Patent Grant
11281267
The present application claims priority to European Patent Application No. 18315010.1, filed on Jun. 8, 2018, the entirety of each of which is incorporated herein by reference.
The present technology relates to systems and methods of electric power distribution. In particular, the systems and methods allow identifying a connection path between a power source and a load.
In today's data centers and processing centers, such as those used in blockchain technology, the numbers of computer servers become so large that they come to the verge of being unmanageable. In a data center, new servers may need to be added on a daily basis. Of course, some servers may fail and require maintenance or replacement.
All of these servers consume electric power provided by power sources, for example uninterruptible power sources (UPS), via cables.
Keeping track of power cabling in a data center having thousands of servers, perhaps tens of thousands of servers, becomes a daunting task. Considering that some servers may be assigned as redundant to other critical servers, it is very much desired to ensure that the failure of a power supply will not lead at once to the loss of a critical server and of its redundant server. To this end, it is important to be constantly aware of which server is connected to which power supply.
Given that servers are constantly added or changed in large data centers, conventional methods for identifying connections between servers and power supplies are inaccurate and slow while being too manpower intensive to be of practical use.
The subject matter discussed in the background section should not be assumed to be prior art merely as a result of its mention in the background section. Similarly, a problem mentioned in the background section or associated with the subject matter of the background section should not be assumed to have been previously recognized in the prior art. The subject matter in the background section merely represents different approaches.
Embodiments of the present technology have been developed based on developers' appreciation of shortcomings associated with the prior art.
In particular, such shortcomings may comprise (1) lack of accuracy; (2) lack of speed; and/or (3) high manpower requirements.
In one aspect, various implementations of the present technology provide a method implemented in a power source for identifying connection paths between the power source and a plurality of loads, comprising:
sending, from a power output of the power source, on a cable connecting the power output of the power source to a power distribution unit (PDU), a reachability signal comprising an identity of the power source and an identity of the power output of the power source;
receiving, at the power output of the power source, on the cable, a plurality of return reachability signals, each received return reachability signal comprising the identity of the power source, the identity of the power output of the power source, an identity of the PDU, an identity of a respective power output of the PDU, and an identity of a respective load; and
for each received return reachability signal, storing, in a database, a respective reference between the identity of the power source, the identity of the power output of the power source, the identity of the PDU, the identity of the respective power output of the PDU, and the identity of the respective load.
In some implementations of the present technology, each return reachability signal further comprises an identity of a power input of the respective load; and the method further comprises storing the identity of the power input of the respective load in the respective reference.
In some implementations of the present technology, each return reachability signal further comprises an identity of a power input of the PDU; and the reference stored in the database for each return reachability signal further comprises the identity of the power input of the PDU.
In some implementations of the present technology, the power output of the power source is one of a plurality of power outputs of the power source, the PDU is one of a plurality of PDUs, the cable is one of a plurality of cables, each one of the plurality of cables respectively connecting one of the plurality of power outputs of the power source to a respective one of the plurality of PDUs, the method further comprising: sending a reachability signal on each cable connecting a respective one of the plurality of power outputs of the power source to a respective one of the plurality of PDUs, each reachability signal comprising the identity of the power source and an identity of the respective one of the plurality of power outputs of the power source; receiving a plurality of additional return reachability signals, each return reachability signal: being received at a given one of the plurality of power outputs of the power source, and comprising the identity of the power source, the identity of the given one of the plurality of power outputs of the power source, an identity of a given one of the plurality of PDUs that is respective to the given one of the plurality of power outputs of the power source, an identity of a power output of the given one of the plurality of PDUs, and an identity of a given one of the plurality of loads; and for each of the plurality of additional return reachability signals, storing in the database a reference between: the identity of the power source, the identity of the given one of the plurality of power outputs of the power source, the identity of the given one of the plurality of PDUs, the identity of the power output of the given one of the plurality of PDUs, and the identity the given one of the plurality of loads.
In some implementations of the present technology, each return reachability signal further comprises an identity of a power input of the given one of the plurality of PDUs; and the reference stored in the database for each return reachability signal further comprises the identity of the power input of the given one of the plurality of PDUs.
In other aspects, various implementations of the present technology provide a method implemented in a power distribution unit (PDU) for identifying a connection path between a power source and a load, comprising:
receiving, at a power input of the PDU, on an input cable connecting the power input of the PDU to the power source, a reachability signal comprising an identity of the power source and an identity of a power output of the power source;
in response to receiving the reachability signal, forwarding, from a power output of the PDU, on an output cable connecting the power output of the PDU to the load, a modified reachability signal comprising the identity of the power source, the identity of the power output of the power source, an identity of the PDU, an identity of the power output of the PDU;
after the forwarding of the modified reachability signal, receiving, at the power output of the PDU, on the output cable, a return reachability signal comprising the identity of the power source, the identity of the power output of the power source, the identity of the PDU, the identity of the power output of the PDU and an identity of the load; and
in response to receiving the return reachability signal, forwarding, from the power input of the PDU, on the input cable, a modified return reachability signal comprising the identity of the power source, the identity of the power output of the power source, the identity of the PDU, the identity of the power output of the PDU and the identity of the load.
