Patent Application
20230314497
Aspects of the present invention generally relate to methods and systems for source identification of a fault such as arc fault or ground fault event in a communicating panel.
The customer or end user of a residential power distribution system does not have an understanding of the complete layout of their power distribution system panel readily available to help trouble shoot issues or problems which will arise in their home or private dwelling or residence. The end user (homeowner or electrical contractor) is often facing the need to identify a source of such an issue and may not understand the source that caused an event such as a residential circuit breaker tripping or disengaging a load as a result of a fault condition.
In some cases, circuit breakers tripped or loads in a circuit disengaged because of “electronic” noisy loads, arc fault events or ground fault events and/or an overload condition within the same circuit.
There are other cases, when this is not the reason. In these cases for example, an arc fault circuit interrupter (AFCI) or a ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) can trip as a result of a load on a separate circuit misbehaving either because of a fault condition or some other reason. In this case, diagnosing the exact nature of the fault or the cause of the fault or the circuit that may have caused the tripping is missed. The homeowner or electrical contractor will spend extra time debugging individual circuits or branches originating from a power distribution system panel to find what caused the tripping event or focus only on the device monitoring the branch that resulted in trip and mis-diagnose the issue.
Although newer AFCI, GFCI, and Dual Function AFCI (DF AFCI) devices today have light emitting diode (LED), which can be energized or controlled through the operations of intelligent hardware through microprocessors or microcontrollers for indications and in some cases, store information such as fault events or waveforms of the load conditions that may identify the fault conditions within the non volatile memory components either as stand alone components or integrated within the microprocessors or microcontrollers even though the end users are not be aware of the conditions that caused the circuit breaker to trip or disengage the loads connected to specific branches.
In absence of real accurate methods of identifying the exact nature of the fault, end user (homeowner or electrical contractor) conduct their evaluation on individual circuits one by one to rule out the nature of the fault before identifying the potential root causes. Since this evaluation is based on experience and pre-existing norms of wiring standards, there are prone to human error present in the identification. Further the increased introduction of significant electronic noise generating smart devices can sometimes interfere with the functionality of an electronic circuit breaker and further cause trouble for the end user to correctly identify the root cause of the fault events.
Therefore, there is a need for a better branch or panel fault analysis system or method.
Briefly described, aspects of the present invention relate to a branch or a panel fault analysis system or method for source identification of a fault such as arc fault or ground fault event in a Communicating Panel. There is a need for an AFCI/GFCI circuit breaker to include a means to identify the source of the fault that resulted in a breaker trip event. There is a need for the adjacent AFCI/GFCI breakers to record the relative proximity to the faulty circuit, record the fault condition and relay this information to a remote device easily accessible by the end user. With the advent of cellular mobile devices (cell phones or tablets with a wireless connection) and the usage of cellular mobile devices in daily life, it is assumed that this information can be relayed seemlessly to a cellular mobile device of the end user.
This invention intends to resolve the technical difficulty of understanding relative positioning of each electronic circuit breaker. It also incorporates AFCI/GFCI circuit breakers with the means to identify the surrounding circuits and locations within a residential power distribution system or a panel and to continuously monitor the status of each electronic circuit breaker.
Once all the electronic circuit breaker have been installed successfully in a panel, each circuit breaker is able to communicate with its neighboring electronic circuit breaker and transfer this “mesh” information to a remote display device. This process is also described in another words as following the installed breaker when turned ON or powered by turning the handle to an ON position, complete their installation process and during this installation process, the electronic circuit breakers are able to establish a wireless communication, conduct a self-diagnostics to establish operation and complete a commissioning phase. In the commissioning phase, the electronic circuit breakers conduct a self-discovery of surrounding electronic circuit breakers, thereby confirming their proximity and spatial presence with surrounding breakers. After the self-discovery is complete, the “panel” of electronic circuit breakers sends notification and uploads via a user interface that breaker(s) are working properly to a registered cellular mobile device of the end user. For example, the electronic circuit breaker shall be able to identify its own location and the location of its nearest neighbors using a proximity sensor or some other equivalent means.
