Patent Grant
10611988
The present disclosure relates to methods of making product compositions that include encapsulates and borate compounds, where the encapsulates include polyvinyl alcohol polymer. The present disclosure further relates to compositions made from such methods. The present disclosure further relates to encapsulate slurries.
Consumer product compositions, such as detergent compositions, comprising borate derivatives are known. Borate derivatives, such as sodium tetraborate, may promote, for example, enzyme stability in the consumer product compositions.
Consumer product compositions that include benefit agent encapsulates are also known. For example, such encapsulates may be core-shell encapsulates and have perfume raw materials in the core. Certain encapsulates may include polyvinyl alcohol, for example as part of the shell. The encapsulates may be provided to a product manufacturer as a concentrated composition, such as an encapsulate slurry.
However, it can be challenging to manufacture a liquid consumer product composition that has both a borate compound and encapsulates when the encapsulates include polyvinyl alcohol. Aggregation of the encapsulates may occur, resulting in poor product stability, poor performance, build-up on processing equipment, and/or unacceptable product aesthetics. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that the aggregation is a result from cross-linking due to hydrogen bonding that can occur between hydroxyl groups (—OH) of the borate derivatives and hydroxyl groups of the polyvinyl alcohol.
There is a need, then, for improved processes for manufacturing consumer product compositions that include borate derivatives and encapsulates, where the encapsulates include polyvinyl alcohol.
The present disclosure relates to methods of making product compositions that include encapsulates, borate compounds, and a cross-linking inhibitor, where the encapsulates include polyvinyl alcohol polymer.
The present disclosure relates to a method of making a composition, where the method includes the steps of: providing a first composition and a second composition, where the first composition includes encapsulates, where the encapsulates include a polyvinyl alcohol polymer; where the second composition includes a borate compound; and where the first composition, the second composition, or both compositions include a cross-linking inhibitor; and combining the first composition and the second composition to form a product composition.
The present disclosure relates to a slurry composition that includes: from about 10% to about 60%, by weight of the slurry composition, of encapsulates, where the encapsulates include a polyvinyl alcohol polymer; a cross-linking inhibitor; and a liquid carrier.
The figures herein are illustrative in nature and are not intended to be limiting.
The present disclosure relates to improved processes for manufacturing product compositions, such as liquid detergent compositions, that include borate compounds and encapsulates that include polyvinyl alcohol.
As mentioned above, polyvinyl alcohol (i) and borate compounds (ii) can react according to the basic reaction shown below, creating a cross-linked species (iii).
When encapsulates that include polyvinyl alcohol are combined with borate compounds, the cross-linking reaction can result in the aggregation of encapsulates, creating undesirable flocculation in the product.
For example,
It has been surprisingly found that adding a cross-linking inhibitor compound at particular stages can be beneficial when formulating final product compositions. For example, it has been found that providing a cross-linking inhibitor, such as sorbitol, to an encapsulate-containing composition or to a borate-containing composition prior to the compositions being combined can result in product compositions that do not show significant aggregation of the encapsulates. For example, a cross-linking inhibitor may be added to a first composition precursor, such as an encapsulate slurry, to form a first composition, which may then be combined with a second composition, where the second composition includes borate, thereby forming a product composition.
For example,
Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that that when added to a composition that contains polyvinyl alcohol or a borate compound, the cross-linking inhibitor interacts with the hydroxyl (—OH) sites of the polyvinyl alcohol or borate compound, e.g., by forming hydrogen bonds. Because at least some of the hydroxyl sites of the polyvinyl alcohol or borate are occupied by the cross-linking inhibitor, cross-linking between the polyvinyl alcohol and borate is reduced when the first and second compositions are combined, resulting in less aggregation of encapsulates. Less aggregation is typically desirable for performance and/or aesthetic reasons, as large aggregates may result, for example, in product instability. The methods and compositions of the present disclosure are described in more detail below.
As used herein, the articles “a” and “an” when used in a claim, are understood to mean one or more of what is claimed or described. As used herein, the terms “include,” “includes,” and “including” are meant to be non-limiting. The compositions of the present disclosure can comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of, the components of the present disclosure.
The terms “substantially free of” or “substantially free from” may be used herein. This means that the indicated material is at the very minimum not deliberately added to the composition to form part of it, or, preferably, is not present at analytically detectable levels. It is meant to include compositions whereby the indicated material is present only as an impurity in one of the other materials deliberately included. The indicated material may be present, if at all, at a level of less than 1%, or less than 0.1%, or less than 0.01%, or even 0%, by weight of the composition. As used herein “consumer product” means baby care, beauty care, fabric & home care, family care, feminine care, health care, snack and/or beverage products or devices intended to be used or consumed in the form in which it is sold, and not intended for subsequent commercial manufacture or modification. Such products include but are not limited to fine fragrances (e.g. perfumes, colognes eau de toilettes, after-shave lotions, pre-shave, face waters, tonics, and other fragrance-containing compositions for application directly to the skin), diapers, bibs, wipes; products for and/or methods relating to treating hair (human, dog, and/or cat), including, bleaching, coloring, dyeing, conditioning, shampooing, styling; deodorants and antiperspirants; personal cleansing; cosmetics; skin care including application of creams, lotions, and other topically applied products for consumer use; and shaving products, products for and/or methods relating to treating fabrics, hard surfaces and any other surfaces in the area of fabric and home care, including: air care, car care, dishwashing, fabric conditioning (including softening), laundry detergency, laundry and rinse additive and/or care, hard surface cleaning and/or treatment, and other cleaning for consumer or institutional use; products and/or methods relating to bath tissue, facial tissue, paper handkerchiefs, and/or paper towels; tampons, feminine napkins; products and/or methods relating to oral care including toothpastes, tooth gels, tooth rinses, denture adhesives, tooth whitening; over-the-counter health care including cough and cold remedies, pain relievers, RX pharmaceuticals, pet health and nutrition, and water purification; processed food products intended primarily for consumption between customary meals or as a meal accompaniment (non-limiting examples include potato chips, tortilla chips, popcorn, pretzels, corn chips, cereal bars, vegetable chips or crisps, snack mixes, party mixes, multigrain chips, snack crackers, cheese snacks, pork rinds, corn snacks, pellet snacks, extruded snacks and bagel chips); and coffee.