In some implementations of the present technology, the method further comprises storing, in a database, a reference between the identity of the load, the identity of the power source, the identity of the power output of the power source, the identity of the PDU, and the identity of the power output of the PDU.
In some implementations of the present technology, each of the modified reachability signal, the return reachability signal and the modified return reachability signal further comprises an identity of the power input of the PDU.
In some implementations of the present technology, the method further comprises storing, in a database, a reference between the identity of the load, the identity of the power source, the identity of the power output of the power source, the identity of the PDU, the identity of the power output of the PDU and the identity of the power input of the PDU.
In some implementations of the present technology, the power output of the PDU is one of a plurality of power outputs of the PDU, the load is one of a plurality of loads, the output cable is one of a plurality of output cables, each one of the plurality of output cables respectively connecting one of the plurality of power outputs of the PDU to one of the plurality of loads, the method further comprising: broadcasting the modified reachability signal on the plurality of power outputs of the PDU; and for each given one of the plurality power outputs of the PDU: receiving a return reachability signal comprising an identity of a respective one of the plurality of loads, and forwarding, on the power input of the PDU, a modified return reachability signal comprising an identity of the given one of the plurality of power outputs of the PDU and the identity of the respective one of the plurality of loads.
In further aspects, various implementations of the present technology provide a power source, comprising:
a power output adapted to supply electric power to a plurality of loads via a cable connecting the power output to a power distribution unit (PDU), the power output being further adapted to send and receive signals to and from the PDU via the cable; and
a processor operatively connected to a database and to the power output, the processor being adapted to:
In some implementations of the present technology, each return reachability signal further comprises an identity of a power input of the PDU; and the reference stored in the database for each return reachability signal further comprises the identity of the power input of the PDU
In some implementations of the present technology, the power output is one of a plurality of power outputs, the PDU is one of a plurality of PDUs, the cable is one of a plurality of cables, each one of the plurality of cables respectively connecting one of the plurality of power outputs to a respective one of the plurality of PDUs, the processor being further adapted to: cause sending a reachability signal on each cable connecting a respective one of the plurality of power outputs to a respective one of the plurality of PDUs, each reachability signal comprising the identity of the power source and an identity of the respective one of the plurality of power outputs of the power source; receive, from a given one of the plurality of power outputs, a plurality of additional return reachability signals, each return reachability signal comprising the identity of the power source, the identity of the given one of the plurality of power outputs of the power source, an identity of a given one of the plurality of PDUs that is respective to the given one of the plurality of power outputs of the power source, and an identity of a power output of the given one of the plurality of PDUs, and an identity of a given one of the plurality of loads, and cause the database to store, for each return reachability signal, a reference between the identity of the power source, the identity of the given one of the plurality of power outputs, the identity of the given one of the plurality of PDUs, the identity of the power output of the given one of the plurality of PDUs, and the identity of the given one of the plurality of loads.
In some implementations of the present technology, each return reachability signal further comprises an identity of a power input of the given one of the plurality of PDUs; and the reference stored in the database for each return reachability signal further comprises the identity of the power input of the given one of the plurality of PDUs.
In some implementations of the present technology, the power source is an uninterruptible power supply.
In other aspects, various implementations of the present technology provide a power distribution unit (PDU), comprising:
a power input adapted to receive electric power from a power source via an input cable and to send and receive signals to and from the power source via the input cable;
a power output adapted to supply electric power to a load via an output cable and to send and receive signals to and from the load via the output cable; and
a processor operatively connected to the power input and to the power output, the processor being adapted to:
In some implementations of the present technology, each of the modified reachability signal, the return reachability signal and the modified return reachability signal further comprises an identity of the power input of the PDU.
In some implementations of the present technology, the PDU further comprises a modem implementing a power line communication protocol and operatively connected to the processor, to the power input and to the power output of the PDU, the modem being adapted to generate the modified reachability signal and the modified return reachability signal and to interpret the reachability signal and the return reachability signal.
In the context of the present specification, unless expressly provided otherwise, a computer system may refer, but is not limited to, an “electronic device”, an “operation system”, a “system”, a “computer-based system”, a “controller unit”, a “monitoring device”, a “control device” and/or any combination thereof appropriate to the relevant task at hand.
In the context of the present specification, unless expressly provided otherwise, the expression “computer-readable medium” and “memory” are intended to include media of any nature and kind whatsoever, non-limiting examples of which include RAM, ROM, disks (CD-ROMs, DVDs, floppy disks, hard disk drives, etc.), USB keys, flash memory cards, solid state-drives, and tape drives. Still in the context of the present specification, “a” computer-readable medium and “the” computer-readable medium should not be construed as being the same computer-readable medium. To the contrary, and whenever appropriate, “a” computer-readable medium and “the” computer-readable medium may also be construed as a first computer-readable medium and a second computer-readable medium.
