. In the illustrated example, a shopping cart 108 and a shopping basket 110 are each provided with a respective mobile tag 112a and 112b (i.e., a mobile receiver module). The mobile tags 112a-b are configured to work in cooperation with the stationary transmitter modules 104a-i to track the movements of shoppers or paths traveled by shoppers throughout the retail establishment 100. In the illustrated example, the stationary transmitter modules 104g-i are located at check counters 111. Codes transmitted by the stationary transmitter modules 104g-i are indicative of their respective checkout counters 111 and are used to indicate that a person has ended a shopping trip as discussed below in connection with
In the illustrated example, all of the stationary transmitter modules 104a-i are substantially similar or identical, all of the stationary receiver modules 106a-f are substantially similar or identical, and all of the mobile tags 112a-b are substantially similar or identical. The stationary transmitter modules 104a-i, the stationary receiver modules 106a-f, and the mobile tags 112a-b are discussed in greater detail below in connection with
The retail establishment 100 is also provided with a plurality of wireless communication repeaters 114 that are wirelessly communicatively coupled to the stationary receiver modules 106a-f, the mobile tags 112a-b, and a local in-store server 116 located in or proximate to the retail establishment 100. The stationary receiver modules 106a-f and the mobile tags 112a-b wirelessly communicate collected information (e.g., shopper counts, travel direction information, location identification or zone identifier information, etc.) to the in-store server 116 directly or via the wireless communication repeaters 114. In the illustrated example, the quantity of repeaters 114 located throughout the retail establishment 100 is selected to ensure sufficient wireless communication coverage throughout the establishment 100 so that the stationary receiver modules 106a-f and the mobile tags 112a-b can communicate information from different locations.
In the illustrated example, the in-store server 116 is communicatively coupled to a server 118 in a central facility 120 via a telephone line, a broadband internet connection, a wireless cellular connection, and/or any other suitable communication interface. In this manner, the in-store server 116 can communicate information received from the stationary receiver modules 106a-f and the mobile tags 112a-b to the server 118 for subsequent analyses. In this manner, the in-store server 116 and/or the server 118 can analyze person counts, directions of travel, and paths of travel.
Each of the stationary receiver modules 106a-f stores entries including directions of travel information indicative of times at which people were detected as entering or exiting respective areas (e.g., respective ones of the zones 102a-h). In addition, each of the stationary receiver modules 106a-f stores two count values, one of which is an entering count value and the other an exiting count value. The entering count value is indicative of all the people that have been detected as entering a respective zone, and the exiting count value is indicative of all the people that have been detected as exiting a respective zone. At any given time, the count values can be used to determine how many people are in a particular zone at that time. For example, referring to zone (2) 102b of
As shown in
In the illustrated example, the person detection signal 202 and the location identification signal 204 are implemented using infrared light sources. In other example implementations, other suitable types of signals may be used instead including, for example, near-infrared signals or visible light signals.
As shown, the stationary transmitter module 104a is coupled to a battery module 304 to receive electrical power to perform its operations. In the illustrated example, the stationary transmitter and receiver modules 104a and 106a are powered via batteries to avoid having to run electrical power lines through a monitored establishment where none are otherwise readily available. In some example implementations in which electrical power lines are readily available, the stationary transmitter and receiver modules 104a and 106a can alternatively be configured to be powered using the electrical power (e.g., alternating current, direct current, etc.).
The controller 502 can periodically or aperidocally determine the health information 604 (e.g., remaining battery power or battery life of the battery 304 of
In the illustrated example, the memory 504 can also store instructions to cause the controller 502 to control transmissions of the signals 202 and 204 based on certain timing parameters or transmission pattern parameters. For example, to transmit the data 600 with sufficient frequency to ensure detection by any mobile tag 112a that is moved between the stationary transmitter and receiver modules 104a and 106a, the controller 502 can transmit the data 600 at suitable time intervals.
