The present application claims priority from Canadian Patent Application No., 3,096,361, filed on Oct. 19, 2020, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
The present disclosure relates to the field of aluminum smelting. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to methods and to a system for preparing and installing brick assemblies on the floor of an electrolysis cell.
Potlining is a procedure used for the building and maintenance of electrolysis cells found in aluminum smelters. One of the main aspects of potlining consists in the installation of materials, such as bricks, cathodes, blocks and ramming paste, in several airtight and resistant layers that protect the structure of the electrolysis cell from the heat generated by aluminum melting processes.
Bricks made of refractory material are laid on the floor of the electrolysis cell. Conventional bricks may typically have a 110 mm width, a 220 mm length, and a 60 mm height. These measurements are not precise, and each brick may have its own tolerance. Grouting is frequently added at junctions between adjacent bricks in order to provide sealing therebetween.
As bricks layers are positioned on top of one another, care is taken so that junctions between adjacent bricks of one layer are not located above junctions of another layer immediately underneath it. To this end, it is necessary to cut many bricks at installation time. This requires intensive use of manpower and time, and is thus costly.
Therefore, there is a need for improvements potlining processes that compensate for problems related to the long installation time and to the amount of manpower required to lay bricks on the floor of an electrolysis cell.
According to the present disclosure, there is provided a method for preparing a plurality of brick assemblies for covering a floor of an electrolysis cell, comprising:
In an embodiment of the present technology, adjusting the size and the shape of the corresponding brick assembly comprises cutting one or more bricks of the corresponding brick assembly.
In an embodiment of the present technology, cutting one or more bricks of the corresponding brick assembly comprises adjusting a size and a shape of each brick of the corresponding brick assembly according to a standard brick size and a standard brick shape.
In an embodiment of the present technology, the template comprises a predetermined number of bricks; and adjusting the size and the shape of the corresponding brick assembly comprises forming the corresponding brick assembly by combining fewer bricks than the predetermined number of bricks.
According to the present disclosure, there is also provided a method for covering a floor of an electrolysis cell, comprising:
preparing a plurality of brick assemblies using the method for preparing a plurality of brick assemblies for covering a floor of an electrolysis cell;
In an embodiment of the present technology, the method further comprises successively picking up and placing on the floor of the electrolysis cell the brick assemblies of a second pile after having picked up and placed on the floor of the electrolysis cell the brick assemblies of a first pile.
In an embodiment of the present technology, the plurality of brick assemblies are placed on the floor of the electrolysis cell by: laying a first number of adjacent brick assemblies along a width of the electrolysis cell to form a first row of adjacent brick assemblies extending across the width of the electrolysis cell; and laying a second number of adjacent bricks along the width of the electrolysis cell so to form a second row of adjacent bricks extending across the width of the electrolysis cell, the second row of adjacent bricks being contiguous to the first row of adjacent brick assemblies.
In an embodiment of the present technology, a first brick assembly picked up from the first pile is placed in a first corner of the floor of the electrolysis cell.
In an embodiment of the present technology, a last brick assembly picked up from a bottom of a last pile is placed in a second corner of the floor of the electrolysis cell at an opposite end from the first corner.
In an embodiment of the present technology, the tiling pattern is a first tiling pattern for a first brick layer for covering the floor of the electrolysis cell; the brick assemblies are first brick assemblies of the first brick layer; the method further comprising: overlaying, on the plan of the floor of the electrolysis cell, a second tiling pattern fora second brick layer, each virtual tile of the second tiling pattern having the size and the shape of the template, the second tiling pattern being shifted in relation to the first tiling pattern in a first direction by less than a first dimension of bricks of the first brick layer and in a second direction by less than a second dimension of the bricks of the first brick layer; identifying, for each virtual tile of the second tiling pattern, zero or more departures of a portion of the floor of electrolysis cell overlaid by the virtual tile of the tiling pattern from the size and the shape of the template; and for each given virtual tile of the second tiling pattern having at least one departure from the size and the shape of the template, adjusting a size and a shape of a corresponding second brick assembly so that the corresponding second brick assembly matches a size and a shape of a given portion of the floor of the electrolysis cell overlaid by the given virtual tile of the second tiling pattern.