In the context of the present specification, unless expressly provided otherwise, the words “first”, “second”, “third”, etc. have been used as adjectives only for the purpose of allowing for distinction between the nouns that they modify from one another, and not for the purpose of describing any particular relationship between those nouns.
Implementations of the present technology each have at least one of the above-mentioned object and/or aspects, but do not necessarily have all of them. It should be understood that some aspects of the present technology that have resulted from attempting to attain the above-mentioned object may not satisfy this object and/or may satisfy other objects not specifically recited herein.
Additional and/or alternative features, aspects and advantages of implementations of the present technology will become apparent from the following description, the accompanying drawings and the appended claims.
For a better understanding of the present technology, as well as other aspects and further features thereof, reference is made to the following description which is to be used in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, where:
It should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified herein, the drawings are not to scale.
The examples and conditional language recited herein are principally intended to aid the reader in understanding the principles of the present technology and not to limit its scope to such specifically recited examples and conditions. It will be appreciated that those skilled in the art may devise various arrangements which, although not explicitly described or shown herein, nonetheless embody the principles of the present technology and are included within its spirit and scope.
Furthermore, as an aid to understanding, the following description may describe relatively simplified implementations of the present technology. As persons skilled in the art would understand, various implementations of the present technology may be of a greater complexity.
In some cases, what are believed to be helpful examples of modifications to the present technology may also be set forth. This is done merely as an aid to understanding, and, again, not to define the scope or set forth the bounds of the present technology. These modifications are not an exhaustive list, and a person skilled in the art may make other modifications while nonetheless remaining within the scope of the present technology. Further, where no examples of modifications have been set forth, it should not be interpreted that no modifications are possible and/or that what is described is the sole manner of implementing that element of the present technology.
Moreover, all statements herein reciting principles, aspects, and implementations of the present technology, as well as specific examples thereof, are intended to encompass both structural and functional equivalents thereof, whether they are currently known or developed in the future. Thus, for example, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that any block diagrams herein represent conceptual views of illustrative circuitry embodying the principles of the present technology. Similarly, it will be appreciated that any flowcharts, flow diagrams, state transition diagrams, pseudo-code, and the like represent various processes which may be substantially represented in computer-readable media and so executed by a computer or processor, whether or not such computer or processor is explicitly shown.
The functions of the various elements shown in the figures, including any functional block labeled as a “processor”, may be provided through the use of dedicated hardware as well as hardware capable of executing software in association with appropriate software. When provided by a processor, the functions may be provided by a single dedicated processor, by a single shared processor, or by a plurality of individual processors, some of which may be shared. In some embodiments of the present technology, the processor may be a general purpose processor, such as a central processing unit (CPU) or a processor dedicated to a specific purpose, such as a digital signal processor (DSP). Moreover, explicit use of the term a “processor” should not be construed to refer exclusively to hardware capable of executing software, and may implicitly include, without limitation, application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), field programmable gate array (FPGA), read-only memory (ROM) for storing software, random access memory (RAM), and non-volatile storage. Other hardware, conventional and/or custom, may also be included.
Software modules, or simply modules which are implied to be software, may be represented herein as any combination of flowchart elements or other elements indicating performance of process steps and/or textual description. Such modules may be executed by hardware that is expressly or implicitly shown. Moreover, it should be understood that module may include for example, but without being limitative, computer program logic, computer program instructions, software, stack, firmware, hardware circuitry or a combination thereof which provides the required capabilities.
With these fundamentals in place, we will now consider some non-limiting examples to illustrate various implementations of aspects of the present technology.
In the network 100, the power input 106m of the server 106 is connected via an electrical power cable to the power output 102a of the UPS 102. The power input 108m of the server 108 is connected to the power output 102c of the UPS 102. The power input 110m of the server 110 is connected to the power output 102e of the UPS 102. The power input 112m of the server 112 is connected to the power output 104g of the UPS 104. The power input 114m of the server 114 is connected to the power output 104e of the UPS 104. The power input 116m of the server 106 is connected to the power output 102l of the UPS 102.
The network 100 only contains six (6) distinct servers 106-116 and keeping track of the connections between these servers and the UPSs 102 and 104 should be a simple task. In a real-life implementation, a UPS may be capable of providing, for example, 500 KW of electric power to servers that each consumes 100 watts. A single UPS may therefore be able to power 5000 servers. A large data center may include many more servers that are fed by a larger number of UPSs. New servers and UPSs may be added on a continuous basis; in some cases new servers may be added on a daily basis. Failed devices may need to be replaced from time to time. Cabling installation errors may occur, cables may be accidentally disconnected, and some cables may fail.