To enable the stationary receiver module 106a to communicate the information stored in the data memory 706 to the in-store server 116 (
To enable detection of the person detection signal 202, the stationary receiver module 106a is provided with an infrared sensor A 710 and an infrared sensor B 712. The sensors 710 and 712 are communicatively coupled to the controller 702 to alert the computer when each has detected an obstruction of the person detection signal 202 by no longer detecting reception of the signal 202. That is, while a person, cart, or basket is not moving between the stationary transmitter module 104a and the stationary receiver module 106a, the sensors 710 and 712 substantially continuously receive the person detection signal 202. When a person, cart, or basket moves between the transmitter 104a and the receiver 106a as shown in
Turning to
In the illustrated example, the mobile tag 112a is provided with a wireless communication transceiver 908 to enable the controller 902 to wirelessly communicate the information stored in the data memory 906 to the in-store server 116 (
In the illustrated example, the mobile tag 112a can be implemented using an internal antenna 910. In this manner, a housing of the mobile tag 112a can protect the internal antenna 910 from damage. In the illustrated example, the wireless transceiver 908, the battery/communication module 302 (
To detect the location identification code 603 (
In the illustrated example, the mobile tag 112a is provided with a battery 916 to power the controller 902, the memories 904 and 906, the wireless transceiver 908, and the sensors 912 and 914. The battery 916 may be rechargeable and/or replaceable. In operation, to conserve power in the battery 916, the controller 902 can be configured to remain in a low-power mode (e.g., a sleep mode, a standby mode, etc.) until either of the infrared sensors 912 or 914 detects an infrared signal. For example, when the infrared sensor 912 detects an infrared signal, it alerts the controller 902 to cause the controller 902 to wake up (e.g., via an interrupt). The controller 902 then determines whether the detected infrared signal included the start code 602 (
The entering count value 1008 indicates the number of people (e.g., shoppers) that have entered an area (e.g., the zone (2) 102b of
As shown in
Each of the direction entries 1014, indicates the direction of travel (entering or exiting an area) for each person detected as passing between the stationary transmitter module 104a and the stationary receiver module 106a. The duration entries 1016 indicate the durations lapsed between the detection of persons corresponding to corresponding ones of the timestamp entries 1012 and direction entries 1014. In operation, when the stationary receiver module 106a detects a person, the controller 702 determines the direction of travel of the person and stores the direction of travel as one of the direction entries 1014 in association with a corresponding one of the timestamps indicative of when the person was detected. In addition, the controller 702 determines a corresponding duration entry value 1016 by subtracting the timestamp from an immediately previously generated timestamp of an immediately previous direction entry 1014.
In the illustrated example, the stationary receiver module 106a is configured to transmit the battery status information 1002, the blocking status information 1004, the software version information 1006, the count values 1008, 1010, the timestamp entries 1012, the direction entries 1014, and the duration entries 1016 to the in-store server 116 when the data memory 706 is full, at predetermined time intervals, and/or upon determining that reception of the person detection signal 202 is no longer detected at the sensors 710 and 712 (and, thus, the block status 1004 is set). By communicating the blocking status information 1004 to the in-store server 116 when it indicates that an obstruction is present (or that the person detection signal 202 is otherwise not detected), the server 116 can notify a person to remove the obstruction and/or fix the infrared source A 506 and/or one or both of the infrared sensors 710 and 712.
In the illustrated example, the entries 1102, 1104, and 1106 are representative of two different shopping trips 1108 and 1110 that ended by passing through the checkout counters 111 (
Also shown in the illustrated example of
In some instances, shoppers may walk through the retail establishment 100 with a cart or a basket having one of the mobile tags 112a-b and ending their shopping trip without going through one of the check out counters 111 (
Flow diagrams depicted in
Turning to
Initially, the controller 702 (
When an obstruction of the person detection signal 202 has occurred at one of the infrared sensors 710 and 712 (block 1204), the controller 702 responds to the obstruction event by generating a first timestamp (block 1206) indicative of the time at which the obstruction occurred. The controller 702 determines whether an obstruction event of the person detection signal 202 has been detected at the other one of the infrared sensors 710 and 712 (block 1208). When the obstruction at the other one of the infrared sensors 710 and 712 is detected (block 1208), the controller 702 responds to the obstruction event by generating a second timestamp (block 1210) indicative of the time at which the second obstruction occurred.
