Patent Application
20080114836
Embodiments are related to digital media. More particularly, embodiments are related to the distribution of digital media.
Digital media has become a primary form of distribution of music, video, news articles, games, and the like. Currently, digital media purchased and used by individuals is usually protected from illegal copying by a restriction on which device can playback the digital media. The playback of the digital media occurs where a license for the digital media is present for the particular device intended for playback and/or for the particular user of the device used for playback. Accordingly, a different user with a different device cannot playback digital media with such restrictions. Such restrictions prevent sharing of the digital media from an initial purchaser to an entity who may also be interested in having a functional copy of the digital media.
The popularity of a particular digital media work is often increased by word of mouth. Initial purchasers may allow another individual to listen, watch, or otherwise experience the playback of a particular digital work on the purchaser's device and the other individual may decide to purchase a copy of the digital media for their device as well. For example, an initial purchaser may allow a friend to listen to a purchased song, and the friend may then wish to obtain a copy of the song as well. However, to prevent illegal copying, restrictions such as those discussed above prevent the song from being copied for use by the friend, so the friend must go through the normal channels of distribution to obtain a licensed copy of the song that the friend may playback.
Requiring the friend to go through the normal channels of distribution may result in the friend not following through with the purchase of the digital media. For example, the friend may choose not to do so due to the effort required or may simply forget to do so at some later time. Furthermore, the initial purchaser is given no motivation to encourage the friend to follow through with obtaining a licensed copy of the digital media. Accordingly, the number of transfers, and particularly purchases, for a given digital media work suffer.
Exemplary embodiments described herein address these issues and others by providing a brokerage for digital media distribution. An initial recipient of a digital work is given the ability to generate transfers such as sales of a digital media work and may be provided compensation for such transfers or sales. As one example, the digital media may be distributed directly from the device of the initial purchaser to that of the next purchaser with the various forms of information included in the transfer, such as a new license that effectively distinguishes the transferred copy from the copy of the initial recipient. As another example, a network link that provides access to the digital media and that is associated with the initial recipient may be established by the distributor so that the initial recipient may provide the link to the next potential recipient who may visit the link to obtain the digital media.
Embodiments provide a method of distributing digital media. The method involves identifying a candidate second device for delivery of digital media and transmitting a copy of the digital media from a first device to the second device. The method further involves transmitting a usage profile to the second device that controls usage of the digital media by the second device and receiving an acknowledgement of the successful transfer of the digital media at the first device. Additionally, the method involves transmitting to a third device a notice of the transfer of the digital media to the second device.
Embodiments provide a method of distributing digital media. The method involves receiving a first copy of the digital media by a device of a first entity, the first copy including first media data that identifies the first copy of the digital media, second media data that specifies that the first entity has authorization to playback the first copy of the digital media, third media data that specifies that the first entity has authorization to transfer at least one additional copy of the digital media made from the first copy of the digital media by providing transfer media data that identifies the additional copy uniquely relative to the first copy. The method further involves receiving at the device of the first entity a request to provide one of the at least one additional copies to a device of a second entity. Additionally, the method involves, in response to receiving the request, providing the additional copy and the transfer media data to the second device.
Embodiments provide a method of distributing digital media that involves receiving a first copy of the digital media at a device of a first entity, wherein the first copy includes first media data that specifies that the first entity has authorization to playback the first copy of the digital media. In response to transferring the first copy, the method further involves establishing a link for accessing an additional copy of the digital media, wherein the link is associated with the first entity, and receiving an attempt to access the link by a second entity for obtaining the additional copy of the digital media. Additionally, the method involves, in response to receiving the attempt to access the link, providing access to the additional copy of the digital media for the second entity and generating a record of the attempt associated with the first entity.
Embodiments provide a device for providing transfers of copies of digital media that includes a memory for storing a first copy of the digital media, an output module that outputs the playback of the digital media, an input module that receives user input, a transfer module, and a processor. The processor implements instructions to obtain the first copy of the digital media from an external resource and store the digital media in the memory and to access the digital media from memory and initiate playback of the digital media via the output module upon receiving user input requesting playback of the digital media and upon verifying that playback is authorized by reading media data of the digital media. The processor implements instructions to create a second copy of the digital media with transfer media data that uniquely identifies the second copy relative to the first copy and to transfer the second copy of the digital media with the transfer media data via the transfer module upon receiving user input requesting transfer of the second copy of the digital media.