In the network 100, two (2) of the servers 106-116 may be redundant, one of the two (2) servers being able to execute, as a backup, the tasks of the other server in case of a server failure. One possible cause of a server failure is the loss of electrical power. Considering for example the case where the servers 108 and 114 are redundant, the server 108 is powered by the UPS 102 and the server 114 is powered by the UPS 104. The loss of one UPS, for example the UPS 102, will not cause the loss of power at the server 114, which can continue receiving power from the UPS 104 and therefore continue executing the tasks of the server 108. However, if the servers 106 and 108 are designated as redundant, the loss of the UPS 102 will cause both servers 106 and 108 to fail, without any backup. Without proper referencing of the cable connections between the power sources and the loads, it may be difficult to evaluate whether power supply redundancy between loads is correctly configured.
Comparing the configurations of networks 100 and 120, if the servers 126 and 128 are designated as redundant, the loss of the UPS 102 will cause both power inputs 128m and 128n of the server 128 to lose power. The input 126m of the server 126 will also lose power, but the server 126 will still receive power from the UPS 104 via its power input 126n. However, in some implementations were the sole redundancy in the power delivery to the servers 126-136 is at the level of their dual power inputs, the failure of the UPS 102 will cause a failure of the server 128 while a failure of the UPS 104 will cause a failure of the server 134.
The dual power inputs m and n of the servers 126-136 are connected to one of the power outputs a-l of the PDUs 142 and 144. In the network 140, the power input 126m of the server 126 is connected via an electrical power cable to the power output 142a of the PDU 142 and the power input 126n is connected to the power output 144d of the PDU 144. The power input 128m of the server 128 is connected to the power output 142c of the PDU 142 and the power input 128n is connected to the power output 142j of the PDU 142. The power input 130m of the server 130 is connected to the power output 142e of the PDU 142 and the power input 130n is connected to the power output 144a of the PDU 144. The power input 132m of the server 132 is connected to the power output 144g of the PDU 144 and the power input 132n is connected to the power output 142b of the PDU 142. The power input 134m of the server 134 is connected to the power output 144e of the PDU 144 and the power input 134n is connected to the power output 144j of the PDU 144. The power input 136m of the server 136 is connected to the power output 142l of the PDU 142 and the power input 136n is connected to the power output 144k of the PDU 144. In the particular example of the network 140, redundancy considerations are equivalent to those of the network 120, in which the loss of one of the PDUs 142 or 144 in the network 140 has the same or equivalent effect as the loss of the UPS 102 or 104 in the network 120. The network 140 does not have redundant power supply for the PDUs 142 and 144 given that they are both connected to the same UPS 102. However, in a real-life implementation, the network 140 may comprise a plurality of UPSs and a plurality of PDUs connected to distinct UPSs and, as a result, server redundancy may be provided to prevent total loss of a service in case of failure of one of the PDUs or of one of the UPSs.
In an implementation, the identity (ID) of a power input or of a power output of a node (a UPS, a PDU, or a server) may contain, as a prefix, an ID of that node, a suffix designating the particular power input or power output. In another implementation, the ID of a node may not be determinable from the ID of the power input or power output. Consequently, in the example of
Table I summarizes all connections established, via cables, between the UPS 104, the PDUs 142 and 144, and the power inputs of the servers 126-136 of the network 140. Some of the columns of Table I may be present in some implementations and not in other implementations, depending for example on the encoding of the IDs of the various nodes and of their power inputs and power. The ordering of rows in Table I is for illustration purposes and does not limit the present disclosure.
It will be recognized that, in a large server network, Table I would include a much larger number of entries. The examples of
The information as contained in Table I and extended in a very large network can be automatically stored in a database using one or more implementations of the present technology. For example,
At operation 210, the UPS 202 inserts its own ID and an ID of one of its power outputs in a reachability signal 212 sent on a cable connected to that power output of the UPS 202. The reachability signal 212 may for example be in the form of a so-called “ping” packet, using an echo request signal according to the internet control message protocol (ICMP). The reachability signal 212 is sent toward the server 206 and would reach the server 206 if the UPS 202 was directly connected to the server 206 via a single cable. If the UPS 202 includes a plurality of power outputs, the reachability signal 212 may be broadcasted via distinct cables from each of the power outputs towards a plurality of directly connected loads or, as in the case of the network 208, via cables connecting each of the plurality of power outputs of the UPS 202 to corresponding PDUs. In that case, each instance of the reachability signal 212 may include the ID of the UPS 202 and a distinct ID for the relevant power output.
As shown, the reachability signal 212 first reaches the PDU 204. At operation 214, the PDU 204 modifies the reachability signal 212 by adding its own ID, an ID of its power input having received the reachability signal 212, and an ID of one of its power outputs in a modified reachability signal 216 (for example another echo request signal) forwarded on a cable connected to that power output of the PDU 204. If the PDU 204 includes a plurality of power outputs, the modified reachability signal 216 may be broadcasted via distinct cables from each of the power outputs of the PDU 204 towards a plurality of corresponding loads, for example servers. In that case, each instance of the modified reachability signal 216 may include the ID of the PDU 204 and a distinct ID for the relevant power output of the PDU 204.