The controller 702 determines whether the obstructions from the infrared sensors 710 and 712 have been cleared (block 1212). If the obstructions have not been cleared (block 1212), the controller 702 determines whether a time threshold has been exceeded (block 1214) based on, for example, the first or second timestamp. If the time threshold has not been exceeded, control returns to block 1212. Otherwise, if the time threshold has been exceeded, the controller sets a block status flag (block 1216) by, for example, storing a value in the block status information 1004 of
If at block 1212 the controller 702 detects that the obstructions detected at blocks 1204 and 1208 have been cleared from the infrared sensors 710 and 712, control continues to block 1220, at which point the controller 702 determines the direction of travel of the detected person (or shopping cart or shopping basket) (block 1220). For example, the controller 702 can determine the direction of travel based on the first and second timestamps generated at blocks 1206 and 1210 as discussed above in connection with
The controller 702 then increments one of the count values 1008 and 1010 of
After the controller 702 stores the information at block 1226 or if the controller 702 determines that it has not detected an obstruction at block 1204 or after the controller sets the block status information 1004 at block 1216, the controller 702 determines whether it should transfer data stored in the data memory 706 to the in-store server 116 (block 1228). For example, data transfers may be scheduled based on particular times of day or predetermined time intervals. Additionally or alternatively, the controller 702 can perform a data transfer when the amount of data in the data memory 706 is approaching a maximum capacity. In the illustrated example, the controller 702 is configured to transfer the data in the data memory 706 any time the block status information 1004 was set at block 1216 to indicate that an obstruction is interfering with the operation of the stationary receiver module 106a.
If the controller 702 determines that it should transfer the data (block 1228), the controller 702 transmits the data (e.g., the data described above in connection with the data structure 1000 of
When the controller 702 receives an acknowledgement from the in-store server 116 indicating that it has successfully received all the data (block 1232), the controller 702 deletes the data from the data memory 706 (block 1234). However, if the controller 702 does not receive an acknowledgement from the in-store server 116, it does not delete the data from the data memory 706. In any case, the controller 702 determines whether it should stop monitoring (block 1236). For example, the controller 702 may stop monitoring if the stationary receiver module 106a has been turned off, if a battery level is too low, if an obstruction of or otherwise failure to receive the person detection signal 202 has been detected, or if the data memory 706 is filled to a maximum capacity and cannot store more information. If the controller 702 determines that it should not stop monitoring (block 1236), control returns to block 1202 of
Turning now to
If the controller 902 determines that the start code 602 is present (block 1304), the controller 902 generates a timestamp (block 1306) such as, for example, one of the timestamps of the timestamp entries 1102 of
After the controller 902 stores the information at block 1310 or if the controller 902 determines that the start code 602 is not present in a detected infrared signal at block 1304 or if an infrared signal is not detected at block 1302, the controller 902 determines whether it should transfer data stored in the data memory 906 to the in-store server 116 (block 1312). For example, data transfers may be scheduled based on particular times of day or predetermined time intervals. Additionally or alternatively, the controller 902 can perform a data transfer when the amount of data in the data memory 906 is approaching a maximum capacity.
If the controller 902 determines that it should transfer the data (block 1312), the controller 902 transmits the data (e.g., the data described above in connection with the data structure 1100 of
When the controller 902 receives an acknowledgement from the in-store server 116 indicating that it has successfully received all the data (block 1316), the controller 902 deletes the data from the data memory 906 (block 1318). However, if the controller 902 does not receive an acknowledgement from the in-store server 116, it does not delete the data from the data memory 906. In this manner, the controller 902 can subsequently attempt to communicate the data to the in-store server 116 again. In any case, the controller 902 determines whether it should stop monitoring (block 1320). For example, the controller 902 may stop monitoring if the mobile tag 112a has been turned off, if a battery level is too low, or if the data memory 906 is filled to a maximum capacity and cannot store more information. If the controller 902 determines that it should not stop monitoring (block 1320), control returns to block 1302 of
Although the above description refers to the flowcharts as being representative of methods, those methods may be implemented entirely or in part by executing machine readable instructions. Therefore, the flowcharts are representative of methods and machine readable instructions.
