After a wellbore has been drilled, the wellbore typically is cased by inserting lengths of steel pipe (“casing sections”) connected end-to-end into the wellbore. Threaded exterior rings called couplings or collars are typically used to connect adjacent ends of the casing sections at casing joints. The result is a “casing string” including casing sections and connecting collars that extends from the surface to a bottom of the wellbore. The casing string is then cemented in place to complete the casing operation. Well completion is then achieved by perforating the casing to provide access to one or more desired formations, e.g., to enable fluid from the formation(s) to enter the wellbore.
Hydraulic fracturing is an operating technique where a fracturing fluid, typically water with selected additives, is pumped into a completed well under high pressure. The high pressure fluid causes fractures to form and propagate within the surrounding geological formation, making it easier for formation fluids to reach the wellbore. After the fracturing is complete, the pressure is reduced, allowing most of the fracturing fluid to flow back into the well. Some residual amount of the fracturing fluid may be expected to remain in the surrounding formation and perhaps flow back to the well over time as other fluids are produced from the formation.
In addition to or as part of hydraulic fracturing processes, stimulation treatments may be considered. In the stimulation planning process (e.g., for fracturing treatments or matrix acidizing treatments), the goal is to determine the appropriate fluids, and the attributes of those fluids, for optimal stimulation of a wellbore. Costs of treatments also may be taken into account. During the stimulation planning process, multiple treatment stages, stage types, and fluids may be considered. Stage types, stage fluids, volumes, or other parameters, may be determined manually, or may result from a recommendation engine or algorithm. In either case, the resulting fluid selection information may be displayed for viewing and evaluation.
Information such as treatment fluid type, stage type, stage data, etc., is typically presented in a simple tabular form. However, for complex treatment job designs, a tabular presentation requires detailed review to comprehend. Existing techniques to determine and convey information for stimulation treatment planning are inefficient.
Accordingly, there are disclosed herein methods and systems using a fluid treatment polar graph. In the drawings:
The drawings show illustrative embodiments that will be described in detail. However, the description and accompanying drawings are not intended to limit the invention to the illustrative embodiments, but to the contrary, the intention is to disclose and protect all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Certain terms are used throughout the following description and claims to refer to particular system components. This document does not intend to distinguish between components that differ in name but not function. The terms “including” and “comprising” are used in an open-ended fashion, and thus should be interpreted to mean “including, but not limited to . . . ”.
The term “couple” or “couples” is intended to mean either an indirect or direct electrical, mechanical, or thermal connection. Thus, if a first device couples to a second device, that connection may be through a direct connection, or through an indirect connection via other devices and connections. Conversely, the term “connected” when unqualified should be interpreted to mean a direct connection. For an electrical connection, this term means that two elements are attached via an electrical path having essentially zero impedance.
Disclosed herein are systems and methods that employ fluid treatment polar graphs. The disclosed polar graphs may be used to visualize fluid treatment stage types and related fluid volumetrics coverage of treatment fluid over a reservoir interval. Further, the disclosed polar graphs may convey information regarding the order of treatment stage types, the effectiveness of fluid treatments, the cost of fluid treatments, or other details. In some embodiments, a treatment option interface and stage type details may be displayed with a corresponding polar graph to facilitate polar graph updates and review of treatment details. Further, a polar graph may be interactive (e.g., to enable treatment plan editing and/or selective display of information). Further, new treatments plans may be based on selection or modification of pre-existing polar graph templates.
To facilitate review and editing of a fluid treatment plan, a treatment options window 182 is provided with selectable options and a polar graph refresh function as described herein. Further, a stage details window 190 may be presented or filled with information upon selection of a particular stage type wedge of the polar graph 184. Without limitation, the stage details window 190 may include a stage type section 192, a fluid section 194, and an additives section 196. To enable quick access to particular features of the fluid treatment planning software related to screenshot 180, a dashboard 188 is displayed with selectable icons as described herein.