Having received the modified reachability signal on a power input, at operation 218, the server 206 inserts its own ID, an ID of that power input and the information elements included in the modified reachability signal 216 in a return reachability signal 220 (for example another ping packet in the form of an ICMP echo reply signal) sent on the same cable connected to its power input. The PDU 204 receives the return reachability signal 220 and optionally stores in a database, at operation 222, a reference between the following information elements contained in the return reachability signal:
The PDU 204 then forwards a modified return reachability signal 224 (for example another echo reply signal) to the UPS 202. In an implementation, the modified return reachability signal 224 may include the same contents as that of the return reachability signal 220.
If the PDU 204 has broadcasted the modified reachability signal 216 from a plurality of its power outputs, the PDU 204 may receive numerous instances of the return reachability signal 220 that each correspond to a distinct server or to a distinct power input of any number of servers. The PDU 204 performs the operation 222 and forwards, on each of its power inputs, a modified return reachability signal 224 for each instance of the return reachability signal 220.
At operation 226, the UPS 202 stores a reference between the following information elements in a database:
If the UPS 202 has broadcasted the reachability signal 212 from a plurality of its power outputs or if the PDU 204 has broadcasted the modified reachability signal 216 from a plurality of its own power outputs, the UPS 202 may receive numerous instances of the modified return reachability signal 224 that each correspond to a distinct server or to a distinct power input of any number of servers. The UPS 202 performs the operation 226 for each instance of the modified return reachability signal 224.
Many variations of the sequence 200 may be contemplated. In a non-limiting example, a database may be integrated within the UPS 202, in which case there may be no need to store the ID of the UPS 202 in that database. The UPS 202 and the PDU 204 may be communicatively coupled with the same external database. In another non-limiting example, the ID of the power input of the PDU 204 may not be included in the modified reachability signal 216 because it may suffice to include it in the modified return reachability signal 224. In yet another non-limiting example, the reachability signal 212 may omit the ID of the UPS 202 and the ID of the power output of the UPS 202 when it is known that this power output of the UPS 202 is connected to the power input of the PDU 204 via one and only one cable. The provided examples show including all available ID information in each of the signals 212, 216, 220 and 224, but the skilled reader will be able to implement the sequence 200 without including some of these IDs in some of the signals 212, 216, 220 or 224.
It will be appreciated that the reachability signal 212, modified reachability signal 216, return reachability signal 220 and modified return reachability signal 224 may be exchanged between the various elements of the network 200 whether electrical power is applied by the UPS 202 to the PDU 204 and to the server 206, as long as these elements are connected via cables. However, in an embodiment, the echo request and echo reply signals 212, 216, 220 and 224 may be implemented over a power line communication (PLC) protocol. According to this protocol, signals such as the signals 212, 216, 220 and 224 can be transported on a modulated carrier signal added to the actual power feed.
The UPS 202 further includes a processor 238 connected to a memory 240 that may store configuration information for the UPS 202. The memory 240 may also store non-transitory executable code that, when executed by the processor 238, cause the UPS 202 to implement the various functions of the UPS 202 described in the foregoing description of
On
In the UPS 202, each of the power outputs 234 is adapted to supply electric power via a respective cable (not shown) connected thereto and to send and receive signals via the cable. The processor 238 is operatively connected, either to the database 244 or to a remote database (not shown) via the communication device 246. The processor 238 is also operatively connected to the power outputs 234, via the modem 242 and the power circuit 232. The processor 238 may cause any one of the power outputs 234 to send a reachability signal on the cable on which it is connected. The processor 238 then receives, from the power output 234, a return reachability signal comprising an ID of a load. The processor 238 causes the database to store a reference between an ID of the power output 234 and the ID of the load. The ID of the power output 234 may for example be part of configuration information stored in the memory 240.
In an embodiment, the processor 238 may cause broadcasting of the reachability signal on each of the power outputs 234, following which one or more return reachability signals are received on each of the power outputs 234. The processor 238 causes the database to store a reference between an ID of each power output 234 having received a return reachability signal and an ID of a load included in that return reachability signal.
When a given power output 234 is connected to a PDU, the return reachability signal may include an ID of the PDU as well as IDs of a power input and of a power output of the PDU. The processor 238 adds these IDs in the reference to be stored in the database. Also in that case, the given power output 234 may receive a plurality of return reachability signals from the PDU, each return reachability signal comprising an ID of a load. The processor 238 causes the database to store a reference between an ID of the power output 234, the ID of the PDU, the ID of the power input of the PDU, the ID of the power output of the PDU, and the ID of the load.
Without limitation, the reachability signal and the return reachability signal may respectively be an ICMP echo request signal and an ICMP echo reply signal. Also without limitation, these signals may be transported over the PLC protocol. The modem 242 may implement the PLC protocol, generate the reachability signal, and interpret the return reachability signal.