As used herein, the term “cleaning composition” includes, unless otherwise indicated, granular or powder-form all-purpose or “heavy-duty” washing agents, especially cleaning detergents; liquid, gel or paste-form all-purpose washing agents, especially the so-called heavy-duty liquid types; liquid fine-fabric detergents; hand dishwashing agents or light duty dishwashing agents, especially those of the high-foaming type; machine dishwashing agents, including the various pouches, tablet, granular, liquid and rinse-aid types for household and institutional use; liquid cleaning and disinfecting agents, including antibacterial hand-wash types, cleaning bars, mouthwashes, denture cleaners, dentifrice, car or carpet shampoos, bathroom cleaners; hair shampoos and hair-rinses; shower gels and foam baths and metal cleaners; as well as cleaning auxiliaries such as bleach additives and “stain-stick” or pre-treat types, substrate-laden products such as dryer added sheets, dry and wetted wipes and pads, nonwoven substrates, and sponges; as well as sprays and mists.
As used herein, the term “fabric care composition” includes, unless otherwise indicated, fabric softening compositions, fabric enhancing compositions, fabric freshening compositions and combinations thereof. The form of such compositions includes liquids, gels, beads, powders, flakes, and granules. Suitable forms also include unit dose articles that include such compositions, such as single- and multi-compartmented unit dose articles.
Unless otherwise noted, all component or composition levels are in reference to the active portion of that component or composition, and are exclusive of impurities, for example, residual solvents or by-products, which may be present in commercially available sources of such components or compositions.
For purposes of this application, castor oil, soybean oil, brominated vegetable oil, propan-2-yl tetradecanoate and mixtures thereof are not considered a perfume raw material when calculating perfume compositions/formulations. Thus, the amount of propan-2-yl tetradecanoate present is not used to make such calculations.
All temperatures herein are in degrees Celsius (° C.) unless otherwise indicated. Unless otherwise specified, all measurements herein are conducted at room temperature and under the atmospheric pressure.
In all embodiments of the present disclosure, all percentages are by weight of the total composition, unless specifically stated otherwise. All ratios are weight ratios, unless specifically stated otherwise.
It should be understood that every maximum numerical limitation given throughout this specification includes every lower numerical limitation, as if such lower numerical limitations were expressly written herein. Every minimum numerical limitation given throughout this specification will include every higher numerical limitation, as if such higher numerical limitations were expressly written herein. Every numerical range given throughout this specification will include every narrower numerical range that falls within such broader numerical range, as if such narrower numerical ranges were all expressly written herein.
Method of Making a Composition
The present disclosure relates to methods of making a product composition. The product composition may be a consumer product composition. The product composition may be a cleaning composition. The product composition may be a fabric care composition, such as a laundry detergent.
As illustrated in the flowchart of
As shown in
These elements are discussed in more detail below.
Encapsulates
The present disclosure relates to encapsulates. As schematically shown in
The wall of the encapsulates may include a wall material. The wall material may include a material selected from the group consisting of polyethylenes; polyamides; polystyrenes; polyisoprenes; polycarbonates; polyesters; polyacrylates; acrylics; aminoplasts; polyolefins; polysaccharides, such as alginate and/or chitosan; gelatin; shellac; epoxy resins; vinyl polymers; water insoluble inorganics; silicone; and mixtures thereof.
The wall material may include a material selected from the group consisting of a polyacrylate, a polyethylene glycol acrylate, a polyurethane acrylate, an epoxy acrylate, a polymethacrylate, a polyethylene glycol methacrylate, a polyurethane methacrylate, an epoxy methacrylate, and mixtures thereof. The wall material may include a polyacrylate polymer. The wall may include from about 50% to about 100%, or from about 70% to about 100%, or from about 80% to about 100% of a polyacrylate polymer. The polyacrylate may include a polyacrylate cross linked polymer.
The wall material of the encapsulates may include a polymer derived from a material that comprises one or more multifunctional acrylate moieties. The multifunctional acrylate moiety may be selected from the group consisting of tri-functional acrylate, tetra-functional acrylate, penta-functional acrylate, hexa-functional acrylate, hepta-functional acrylate and mixtures thereof. The wall material may include a polyacrylate that comprises a moiety selected from the group consisting of an amine acrylate moiety, methacrylate moiety, a carboxylic acid acrylate moiety, carboxylic acid methacrylate moiety, and combinations thereof.
