Claims
- 1. A method for increasing removal of drag reducer additive (DRA) from liquid hydrocarbon fuel, said method comprising:
producing contaminated liquid hydrocarbon fuel comprising a concentration of removable DRA comprising a quantity of one or more polar groups other than a single terminal unsaturated carbon-carbon bond; and, contacting said contaminated liquid hydrocarbon fuel with an amount of one or more removal agents under removal conditions effective to produce a reduced concentration of said removable DRA.
- 2. The method of claim 1 wherein said reduced concentration of said removable DRA is greater than a reduced concentration of polyalphaolefin DRA removed from the same liquid hydrocarbon fuel under the same removal conditions using the same one or more removal agents, said polyalphaolefin DRA consisting of carbon and hydrogen and said single terminal unsaturated carbon-carbon bond.
- 3. The method of claim 1 wherein said one or more removal agents are selected from the group consisting of activated carbons, graphites, and attapulgus clay.
- 4. The method of claim 2 wherein said one or more removal agents are selected from the group consisting of activated carbons, graphites, and attapulgus clay.
- 5. The method claim 1 wherein said one or more effective removal agents comprise activated carbon.
- 6. The method of claim 1 wherein said one or more effective removal agents comprise attapulgus clay.
- 7. The method of claim 1 wherein said one or more effective removal agents comprise graphite.
- 8. The method claim 2 wherein said one or more effective removal agents comprise activated carbon.
- 9. The method of claim 2 wherein said one or more effective removal agents comprise attapulgus clay.
- 10. The method of claim 2 wherein said one or more effective removal agents comprise graphite.
- 11. The method of claim 2 wherein said reduced concentration of said removable DRA is 2% or more greater than a reduced concentration of polyalphaolefin DRA.
- 12. The method of claim 2 wherein said reduced concentration of said removable DRA is 5% or more greater than a reduced concentration of polyalphaolefin DRA.
- 13. The method of claim 2 wherein said reduced concentration of said removable DRA is 10% or more greater than a reduced concentration of polyalphaolefin DRA.
- 14. The method of claim 4 wherein said reduced concentration of said removable DRA is 2% or more greater than a reduced concentration of polyalphaolefin DRA.
- 15. The method of claim 4 wherein said reduced concentration of said removable DRA is 5% or more greater than a reduced concentration of polyalphaolefin DRA.
- 16. The method of claim 4 wherein said reduced concentration of said removable DRA is 10% or more greater than a reduced concentration of polyalphaolefin DRA.
- 17. The method of claim 1 wherein the liquid hydrocarbon fuel has a boiling range of from about 150° F. to about 750° F.
- 18. The method of claim 3 wherein the liquid hydrocarbon fuel has a boiling range of from about 150° F. to about 750° F.
- 19. The method of claim 15 wherein the liquid hydrocarbon fuel has a boiling range of from about 150° F. to about 750° F.
- 20. The method of claim 16 wherein the liquid hydrocarbon fuel has a boiling range of from about 150° F. to about 750° F.
- 21. The method of claim 1 wherein the liquid hydrocarbon fuel is selected from the group consisting of liquefied natural gas (LNG), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), motor gasoline, aviation gasoline, distillate fuels such as diesel fuel and home heating oil, kerosene, jet fuel, No. 2 oil, residual fuel, No. 6 fuel, or bunker fuel.
- 22. The method of claim 3 wherein the liquid hydrocarbon fuel is selected from the group consisting of liquefied natural gas (LNG), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), motor gasoline, aviation gasoline, distillate fuels such as diesel fuel and home heating oil, kerosene, jet fuel, No. 2 oil, residual fuel, No. 6 fuel, or bunker fuel.
- 23. The method of claim 15 wherein the liquid hydrocarbon fuel is selected from the group consisting of liquefied natural gas (LNG), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), motor gasoline, aviation gasoline, distillate fuels such as diesel fuel and home heating oil, kerosene, jet fuel, No. 2 oil, residual fuel, No. 6 fuel, or bunker fuel.
- 24. The method of claim 16 wherein the liquid hydrocarbon fuel is selected from the group consisting of liquefied natural gas (LNG), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), motor gasoline, aviation gasoline, distillate fuels such as diesel fuel and home heating oil, kerosene, jet fuel, No. 2 oil, residual fuel, No. 6 fuel, or bunker fuel.
- 25. The method of claim 1 wherein the liquid hydrocarbon fuel is selected from the group consisting of diesel fuel, jet fuel, aviation gasoline, and motor gasoline.
- 26. The method of claim 3 wherein the liquid hydrocarbon fuel is selected from the group consisting of diesel fuel, jet fuel, aviation gasoline, and motor gasoline.
- 27. The method of claim 15 wherein the liquid hydrocarbon fuel is selected from the group consisting of diesel fuel, jet fuel, aviation gasoline, and motor gasoline.