Although certain methods, apparatus, and articles of manufacture have been described herein, the scope of coverage of this patent is not limited thereto. To the contrary, this patent covers all methods, apparatus, and articles of manufacture fairly falling within the scope of the appended claims either literally or under the doctrine of equivalents.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
4373133 | Clyne et al. | Feb 1983 | A |
4779198 | Lurie | Oct 1988 | A |
4799243 | Zepke | Jan 1989 | A |
4930011 | Kiewit | May 1990 | A |
4955000 | Nastrom | Sep 1990 | A |
4973952 | Malec et al. | Nov 1990 | A |
4990892 | Guest et al. | Feb 1991 | A |
5014206 | Scribner et al. | May 1991 | A |
5119104 | Heller | Jun 1992 | A |
5138638 | Frey | Aug 1992 | A |
5146231 | Ghaem et al. | Sep 1992 | A |
5287266 | Malec et al. | Feb 1994 | A |
5294781 | Takahashi et al. | Mar 1994 | A |
5321396 | Lamming et al. | Jun 1994 | A |
5387993 | Heller et al. | Feb 1995 | A |
5465115 | Conrad et al. | Nov 1995 | A |
5485347 | Miura | Jan 1996 | A |
5541835 | Dextraze et al. | Jul 1996 | A |
5559496 | Dubats | Sep 1996 | A |
5583776 | Levi et al. | Dec 1996 | A |
5633946 | Lachinski et al. | May 1997 | A |
5640002 | Ruppert et al. | Jun 1997 | A |
5640144 | Russo et al. | Jun 1997 | A |
5692215 | Kutzik et al. | Nov 1997 | A |
5712830 | Ross et al. | Jan 1998 | A |
5764283 | Pingali et al. | Jun 1998 | A |
5774876 | Woolley et al. | Jun 1998 | A |
5815114 | Speasl et al. | Sep 1998 | A |
5920261 | Hughes et al. | Jul 1999 | A |
5969755 | Courtney | Oct 1999 | A |
5973732 | Guthrie | Oct 1999 | A |
6054950 | Fontana | Apr 2000 | A |
6091956 | Hollenberg | Jul 2000 | A |
6104295 | Gaisser et al. | Aug 2000 | A |
6154139 | Heller | Nov 2000 | A |
6211790 | Radomsky et al. | Apr 2001 | B1 |
6252522 | Hampton et al. | Jun 2001 | B1 |
6259991 | Nysen | Jul 2001 | B1 |
6302802 | Pao | Oct 2001 | B1 |
6323807 | Golding et al. | Nov 2001 | B1 |
6327573 | Walker et al. | Dec 2001 | B1 |
6386450 | Ogasawara | May 2002 | B1 |
6396413 | Hines et al. | May 2002 | B2 |
6424264 | Giraldin et al. | Jul 2002 | B1 |
6430498 | Maruyama et al. | Aug 2002 | B1 |
6433689 | Hovind et al. | Aug 2002 | B1 |
6470264 | Bide | Oct 2002 | B2 |
6493649 | Jones et al. | Dec 2002 | B1 |
6563423 | Smith | May 2003 | B2 |
6577238 | Whitesmith et al. | Jun 2003 | B1 |
6614721 | Bokhour | Sep 2003 | B2 |
6657543 | Chung | Dec 2003 | B1 |
6697104 | Yakobi et al. | Feb 2004 | B1 |
6697628 | Green et al. | Feb 2004 | B1 |
6748317 | Maruyama et al. | Jun 2004 | B2 |
6765484 | Eagleson et al. | Jul 2004 | B2 |
6838992 | Tenarvitz | Jan 2005 | B2 |
6898434 | Pradhan et al. | May 2005 | B2 |
6911908 | Beart | Jun 2005 | B1 |
6912507 | Phillips et al. | Jun 2005 | B1 |
6919803 | Breed | Jul 2005 | B2 |
6928343 | Cato | Aug 2005 | B2 |
6940403 | Kail, IV | Sep 2005 | B2 |
6951305 | Overhultz et al. | Oct 2005 | B2 |
6970131 | Percy et al. | Nov 2005 | B2 |
6992582 | Hill et al. | Jan 2006 | B2 |
7006982 | Sorensen | Feb 2006 | B2 |
7021535 | Overhultz et al. | Apr 2006 | B2 |
7038619 | Percy et al. | May 2006 | B2 |
7046162 | Dunstant | May 2006 | B2 |
7069238 | I'Anson et al. | Jun 2006 | B2 |
7076441 | Hind et al. | Jul 2006 | B2 |