In the diagram 202, various other polar graph features are also represented. For example, a polar graph ring 212 surrounds stage types 204, 206, and 208. The polar graph ring 212 may include separators 214, 216, and 218 to help define stage type boundaries. The arcs between the different separators may be colored to match the stage types 204, 206, 208 (e.g., the line between separate 214 and 216 is colored to match the color of its corresponding stage type 208, and so on). In particular, the polar graph ring 212 is helpful when a particular stage type is very small and is otherwise difficult to view/select. The diagram 202 also shows a marker 198 representing a selection of stage type 204 for review (e.g., treatment options and stage details are viewable when a given stage type is selected). Further, directional arrow 200 shows a direction of progression (stage type 204 is first, then stage type 206, and finally stage type 208). Without limitation, a total, material, and/or volume score interface 210 may be positioned at the center of the polar graph of diagram 202 to indicate a score for the treatment plan represented by the polar graph. Further, a legend 186 for the polar graph of diagram 202 may be displayed. The legend 186 may include information sets for stage types 204, 206, 208.
The stage types 204, 206, or 208 may include a portion of the wedge-shaped graphic which is shaded or otherwise visually distinguished from the rest of the graphic. This shaded area may then represent another quantity relative to that particular stage type, including but not limited to a measure of sub-optimization. That is, if the fluid or its coverage and/or volume amount chosen or recommended for that stage type does not correlate to the highest material or volume score possible, then it could be deduced that the fluid or coverage and/or volume is sub-optimal. The amount to which this can be quantified is shown by a visually distinguished portion of the stage type graphic.
The polar graph features of
Without limitation, the polar graph features described herein may be utilized as part of a sales tool to facilitate discussion between a vendor and a client. As an example, the vendor may receive a request from or initiate discussion with a client to provide fluid treatment plan services or products. In response, the vendor may use fluid treatment planning software to review fluid treatment plan options, option costs, and option effectiveness. To select a fluid treatment plan, the vendor may receive information from the client regarding the downhole environment (e.g., wellbore dimensions or formation layer information) to be treated. During the discussion, the polar graph features described herein may be used to visualize and explain fluid treatment plan options. Further, the polar graph features may be used to explain and visualize differences between different fluid treatment plan options.
The disclosed systems and methods for utilizing treatment plan polar graphs may be based, in part, on the collection of downhole environment data.
The drill bit 14 is just one piece of a bottom-hole assembly that includes one or more drill collars (thick-walled steel pipe) to provide weight and rigidity to aid the drilling process. Some of these drill collars include built-in logging instruments to gather measurements of various drilling parameters such as position, orientation, weight-on-bit, borehole diameter, etc. An azimuthally sensitive tool 26 (such as a pulsed neutron logging tool, a gamma ray logging tool, an acoustic logging tool, or a resistivity logging tool) may be integrated into the bottom-hole assembly near the bit 14. In such case, tool 26 may rotate and collect azimuthally-sensitive formation property measurements. The measurements can be stored in internal memory and/or communicated to the surface. A telemetry sub 28 may be included in the bottom-hole assembly to maintain a communications link with the surface. Mud pulse telemetry is one common telemetry technique for transferring tool measurements to surface receivers 30 and receiving commands from the surface, but other telemetry techniques can also be used.
At various times during the drilling process, the drill string 8 may be removed from the borehole as shown in
As shown, computer system 43 includes user workstation 51 with a general processing system 46. The general processing system 46 is configured by software, shown in
Software executing on the user workstation 51 may present downhole environment information to the user of downhole fluid treatment planning software. In some embodiments, the user may manually enter or modify downhole environment information for use by downhole fluid treatment planning software via a suitable user interface. Additionally or alternatively, downhole fluid treatment planning software may automatically receive or retrieve downhole environment information from the software executing on user workstation 51.
Located in the chassis 124 are display interface 126, peripheral interface 136, bus 138, processor 128, memory 130, information storage device 132, and network interface 134. The display interface 126 may take the form of a video card or other suitable interface that accepts information from the bus 138 and transforms it into a form suitable for display 116. Conversely, the peripheral interface 136 may accept signals from input devices 118, 120 and transform them into a form suitable for communication on bus 138. Bus 138 interconnects the various elements of the computer and transports their communications.
Processor 128 gathers information from the other system elements, including input data from the peripheral interface 136 and program instructions and other data from the memory 130, the information storage device 132, or from an external location via the network interface 134. (The network interface 134 enables the processor 128 to communicate with remote systems via a wired or wireless network.) The processor 128 carries out the program instructions and processes data accordingly. The program instructions may further configure the processor 128 to send data to other system elements, including information for the user, which may be communicated via the display interface 126 and the display 116.