- 28. The method of claim 16 wherein the liquid hydrocarbon fuel is selected from the group consisting of diesel fuel, jet fuel, aviation gasoline, and motor gasoline.
- 29. The method of claim 1 wherein the liquid hydrocarbon fuel is jet fuel.
- 30. The method of claim 3 wherein the liquid hydrocarbon fuel is jet fuel.
- 31. The method of claim 15 wherein the liquid hydrocarbon fuel is jet fuel.
- 32. The method of claim 16 wherein the liquid hydrocarbon fuel is jet fuel.
- 33. The method of claim 1 further comprising synthesizing said removable DRA using one or more monomers comprising one or more polar groups.
- 34. The method of claim 3 further comprising synthesizing said removable DRA using one or more monomers comprising one or more polar groups.
- 35. The method of claim 16 further comprising synthesizing said removable DRA using one or more monomers comprising one or more polar groups.
- 36. The method of claim 32 further comprising synthesizing said removable DRA using one or more monomers comprising one or more polar groups.
- 37. The method of claim 1 further comprising modifying DRA after synthesis to include one or more polar groups.
- 38. The method of claim 3 further comprising modifying DRA after synthesis to include one or more polar groups.
- 39. The method of claim 16 further comprising modifying DRA after synthesis to include one or more polar groups.
- 40. The method of claim 32 further comprising modifying DRA after synthesis to include one or more polar groups.
- 41. The method of claim 33 wherein said one or more monomers are selected from the group consisting of alpha-olefins, isobutylenes, acrylates, styrenes, and combinations thereof.
- 42. The method of claim 34 wherein said one or more monomers are selected from the group consisting of alpha-olefins, isobutylenes, acrylates, styrenes, and combinations thereof.
- 43. The method of claim 35 wherein said one or more monomers are selected from the group consisting of alpha-olefins, isobutylenes, acrylates, styrenes, and combinations thereof.
- 44. The method of claim 36 wherein said one or more polar groups are selected from the group consisting of alpha-olefins, isobutylenes, acrylates, styrenes, and combinations thereof.
- 45. The method of claim 37 further comprising synthesizing said DRA by polymerizing monomers selected from the group consisting of 1-hexene, 1-octene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene, 1-tetra-decene.
- 46. The method of claim 1 wherein said removable DRA comprises polyalphaolefins comprising polymerized linear alpha olefin (LAO) monomers having from about 2 to about 40 carbon atoms.
- 47. The method of claim 1 wherein said removable DRA comprises at least two different LAO's having from about 6 to about 12 a carbon atoms, the number of carbon atoms of the at least two different LAO's differing by 6.
- 48. The method of claim 45 wherein said synthesizing comprises solution polymerization.
- 49. The method of claim 1 wherein said one or more polar groups comprise a moiety selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, halogen, phosphorus, unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds other than said single terminal unsaturated carbon-carbon bond, and combinations thereof.
- 50. The method of claim 3 wherein said one or more polar groups comprise a moiety selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, halogen, phosphorus, unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds other than said single terminal unsaturated carbon-carbon bond, and combinations thereof.
- 51. The method of claim 16 wherein said one or more polar groups comprise a moiety selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, halogen, phosphorus, unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds other than said single terminal unsaturated carbon-carbon bond, and combinations thereof.
- 52. The method of claim 32 wherein said one or more polar groups comprise a moiety selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, halogen, phosphorus, unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds other than said single terminal unsaturated carbon-carbon bond, and combinations thereof.
- 53. The method of claim 1 wherein the polar groups are selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl groups, carbonyl groups, carboxyl groups, ether groups, ester groups, epoxide groups, salts thereof, groups comprising the foregoing groups, and combinations thereof.
- 54. The method of claim 1 wherein the polar groups are selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid and acrylic acid salts of the following general formula:
- 55. The method of claim 1 wherein the polar groups are selected from the group consisting of thiols, carbonyl sulfides, sulfonic acid groups, sulfonates, sulfonides, groups comprising the foregoing groups, and combinations thereof.
- 56. The method of claim 1 wherein the polar groups are selected from the group consisting of ammonium groups, amine groups, N-substituted amine groups, amide groups, N-substituted amide groups, amidine groups, N-substituted amidine groups, acidic groups carried by substituents of N-acrylamide, N-methacrylamide, N-acrylamidine or N-methacrylamidine, nitrile groups, groups comprising the foregoing groups, and combinations thereof.
- 57. The method of claim 1 wherein the polar groups are selected from the group consisting of N-substituted amides and N-substituted amidines.
- 58. The method of claim 1 wherein said N-substituted amides and N-substituted amidines comprise an N-substituent comprising one or more polar groups other than a primary amine.