According to the present disclosure, there is also provided a method for covering a floor of an electrolysis cell, comprising:
The present disclosure further relates to a system, comprising:
The foregoing and other features will become more apparent upon reading of the following non-restrictive description of illustrative embodiments thereof, given by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Embodiments of the disclosure will be described by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Like numerals represent like features on the various drawings. Unless otherwise noted, the various Figures are not to scale.
Various aspects of the present disclosure generally address one or more of the problems related to the long installation time and to the amount of manpower required to lay bricks on the floor of an electrolysis cell.
The present technology comprises a method for relining the floor of an electrolysis cells. A number of brick assemblies are preformed and then moved to their resting position on the floor of the electrolysis cell by a vacuum brick lifter. The bricks of a brick assembly may be grouted, so that they remain fixedly jointed, before being moved to their resting position. Grouting may be made, for example, using mortar or another adhesive. Alternatively, the bricks of the brick assembly may be left unattached and the vacuum brick lifter may be configured to hold them in position when they are unattached. The vacuum brick lifter may itself be supported by a support structure overhanging above the floor of the electrolysis cell.
In a non-limiting example, the support structure for the vacuum brick lifter may be as described in Canadian Patent No. 2,842,083 to Danny Gagnon, issued on Jul. 7, 2015 (hereinafter “Gagnon '083”). An apparatus introduced in Gagnon '083 comprises a motorized structure having a pair of supports configured to stand on both sides of the electrolysis cell. The motorized structure is adapted to carry an interchangeable module above the electrolysis cell. A processing unit of the interchangeable module is carried on the motorized structure. The processing unit is programmed to operate the interchangeable module. An alignment system connected to the processing unit is configured to control movement of the motorized structure along a longitudinal axis of the electrolysis cell. Examples of the interchangeable modules disclosed in Gagnon '083 include a cathode lifting module, a vacuum lifting module, and a compaction module. The above-mentioned vacuum brick lifter may be used as one of the interchangeable modules carried by the motorized structure and operated by the processing unit.
In an embodiment, the vacuum brick lifter 10 may have a 300 KG lifting capacity. Size and positioning of the suction cups 14 are selected in view of lengths and widths of the bricks, which may for example have a 220 mm length and a 110 mm width. In the non-limiting example of
A control panel 38 contains an alignment system (not shown) operatively connected to the processing unit 34. The alignment system is operatively connected to a first motorized drive 40 for controlling a movement of the motorized structure 30 along a longitudinal axis 42 of the electrolysis cell. The alignment system is operatively connected to a second motorized drive 44 for controlling a lateral movement of the processing unit 34 on a pair of beams 46 of the motorized structure 30, the beams 46 being perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 42 of the electrolysis cell. Longitudinal movements of the motorized structure 30 and lateral movements of the processing unit 34 allow positioning the vacuum brick lifter 10 over the entire floor of the electrolysis cell and to install bricks over its entire floor surface.
In practice, each of several brick assemblies 82 have respective predetermined configurations designed so that they will fully cover the floor of the electrolysis cell, which may be irregular, without any gap therebetween, when installed. Before being picked up by the operator (or the robotized arm), some of the bricks 80 may be precisely cut on any of its edges by a pivotable and longitudinally moveable cutting tool 60, for example a saw having a rotative blade, according to the predetermined configuration of the brick assembly 82 that will be formed when the operator (or the robotized arm) brings the cut bricks 80 to the shaper 56. It is further contemplated that the robotized arm or another robotized tool may lay mortar on the bricks 80 of the brick assemblies 82.
For example and without limitation, if a corner of the electrolysis cell is slightly rounded, a brick assembly 82 that is planned to be positioned in that corner will also be slightly rounded and, consequently, at least some of the bricks 80 forming this brick assembly 82 will be cut accordingly by the cutting tool 60.
The bricks 80 of a first brick assembly 82 are placed on the pallet 70, which is received in the positioning station 58 of the working bench 50, on an electric or pneumatic elevator 62. The pallet 70 includes openings 72 underneath its top surface 74. These openings 72 are adapted for inserting therein the forks of a forklift (shown in a later Figure) for moving the pallet 70. It is contemplated that a crane may be used to move the pallet 70. In an embodiment, the pallet 70 is constructed of fiberglass or of another durable material that can be reused and that will not be deformed under the weight of a pile 84 of brick assemblies 82. Then, the bricks 80 of a next brick assembly 82 are placed on top of the first brick assembly 82. The pneumatic elevator 62 is used to maintain a brick assembly 82 being formed at the top of the pile 84 at a level of the bricks 80 on the receiving station 52. The pile 84 of brick assemblies 82 is thus formed on top of the pallet 70. The topmost brick assembly 82 of the pile 84 is the last one having been assembled on the working bench 50 and will be the first one to be picked up from the pile 84 by the vacuum brick lifter 10 for installation on the floor of the electrolysis cell. The various components of the working bench 50 may be controlled from an operation station 64. A vacuum dust collection system (not shown) may also be present in the working bench 50.