In accordance with one illustrative embodiment of the present invention, a branch fault analysis system comprises an application running on a mobile device. The application is configured to display a physical location and conditions experienced by each electronic circuit breaker of a plurality of electronic circuit breakers. The system further comprises an electronic circuit breaker that includes trip identification means to clearly identify a branch that resulted in a breaker trip event, record and relay this information to the mobile device for an end user, and one or more proximity sensors to achieve the physical location of the electronic circuit breaker in a panel. A load current, a voltage and noise levels are continuously monitored for each electronic circuit breaker of the plurality of electronic circuit breakers and displayed in the application with time stamps, and wherein in an event of a trip condition, the application is configured to use conditions of the time stamps to highlight the branch that resulted in a trip.
In accordance with one illustrative embodiment of the present invention, a panel fault analysis system comprises a mobile device and/or a home automation network (HAN) with an available display and an aggregator or a gateway device. The system further comprises an application running on the mobile device or the home automation network (HAN) is configured to display a physical location and conditions experienced by each electronic circuit breaker of a plurality of electronic circuit breakers. The application running on the mobile device or the home automation network (HAN) is able to communicate with the aggregator or the gateway device to receive information from all individual breakers of the plurality of electronic circuit breakers. The system further comprises an electronic circuit breaker including trip identification means to clearly identify a branch that resulted in a breaker trip event, record and relay this information to the mobile device and or the home automation network (HAN) for an end user through the aggregator or a gateway device. The electronic circuit breaker monitoring each branch would need to communicate to the aggregator or gateway device. The electronic circuit breaker further comprises one or more proximity sensors to achieve the physical location of the electronic circuit breaker in a panel. A load current, a voltage and noise levels are continuously monitored for each electronic circuit breaker of the plurality of electronic circuit breakers and displayed in the application with time stamps. In an event of a trip condition, the application is configured to use conditions of the time stamps to highlight the branch that resulted in a trip.
To facilitate an understanding of embodiments, principles, and features of the present invention, they are explained hereinafter with reference to implementation in illustrative embodiments. In particular, they are described in the context of a branch or a panel fault analysis system or method for source identification of a fault such as an arc fault or a ground fault event in a Communicating Panel. Embodiments of the present invention, however, are not limited to use in the described devices or methods.
The components and materials described hereinafter as making up the various embodiments are intended to be illustrative and not restrictive. Many suitable components and materials that would perform the same or a similar function as the materials described herein are intended to be embraced within the scope of embodiments of the present invention.
These and other embodiments of the fault analysis system or method according to the present disclosure are described below with reference to
Consistent with one embodiment of the present invention,
The application 105 running on the mobile device 107 has a time stamp 137(1) that is included with predefined intervals 145 to monitor the voltage 135(2), the load current 135(1) and the noise levels 135(3) and a position 147 for each branch circuit of a plurality of branch circuits 150(1-m). The application 105 further comprises an algorithm 152 that includes a method 155 for comparing the time stamp 137(1) of conditions if a trip occurs and identify a specific electronic circuit breaker 115(1).
The algorithm 152 includes a method 157 wherein a time stamped overload condition 160 is evaluated such that the algorithm 152 identifies the electronic circuit breaker 115(1) with an overload condition that triggered the breaker trip event 122. The algorithm 152 establishes a baseline of the noise levels 135(3) on each functioning branch circuit of the plurality of branch circuits 150(1-m) and compares this value to an acceptable noise level. The algorithm includes a notification 162 of an abnormal condition that exceeds a baseline used to determine a faulty branch 120 that resulted in the trip condition 140. The algorithm includes an accumulation 165 of a noise level of the faulty branch 120 that tripped and upper most noise levels to identify the faulty branch 120 that resulted in the branch trip event 122.