The wall material may include a material that comprises one or more multifunctional acrylate and/or methacrylate moieties. The ratio of material that comprises one or more multifunctional acrylate moieties to material that comprises one or more methacrylate moieties may be from about 999:1 to about 6:4, or from about 99:1 to about 8:1, or from about 99:1 to about 8.5:1. The multifunctional acrylate moiety may be selected from the group consisting of tri-functional acrylate, tetra-functional acrylate, penta-functional acrylate, hexa-functional acrylate, hepta-functional acrylate and mixtures thereof. The wall material may include a polyacrylate that comprises a moiety selected from the group consisting of an amine acrylate moiety, methacrylate moiety, a carboxylic acid acrylate moiety, carboxylic acid methacrylate moiety and combinations thereof.
The wall material may include an aminoplast. The aminoplast may include a polyurea, polyurethane, and/or polyureaurethane. The aminoplast may include an aminoplast copolymer, such as melamine-formaldehyde, urea-formaldehyde, cross-linked melamine formaldehyde, or mixtures thereof. The wall may include melamine formaldehyde, which may further include a coating as described below. The encapsulate may include a core that comprises perfume, and a wall that includes melamine formaldehyde and/or cross linked melamine formaldehyde. The encapsulate may include a core that comprises perfume, and a wall that comprises melamine formaldehyde and/or cross linked melamine formaldehyde, poly(acrylic acid) and poly(acrylic acid-co-butyl acrylate).
The core may include a benefit agent. Suitable benefit agent may be benefit agents that provide benefits to a surface, such as a fabric. The benefit agent may be selected from the group consisting of perfume raw materials, silicone oils, waxes, hydrocarbons, higher fatty acids, essential oils, lipids, skin coolants, vitamins, sunscreens, antioxidants, glycerine, catalysts, bleach particles, silicon dioxide particles, malodor reducing agents, odor-controlling materials, chelating agents, antistatic agents, softening agents, insect and moth repelling agents, colorants, antioxidants, chelants, bodying agents, drape and form control agents, smoothness agents, wrinkle control agents, sanitization agents, disinfecting agents, germ control agents, mold control agents, mildew control agents, antiviral agents, drying agents, stain resistance agents, soil release agents, fabric refreshing agents and freshness extending agents, chlorine bleach odor control agents, dye fixatives, dye transfer inhibitors, color maintenance agents, optical brighteners, color restoration/rejuvenation agents, anti-fading agents, whiteness enhancers, anti-abrasion agents, wear resistance agents, fabric integrity agents, anti-wear agents, anti-pilling agents, defoamers, anti-foaming agents, UV protection agents, sun fade inhibitors, anti-allergenic agents, enzymes, water proofing agents, fabric comfort agents, shrinkage resistance agents, stretch resistance agents, stretch recovery agents, skin care agents, glycerin, and natural actives, antibacterial actives, antiperspirant actives, cationic polymers, dyes and mixtures thereof. The benefit agent may include perfume raw materials.
The core may also comprise a partitioning modifier. Suitable partitioning modifiers may include vegetable oil, modified vegetable oil, propan-2-yl tetradecanoate and mixtures thereof. The modified vegetable oil may be esterified and/or brominated. The vegetable oil comprises castor oil and/or soy bean oil. The partitioning modifier may be propan-2-yl tetradecanoate. The partitioning modifier may be present in the core at a level, based on total core weight, of greater than 20%, or from greater than 20% to about 80%, or from greater than 20% to about 70%, or from greater than 20% to about 60%, or from about 30% to about 60%, or from about 30% to about 50%.
The encapsulates may have a volume weighted mean encapsulate size of from about 0.5 microns to about 100 microns, or from about 1 micron to about 60 microns.
The encapsulates may include a polyvinyl alcohol polymer. The polyvinyl alcohol polymer may be found in any location or region of the encapsulate that may interact with borate compounds in a finished product. For example, the polyvinyl alcohol polymer may be found in a core, a wall, an outer surface, and/or a coating of the encapsulates. The polyvinyl alcohol may be intentionally added to the encapsulates as an encapsulate component, such as a coating. The polyvinyl alcohol may be present in the encapsulates as an impurity that remains from the encapsulate-making process; for example, the polyvinyl alcohol may have been used to emulsify or suspend the main shell material as the encapsulates were manufactured.
The polyvinyl alcohol may be present in the encapsulates at a level of from about 0.5% to about 40%, or from about 0.8% to about 5%, by weight of the encapsulates. The polyvinyl alcohol polymer may be characterized by one or more of the following characteristics, as described below: hydrolysis degree, viscosity, degree of polymerization, weight average molecular weight, and/or number average molecular weight.
Suitable polyvinyl alcohol polymers may have a hydrolysis degree from about 55% to about 99%, or from about 75% to about 95%, or from about 85% to about 90%, or from about 87% to about 89%. Suitable polyvinyl alcohol polymers may have a viscosity of from about 40 cps to about 80 cps, or from about 45 cps to about 72 cps, or from about 45 cps to about 60 cps, or from about 45 cps to about 55 cps in 4% water solution at 20° C. Suitable polyvinyl alcohol polymers may be characterized by a degree of polymerization of from about 1500 to about 2500, or from about 1600 to about 2200, or from about 1600 to about 1900, or from about 1600 to about 1800. Suitable polyvinyl alcohol polymers may be characterized by a weight average molecular weight of from about 130,000 to about 204,000 Daltons, or from about 146,000 to about 186,000, or from about 146,000 to about 160,000, or from about 146,000 to about 155,000. Suitable polyvinyl alcohol polymers may be characterized by a number average molecular weight of from about 65,000 to about 110,000, or from about 70,000 to about 101,000, or from about 70,000 to about 90,000, or from about 70,000 to about 80,000 Daltons. The polyvinyl alcohol polymers found in the encapsulates of the present disclosure may have any suitable combination of these characteristics.