7080061 | Kabala | Jul 2006 | B2 |
7099676 | Law et al. | Aug 2006 | B2 |
7148803 | Bandy et al. | Dec 2006 | B2 |
7183910 | Alvarez et al. | Feb 2007 | B2 |
7229023 | Raskar | Jun 2007 | B2 |
7295108 | Corrado et al. | Nov 2007 | B2 |
7319479 | Crabtree et al. | Jan 2008 | B1 |
7415510 | Kramerich et al. | Aug 2008 | B1 |
7420464 | Fitzgerald et al. | Sep 2008 | B2 |
7448548 | Compton | Nov 2008 | B1 |
7460827 | Schuster et al. | Dec 2008 | B2 |
7463143 | Forr et al. | Dec 2008 | B2 |
7466262 | Stephens | Dec 2008 | B2 |
7471987 | Crystal et al. | Dec 2008 | B2 |
7475813 | Swanson, Sr. | Jan 2009 | B2 |
7602339 | Fullerton et al. | Oct 2009 | B2 |
7679522 | Carpenter | Mar 2010 | B2 |
7701347 | Richards | Apr 2010 | B2 |
7739705 | Lee et al. | Jun 2010 | B2 |
7843379 | Menzer et al. | Nov 2010 | B2 |
7848964 | Bonner et al. | Dec 2010 | B2 |
7880608 | Richards et al. | Feb 2011 | B2 |
20020002504 | Engel et al. | Jan 2002 | A1 |
20030055707 | Busche et al. | Mar 2003 | A1 |
20030146871 | Karr et al. | Aug 2003 | A1 |
20030171833 | Crystal et al. | Sep 2003 | A1 |
20030222819 | Karr et al. | Dec 2003 | A1 |
20030222820 | Karr et al. | Dec 2003 | A1 |
20030227386 | Pulkkinen | Dec 2003 | A1 |
20040027271 | Schuster et al. | Feb 2004 | A1 |
20040039855 | Bohrer et al. | Feb 2004 | A1 |
20040072577 | Myllymaki et al. | Apr 2004 | A1 |
20040224703 | Takaki et al. | Nov 2004 | A1 |
20050006466 | Overhultz et al. | Jan 2005 | A1 |
20050035857 | Zhang et al. | Feb 2005 | A1 |
20050141345 | Holm et al. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
20050200476 | Forr et al. | Sep 2005 | A1 |
20050201826 | Zhang et al. | Sep 2005 | A1 |
20050203798 | Jensen et al. | Sep 2005 | A1 |
20050234774 | Dupree | Oct 2005 | A1 |
20050243784 | Fitzgerald et al. | Nov 2005 | A1 |
20050246092 | Moscatiello | Nov 2005 | A1 |
20060053110 | McDonald et al. | Mar 2006 | A1 |
20060065489 | Oh et al. | Mar 2006 | A1 |
20060106674 | Muller | May 2006 | A1 |
20060109125 | Overhultz et al. | May 2006 | A1 |
20060111961 | McQuivey | May 2006 | A1 |
20060136285 | Alvarez et al. | Jun 2006 | A1 |
20060186201 | Hart | Aug 2006 | A1 |
20060200378 | Sorensen | Sep 2006 | A1 |
20070018811 | Gollu | Jan 2007 | A1 |
20070225879 | French et al. | Sep 2007 | A1 |
20080008472 | Dress et al. | Jan 2008 | A1 |
20080074264 | Sharpe et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
20080077502 | Boyd | Mar 2008 | A1 |
20080140479 | Mello et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
20080147461 | Lee et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
20080294476 | Dupre et al. | Nov 2008 | A1 |
20080294487 | Nasser | Nov 2008 | A1 |
20090037575 | Crystal | Feb 2009 | A1 |
20100199296 | Lee et al. | Aug 2010 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
2004086337 | Oct 2004 | WO |
2006052386 | May 2006 | WO |
2006058274 | Jun 2006 | WO |
Entry |
---|
International Searching Authority, “International Search Report”, for counterpart PCT application Serial No. PCT/US2008/068786, mailed Jan. 16, 2009 (2 pages). |
International Searching Authority, “Written Opinion”, for counterpart PCT application Serial No. PCT/US2008/068786, mailed Jan. 16, 2009 (4 pages). |