The algorithm 152 includes a color code 167 that represents the noise levels 135(3) and/or overload conditions 160 of each branch circuit of the plurality of branch circuits 150(1-m). A green color represents normal noise levels and overload conditions, a yellow color indicates elevated noise level and overload conditions, and a red color indicates excess noise level and overload conditions. A color code method may be used to identify abnormal conditions in voltage 135(2) and current 135(1) levels.
Referring to
The panel fault analysis system 200 further comprises an electronic circuit breaker 215(1) that includes a trip identification means 217 to clearly identify a branch 220 that resulted in a breaker trip event 222, record and relay this information to the mobile device 207 and or the home automation network (HAN) 209 for an end user through the aggregator or a gateway device 213. The electronic circuit breaker 215(1) monitoring each branch would need to communicate to the aggregator or gateway device 213. The electronic circuit breaker 215(1) further includes one or more proximity sensors 225 to achieve the physical location 210(1) of the electronic circuit breaker 215(1) in a panel 230. A load current 235(1), a voltage 235(2) and noise levels 235(3) are continuously monitored for each electronic circuit breaker of the plurality of electronic circuit breakers 215(1-n) and displayed in the application 205 with time stamps 237. In an event of a trip condition 240, the application 205 is configured to use conditions of the time stamps 237 to highlight the branch 220 that resulted in a trip.
The application 205 running on the mobile device 207 or the display 211 which is part of the home automation network (HAN) 209 further comprises an algorithm 252 wherein a time stamp 237(1) is included with predefined intervals 245 to monitor the voltage 235(2), the load current 235(1) and the noise levels 235(3) and a position 247 for each branch circuit of a plurality of branch circuits 250(1-m).
Individual branch time stamp information is communicated to the aggregator or the gateway device 213 for processing and relayed to the mobile device 207 and/or the home automation network (HAN) 209. Individual branch time stamp information of the noise levels 235(3) is communicated to the aggregator or the gateway device 213 for processing and relayed to the mobile device 207 and/or the home automation network (HAN) 209 such that the gateway device 213 identifies the branch 220 with an excessive noise level condition that could trigger a trip event and relay the information to the mobile device 207 and/or the home automation network (HAN) 209. Individual branch time stamp information of overload conditions 260 is communicated to the aggregator or the gateway device 213 for processing and relay information to the mobile device 207 and/or the home automation network (HAN) 209 such that the gateway device 213 identifies the branch 220 with an excessive overload condition that could trigger a trip event and relay the information to the mobile device 207 and/or the home automation network (HAN) 209.
The algorithm 252 of the application 205 running on the mobile device 207 or the display 211 which is part of the home automation network (HAN) 209 establishes a baseline of the noise levels 235(3) and the overload conditions 260 on each functioning branch circuit of a plurality of branch circuits 250(1-m) and compares this value to an acceptable noise level.
The algorithm 252 further includes a notification 262 of an abnormal noise and an abnormal overload condition that exceeds the baseline used to determine a faulty branch 120 that resulted in the trip condition 240. The algorithm 252 further includes an accumulation 265 of a noise level of the faulty branch 220 that tripped and upper most noise levels to identify the faulty branch that resulted in the breaker trip event 222. The algorithm 252 further includes a color code 267 that represents the noise levels 235(3) and the overload conditions 260 of each branch circuit of the plurality of branch circuits 250(1-m). The algorithm 252 includes a green color that represents normal noise levels and overload conditions, a yellow color that indicates elevated noise level and overload conditions, and a red color that indicates excess noise level and overload conditions.
Turning now to
One embodiment of this spatial and address recognition of the breakers is through slight modification to the way the breaker #1 305 is installed in a residential load panel 310. A panel position identifier can be introduced to the breaker #1 305 so it can self-recognize itself for example as breaker #1 305 on the top left side.