As each brick assembly 82 is formed, the bricks 80 may optionally be fixedly jointed using mortar or another adhesive. In such case, a small gap, for example 1.25 mm, may be left between each brick 80 to allow the mortar to flow between the bricks.
In the example of
In many instances, it will not be possible to cover the floor 110 of the electrolysis cell 100 with an integer number of perfectly shaped brick assemblies. Consequently, the sizes and shapes of several brick assemblies 82 may be adjusted in the working bench 50 in order to overcome the various departures between an ideal size and an ideal shape of a brick assembly, as defined by the template of the shaper 56, and a size and a shape of an actual brick assembly 82 corresponding, for example, to the virtual tiles 222, 224, 226a, 226b, 226c and 226d
A first brick layer may be disposed on the floor 110 of the electrolysis cell 100. In many instances, there will be a desired to lay at least one more brick layer on top of the first brick layer. Brick assemblies 82 of a second brick layer may be formed as expressed in the previous paragraphs, following the tiling pattern illustrated on
Non-limiting examples of methods for preparing and laying bricks on the floor 110 of the electrolysis cell 100 are depicted in
The sequence 400 begins at operation 410, where a first tiling pattern 200 is overlaid on a plan of the floor 110 of the electrolysis cell 100, each virtual tile 220 of the first tiling pattern having a size and a shape of a template. The first tiling pattern 200 will be used to prepare brick assemblies 82 forming a first brick layer for installation of the floor 110 of the electrolysis cell 100. If it is desired to install a second brick layer on top of the first brick layer, a next operation 420 comprises overlaying, over the plan of the floor 110 of the electrolysis cell 100, a second tiling pattern 300 for the second brick layer. In the second tiling pattern 300, each virtual tile 320 also has the size and the shape of the template. The second tiling pattern 300 is shifted in relation to the first tiling pattern 200 in a first direction by less than a first dimension of bricks 80 of the first brick layer and in a second direction by less than a second dimension 80 of the bricks of the first brick layer. The second tiling pattern 300 may for example be shifted by half a length of a standard brick along the longitudinal axis 42 of the electrolysis cell 100 and by half a width of the standard brick along a width of the electrolysis cell 100.
Operation 430 comprises identifying, for each virtual tile 220 of the first tiling pattern 200, zero or more departures of a portion of the floor 110 of electrolysis cell 100 overlaid by the virtual tile 220 of the first tiling pattern 200 from the size and the shape of the template. If it is planned to install a second brick layer, operation 430 is also performed for each virtual tile 320 of the second tiling pattern 300.
Then at operation 440, for each given virtual tile 220 of the first tiling pattern 200, and for each given virtual tile 320 of the second tiling pattern 300 if applicable, where the given virtual tile 220 or 320 has at least one departure from the size and the shape of the template, a size and a shape of a corresponding brick assembly 82 is adjusted so that the corresponding brick assembly 82 matches a size and a shape of a given portion of the floor 110 of the electrolysis cell 110 overlaid by the given virtual tile 220 or 320. Referring for example to
In an embodiment, operation 440 may comprise a plurality of sub-operations, some of which may be executed in variable order, some of the sub-operations possibly being executed concurrently, some of the sub-operations being optional.
Once the brick assemblies 82 have been prepared, they may be installed on the floor 110 of the electrolysis cell 100. To this end,
The first brick layer for covering the floor of the electrolysis cell is formed at operation 530. Operation 530 may comprise one or more of sub-operations 532 and 534. At sub-operation 532, the brick assemblies 82 of a given pile 84 of brick assemblies 82 of the first brick layer, placed on the receiving platform 130, are successively picked up from a top of the given pile 84. At sub-operation 534, each brick assembly 82 successively picked up at sub-operation 532 is placed on the floor 110 of the electrolysis cell 100, in an adjacent position to a previously picked up brick assembly 82.
