This relates generally to electronic devices, and more particularly, to displays for electronic devices.
Electronic devices often include displays. For example, a cellular telephone or a computer may have a display.
A display for a cellular telephone or computer typically has a rectangular active region containing active display pixels. The display pixels are used to display information for a user. The rectangular active region is generally be surrounded by an inactive border region. The inactive border region can be covered with a cosmetic trim structure such as a bezel or can be covered with a ring of black ink.
The inactive border in a display can be up to a centimeter wide or more. If care is not taken, the size of the inactive border may cause a display to become undesirably large and bulky.
It would therefore be desirable to be able to provide electronic devices with improved displays.
An electronic device may have a display. For example, a cellular telephone, tablet computer, notebook computer, computer monitor or other electronic device may have a display. One or more of the edges of the display may be bent. For example, a central portion of the display may be maintained in a planar rectangular shape. Peripheral edges of the display may be bent downward away from the central planar portion. The bent edges of the display may form exterior sidewall portions for an electronic device or may be mounted within a device housing. A display may be provided with bent edges to minimize the width of inactive regions of the display.
The display may be formed from a flexible display layer such as an organic light-emitting-diode layer. The organic light-emitting-diode layer may include a substrate layer such as a sheet of polymer. The flexible display and the sheet of polymer that serves as the display substrate may be attached to a support structure such as a flexible support layer using adhesive.
To facilitate bending, the display may be heated. Bending and heating equipment may simultaneously heat the display layer and the flexible support layer to form a bent edge portion for the display. The bending and heating equipment may include heated structures such as heated blocks that are moved using computer-controlled positioners. The heated structures may be used to press the display layer into a desired shape.
Further features of the invention, its nature and various advantages will be more apparent from the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments.
Electronic devices may be provided with displays. The displays may include flexible display structures. The flexible display structures may be bent to form bent edges. The use of bent edges in a display may help reduce the size of inactive display border regions.
An illustrative electronic device of the type that may be provided with a display having a bent edge is shown in
Device 10 may include a housing such as housing 12. Housing 12, which may sometimes be referred to as a case, may be formed of plastic, glass, ceramics, fiber composites, metal (e.g., stainless steel, aluminum, etc.), other suitable materials, or a combination of these materials.
Housing 12 may be formed using an unibody configuration in which some or all of housing 12 is machined or molded as a single structure or may be formed using multiple structures (e.g., an internal frame structure, one or more structures that form exterior housing surfaces, etc.).
In some configurations, housing 12 may be formed using front and rear housing structures that are substantially planar. For example, the rear of device 10 may be formed from a planar housing structure such as a planar glass member, a planar plastic member, a planar metal structure, or other substantially planar structure. The edges (sidewalls) of housing 12 may be straight (vertical) or may be curved (e.g., housing 12 may be provided with sidewalls formed from rounded extensions of a rear planar housing wall).
As shown in
Device 10 may include input-output ports, buttons, sensors, status indicator lights, speakers, microphones, and other input-output components. As shown in
It may be desirable to bend portions of display 14. For example, in designs in which the size of inactive display border regions are to be minimized, it may be desirable to bend the peripheral edges of display 14. The bent edges of display 14 may help hide inactive edge portions of display 14 from view and may help reduce the width of the display border. In other designs, bent portions of display 14 may include active display pixels.
To facilitate bending, display 14 may include flexible structures. For example, display 14 may include one or more layers of flexible materials such as polymers. As an example, display 14 may be a flexible display that contains flexible polymer sheets such as one or more sheets of polyimide and other flexible materials. To enhance display flexibility and thereby facilitate bending of the display, a flexible display may be heated. The heating process may help soften polymers and other materials in the flexible display. If desired, structures associated with display 14 (e.g., display layers and/or support structures for display 14) may be formed from rigid materials that soften and become flexible upon heating. When cooled, flexible display layers of this type may harden and become more rigid.
Regardless of the type of flexible display layers that are used in display 14, peripheral portions of these layers may be bent to form bent edges. If, for example, display 14 has a rectangular shape of the type shown in
The bent edges of display 14 may be mounted on the inside of housing 12 or the outside of housing 12 or may otherwise be mounted in device 10.
The edges of display 14 such as bent edge 14E may be bent downwards (inwardly) along bend 14B at a non-zero angle with respect to the X-Y plane that contains front planar portion 14F. In the illustrative example of
As shown in
In the example of
In the configurations of
As shown in
With a configuration of the type shown in
Housing 12 may be used to enclose the edge of display 14, as illustrated by dashed lines 12 in
Display 14 may be formed from a flexible display layer such as an organic light-emitting diode layer or other layer that may be bent to form edges 14. The structures that form display 14 (e.g., a display layer such as an organic light-emitting diode layer) may contain multiple sublayers (e.g., a substrate layer formed from polyimide or a sheet of another polymer, a layer of thin-film-transistor structures and interconnect lines, a layer of organic emissive material, a layer of encapsulant, etc.). These sublayers are sometimes depicted as forming a single display layer to avoid over-complicating the drawings.
Flexible displays may be relatively thin. For example, an organic light-emitting-diode display may have a polymer substrate layer, thin-film transistors, an organic emissive layer, and a sealing layer having a total thickness of 100 microns or less (as an example). To facilitate the formation of a display bend such as display bend 14B (
The application of heat may help one or more of the sublayers of a flexible display to bend without incurring damage. For example, a polymer substrate layer and a polymer sealing layer may be better able to bend without damage when these layers are raised to an elevated (greater than 20° C.) temperature. To avoid damaging the display, it may be desirable to limit the maximum temperature to which the display is exposed. For example, it may be desirable to restrict the elevated temperature to a value of about 85° C. or less, 75° C. or less, or 65° C. or less (as examples). Examples of suitable temperature ranges to which the temperature of display 14 may be elevated during bending are 20-85° C., 30-85° C., 40-80° C., and 60-85° C.