In this embodiment, a plastic accessory 315 as identified in the
As seen in
As shown in
In
After sending the notification 705 to the mobile device 710 and/or a home information center an end user can through a special application (app) running either on the mobile device 710 or the home information center navigate to a view of a residential power distribution system or a “panel”. Such an example is shown in
With regards to
With respect to
As part of this mobile application (app), each electronic circuit breaker (AFCI/GFCI) shall have the ability to communicate its own current operational status and neighboring devices status within the panel. If the self-diagnostics returns success, the status for the specific location would be stored as OK. If the self-diagnostics returns a failure or if a specific location encounters an arc fault/ground fault/instantaneous fault event, the status/address/location specific information would be sent to all the AFCI/GFCI circuit breakers in the panel along with the type of the event that occurred.
Since the AFCI/GFCI circuit breakers are constantly sending their own and neighboring breaker status to the mobile application (app), this would allow the information to be transmitted with a spatial notation to the end user through the mobile application (app) running on the mobile device 710. This allows an end user the ability to quickly identify the specific breaker that experienced an issue during the operation, from any AFCI/GFCI circuit breaker in the panel as set forth in
One example of this alert or alarm message could incorporate a voice activated assistant such as commonly available solutions such as Amazon Alexa or similar when available to be able to inform the user about the concerned alert or alarm.
The U.S. Pat. No. 7,864,492 entitled “Systems and Methods for Arc Fault Detection” to Restrepo et al. describes detecting a high frequency component of a sinusoidal electrical power signal also called as received signal strength indication (RSSI) being indicative of the power of the signal content. Monitoring this signal, the electronic circuit breaker can provide indications of the presence of fault like conditions which govern the way the arc fault circuit interrupters provide safety to the downstream loads.
In this specific example, one of the circuit breakers 1000(1) is connected to a load 1005(1) consisting of a lamp or a similar load which is drawing a load current less than 5 amperes. For the sake of this example, it is assumed that this first branch 1010(1) is experiencing a fault condition in the wiring and correspondingly generating a RF noise that can be recognized by the electronic circuit breaker 1000(1) as a fault inducing noise. While the load 1005(1) itself is drawing less than 5 Amps, the branch 1010(1) is not required to result in a trip per definition of the safe operation as detailed in UL standard #1699 also known as UL 1699. In another neighboring second branch 1010(2), a companion breaker 1000(2) is turned on, however, a switch 1015 to enable a load 1005(2) is off resulting in a no active load.
For example, the RF noise 1200 could be categorized as present in a low presence as good or fair RF noise 1205(1) and in a high presence as bad or fault inducing RF noise 1205(2), for example, as shown in
If these parameters are within the acceptable limits the status would be stored as OK for the specific location or address. If, however, the parameters are outside the acceptable limits or if the electronic circuit breaker has encountered an arc fault/ground fault/instantaneous fault event on a specific circuit, the status/address/location would be sent to the main controlling unit 1605 within the panel 1607 along with the type of the event that occurred. From the main controlling unit 1605, the recorded status can be sent to a cellular mobile device running on iOS or Android environment or a home automation/central panel through a voice over IP (VoIP) connection or via a cloud data service over Internet in a Home Automated Network (HAN) that includes pop-up graphics that alert or reach the end user's attention. This would allow the end user to have an ability to identify a specific circuit breaker that experienced an issue during operation from any electronic circuit breaker within the panel 1607.
In the case of the main controlling unit 1605 monitoring continuously the status of each circuit breaker, the relevant information would be sent to multiple home devices and/or cellular mobile devices. If all the circuit breakers status are OK, the circuit breaker status/locations are recorded and displayed in the media (Application running on the cell phone, tablet etc. and the home information center). In the occurrence of a fault event such as arc fault/ground fault/instantaneous fault, the location of the electronic circuit breaker that tripped is recorded along with identifying the electronic circuit breaker and its location where the fault event was originally started.
While a cellular mobile device such as a cell phone or a mobile phone is described here a range of one or more other wireless devices are also contemplated by the present invention. For example, other wireless devices may be implemented based on one or more features presented above without deviating from the spirit of the present invention.