Sirohi, Niren et al., “A model of Consumer Perceptions and Store Loyalty Intentions for a Supermarket Retailer”, Journal of Retailing, v74, n2, Summer, 1998 (15 pages). |
Patent Cooperation Treaty, “International Preliminary Report on Patentability”, for PCT application Serial No. PCT/US2008/068786, mailed Jan. 5, 2011 (5 pages). |
Fang et al., “Design of a Wireless Assisted Pedestrian Dead Reckoning System—The NavMote Experience,” vol. 54, Issue 6, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Dec. 2005 (16 pages). |
Bernstein et al., “An Introduction to Map Matching for Personal Navigation Assistants,” New Jersey TIDE Center, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Aug. 1996 (17 pages). |
McCarthy et al., “RF Free Ultrasonic Positioning,” Department of Computer Science, University of Bristol, U.K., 2003 (7 pages). |
McCarthy et al., “RF Free Ultrasonic Positioning (Presentation),” 7th International Symposiom on Wearable Computers, Oct. 2003 (12 pages). |
Gentile et al., “Robust Location using System Dynamics and Motion Constraints,” National Institute of Standards and Technology, Wireless Communication Technologies Group, Jun. 24, 2004 (5 pages). |
Cricket Project, “Cricket v2 User Manual,” MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab, Cambridge, U.S.A., Jan. 2005 (57 pages). |
Holm, Sverre, “Technology Presentation,” [online]. Sonitor Technologies, May 26, 2004 [retrieved on Oct. 13, 2004]. Retrieved from the Internet: <URL: www.sonitor.com/news/article.asp?id=62> (16 pages). |
“The Nibble Location System,” [online]. UCLA, May 21, 2001 [retrieved on Nov. 2, 2004]. Retrieved from the Internet: <URL: http://mmsl.cs.ucla.edu/nibble/>. (13 pages). |
“New Sonitor Patent Combines Ultrasound and RFID,” [online]. Sonitor Technologies, Feb. 17, 2005 [retrieved on Jun. 13, 2005]. Retrieved from the Internet: <URL: http://sonitor.com/news/article.asp?id=73>. (1 page). |
“NIST Location System,” [online]. Wireless Communication Technologies Group, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Mar. 12, 2004 [retrieved in Nov. 1, 2004]. Retrieved from the Internet: <URL: www.antd.nist.gov>. (2 pages). |
Ferguson, Michael. “XTension Tech Notes,” [online]. Sand Hill Engineering Inc., Dec. 10, 1998 [retrieved in Jan. 12, 2004]. Retrieved from the Internet: <URL: http://www.shed.com/articles/TN.proximity.html >. (9 pages). |
“FM Wireless Microphone Module Kits,” [online]. Horizon Industries, 2004 [retrieved on Sep. 30, 2004]. Retrieved from the Internet: <URL: www.horizonindustries.com/fm.htm>. (1 page). |
“Arkon Sound Feeder II FM Transmitter,” [online]. Yahoo Shopping, 2002 [retrieved on Sep. 29, 2004]. Retrieved from the Internet: <URL: http://store.yahoo.com/semsons-inc/arsoundfeedii.html>. (2 pages). |
“Dust Networks—SmartMesh,” [online]. Dust Networks Inc., 2002 [retrieved on Sep. 29, 2004]. Retrieved from the Internet: <URL: www.dustnetworks.com>. (2 pages). |
Kanellos, Michael. “Dust Makes Mesh of Wireless Sensors,” [online]. CNET News.com, Sep. 20, 2004 [retrieved on Sep. 29, 2004]. Retrieved from the Internet: <URL: http://www.news.com/Dust-makes-mesh-of-wireless-sensors/2100-1008—3-5374971.html ?tag=item>. (2 pages). |