The PDU 204 further includes a processor 258 connected to a memory 260 that may store configuration information for the PDU 204. The memory 260 may also store non-transitory executable code that, when executed by the processor 258, cause the PDU 204 to implement the various functions of the PDU 204 described in the foregoing description of
On
In the PDU 204, the power input 250 is adapted to receive electric power via a cable (not shown) connected thereto and to send and receive signals via the cable. Each of the power outputs 254 is adapted to supply electric power via a respective cable (not shown) connected thereto and to send and receive signals via the cable. The processor 258 may optionally be connected to a database. In a variant, the optional database is the database 264. In another variant, the optional database is a remote database (not shown) connectable to the communication device 266. The processor 258 is operatively connected to the power input 250 and to the power outputs 254, via the modem 262 and the power circuit 252. The processor 258 may receive a reachability signal from the power input 250 and cause any one of the power outputs 254 to forward a modified reachability signal on the cable on which it is connected. The processor 258 then receives, from one or more the power output 254, one or more return reachability signals that each comprises an ID of a load. The processor 258 causes the power input 250 to forward, for each received return reachability signal, a modified return reachability signal comprising the ID of the load on the cable on which it is connected.
In an embodiment, the reachability signal further comprises an ID of a power source connected by cable to the power input 250 and an ID of a power output of the power source, in which case the modified reachability signal further comprises the ID of the power source, the ID of the power output of the power source, an ID of the PDU 204 and an ID of the power output 254. The return reachability signal may further comprises the ID of the power source, the ID of the power output of the power source, the ID of the PDU 204 and the ID of the power output 254, in which case the modified return reachability signal further comprises the ID of the power source, the ID of the power output of the power source, the ID of the PDU 204, the ID of the power output 254 and an ID of the power input 250. IDs of the PDU 204, of the power input 250 and of the power output 254 may for example be part of configuration information stored in the memory 260.
The processor 258 may cause each of the power outputs 254 to forward the modified reachability signal, in broadcast fashion, on respective cables. The processor 258 may then receive, from each given one of the power outputs 254, a return reachability signal comprising an ID of a respective load. The processor 258 then causes the power input 250 to forward a modified return reachability signal comprising an ID of the given one of the power outputs of the PDU 254 and the ID of the respective load.
The modem 262 may implement the PLC protocol, generate the modified reachability signal and the modified return reachability signal and, interpret the reachability signal and the return reachability signal.
As in the case of the UPS 202, and without limitation, the reachability signal and the return reachability signal may respectively be an ICMP echo request signal and an ICMP echo reply signal. Also without limitation, these signals may be transported over the PLC protocol.
While the above-described implementations have been described and shown with reference to particular steps performed in a particular order, it will be understood that these steps may be combined, sub-divided, or re-ordered without departing from the teachings of the present technology. At least some of the steps may be executed in parallel or in series. Accordingly, the order and grouping of the steps is not a limitation of the present technology.
It should be expressly understood that not all technical effects mentioned herein need to be enjoyed in each and every embodiment of the present technology.
The systems and methods for identifying a connection path between a power source and a load implemented in accordance with some non-limiting embodiments of the present technology can be represented as follows, presented in numbered clauses.