The techniques described herein can be particularly useful for different types of circuit breakers or circuit interrupting devices. While particular embodiments are described in terms of AFCI, GFCI breakers, the techniques described herein are not limited to such circuit breakers but can also be used with other circuit breakers.
While embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed in exemplary forms, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many modifications, additions, and deletions can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and its equivalents, as set forth in the following claims.
Embodiments and the various features and advantageous details thereof are explained more fully with reference to the non-limiting embodiments that are illustrated in the accompanying drawings and detailed in the following description. Descriptions of well-known starting materials, processing techniques, components and equipment are omitted so as not to unnecessarily obscure embodiments in detail. It should be understood, however, that the detailed description and the specific examples, while indicating preferred embodiments, are given by way of illustration only and not by way of limitation. Various substitutions, modifications, additions and/or rearrangements within the spirit and/or scope of the underlying inventive concept will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this disclosure.
As used herein, the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes,” “including,” “has,” “having” or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, article, or apparatus.
Additionally, any examples or illustrations given herein are not to be regarded in any way as restrictions on, limits to, or express definitions of, any term or terms with which they are utilized. Instead, these examples or illustrations are to be regarded as being described with respect to one particular embodiment and as illustrative only. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that any term or terms with which these examples or illustrations are utilized will encompass other embodiments which may or may not be given therewith or elsewhere in the specification and all such embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of that term or terms.
In the foregoing specification, the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments. However, one of ordinary skill in the art appreciates that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the specification and figures are to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense, and all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of invention.
Although the invention has been described with respect to specific embodiments thereof, these embodiments are merely illustrative, and not restrictive of the invention. The description herein of illustrated embodiments of the invention is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed herein (and in particular, the inclusion of any particular embodiment, feature or function is not intended to limit the scope of the invention to such embodiment, feature or function). Rather, the description is intended to describe illustrative embodiments, features and functions in order to provide a person of ordinary skill in the art context to understand the invention without limiting the invention to any particularly described embodiment, feature or function. While specific embodiments of, and examples for, the invention are described herein for illustrative purposes only, various equivalent modifications are possible within the spirit and scope of the invention, as those skilled in the relevant art will recognize and appreciate. As indicated, these modifications may be made to the invention in light of the foregoing description of illustrated embodiments of the invention and are to be included within the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, while the invention has been described herein with reference to particular embodiments thereof, a latitude of modification, various changes and substitutions are intended in the foregoing disclosures, and it will be appreciated that in some instances some features of embodiments of the invention will be employed without a corresponding use of other features without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention as set forth. Therefore, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the essential scope and spirit of the invention.
Respective appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment,” “in an embodiment,” or “in a specific embodiment” or similar terminology in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics of any particular embodiment may be combined in any suitable manner with one or more other embodiments. It is to be understood that other variations and modifications of the embodiments described and illustrated herein are possible in light of the teachings herein and are to be considered as part of the spirit and scope of the invention.
In the description herein, numerous specific details are provided, such as examples of components and/or methods, to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the invention. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize, however, that an embodiment may be able to be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or with other apparatus, systems, assemblies, methods, components, materials, parts, and/or the like. In other instances, well-known structures, components, systems, materials, or operations are not specifically shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of embodiments of the invention. While the invention may be illustrated by using a particular embodiment, this is not and does not limit the invention to any particular embodiment and a person of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that additional embodiments are readily understandable and are a part of this invention.
It will also be appreciated that one or more of the elements depicted in the drawings/figures can also be implemented in a more separated or integrated manner, or even removed or rendered as inoperable in certain cases, as is useful in accordance with a particular application.
Benefits, other advantages, and solutions to problems have been described above with regard to specific embodiments. However, the benefits, advantages, solutions to problems, and any component(s) that may cause any benefit, advantage, or solution to occur or become more pronounced are not to be construed as a critical, required, or essential feature or component.