- 59. The method of claim 1 wherein the polar groups comprise tertiary amines and quaternary ammonium salts.
- 60. The method of claim 1 wherein the polar groups are selected from the group consisting of N-substituted acrylamide groups and N-substituted methacrylamide groups have the following general formula:
- 61. The method of claim 1 wherein the polar group comprises a moiety selected from the group consisting of acrylaminidines and methacrylaminidines have the following general formula:
- 62. The method of claim 61 wherein said non-ionic substituent is selected from the group consisting of substituents comprising oxygen, alkyl groups having from about 4 to 24 carbon atoms, substituents comprising silicon, nitro-groups, nitroso groups, lactone groups, lactame groups, and nitrile groups.
- 63. The method of claim 62 wherein said non-ionic substituent comprises a substituents comprising oxygen selected from the group consisting of —OH, —OR, esters, saccharides, epoxides.
- 64. The method of claim 62 wherein said non-ionic substituent comprises a substituent comprising silicon having the following general structure
- 65. The method of claim 68 wherein the M is selected from the group consisting of primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines, quaternary bases, pyridines, naphtyridines, guanidines, amidines, and salts thereof.
- 66. The method of claim 54 wherein M is selected from the group consisting of —COOX, —SO3X, —OSO3X or —OPO2 OX in which X is a cation.
- 67. The method of claim 1 wherein said polar groups are selected from the group consisting of oxygenated phosphorus groups, halogenated phosphorous groups, groups comprising the foregoing groups, and combinations thereof.
- 68. The method of claim 1 wherein said polar groups are selected from the group consisting of phosphine groups, phosphate groups, phosphoric acid groups, groups comprising the foregoing groups, and combinations thereof.
- 69. The method of claim 1 wherein said polar groups are selected from the group consisting of alkenyl groups, alkynyl groups, aromatic groups, diallyl compounds, preferably diallyl ammonium compounds, ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic esters and carboxylic amides and copolymers thereof, groups comprising the foregoing groups, and combinations thereof.
- 70. The method of claim 1 wherein said polar groups are selected from the group consisting of copolymers having structural units derived from monomers which are (A) at least one ethylenically unsaturated alcohol, carboxylic acid or ester, with at least one of (B) an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic ester with a polar group in the ester, and (C) an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic amide.
- 71. The method of claim 1 wherein said the carboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of mono, di, or tricarboxylic acid.
- 72. The method of claim 1 wherein the carboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of fumaric, maleic, and crotonic acids.
- 73. The method of claim 1 wherein said polar groups are selected from the group consisting of acetate groups, acrylate groups, acrylamide groups, zwitterionic groups, epoxide groups, metal silicate salt groups, alkyl propane sulfonic acid groups, N-sulfoalkyl-N-alkacroyloxyalkyl groups, N,N-dialkyl-ammonium betaine (IV) groups, groups comprising quaternary salts of dialkylamino alkyl alkacrylates, poly (dialkylamino alkylacrylamide groups, poly (dialkylamino alkylacrylamide) groups, (3-acrylamido-3-alkyl) alkylpolyalkylammonium chloride groups, 2-acrylamido-2-alkylpropane sulfonic acid groups, and dialkyldiallyl ammonium chloride groups, alkyl styrene sulfate groups, carboxyvinyl groups, vinyl acrylamide groups, carboxymethyl-cellulose groups
- 74. The method of claim 1 wherein said polar groups are selected from the group consisting of sodium silicate groups, calcium silicate groups, magnesium silicate groups, iron silicate groups, aluminum silicate groups, alkyl-poly(etheroxy) acrylate groups, methyl propane sulfonic acid groups, N-3-sulfopropyl-N-methacroyloxyethyl-N,N-dimethyl-ammonium betaine (VI) groups, quaternary salts of dimethylamino alkyl methacrylates, quaternary salts of dimethylamino alkylmethacrylamide groups, poly (dimethylamino methylacrylamide) groups, (3-acrylamido-3-methyl) alkylpolyalkylammonium chloride groups, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid groups, and dimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride groups, methyl styrene sulfate groups, carboxyvinyl groups, vinyl acrylamide groups, carboxymethylcellulose groups hydroxyethylcellulose groups, alkylpoly (etheroxy) acrylate groups, methyl propane sulfonic acid, N-(3-sulfopropyl-N-methacroyloxyethyl-N,N-dimethyl-ammonium betaine (VI) groups, quaternary salts of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide groups, poly (dimethylamino methylacrylamide) groups, (3-acrylmido-3-methyl) butyltrimethylammonium chloride groups, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid groups, dimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride groups, and, methacrylamido propyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, organic electrolyte such as cetyltrimethylammonium salicylate and sodium salicylate; cetyltrimethylammonium 3,4,-dichlorobenzoate and sodium 3,4-dichlorobenzoate; and tetradecyltrimethylammonium salicylate and sodium salicylate.