“UHF Radio Data Logging System—Genii Data Logger,” [online]. Amplicon, 2004 [retrieved on Sep. 29, 2004]. Retrieved from the Internet: <URL: www.amplicon.co.uk/drprod3.cfm/subsecid/10037/secid/l/groupid/1 1809.htm>. (3 pages). |
“Eltek Genii Radio Data Logging System,” [online]. Eltek Ltd., 2004 [retrieved on Sep. 29, 2004]. Retrieved from the Internet: <URL: www.elteckdataloggers.co.uk>. (4 pages). |
“Discovery Spy Motion Tracking System,” [online]. Discovery Communications Inc., 2004 [retrieved on Sep. 14, 2004]. Retrieved from the Internet: <URL: http:// shopping.discovery. com/stores/servlet/ProductDisplay?catalogid=1OOOO&storeid=1OOOO&lanlan=-l&productld=53867&partnumber=689638>. (3 pages). |
Schuman, Evan. “Smarter Smart Cart?” [online]. Storefront Backtalk, Feb. 16, 2005 [retrieved on Nov. 20, 2006]. Retrieved from the Internet: <URL: www.storefrontbacktalk.com>. (5 pages). |
“University Library Navigation Enabled by Ekahau,” [online]. Directions Magazine, Jun. 12, 2003 [Aug. 3, 2007]. Retrieved from the Internet: <URL: http://www/directionsmag.com/press.releases/index.php?duty=Show&id=7276&trv=l>. (3 pages). |
Yeung, K.L., & Yum, T.-S.P. “A Comparative Study on Location Tracking Strategies in Cellular Mobile Radio Systems,” Global Telecommunications Conference, 1995. Globecom '95, IEEE, Nov. 14-26, 1995 (pp. 22-28 vol. 1). |
Handy et al., “Lessons Learned from Developing a Bluetooth Multiplayer-Game,” 2nd International Conference on Pervasive Computing, Workshop on Gaming, [retrieved from internet, http://www.ipsi.fraunhofer.de/ambiente/pervasivegaming/papers/Handy—Pervasive2004.pdf ] (pp. 7). |
Battiti, Roberto, et al. “Location-Aware Computing: a Neutral Network Model for Determining Location in Wireless LANS” University of Trento: Department of Information and Communication Technology, Technical Report #DIT-02-0083, Feb. 2002 (pp. 1-16). |
Azondekon et al., “Service Selection in Networks Based on Proximity Confirmation Using Infrared”, http://www.scs.carleton.ca/˜barbeau/Publications/2002/azondekon.pdf, International Conference on Telecommunications (ICT) Beijing, 2002 (5 Pages). |
Bahl et al., “A Software System for Locating Mobile Users: Design, Evaluation, and Lessons”, Technical Report MSRTR-2000-12 Microsoft Research, [retrieved from internet, http://research.microsoft.com/˜bahl/Papers/Pdf/radar.pdf], Feb. 2000 (13 Pages). |
“Out of the Lab and into the Field: A Report on the Extended Field Test of Arbitron's Portable People Meter in Manchester, England, ”XP-002978594, Arbitron, 2000, 23 Pages. |
“Ekahau Site Survey—Ekahau: Features,” [online]. Ekahau, Inc., [retrieved on Mar. 12, 2004]. Retrieved from the Internet: <URL: http://www.ekahau.com/products/sitesurvey/ess20—features.html>. (3 pages). |
“Ekahau Positioning Engine 2.1—Ekahau,” [online]. Ekahau, Inc., [retrieved on Mar. 12, 2004]. Retrieved from the Internet: <URL: http://www.ekahau.com/products/positioningengine/>. (3 pages). |
“Ekahau Positioning Engine 2.1 specifications—Ekahau,” [online]. Ekahau, Inc., [retrieved on Mar. 12, 2004]. Retrieved from the Internet: <URL: http://www.ekahau.com/products/positioningengine/epe20—specifications.html>. (2 pages). |