Modifications and improvements to the above-described implementations of the present technology may become apparent to those skilled in the art. The foregoing description is intended to be exemplary rather than limiting. The scope of the present technology is therefore intended to be limited solely by the scope of the appended claims.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 18315010 | Jun 2018 | EP | regional |
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1041381 | Hwa | Aug 1977 | A |
| 5319571 | Langer et al. | Jun 1994 | A |
| 6400802 | Legare | Jun 2002 | B1 |
| 6417672 | Chong | Jul 2002 | B1 |
| 6574576 | Chen et al. | Jun 2003 | B2 |
| 6690177 | Dalebroux | Feb 2004 | B2 |
| 6917888 | Logvinov et al. | Jul 2005 | B2 |
| 7030734 | Butler | Apr 2006 | B2 |
| 7030771 | Kinnard et al. | Apr 2006 | B2 |
| 7031859 | Piesinger | Apr 2006 | B2 |
| 7034663 | Mansfield et al. | Apr 2006 | B2 |
| 7203849 | Dove | Apr 2007 | B2 |
| 7254511 | Niedzwiecki et al. | Aug 2007 | B2 |
| 7269753 | Farkas | Sep 2007 | B2 |
| 7308591 | Dubinsky | Dec 2007 | B2 |
| 7532011 | Shi | May 2009 | B2 |
| 7646225 | Song et al. | Jan 2010 | B2 |
| 7701325 | White | Apr 2010 | B2 |
| 7870374 | Cagno et al. | Jan 2011 | B2 |
| 7877622 | Gruendler | Jan 2011 | B2 |
| 8010336 | Chaiquin | Aug 2011 | B2 |
| 8077049 | Yaney et al. | Dec 2011 | B2 |
| 8165723 | Nasle | Apr 2012 | B2 |
| 8188855 | Sharma | May 2012 | B2 |
| 8239073 | Fausak et al. | Aug 2012 | B2 |
| 8305737 | Ewing et al. | Nov 2012 | B2 |
| 8359177 | Lelong et al. | Jan 2013 | B2 |
| 8494661 | Ewing et al. | Jul 2013 | B2 |
| 8494686 | Masters et al. | Jul 2013 | B2 |
| 8497779 | Waide | Jul 2013 | B1 |
| 8564920 | Smith et al. | Oct 2013 | B1 |
| 8635484 | Turicchi et al. | Jan 2014 | B2 |
| 8639459 | Morales et al. | Jan 2014 | B1 |
| 8726045 | Goodrum et al. | May 2014 | B2 |
| 8729905 | McCormack et al. | May 2014 | B2 |
| 8732508 | Cochran et al. | May 2014 | B2 |
| 8914250 | Dzung et al. | Dec 2014 | B2 |
| 9122466 | Kellett et al. | Sep 2015 | B1 |
| 9143197 | Vijayasankar et al. | Sep 2015 | B2 |
| 9182795 | Hill et al. | Nov 2015 | B1 |
| 9210257 | Hall et al. | Dec 2015 | B2 |
| 9213380 | Bandholz et al. | Dec 2015 | B2 |
| 9608440 | Familiant et al. | Mar 2017 | B2 |
| 9835662 | Driscoll et al. | Dec 2017 | B2 |
| 9841449 | Mikulka et al. | Dec 2017 | B2 |
| 9871406 | Churnock et al. | Jan 2018 | B1 |
| 9965013 | McGee et al. | May 2018 | B1 |
| 10459016 | Driscoll et al. | Oct 2019 | B2 |
| 10571493 | Sonderegger | Feb 2020 | B2 |
| 10831251 | Ross | Nov 2020 | B1 |
| 20030084112 | Curray et al. | May 2003 | A1 |
| 20060085346 | Riley | Apr 2006 | A1 |
| 20070002506 | Papallo et al. | Jan 2007 | A1 |
| 20070054622 | Berkman | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070135086 | Stanford | Jun 2007 | A1 |
| 20070162620 | Terry et al. | Jul 2007 | A1 |
| 20070189302 | Lee et al. | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070191992 | Taliaferro | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070205664 | Kawakubo | Sep 2007 | A1 |
| 20080221737 | Josephson et al. | Sep 2008 | A1 |
| 20080303353 | Yu et al. | Dec 2008 | A1 |
| 20090089594 | Cagno et al. | Apr 2009 | A1 |
| 20090189774 | Brundridge et al. | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090207753 | Bieganski | Aug 2009 | A1 |
| 20090210178 | Bieganski | Aug 2009 | A1 |
| 20090217073 | Brech | Aug 2009 | A1 |
| 20090282274 | Langgood et al. | Nov 2009 | A1 |
| 20090287943 | Brey et al. | Nov 2009 | A1 |
| 20090287949 | Bradicich et al. | Nov 2009 | A1 |
| 20100204850 | Henderieckx | Aug 2010 | A1 |
| 20110047188 | Martins | Feb 2011 | A1 |
| 20110116387 | Beeco et al. | May 2011 | A1 |
| 20110167282 | Brown et al. | Jul 2011 | A1 |
| 20110218689 | Chan et al. | Sep 2011 | A1 |
| 20110320827 | Siegman | Dec 2011 | A1 |
| 20120117392 | Turicchi et al. | May 2012 | A1 |
| 20120189042 | Varadarajan et al. | Jul 2012 | A1 |
| 20120223840 | Guymon et al. | Sep 2012 | A1 |
| 20120239958 | Archibald et al. | Sep 2012 | A1 |
| 20120330472 | Boot | Dec 2012 | A1 |
| 20130002409 | Molina et al. | Jan 2013 | A1 |
| 20130020868 | Wu et al. | Jan 2013 | A1 |
| 20130073882 | Inbaraj et al. | Mar 2013 | A1 |
| 20130123998 | King et al. | May 2013 | A1 |
| 20130241284 | Santini et al. | Sep 2013 | A1 |