The processor 128, and hence the computer as a whole, generally operates in accordance with one or more programs stored on an information storage device 132. One or more of the information storage devices may store programs and data on removable storage media (such as a computer-readable media 52 of
Stated in another fashion, the methods described herein can be implemented in the form of software that can be communicated to a computer or another processing system on an information storage medium such as an optical disk, a magnetic disk, a flash memory, or other persistent storage device. Alternatively, such software may be communicated to the computer or processing system via a network or other information transport medium. The software may be provided in various forms, including interpretable “source code” form and executable “compiled” form. The various operations carried out by the software as described herein may be written as individual functional modules (e.g., “objects”, functions, or subroutines) within the source code.
The polar graph operations 152 generate a polar graph that represents stage types of a downhole fluid treatment plan. The polar graph operations may be based on downhole environment information and/or a pumping schedule that was previously received or retrieved by the fluid selection module 150. Additionally or alternatively, the downhole environment information and/or pumping schedule may be entered or modified manually by a user. Without limitation to other examples, such downhole environment information may include wellbore dimensions, wellbore fluids, reservoir layer types and locations. Meanwhile, the pumping schedule may correspond to fluid volumes and time criteria that vary for different pumping mechanisms and treatments.
When executed, the polar graph operations 152 generate information for a polar graph with multiple stage type wedges to visually represent fluid coverages and/or volumes of a downhole fluid treatment plan based on the downhole environment information and/or the pumping schedule. To generate a polar graph, the polar graph operations 152 may determine a wedge angle size for each of the multiple stage type wedges of the polar graph, where each of the wedge angle sizes represents a percentage of total fluid coverage and/or volume for the fluid treatment plan. Although not required, the combination of the stage type wedges may complete a circular pattern (360 degrees), which represents all of the fluid coverage and/or volume related to a fluid treatment plan. Further, the polar graph operations 152 may determine a wedge radius size for each of the multiple stage type wedges, where each of the wedge radius sizes represents a coverage and/or volume value (e.g., 2 inches may correspond to 300 gal/ft). Thus, different stage type wedges may have different radii while wrapping around to complete a circle as will be described in greater detail for
The treatment options interface 154 enables a user to select from predetermined treatment options which would impact the recommended stage type, fluid type, or coverage. In response to selecting or adjusting one or more of the treatment options supported by the treatment options interface 154, an updated polar graph can be generated and displayed.
The details panel feature 156 enables presentation of stage details related to a polar graph. As an example, the stage details may appear in response to a user clicking on or moving a cursor over a stage type wedge of a generated polar graph. Without limitation to other examples, the stage details may include stage type information (e.g., preflush, mainflush, overflush), fluid information (e.g., acid name or type), and additives information (e.g., clay stabilizer, mutual solvent, penetrating agent, corrosion inhibitor). Also, scores for the stage type, stage fluid, and additives may be displayed to facilitate comparison between different options.
The supplemental features 158 enable various supplemental features related to fluid treatment polar graphs. For example, the supplemental features 158 may correspond to providing a polar graph legend that identifies a color and treatment highlights (e.g., stage type, fluid name, fluid coverage and/or volume) or other information for each of the multiple stage type wedges of a polar graph. Additionally or alternatively, the supplemental features 158 may correspond to calculating and displaying a total score (total, material, and/or volume score) for a fluid treatment plan related to a polar graph. Without limitation, the total, material, and/or volume score may be displayed in the center of the polar graph. Additionally or alternatively, the supplemental features 158 may correspond to polar graph ring functions, a directional indicator, or other visual tools around the polar graph. The polar graph ring may be color coded to match the stage type wedges and may indicate (e.g., using an arrow, carat, or marker) when a particular stage type is selected. Additionally or alternatively, the supplemental features 158 may correspond to dashboard icons and functions related to injection options, oil options, sour options, surface options, bottom options, damage options, mineralogy options, formation options, instability options, mode options, clone options, or customization options.