Other systems, methods, and/or computer program products according to embodiments will be or become apparent to one with skill in the art upon review of the following drawings and detailed description. It is intended that all such additional systems, methods, and/or computer program products be included within this description, be within the scope of the present invention, and be protected by the accompanying claims.
Embodiments provide for a brokerage model to be established for the distribution of digital media by utilizing initial recipients of the digital media as the distribution force. Accordingly, word of mouth between peers regarding a particular digital media work becomes a transfer and a potential sales transaction, rather than relying on the interested entity to subsequently make a transfer and possibly a purchase through normal channels of distribution that are unrelated to the interaction with the initial recipient. Transfers may thereby occur at the moment the initial purchaser is demonstrating the digital media to the interested entity, and the initial purchaser may be compensated for the transfer so that the initial recipient is motivated to demonstrate the digital media and to encourage other entities to obtain a licensed copy. The licensed copy may be obtained via a direct transfer from the device of the initial recipient to that of the interested entity as a descendant of the licensed copy of the initial recipient or by the device of the interested entity accessing a network link that is provided by and associated with the initial recipient.
The devices 102, 106 have the functionality to playback digital media files and also to send and receive the files and access network addresses in order to complete transfers and purchase transactions. According to one embodiment, the devices 102, 106 have the ability to communicate on a peer-to-peer basis where the digital media file itself may be transferred and/or where a hyperlink for accessing the digital media file may be transferred. Additionally, the devices 102, 106 have the ability to communicate over a networked connection to exchange data with remote network resources such as the server 112 in order to complete purchases for and download the digital media files.
As shown in
A memory module 204 is present in order to store the digital media files 206. The memory module 204 may be of various forms including various forms of read only memory, random access memory, and/or a combination of the two.
The processor 202 and memory 204 are examples of computer readable media which store instructions that when performed implement various logical operations. Such computer readable media may include various forms of storage media including electronic, magnetic, and optical storage. Computer readable media may also include various forms of communications media, such as wired and wireless connections used to transfer the instructions or send and receive other data messages.
An input module 208 allows for users to enter input, including commands for starting playback of digital media as well as for initiating the transfer of digital media files or links thereto to other devices. The input module 208 may include a touch screen, a keypad, buttons, directional pads, and the like.
An output module 210 provides the audio and/or video output that is perceived by the user upon playback of the digital media as well as the graphical user interface, web browser, and other applications provided by the processor 202 for basic operation. The output module 210 may include a display screen such as a liquid crystal display (LCD), one or more speakers, a headphone output, and the like.
A transfer module 212 provides the transfer of data into and out of the device 102, 106. The transfer module 212 of this example may download digital media files via a direct connection to another device or through a network connection to remote resources. Furthermore, the transfer module 212 of this example may upload records of the transaction, either the record for the seller or the record for the buyer, such as the payment method to be used for purchases of digital media. The transfer module 212 may include a wired network interface such as Ethernet, a wireless network interface such as Wi-Fi (or other 802.xx standards) and/or cellular, and may include a peer-to-peer interface such as a wired IEEE 1394 or USB connection or a wireless Bluetooth or infrared connection.
It is further presumed in
At this point, the user of the first device 102 inputs a request to transfer the digital media file to the second device 106 at request operation 302. The processor 202 of the first device 102 then accesses the digital media file from memory 204 and prepares the digital media file for transmission to the second device 106 at file operation 304. Here, media data that was included in the original digital media file obtained by the user of the first device 102 may be maintained as transaction information for the copy in certain embodiments. Such retained transfer media data may include the identification of the digital media and/or may include usage profile data that controls usage of the digital media at a given device, such as any playback control data including digital rights management (DRM) data, limitations on playback time, playback attempts, and so forth. In other embodiments, some of this transaction information specified by the transfer media data may change, such as the identification data that forms the basis for licensing of the digital media and implementation of the DRM, where the copy being created for transfer may have a transfer media data that uniquely identifies it relative to the copy of the initial recipient. Furthermore, in various embodiments, there may be transfer media data that is appended to the digital media file or a portion of the existing data may be modified when transferring the digital media file.
For example, where the transaction is a purchase, the transaction information specified by the transfer media data may include transaction parameters. The transaction parameters may include information such as purchase information that is appended to the existing media data of the copy of the digital media file being transferred. The purchase information may include various elements, including an identification of the seller, billing data such as the sale price, and any other terms negotiated between the user of the first device 102, i.e., the broker or seller, and the user of the second device 106, i.e. the recipient or buyer. The first device 102 may allow for the user to enter terms of the sale to create the purchase information being appended. However, where one or more terms of the sale have been fixed by when the initial copy of the digital media was fixed, these items, this media data may be maintained. Examples of fixed terms may include the sale price, the lifetime of the license for playback of the digital media, the lifetime of the license to be a re-seller or broker of the digital media, etc.