To help support the relatively thin structures of an organic-light-emitting diode display or other thin display layer, it may be desirable to support the display layer with a support structure layer. A flexible sheet of polymer or other suitable thin support layer may, for example, be attached to the underside of a display layer. As shown in
Support layer 52 may be formed from a single material (e.g., a layer of polymer, a layer of metal, or other suitable material), or may be formed from multiple materials (e.g., multiple layers of polymer, multiple layers of metal, multiple layers of polymer and metal, multiple layers of other materials and combinations of materials). Illustrative configurations for support layer 52 that are formed from a single material such as a single polymer are sometimes described herein as an example. In general, however, support layer 52 may include one or more layers of one or more different types of material and may be formed in non-planar support structure shapes.
If desired, portions of support structure 52 may be removed in the vicinity of bend 14B, as illustrated by optional notch 54. The selective removal of some of support layer 52 under bend 14B may facilitate the formation of a bend with a small bend radius R in display 14.
Due to the support provided to display layer 14 by support layer 52, the thickness T of display layer 14 may, if desired, be reduced. For example, a substrate layer for display 14 such as a polyimide substrate layer or other polymer layer may have a reduced thickness (e.g. a thickness of less than 50 microns or less than 25 microns). The total thickness T of flexible display 14 may be less than 70 microns, less than 50 microns, or less than 30 microns (as examples).
The material of support layer 52 may, if desired, be a material that softens at a temperature below the temperature at which display layer 14 is damaged. For example, the material of support layer 52 may be formed from a polymeric material such as a heat shrink polymer that is configured to deform and soften significantly at a temperature of about 30-75° C. or 30-85° C., whereas the polyimide or other polymer layers of display 14 may be less affected (e.g., significantly less affected) by the application of an elevated temperature in this range.
Displays with bent portions may be formed using heating and bending equipment such as equipment 58 of
Mechanical tools in equipment 58 may be used to bend layer 56. Bending equipment may include blocks formed from metal, polymer, ceramic, glass, or other materials. The blocks may have planar and/or curved surfaces. Layer 56 may be bent when layer 56 is compressed between opposing structures such as blocks or other structures with planar and/or curved surfaces.
To facilitate bending, energy may be applied to layer 56 to help heat layer 56 to an elevated temperature. Equipment 58 may include a laser or other light source (e.g., an infrared lamp, etc.) that applies energy 60 to layer 56 in the form of light (e.g., visible light, infrared light, etc.), a radio-frequency signal generator that applies energy 60 to layer 56 in the form of radio-frequency electromagnetic signals, a hot air gun or other heat source that provides energy 60 to layer 56 in the form of heated air or a heated liquid, a heated member such as a metal block that provides energy 60 to layer 56 by direct heat transfer from the heated member to layer 56, or an ultrasonic signal generator that provides energy 60 to layer 56 in the form of acoustic signals that are applied directly or via a resonant interaction with resonant structure 64.
Heat may be applied globally to all of layer 56 or may be applied locally in region 62. Local heat may be applied by heating a heated member such as a heated block in a particular location, may be applied by focusing a laser or other light source onto region 62, may be applied by directing radio-frequency electromagnetic signals from a radio-frequency signal source onto region 62, may be applied by placing resonant structure 64 and/or the tip of an ultrasonic signal generator in the vicinity of region 62, may be applied by directing hot air or other heated material locally onto region 62 from a heated material source such as a hot air gun, or may otherwise be localized onto a region such as region 62 of layer 56.
Once heated (or prior to or during heating), layer 56 may be bent in direction 66 in the vicinity of region 62 to create a display having main region 14F (e.g., a planar region) and bent edge portions such as portion 14E. During heating, the heat-shrink polymer or other material in support layer 52 and/or other polymers and materials in layer 56 may soften sufficiently to facilitate bending and may thereby help form a small bend radius R at bend 14B of display 14.
Equipment such as lamination tool 82 may use adhesive such as adhesive 50 or other attachment mechanisms to attach flexible display 14 to support layer 52. Support layer 52 may be formed from polymer or other suitable material. With one suitable arrangement, support layer 52 may be formed from a flexible sheet of one or more materials (e.g., a polymer sheet having a thickness of about 0.3 to 1.5 mm). A stiffener such as a thin sheet of metal, ceramic, glass, plastic, or other material may, if desired, be incorporated into some of layer 52 (e.g., in a rectangular region under planar portion 14F of display 14). As described in connection with
Layer 56 (e.g., a layer that includes flexible display 14 and support layer 52) may be heated and bent into a desired shape using heated bending equipment 58 to produce a display such as display 14 having a planar portion 14F and bent edge portion 14E. Display 14 may be attached to additional device structures (e.g., housing structures and other support structures) following bending of display 14 into a shape of the type shown in
If desired, display 14 may be heated sufficiently that display 14 becomes flexible enough to fit over surfaces with compound curves.
Illustrative steps involved in forming electronic devices having displays with bends are shown in
At step 102, layer 56 (e.g., display layer 14, optional adhesive layer 50, and optional support layer 52) may be bent. For example, equipment 58 (e.g., heated block structures of the type shown in
At step 104, the bent version of display 14 (e.g., the bent version of layer 56) may be attached to support structures and installed in device 10. If desired, the operations associated with attaching the bent display into device 10 may be performed at the same time as the heating and bending operations of step 102. For example, equipment 58 may be used to compress display 14 (layer 56) onto a housing structure or other support structure while heat is being applied, thereby simultaneously heating, bending, and attaching display 14 and layer 56 in a conformal layer on the surface of the housing support structure or other support structure.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the principles of this invention and various modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention.
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