The encapsulate may comprise from 0.1% to 1.1%, by weight of the encapsulates, of polyvinyl alcohol. The polyvinyl alcohol may have at least one the following properties, or a mixture thereof: (i) a hydrolysis degree from 55% to 99%; (ii) a viscosity of from 40 mPa·s to 120 mPa·s in 4% water solution at 20° C.; (iii) a degree of polymerization of from 1,500 to 2,500; (iv) number average molecular weight of from 65,000 Da to 110,000 Da.
A deposition aid may at least partially coat the encapsulates, for example as a coating an outer surface of the wall of the encapsulates. The deposition aid may include a material selected from the group consisting of poly(meth)acrylate, poly(ethylene-maleic anhydride), polyamine, wax, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylpyrrolidone co-polymers, polyvinylpyrrolidone-ethyl acrylate, polyvinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acrylate, polyvinylpyrrolidone methylacrylate, polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate, polyvinyl acetal, polyvinyl butyral, polysiloxane, poly(propylene maleic anhydride), maleic anhydride derivatives, co-polymers of maleic anhydride derivatives, polyvinyl alcohol, styrene-butadiene latex, gelatin, gum Arabic, carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, other modified celluloses, sodium alginate, chitosan, casein, pectin, modified starch, polyvinyl acetal, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl methyl ether/maleic anhydride, polyvinyl pyrrolidone and its copolymers, poly(vinyl pyrrolidone/methacrylamidopropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride), polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone/dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl amines, polyvinyl formamides, polyallyl amines and copolymers of polyvinyl amines, polyvinyl formamides, polyallyl amines and mixtures thereof. The coating may include the polyvinyl alcohol described above. The coating may be continuous or discontinuous on the outer surface of the wall.
The core/shell encapsulate may comprise an emulsifier, wherein the emulsifier is preferably selected from anionic emulsifiers, nonionic emulsifiers, cationic emulsifiers or mixtures thereof, preferably nonionic emulsifiers.
First Composition Comprising Encapsulates
The methods and compositions of the present disclosure relate to a first composition comprising encapsulates. The first composition may be an encapsulate slurry or a base detergent, typically a slurry. The first composition may comprise the cross-linking inhibitor, as described below. The first composition may be substantially free of borate compounds.
The first composition may comprise from about 1%, or from about 5%, or from about 10%, or from about 20%, or from about 25%, or from about 30%, or from about 35%, to about 60%, or to about 50%, or to about 48%, by weight of the first composition, of encapsulates.
For ease of manufacturing and/or transport, encapsulates may be provided as a slurry composition having a relatively high concentration of encapsulates. However, it has been found that when such a slurry composition is combined with borate compounds in the absence of a cross-linking inhibitor, undesirable aggregation of the encapsulates may occur, as described above. Therefore, the first composition may be obtained by providing a cross-linking inhibitor to a precursor composition, such as a slurry composition, to form the first composition.
Put another way, the method described herein may include the step of providing a precursor composition, such as an unmodified slurry composition, that contains the encapsulates described herein. The precursor composition may include from about 20% to about 60%, by weight of the precursor/slurry composition, of the encapsulates. The slurry may include water, organic solvent, surfactant, antimicrobials, external structurant, or any other suitable materials including a cross-link inhibitor.
The method may further comprise the step of combining the precursor composition with a cross-linking inhibitor to form the first composition. For example, an (unmodified) encapsulate slurry may be provided, and the cross-linking inhibitor may be added to form a modified slurry. Suitable cross-linking inhibitors are described below.
The precursor and/or first composition may include a limited number of ingredients, such as no more than seven, or no more than six, or no more than five ingredients. The ingredients may include any material suitable for inclusion in the final product composition. For example, the precursor/slurry may include water, organic solvent, surfactant, an external structurant, or combinations thereof.
The precursor and/or first composition may have a pH of from about 1 to about 7, or from about 2 to about 6, or from about 3 to about 6, or from about 4 to about 6. The pH is measured as a 10% dilution in deionized water (1 part slurry, 9 parts water). It is believed that maintaining a lower pH in the slurry results in less encapsulate aggregation in the final product.
The addition of the cross-linking inhibitor to the precursor may occur at any suitable time. For example, the cross-linking inhibitor may be added to the slurry by the slurry manufacturer prior to shipping the slurry to the product manufacturer. The product manufacturer may add the cross-linking inhibitor to the slurry in advance of making the product composition. The product manufacturer may add the cross-linking inhibitor to the slurry as part of an in-line step of the product manufacturing process. For example, the slurry may be combined with the cross-linking inhibitor to form the first composition, and then the first composition may almost immediately be combined with the second composition.
The first composition may be a base product composition, such as a base detergent. The base detergent may comprise product adjuncts, as described below. The first composition being a base detergent may not be preferred, however, as a relatively greater amount of cross-linking inhibitor may have to be added due to a base detergent being relatively dilute in terms of encapsulate concentration compared to an encapsulate slurry.