| 20130253861 | Nicholson et al. | Sep 2013 | A1 |
| 20140115353 | Hutten et al. | Apr 2014 | A1 |
| 20140143578 | Cenizal et al. | May 2014 | A1 |
| 20140164812 | Alshinnawi et al. | Jun 2014 | A1 |
| 20140164814 | Henise et al. | Jun 2014 | A1 |
| 20140177736 | Alshinnawi | Jun 2014 | A1 |
| 20140181564 | Alshinnawi et al. | Jun 2014 | A1 |
| 20140355610 | Ge et al. | Dec 2014 | A1 |
| 20150074431 | Nguyen | Mar 2015 | A1 |
| 20150177814 | Bailey et al. | Jun 2015 | A1 |
| 20160195911 | Chapel et al. | Jul 2016 | A1 |
| 20160337512 | Kalavai | Nov 2016 | A1 |
| 20160378631 | Calio et al. | Dec 2016 | A1 |
| 20170149243 | Dozier et al. | May 2017 | A1 |
| 20170327242 | Lopez et al. | Nov 2017 | A1 |
| 20180052431 | Shaikh et al. | Feb 2018 | A1 |
| 20180074561 | Wang et al. | Mar 2018 | A1 |
| 20180131163 | Jen et al. | May 2018 | A1 |
| 20180337554 | Thomas et al. | Nov 2018 | A1 |
| 20190123580 | Bindea et al. | Apr 2019 | A1 |
| 20190243977 | Pfleger et al. | Aug 2019 | A1 |
| 20190377394 | Klaba | Dec 2019 | A1 |
| 20200021106 | Thibaut et al. | Jan 2020 | A1 |
| 20200042068 | Rong et al. | Feb 2020 | A1 |
| 20200142465 | Jenne et al. | May 2020 | A1 |
| 20200293101 | Krueger et al. | Sep 2020 | A1 |
| 20200295591 | Mohan et al. | Sep 2020 | A1 |
| 20210013735 | Pachoud et al. | Jan 2021 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 1725707 | Jan 2006 | CN |
| 1917433 | Feb 2007 | CN |
| 101983494 | Aug 2014 | CN |
| 110601723 | Dec 2019 | CN |
| 10112844 | Sep 2002 | DE |
| 0724799 | Aug 1996 | EP |
| 2158726 | Mar 2010 | EP |
| 2260611 | Aug 2014 | EP |
| 2863723 | Apr 2015 | EP |
| 2572165 | Nov 2017 | EP |
| 3272071 | Jan 2018 | EP |
| 3065250 | Nov 2018 | EP |
| 3595120 | Jan 2020 | EP |
| 3033969 | Mar 2017 | FR |
| 200435020 | Jan 2007 | KR |
| 100849920 | Aug 2008 | KR |
| WO9501030 | Jan 1995 | WO |
| 03073177 | Sep 2003 | WO |
| 2006037605 | Apr 2006 | WO |
| 2008157668 | Jan 2009 | WO |
| 2009105169 | Aug 2009 | WO |
| 2009123586 | Oct 2009 | WO |
| 2010151835 | Dec 2010 | WO |
| 2013111760 | Aug 2013 | WO |
| 2016151217 | Sep 2016 | WO |
| 2017158608 | Sep 2017 | WO |
| 2019172519 | Sep 2019 | WO |
| Entry |
|---|
| English Abstract for EP3065250 retrieved on Espacenet on Dec. 23, 2020. |
| English Abstract for CN110601723 retrieved on Espacenet on Dec. 23, 2020. |
| English Abstract for CN101983494 retrieved on Espacenet on Dec. 23, 2020. |
| English Abstract for CN 1917433 retrieved on Espacenet on Dec. 23, 2020. |
| English Abstract for CN 1725707 retrieved on Espacenet on Dec. 23, 2020. |
| English Description and Claims for KR200435020 retrieved on Espacenet on Dec. 23, 2020. |
| Galli et al., “For the Grid and Through the Grid: The Role of Power Line Communications in the Smart Grid”, The Proceedings of the IEEE, 2011, pp. 1-26. |
| Peng et al., “AMI Based Sensing Architecture for Smart Grid in IPV6 Networks”, International Journal on Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems 9.4: 2111(20). Exeley Inc. (Dec. 2016), pp. 1-8. |
| Luka et al., “Power Line Communications: A Platform for Sustainable Development”, Research Gate, 3rd International Conference of African Development Issues, 2016, pp. 46-51. |
| Zhang et al., “Hybrid Communication Architectures for Distributed Smart Grid Applications”, Energies, MDPI, 2018, vol. 11, pp. 1-16. |
| Rinaldi et al., “Performance analysis of power line communication in industrial power distribution network”, Computer Standards & Interfaces, 2015, vol. 42, pp. 9-16. |
| Mlynek et al., “Simulation of Achievable Data Rates of Broadband Power Line Communication for Smart Metering”, Applied Sciences, MDPI, 2019, vol. 9, pp. 1-22. |
| European Search Report with regard to the Patent Application No. 20315274.9 completed Oct. 19, 2020. |
| European Search Report with regard to the Patent Application No. 20315275.6 completed Oct. 23, 2020. |
| English Abstract for FR3033969 retrieved on Espacenet on Jan. 19, 2021. |
| Notice of Allowance with regard to the counterpart U.S. Appl. No. 17/308,820 dated Aug. 2, 2021. |
| European Search Report with regard to EP Patent Application EP 18315010 dated Aug. 7, 2018. |
| English Abstract of KR100849920 retrieved on Espacenet on Apr. 23, 2019. |
| English Abstract of DE10112844 retrieved on Espacenet on Apr. 23, 2019. |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20190377394 A1 | Dec 2019 | US |