“Ekahau Positioning Engine 2.1 requirements—Ekahau,” [online]. Ekahau, Inc., [retrieved on Mar. 12, 2004]. Retrieved from the Internet: <URL: http://www.ekahau.com/products/positioningengine/epe20—requirements.html>. (2 pages). |
“Ekahau Positioning Engine 2.1 Case Studies—Ekahau,” [online]. Ekahau, Inc., [retrieved on Mar. 12, 2004]. Retrieved from the Internet: <URL: http://www.ekahau.com/products/positioningengine/epe20—casestudies.html>. (2 pages). |
“Ekahau Site Survey—Ekahau: Site Survey™ 2.0,” [online]. Ekahau, Inc., [retrieved on Mar. 12, 2004]. Retrieved from the Internet: <URL: http://www.ekahau.com/products/sitesurvey/>. (3 pages). |
“Ekahau Site Survey—Ekahau: Quick-FAQ,” [online]. Ekahau, Inc., [retrieved on Mar. 12, 2004]. Retrieved from the Internet: <URL: http://www.ekahau.com/products/sitesurvey/ess20—faq.html>. (4 pages). |
“Ekahau Positioning Engine 2.1 Features—Ekahau: Positioning in 802.11 b Networks,” [online]. Ekahau, Inc., [retrieved on Mar. 12 ,2004]. Retrieved from the Internet: <URL: http://www.ekahau.com/products/positioningengine/epe20—features.html>. (2 pages). |
“Ekahau Positioning Engine 2.1 Data Sheet”. Ekahau, Inc., Nov. 24, 2003 (2 pages). |
“DRM-III OEM Circuit Module,” [online]. Point Research Corporation, Apr. 1, 2004, [retrieved on Jul. 2, 2010]. Retrieved from the Internet: <URL: http://web.archive.org/web/20040401214 737/http://pointresearch.com/drm3module.htm>. (3 pages). |
Gaynor et al., “RF Tracking,” Boston University (7 pages). |
Trolley Scan (PTY) LTD, “Trolleyponder®/ EcoTag®: Small and medium Production Systems”, http://trolley.co.za/isosys.html (5 Pages). |
RFID Journal, “New Energy-Efficient RFID Tag”, http://www.rfidjournal.com/article/articleprint/718/-1/1, 2002 (2 Pages). |
Clark, Julie. “Shopping with Detectives: Customer Tracking Takes the Mystery out of Store Design (The Digital Store),” Display and Design Ideas, May 2002 (v14, n5, p48, 2 pages). |
Ultrasound Detector D 100, User Manuel, 2 pages. |
Goliath Solutions How it Works, retrieved from http://www/goliathsolutions.com/html/how—it—works/how—it—works.htm, on or before Jul. 14, 2006, 3 pages. |
Bahl et al., “Enhancements to the RADAR User Location and Tracking System,” Technical Report MSRTR-2000-12: Microsoft Research, http://research.microsoft.com/˜padmanab/papers/msr-tr-2000-1 2.pdf, Feb. 2000 (13 Pages). |
Falk et al.,“ Pirates: Proximity-Triggered Interaction in a Multi-Player Game,”. http://www.playresearch.com/, 2001 (2 Pages). |
Rekimoto et al., “CyberCode: Designing Augmented Reality Environments with Visual Tags,” http://www. csl.sony.co.jp/person/rekimoto/papers/dare2000.pdf, 2000 ( 10 Pages). |
Wilson et al, “The Narrator: A daily Activity Summarizer using Simple Sensors in an Instrumented Environment,” www.cs.cmu.edu/˜dwilson/papers/wilsonUBICOMP2003DEMO.pdf, 2003 (4 Pages). |
Shen et al., “RemoteEyes: A Remote Low-Cost position Sensing Infrastructure for Ubiquitous Computing,” http://hct.ece.ubc.ca/publications/pdf/shen-etal-inss2004.pdf, 2004 (5 Pages). |
TRAF-SYS People Counting Systems, “Thermal Sensor Installation (wireless),” revised Dec. 15, 2008, retrieved from http://www.trafsys.com/media/6980/thermal—sensor(wireless )—installation.pdf, 24 pages. |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20090326807 A1 | Dec 2009 | US |