Second Composition Comprising a Borate Compound
The methods described herein further comprise the step of providing a second composition, where the second composition comprises a borate compound. The second composition may comprise the cross-linking inhibitor, as described below. The first composition and the second composition may be combined, which may form a product composition.
As used in the present disclosure, a “borate compound” is a compound that comprises borate or that is capable of providing borate in solution. The borate compound may be any compound that is suitable for inclusion in a desired product composition. Borate compounds may be capable of providing different benefits, such as benefits related to pH buffering and/or enzyme stabilization. Borate compounds may include boric acid, boric acid derivatives, boronic acid, boronic acid derivatives, and combinations thereof.
Boric acid has the chemical formula H3BO3 (sometimes written as B(OH)3). Boric acid derivatives include boron-containing compounds where at least a portion of the compound is present in solution as boric acid or a chemical equivalent thereof. Suitable boric acid derivatives include MEA-borate (i.e., monoethanolamine borate), borax, boric oxide, tetraborate decahydrate, tetraborate pentahydrate, alkali metal borates (such as sodium ortho-, meta- and pyroborate and sodium pentaborate), and mixtures thereof.
Boronic acid has the chemical formula R—B(OH)2, where R is a non-hydroxyl substituent group. R may be selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted C6-C10 aryl groups and substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 alkyl groups. R may be selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted C6 aryl groups and substituted or unsubstituted C1-C4 alkyl groups. The boronic acid may be selected from the group consisting of phenylboronic acid, ethylboronic acid, 3-nitrobenzeneboronic acid, and mixtures thereof.
The boronic acid may be a compound according to Formula I:
wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, C1-C6 alkyl, substituted C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl and substituted C2-C6 alkenyl. R1 may be a C1-C6 alkyl, in particular wherein R1 is CH3, CH3CH2 or CH3CH2CH2, or wherein R1 is hydrogen. The boronic acid may include 4-formyl-phenyl-boronic acid (4-FPBA).
The boronic acid may be selected from the group consisting of: thiophene-2 boronic acid, thiophene-3 boronic acid, acetamidophenyl boronic acid, benzofuran-2 boronic acid, naphtalene-1 boronic acid, naphtalene-2 boronic acid, 2-FPBA, 3-FBPA, 4-FPBA, 1-thianthrene boronic acid, 4-dibenzofuran boronic acid, 5-methylthiophene-2 boronic, acid, thionaphtrene boronic acid, furan-2 boronic acid, furan-3 boronic acid, 4,4 biphenyl-diborinic acid, 6-hydroxy-2-naphtalene, 4-(methylthio) phenyl boronic acid, 4 (trimethyl-silyl)phenyl boronic acid, 3-bromothiophene boronic acid, 4-methylthiophene boronic acid, 2-naphtyl boronic acid, 5-bromothiphene boronic acid, 5-chlorothiophene boronic acid, dimethylthiophene boronic acid, 2-bromophenyl boronic acid, 3-chlorophenyl boronic acid, 3-methoxy-2-thiophene, p-methyl-phenylethyl boronic acid, 2-thianthrene boronic acid, di-benzothiophene boronic acid, 4-carboxyphenyl boronic acid, 9-anthryl boronic acid, 3,5 dichlorophenyl boronic, acid, diphenyl boronic acidanhydride, o-chlorophenyl boronic acid, p-chlorophenyl boronic acid, m-bromophenyl boronic acid, p-bromophenyl boronic acid, p-flourophenyl boronic acid, p-tolyl boronic acid, o-tolyl boronic acid, octyl boronic acid, 1,3,5 trimethylphenyl boronic acid, 3-chloro-4-flourophenyl boronic acid, 3-aminophenyl boronic acid, 3,5-bis-(triflouromethyl)phenyl boronic acid, 2,4 dichlorophenyl boronic acid, 4-methoxyphenyl boronic acid, and combinations thereof.
The second composition may comprise from about 0.01% to about 10%, or from about 0.1% to about 5%, or from about 1% to about 3%, by weight of the second composition, of a borate compound.
The second composition may be a base product composition, such as a base detergent. The base detergent may comprise product adjuncts, as described below. The base detergent may comprise from about 5% to about 60%, by weight of the base detergent, of surfactant.
Cross-Linking Inhibitor
The methods and compositions described herein include a cross-linking inhibitor. As used herein, a “cross-linking inhibitor” is a compound that inhibits cross-linking between polyvinyl alcohol and borate compounds. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that when added to a composition that contains polyvinyl alcohol or a borate compound, the cross-linking inhibitor interacts with the hydroxyl (—OH) sites of the polyvinyl alcohol or borate compound, e.g., by forming hydrogen bonds. Because at least some of the hydroxyl sites of the polyvinyl alcohol or borate are occupied by the cross-linking inhibitor, cross-linking between the polyvinyl alcohol and borate is reduced when the first and second compositions are combined, resulting in less aggregation of encapsulates.
The first composition, the second composition, or both compositions may comprise the cross-linking inhibitor. The cross-linking inhibitor may be present in only the first composition. The cross-linking inhibitor may be present in only the second composition. The cross-linking inhibitor may be added to a first composition precursor; for example, the cross-linking inhibitor may be added to an encapsulate slurry composition to form a modified slurry. It has been found that adding a cross-linking inhibitor to an encapsulate slurry more efficiently reduces encapsulate aggregation than adding the inhibitor to a base detergent composition that includes a borate compound; in sum, a lower level of cross-linking inhibitor is required.