For example and without limitation, a first brick assembly 82 taken from the top of a first pile 84 may be placed in a first corner on the floor 110 of the electrolysis cell 100. A number of brick assemblies 82 may then be adjacently placed from the first brick assembly 82, along a width of the electrolysis cell 100, thereby forming a first row of adjacent brick assemblies 80 extending across the width of the electrolysis cell 100. More brick assemblies 82 may then be placed adjacently to this first row, thereby forming a second row that is contiguous to the first row. Once the given pile 84 is empty, a next pile 84 may be placed on the receiving platform 130 and sub-operations 532 and 534 are repeated for installing the brick assemblies 82 of this next pile 84. The brick assemblies 82 for the first brick layer are successively picked up from the one or more piles, until the floor 110 of the electrolysis cell 100 is covered by the plurality of brick assemblies 82 forming the first brick layer, when a last brick assembly 82 is picked up from the bottom of a last pile 84 and placed in a second corner of the floor 110 of the electrolysis cell 110, at an opposite end from the first corner.
If applicable, the second brick layer for covering the first brick layer is formed at operation 540.
Operation 540 may comprise one or more of sub-operations 542 and 544. At sub-operation 542, the brick assemblies 82 of a given pile of brick assemblies 82 of the second brick layer are successively picked up from a top of the given pile. At sub-operation 544, each brick assembly 82 successively picked up at sub-operation 542 is placed on top of the first brick layer, in an adjacent position to a previously picked up brick assembly 82. The brick assemblies 82 for the second brick layer are successively picked up from the one or more piles until the first brick layer is covered by the plurality of brick assemblies 82 forming the second brick layer. Details of operation 540 and of its sub-operations 542 and 544 may be similar or equivalent to those of operation 530 and of its sub-operations 532 and 534.
Additional brick layer may be installed on the floor 110 of the electrolysis cell 100, until a desired depth of the brick layers is reached. For example and without limitation, it may be desired to cover the floor 110 of the electrolysis cell 100 with 4 brick layers.
Each of the operations of the sequences 400 and 500 may be configured to be processed by one or more processors, the one or more processors being coupled to a memory.
The controller 600 comprises a processor or a plurality of cooperating processors (represented as a single processor 610 for simplicity), a memory device or a plurality of memory devices (represented as a single memory device 620 for simplicity), an input/output device or a plurality of input/output devices (represented as an input/output device 630 for simplicity). Separate input and output devices may be present instead of the input/output device 630. The input/output device 630 may be adapted communicate with the working bench 50 and its components, the vacuum brick lifter 10 working bench 50, the motorized structure 30 working bench 50, and the remote controller 142, for providing control instructions to these devices and for receiving feedback signals from these devices. The memory device 620 may comprise a database 624 for storing data which may include, for example, tiling patterns 200 and 300, calculated sizes and shapes of each of the brick assemblies 82 and a mapping of the position of each of the brick assemblies 82 in the first and/or second brick layer.
The processor 610 is operatively connected to the memory device 620 and to the input/output device 630. The memory device 620 may comprise a non-transitory computer-readable medium 622 for storing code instructions that are executable by the processor 600 to perform the operations of the sequences 400 and 500.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will realize that the description of the methods and of the system for preparing and installing brick assemblies on the floor of an electrolysis cell are illustrative only and are not intended to be in any way limiting. Other embodiments will readily suggest themselves to such persons with ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of the present disclosure. Furthermore, the disclosed methods and system may be customized to offer valuable solutions to existing needs and problems related to the long installation time and to the amount of manpower required to lay bricks on the floor of an electrolysis cell. In the interest of clarity, not all of the routine features of the implementations of the methods and system are shown and described. It will, of course, be appreciated that in the development of any such actual implementation of the methods and system, numerous implementation-specific decisions may need to be made in order to achieve the developer's specific goals, such as compliance with application-, system-, and business-related constraints, and that these specific goals will vary from one implementation to another and from one developer to another. Moreover, it will be appreciated that a development effort might be complex and time-consuming, but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking of engineering for those of ordinary skill in the field of aluminum smelting having the benefit of the present disclosure.
The present disclosure has been described in the foregoing specification by means of non-restrictive illustrative embodiments provided as examples. These illustrative embodiments may be modified at will. The scope of the claims should not be limited by the embodiments set forth in the examples, but should be given the broadest interpretation consistent with the description as a whole.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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3096361 | Oct 2020 | CA | national |