- 75. The method of claim 1 wherein said polar groups are selected from the group consisting of zwitterionic groups having the following general structure:
- 76. The method of claim 75 wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of those having the following general formula:
- 77. The method of claim 75 wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of one of the following four formulas:
- 78. The method of claim 1 wherein said polar groups have the following general formula:
- 79. The method of claim 11 wherein said removal agents are selected from the group consisting of graphites selected from the group consisting of GRAPHITE 2139, GRAPHITE 3726, GRAPHITE 3739, GRAPHITE 5539, GRAPHITE 9039, GRAPHITE GA-17, and combinations thereof.
- 80. The method of claim 13 wherein said removal agents are selected from the group consisting of graphites selected from the group consisting of GRAPHITE 2139, GRAPHITE 3726, GRAPHITE 3739, GRAPHITE 5539, GRAPHITE 9039, GRAPHITE GA-17, and combinations thereof.
- 81. The method of claim 15 wherein said removal agents are selected from the group consisting of graphites selected from the group consisting of GRAPHITE 2139, GRAPHITE 3726, GRAPHITE 3739, GRAPHITE 5539, GRAPHITE 9039, GRAPHITE GA-17, and combinations thereof.
- 82. A method for increasing removal of DRA from liquid hydrocarbon fuel, said method comprising:
producing contaminated liquid hydrocarbon fuel comprising a concentration of removable DRA comprising a quantity of one or more polar groups other than a single unsaturated terminal carbon-carbon bond; and, contacting said contaminated liquid hydrocarbon fuel with an amount of one or more removal agents under removal conditions effective to remove 60% or more of said removable DRA from said contaminated liquid hydrocarbon fuel, producing a reduced concentration of said removable DRA.
- 83. The method of claim 82 wherein said one or more removal agents selected from the group consisting of activated carbons, graphites, attapulgus clay, and combinations thereof.
- 84. The method claim 82 wherein said one or more effective removal agents comprise activated carbon.
- 85. The method of claim 82 wherein said one or more effective removal agent comprise attapulgus clay.
- 86. The method of claim 82 wherein said one or more effective removal agents comprise graphite.
- 87. The method of claim 84 wherein the liquid hydrocarbon fuel has a boiling range of from about 150° F. to about 750° F.
- 88. The method of claim 85 wherein the liquid hydrocarbon fuel has a boiling range of from about 150° F. to about 750° F.
- 89. The method of claim 86 wherein the liquid hydrocarbon fuel has a boiling range of from about 150° F. to about 750° F.
- 90. The method of claim 84 wherein the liquid hydrocarbon fuel is selected from the group consisting of diesel fuel, jet fuel, aviation gasoline, and motor gasoline.
- 91. The method of claim 85 wherein the liquid hydrocarbon fuel is selected from the group consisting of diesel fuel, jet fuel, aviation gasoline, and motor gasoline.
- 92. The method of claim 86 wherein the liquid hydrocarbon fuel is selected from the group consisting of diesel fuel, jet fuel, aviation gasoline, and motor gasoline.
- 93. The method of claim 84 wherein the liquid hydrocarbon fuel is jet fuel.
- 94. The method of claim 85 wherein the liquid hydrocarbon fuel is jet fuel.
- 95. The method of claim 86 wherein the liquid hydrocarbon fuel is jet fuel.
- 96. A method of modifying DRA to increase removal from liquid hydrocarbon fuel comprising:
providing synthesized DRA consisting essentially of carbon and hydrogen and up to a single terminal unsaturated carbon-carbon bond; and, modifying said synthesized DRA to produce modified DRA comprising pendant polar groups effective to increase removal of said modified DRA from said liquid hydrocarbon fuel by one or more removal agents compared to removal of said synthesized DRA by the same one or more removal agents under the same conditions.
- 97. Modified DRA comprising a polymer backbone consisting essentially of carbon and hydrogen and up to a single terminal unsaturated carbon-carbon bond, said modified DRA further comprising a quantity of pendant polar groups effective to increase removal of said modified DRA from a liquid hydrocarbon fuel by one or more removal agents compared to removal of the same DRA absent said quantity of pendant polar groups under the same conditions.
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] The present application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/453,803, filed Jun. 3, 2003, published as US-2004-0015034-A1 on Jan. 22, 2004, pending. The present application also is related to U.S. Pat. No. 6,599,337, issued Jul. 29, 2003. Each of the foregoing references is incorporated herein by reference.
Continuation in Parts (1)
|
Number |
Date |
Country |
Parent |
10453803 |
Jun 2003 |
US |
Child |
10795687 |
Mar 2004 |
US |