As described above, a suitable cross-linking inhibitor will occupy at least some of the hydroxyl sites of the polyvinyl alcohol found in or on an encapsulate, and/or at least some of the hydroxyl sites of the borate compound. Suitable cross-linking inhibitors may include moieties capable of forming hydrogen bonds with polyvinyl alcohol and/or borate. Typically, the cross-linking inhibitors will include at least two moieties capable of forming hydrogen bonds. The at least two moieties may be spaced at least three carbon atoms apart. The at least two moieties may be spaced by no more than 5 carbon atoms apart. The at least two moieties may be spaced three carbon atoms apart. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that cross-linking inhibition improves when the spacing of the hydrogen-bond-forming moieties aligns with the spacing of the hydroxyl groups of the polyvinyl alcohol.
Suitable moieties that are capable of forming hydrogen bonds include moieties independently selected from the group comprising —OH, —SO3, —NH2, —COOH, and combinations thereof. The at least one, or at least two, of the moieties may be hydroxyl groups (—OH). The moieties, e.g. the hydroxyl groups, may be spaced three carbon atoms apart, although there may be a moieity, such as a hydroxyl group, on the intermediate carbon as well. The hydrogen-bond-forming moieties of the cross-linking inhibitor may be the same, or they may be different. At least one of the hydrogen-bond-forming moieties may be at a terminal position of the cross-linking inhibitor.
The cross-linking inhibitor may be a polyol. As used herein, a “polyol” is a compound that has at least two hydroxyl groups. The polyol may include at least two hydroxyl groups that are separated by three carbon atoms, for example, HO—CH—CH2-CH—OH. The polyol may be described as an at least “n, n+2 hydroxl” polyol meaning that the polyol has a hydroxyl group at an “n” position and a hydroxyl group at an “n+2” position. It is understood that additional hydroxyl groups may be present (e.g., at the “n+1” position, the “n−1” position, the “n+2” position, etc.). The polyol may be a “n, n+2 diol”, where the diol has from 3 to 12, or from 3 to 10, or from 3 to 8, or from 3 to 6 carbons; for example, 1,3-propanediol; 1,3-butanediol; and 2,4-butanediol. At least one of the at least two hydroxyl groups may be at a terminal position of the cross-linking inhibitor.
The cross-linking inhibitor may by a polyol having from three to twenty carbon atoms, or from three to twelve carbon atoms, or from three to nine carbon atoms, or from three to six carbon atoms. The polyol may have a weight average molecular weight of less than the polyvinyl alcohol, e.g., less than about 20,000, or less than about 10,000, or less than about 5,000, or less than about 1,000 Daltons.
It may be desirable for the cross-linking inhibitor to have some, hydrogen-bond forming groups (such as —OH) so that it can interact with the PVOH and/or borate derivatives, but not too many such groups, as the groups may form intra- and inter-molecular hydrogen bonds and become semi- or fully-crystalline. Crystallinity may result in challenges in effectively adding and/or dispersing the cross-linking inhibitor in the compositions described herein. Therefore, the the cross-linking inhibitor may be a liquid at room temperature (i.e., 20° C.).
The cross-linking inhibitor may comprise a reduced sugar. The reduced sugar may have no more than twelve carbons, or no more than ten carbons, or no more than eight carbons, or no more than seven carbons, or no more than six carbons. The reduced sugar may have at least three carbons. The reduced sugar may have six carbons.
The cross-linking inhibitor may be an amino sugar, where at least one hydroxyl group has been replaced by an amine group (e.g., a 2-amino-2-deoxysugar). The amino sugar may be a glucosamine. The glucosamine may have the following structure:
where R1 and R2 are independently selected from —H, —OH, and an C1-C12 alkyl group; the C1-C12 alkyl group may be unsubstituted or substituted, for example with —OH.
The reduced sugar may be selected from the group consisting of: sorbitol; mannitol; galactitol; xylitol; ribitol; arabinitol; erythritol; threitol; glycerol; and mixtures thereof.
The cross-linking inhibitor may comprise an alkoxylated sugar. The alkoxylating groups may be ethoxylate groups, propoxylate groups, or mixtures thereof.
The cross-linking inhibitor may comprise a polysaccharide and/or an oligosaccharide. The polysaccharide and/or oligosaccharide may have a weight average molecular weight that is less than the weight average molecular weight of the polyvinyl alcohol. The weight average molecular weight of the polysaccharide and/or oligosaccharide may be less than about 200,000, or less than about 175,000, or less than about 150,000, or less than about 100,000, or less than about 50,000, or less than about 25,000, or less than about 10,000, or less than about 5,000, or less than about 1000 Daltons.
A suitable polysaccharide may include chitosan. The chitosan may be a linear polysaccharide comprising randomly distributed β-(1,4)-linked D-glucosamine (deacetylated unit) and N-acetylglucosamine (acetylated unit) and generally has the following structure:
wherein n and m vary depending on the average molecular weight of the chitosan and the degree of deacetylation of the chitosan. The degree of deacetylation (% deacetylation) of the chitosan is equal to 100n/(n+m).
The chitosan of the present invention may have a weight average molecular weight of at least about 10 kDa (kilodaltons) and/or a degree of deacetylation of at least about 50%. Chitosan polysaccharides that do not have one or both of these characteristics have been found to be less effective in inhibiting aggregation.