In some embodiments, the supplemental features 158 may correspond to polar graph editing options (e.g., support for dragging operations on stage type wedges of the polar graph, and displaying an updated materials score as the polar graph is updated). An edit treatment interface for polar graphs such as wedge boundary dragging operations may result in dynamic updates to dimensions and colors of a polar graph and its associated total, material, and/or volume score. Further, color shading and/or transparency may be used to compare two polar graphs or to show edits to a polar graph. Additionally or alternatively, the supplemental features 158 may correspond to displaying a semi-transparent stage type information bubble or tooltip (e.g., with fluid information and coverage and/or volume information) as a cursor passes over a stage type wedge of the polar graph. Additionally or alternatively, the supplemental features 158 may correspond to a new treatment interface option that enables a new polar graph to be generated based on selection or modification of polar graph templates.
The supplemental information may correspond to treatment options features, stage detail features, dashboard features, legend features, polar graph ring details, directional arrow information, stage type selection marker features, polar graph editing features, polar graph template features, polar graph ring features, selected stage type marker features, and/or stage type pop-up bubble features as described herein. At block 334, a polar graph is displayed with supplemental information. Some supplemental information may appear in response to a cursor moving over a particular feature of a polar graph or in response to another selection mechanism. The displayed polar graph of block 334 may be based on the wedge angle sizes determined at block 324, the wedge radius sizes determined at block 326, and the wedge colors determine at block 328. Further, the displayed polar graph of block 334 may be based on downhole environment information and/or may represent a previously generated fluid treatment plan The supplemental information related to the polar graph displayed at block 334 may include, for example, a total, material, and/or volume score, treatment option features, stage detail features, dashboard features, legend features, polar graph ring details, directional arrow information, stage type selection marker features, polar graph editing features, polar graph template features, polar graph ring features, selected stage type marker features, and/or stage type pop-up bubble features as described herein.
Numerous variations and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art once the above disclosure is fully appreciated. For example, though the methods disclosed herein have been shown and described in a sequential fashion, at least some of the various illustrated operations may occur concurrently or in a different sequence, with possible repetition. It is intended that the following claims be interpreted to embrace all such variations, equivalents, and modifications.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
5491779 | Bezjian | Feb 1996 | A |
5559527 | Quinn | Sep 1996 | A |
5619631 | Schott | Apr 1997 | A |
5798760 | Vayda et al. | Aug 1998 | A |
5844572 | Schott | Dec 1998 | A |
6320586 | Plattner et al. | Nov 2001 | B1 |
7073581 | Fulton et al. | Jul 2006 | B2 |
7340347 | Shray et al. | Mar 2008 | B2 |
7460122 | Smolders et al. | Dec 2008 | B1 |
7543635 | East et al. | Jun 2009 | B2 |
7692653 | Petro et al. | Apr 2010 | B1 |
8109335 | Luo et al. | Feb 2012 | B2 |
8970599 | Hu et al. | Mar 2015 | B2 |
20090083666 | Fitzmaurice et al. | Mar 2009 | A1 |
20090125280 | Soliman et al. | May 2009 | A1 |
20090182693 | Fulton et al. | Jul 2009 | A1 |
20090229819 | Repin et al. | Sep 2009 | A1 |
20100131881 | Ganesh | May 2010 | A1 |
20100155058 | Gordy et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
20100200235 | Luo et al. | Aug 2010 | A1 |
20100212906 | Fulton et al. | Aug 2010 | A1 |
20110164055 | McCullough et al. | Jul 2011 | A1 |
20120041990 | Kreindlina et al. | Feb 2012 | A1 |
20120191432 | Khataniar et al. | Jul 2012 | A1 |
20120214715 | Luo et al. | Aug 2012 | A1 |
Entry |
---|
Eberhardt, Colin “A WPF Pie Chart with Data Binding Support”, <URL:http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/28098/A-WPF-Pie-Chart-with-Data-Binding-Support?display=Print>, (Jul. 24, 2008),12 pgs. |
McCandless, David “The Visual Miscellaneum”, HarperCollinsPublishers, 1st U.S. Edition, (2009),p. 128. |
“Roambi”, <URL:http://www.roambi.com/roambi—on—ipad.html>, 1 pg. |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20140111518 A1 | Apr 2014 | US |