The header 402 of this example includes various fields and corresponding media data stored within those fields. Field 408 includes data specifying the file type, the version, and the like to enable the processor to properly play back the contents. This field allows the processor 202 to utilize the correct settings and/or play back application for play back of the contents.
Field 410 provides transfer media data that includes an identification of the digital media file that serves to identify the digital media file for licensing and/or tracking purposes. The identification may be a serial number or similar character string that allows the digital media file to be tracked and distinguished relative to other digital media files that may have the same content but have different serial numbers. Furthermore, field 410 may include a serial number indicating that the present copy 402 is a descendant of a digital media file previously purchased, such as by using a “.01” or similar scheme. Identifying the digital media file as a descendant allows tracking of the transfer of copies of digital media files from brokers, where each descendant file is indicative of a sale through a broker as opposed to a sale through normal channels of distribution. The digital media file may be identified as a descendant of an original copy purchased through a normal channel, such as by using “.01” or identified as a descendant of a descendant, such as by using “.01.01” and in this manner the identifier distinguishes the digital media file from the original copy while still indicating a relationship to the original copy.
The header 402 may include additional fields of information such as field 412 where the sales price is located for instances where the digital media is purchased. Again, the sales price may result from negotiations whereby the user of the first device 102 enters the agreed upon sales price, or the sales price may be fixed such that field 412 is directly copied from the originally purchased copy of the digital media file by the processor 202 or may be populated by the processor 202 based on what the sales price for a descendant copy must be.
Field 414 may be present to specify a grace period for playback of the digital media file by the second device 106 prior to payment for the digital media file being provided by the user of the second device 106. The grace period may be fixed by the original content provider or alternatively may be negotiated between the broker and the buyer. The grace period may be specified in terms of a set expiration date relative to the date when the copy 402 is transferred, may be a set number of times the digital media file may be played back, or some other manner of limiting playback.
Field 416 specifies the playback controls or DRM for the copy 402. This field 416 may be required to contain certain data, referred to as authorization data, in order for playback to occur once the grace period has ended. This authorization data represents to the DRM logic that the copy 402 is a valid licensed copy. The authorization data is absent or otherwise inaccessible within the second device 106 upon the initial transfer but may be provided to the second device 106 for inclusion in field 416 upon payment being received by the user of the second device 106. DRM logic is a manner of preventing unauthorized use, the details of which are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,120,250 and 7,103,574, both of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
Field 418 may be included to provide data that specifies how the transaction can be recorded and, in the case of a purchase, how payment is made in order for the authorization data to be provided. This data may specify a clearing house for receiving payment and the method for submitting it. Such data may specify a network address that may be accessed by the second device 106 upon an option to complete the purchase being provided to and selected by the user of the second device 106.
Field 420 may be included to specify information about the broker, or user of the first device 102, who is transferring the copy to the user of the second device 106. This field 420 may include an identification of the broker, such as a name or broker number. It may further specify additional information such as when the broker completed the transfer to the second device 106. This information may be used to supplement the identification data from field 410 when the record of the transaction is being submitted to the back-end server 112. The identification of the broker in the record of the transaction, discussed in more detail below with reference to
Returning to
The processor 202 of the first device 102 then submits a record of the transaction to the back-end server 112 or other network location at record operation 308. The field 418 may be referenced to determine the network address where the record of the transaction is submitted. The record of the transaction allows the back-end server 112 to process the transaction as necessary to receive payment, license the transferred copy, and compensate the broker.
An example of the record of the transaction is shown in
Field 458 provides information about the recipient of the transfer. For example, field 458 may identify the recipient such as by name and may also identify the method of payment specified by the recipient where a purchase is taking place. However, field 458 may be omitted from the record submitted by the broker from the first device 102. As discussed below, the second device 106 may also submit a record of the transaction and the record submitted by the second device 106 may include all of the fields shown in
Returning to
As shown in
Additionally, the server 112 obtains the buyer information that specifies the method of payment by the recipient where a purchase is occurring, such as a particular credit account to cover the sale price. The server 112 may then determine whether the form of payment is adequate as part of verifying the transaction information.