Size-exclusion liquid chromatography (LC) is used to determine the Weight-Average Molecular Weight of chitosan test material. Chitosan samples (0.1% wt/vol) are dissolved in AcOH/AcNH4 buffer (pH 4.5) and then filtered through a 0.45 um pore size membrane (Millipore). Size-exclusion liquid chromatography (LC) is performed by means of an LC pump (such as the 1260 Infinity pump, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, Calif., USA), with two serially-connected columns specifically a model TSK G2500-PW column and a model TSK G6000-PW column, both available from Tosoh Bioscience LLC (King of Prussia, Pa., USA). The detection is achieved via a differential refractometer (such as the model Wyatt Optilab T-rex) coupled on-line with a MALLS detector (such as the model Wyatt Dawn Heleos II) both available from Wyatt Technology Corp. (Santa Barbara, Calif., USA.). Degassed AcOH/AcNH4 buffer (pH 4.5) is used as the eluent after two filtrations through 0.22 um pore size membranes (Millipore). The flow rate is maintained at 0.5 mL/min, and the amount of sample injected is 100 ul. Chromatograms are analyzed by the software such as the Wyatt Astra version 6.1.2 (Wyatt Technology Corp., Santa Barbara, Calif., USA) to calculate the Weight Average Molecular Weight of the chitosan test material.
The degree of deacetylation of chitosan test material is determined via Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Chitosan test material (10 mg) is dissolved in 1 mL of dilute acidic D2O (>99.9%, such as available from Aldrich). A Brüker NMR instrument model DRX 300 spectrometer (300 MHz) (Bruker Corp., Billerica, Mass., USA) or similar instrument is used to measure the 1H NMR at 298 Kelvin. The 1H chemical shifts are expressed from the signal of 3-(trimethylsilyl) propionic-2,2,3,3-d4 acid sodium salt (>98%, such as available from Aldrich) which is used as an external reference. The degree of deacetylation is calculated from the measured chemical shifts according to standard and widely used approach described in the publication: Hirai et al., Polymer Bulletin 26 (1991), 87-94.
The cross-linking inhibitor may have a structure according to Formula (I):
where each of R1-R6 is independently selected from a C1-C8 alkyl, a C1-C8 hydroxylated alkyl, an alkoxylated C1-C8 alkyl, an aryl group, an aryl hydroxyl, a hydrogen, or a hydroxyl group. Each of R1-R6 may be independently selected from a C1-C3 alkyl, a C1-C3 hydroxylated alkyl group, a hydrogen, or a hydroxyl group. R1 may be a hydrogen or a hydroxyl group; R3, R4, and/or R5 may be a hydrogen; and R2 and R6 may each be independently selected from hydrogen, a C1-C3 alkyl group, or a C1-C3 hydroxylated alkyl group. R2, R3, R5, and R6 may be hydrogen, and R1 and R4 may each be independently selected from a hydrogen, a hydroxyl, or a C1-C3 hydroxylated alkyl, such as a methanol group.
The cross-linking inhibitor may have a structure according to Formula (II):
where L is selected from carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen, and where each R group is independently selected from a C1-C8 alkyl, a C1-C8 hydroxylated alkyl, an alkoxylated C1-C8 alkyl, an aryl group, an aryl hydroxyl, a hydrogen, or a hydroxyl group. Each of R group may be independently selected from a C1-C3 alkyl, a C1-C3 hydroxylated alkyl group, a hydrogen, or a hydroxyl group. R3 and R5 may each be hydrogen; and R2 and R6 may be independently selected from hydrogen, a C1-C3 alkyl group, or a C1-C3 hydroxylated alkyl group. R2, R3, R5, and R6 may be hydrogen, and R1 and R4 may each be a hydrogen, a hydroxyl, or a C1-C3 hydroxylated alkyl, such as a methanol group.
The cross-linking inhibitor may have a structure according to Formula (III):
where each X is independently selected from —OH, NH2, SH, and COOH, where L is selected from carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen, and where each R group is independently selected from a C1-C8 alkyl, a C1-C8 hydroxylated alkyl, an alkoxylated C1-C8 alkyl, an aryl group, an aryl hydroxyl, a hydrogen, or a hydroxyl group. Each of R group may be independently selected from a C1-C3 alkyl, a C1-C3 hydroxylated alkyl group, a hydrogen, or a hydroxyl group. R3 and R5 may each be hydrogen; and R2 and R6 may be independently selected from hydrogen, a C1-C3 alkyl group, or a C1-C3 hydroxylated alkyl group. R2, R3, R5, and R6 may be hydrogen, and R1 and R4 may each be a hydrogen, a hydroxyl, or a C1-C3 hydroxylated alkyl, such as a methanol group.
The cross-linking inhibitor may be selected from the group consisting of: sorbitol; mannitol; galactitol; xylitol; threitol; glycerol; penterythritol; 2, 3-butanediol; 2-methy-1,3-propanediol; 2, 4-pentanediol; 1,3-propanediol; N-methyl-D-glucamine; 2-amino-1,3-propanediol; 2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol; 2-amino-1,3-propanediol; urea; guanidine hydrochloride; and combinations thereof. The cross-linking inhibitor may be selected from the group consisting of: sorbitol; mannitol; 1,3-propanediol; glycerol; or combinations thereof. The cross-linking inhibitor may be a substituted or unsubstituted 1,3-propanediol or sorbitol, preferably sorbitol. The cross-linking inhibitor may include one or more amine groups. However, in some embodiments, the amine group may protonate, which may then negatively interact with other components of the first, second, or product composition. For example, a cross-linking inhibitor that includes at least one amine group may interact with certain polysaccharide structurants, such as xanthan gum. Therefore, in some embodiments, the cross-linking inhibitor is free of amine groups. Therefore, in some embodiments, the first, second, and/or product compositions are free of polysaccharides, particularly if the cross-linking inhibitor includes at least one amine group.