Once the server 112 has verified that the records match and that the form of payment is valid, the server 112 then submits payment to an account of the broker, i.e., the user of the first device 102 at payment operation 316. For example, the broker may have a bank account, credit card account, or other electronically accessible account where funds can be deposited by the server 112. As an alternative, the server 112 may give the broker credits toward the purchase of additional digital media files, either for direct purchase through normal channels or for purchase from other brokers.
The server 112 also transfers authorization data, e.g., a license code for the serial number or other identifier of the digital media, necessary for the playback of the copy 402 of the digital media to the second device 102 at transfer operation 318. As discussed above, this authorization data is used by the processor 202 implementing the DRM logic to determine that the copy 402 is a valid and licensed copy for the user of the second device 106.
The authorization data sent from the server 112 is received by the second device 106 at reception operation 320. The processor 202 of the second device 106 then appends the authorization data to media data field 416 of the header 404 for the copy 402 stored in memory 204 of the second device 106 at data operation 322. The processor 202 of the second device 106 then checks the header 404 for the authorization data within field 416 when the user of the second device 106 requests playback of that particular digital media file at playback operation 324.
This discussion of
The operational flow shown in
It is further presumed in
Prior to the broker having demonstrated the digital media to the user of the second device 102, the server 112 at network operation 502 establishes the hyperlink for access to a copy of the digital media file that has been purchased by the user of the first device 102, i.e., the broker. The hyperlink may be associated with the broker so that when the hyperlink is accessed, the identity of the broker need not be presented since accessing the hyperlink already brings to light the broker to be compensated.
Upon the user of the first device 102 and the user of the second device 106 reaching an agreement, the hyperlink is entered into the second device 106 in order for the second device 106 to access the copy of the digital media file at input operation 504. The link may be entered manually, such as by the user of the first device 102 telling the user of the second device 106 what the link is so that the user of the second device 106 then manually enters the link. Alternatively, the link may be stored either as part of the media data of the digital media file on the first device 102 or is otherwise stored on the first device 102 and is transferred via the transfer module from the first device 102 to the second device 106.
As discussed above, where a purchase is occurring, the agreement may involve a negotiation for a sale price or the sale price may be fixed. Where there is a negotiation, the sale price may be entered by the user of the first device 102 via an input field provided by the processor 202 and the sale price may then be included in a record of the transaction as shown in
The user of the second device 106 may then instruct it to access the hyperlink, or the hyperlink may be automatically accessed as a result of the transfer of the hyperlink to the second device 106. Upon accessing the link, the server 112 may communicate with the second device 106 in order to receive payment and buyer details to purchase the digital media. According to one or more embodiments, the initial visit to the hyperlink may instead involve selecting an option to download the digital media file for use during a grace period prior to completing the transaction for the digital media file transfer. In that case, the digital media file like file 402 of
Upon the second device 106 accessing the hyperlink to complete the purchase, the server 112 then completes the purchase based on the record of the transaction including the payment method of the buyer at purchase operation 508. If the buyer is purchasing the digital media on the first visit to the hyperlink, as opposed to only downloading the digital media for playback during a grace period, then the digital media file is provided with the authorization data present in field 416. If the buyer is purchasing the digital media on a subsequent visit after having already downloaded the digital media file for purposes of playback during a grace period, then either a replacement version of the digital media file that includes authorization data is provided for download or the authorization data is provided for download so that it can be appended to field 416 for the copy already in memory 204 of the second device 106. Upon the user of the second device 106 completing the payment, the server 112 also posts the payment to the broker in an electronically accessible account.
Once the licensed copy of the digital media file has been downloaded, the processor 202 of the second device 106 stores the digital media file in memory 204, including the authorization data indicating that it is a licensed copy for the user of the second device 106. The user of the second device 106 may then request playback of the digital media file, and the processor 202 of the device 106 then checks the header 404 to find the authorization data and begins playback at playback operation 510.
As further illustration of applications, devices, and systems which may benefit from the embodiments disclosed herein, the following references are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety: U.S. Published Application 20060167882 entitled Digital Rights Management System Architecture; The Business of Streaming and Digital Media by Dan Rayburn and Michael Hoch ISBN: 0240805984; Electronic Commerce, Seventh Annual Edition by Gary Schneider ISBN: 1418837032; Mobile Commerce Application Development by Lei-da Chen and Gordon Skelton ISBN: 1591406021; and Mobile Media and Applications, From Concept to Cash: Successful Service Creation and Launch by Christoffer Andersson ISBN: 0470017473.
While embodiments have been particularly shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various other changes in the form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