The compositions herein may comprise from about 0.1% to about 20%, or from about 0.5% to about 10%, or from about 0.75% to about 4%, or from about 1% to about 2%, by weight of the composition, of the cross-linking inhibitor.
The compositions described herein may comprise a sufficient amount of the cross-linking inhibitor so that the molar ratio of the cross-linking inhibitor to the borate derivative is at least about 1.5:1, or at least about 2:1. The compositions described herein may comprise a sufficient amount of the cross-linking inhibitor so that the molar ratio of the cross-linking inhibitor to the hydroxyl groups found in the polyvinyl alcohol in the first composition is at least about 0.1:1, or at least about 0.5:1, or at least about 1:1.
Product Composition
The present disclosure relates to methods of making product compositions. See
The first and second compositions may be combined by any suitable method known to one of ordinary skill in the art. For example, the first and second compositions may be mixed with an in-line static mixer. The first and second composition may be mixed in a batch process, such as in a stirred tank.
The first and second compositions should be mixed at proportions suitable to give the desired levels of encapsulates and borate compound, respectively, in the product composition. The product composition may comprise from about 0.1% to about 5%, by weight of the product composition, of encapsulates. When the encapsulates include perfume raw materials, the product may comprise from about 0.1% to about 3%, or to about 2%, or to about 1%, or to about 0.75%, or to about 0.5%, by weight of the product composition, of perfume raw materials that are delivered by the encapsulates. The product composition may comprise from about 0.01% to about 4%, by weight of the product composition, of borate compound.
As described above, it is desired to minimize the aggregation of the encapsulates in the presence of borate compounds. The amount of aggregation may be determined using the AN212 method described below. The product composition may be characterized as having no more than 5 encapsulates per gram of product composition, or no more than 4 encapsulates per gram of product composition, or no more than 3 encapsulates per gram of product composition, or no more than 2.5 encapsulates per gram of product composition, as determined by the AN212 method described herein.
The product composition may be in unit dose form. A unit dose article is intended to provide a single, easy to use dose of the composition contained within the article for a particular application. The unit dose form may be a pouch or a water-soluble sheet. A pouch may comprise at least one, or at least two, or at least three compartments. Typically, the composition is contained in at least one of the compartments. The compartments may be arranged in superposed orientation, i.e., one positioned on top of the other, where they may share a common wall. At least one compartment may be superposed on another compartment. Alternatively, the compartments may be positioned in a side-by-side orientation, i.e., one orientated next to the other. The compartments may even be orientated in a ‘tire and rim’ arrangement, i.e., a first compartment is positioned next to a second compartment, but the first compartment at least partially surrounds the second compartment, but does not completely enclose the second compartment. Alternatively, one compartment may be completely enclosed within another compartment.
The unit dose form may comprise water-soluble film that forms the compartment and encapsulates the detergent composition. Preferred film materials are polymeric materials; for example, the water-soluble film may comprise polyvinyl alcohol. The film material can, for example, be obtained by casting, blow-moulding, extrusion, or blown extrusion of the polymeric material, as known in the art. Suitable films are those supplied by Monosol (Merrillville, Ind., USA) under the trade references M8630, M8900, M8779, M9467, and M8310, and PVA films of corresponding solubility and deformability characteristics. The film and/or composition contained therein may comprise an aversive agent, such as BITREX™.
When the product composition is a liquid, the fabric care composition typically comprises water. The composition may comprise from about 1% to about 80%, by weight of the composition, water. When the composition is a heavy duty liquid detergent composition, the composition typically comprises from about 40% to about 80% water. When the composition is a compact liquid detergent, the composition typically comprises from about 20% to about 60%, or from about 30% to about 50% water. When the composition is in unit dose form, for example, encapsulated in water-soluble film, the composition typically comprises less than 20%, or less than 15%, or less than 12%, or less than 10%, or less than 8%, or less than 5% water. The composition may comprise from about 1% to 20%, or from about 3% to about 15%, or from about 5% to about 12%, by weight of the composition, water.
The first, second, and/or product compositions may include a surfactant system. The compositions may include from about 5% to about 60%, by weight of the composition, of the surfactant system. The composition may include from about 20%, or from about 25%, or from about 30%, or from about 35%, or from about 40%, to about 60%, or to about 55%, or to about 50%, or to about 45%, by weight of the composition, of the surfactant system. The composition may include from about 35% to about 50%, or from about 40% to about 45%, by weight of the composition, of a surfactant system. The product composition may comprise from about 5 wt % to about 60 wt % of a surfactant system. The first composition and/or the second composition may be a base detergent comprising from about 5 wt % to about 60 wt % of surfactant system.
The surfactant system may include any surfactant suitable for the intended purpose of the detergent composition. The surfactant system may comprise a detersive surfactant selected from anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, ampholytic surfactants, and mixtures thereof. Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that a detersive surfactant encompasses any surfactant or mixture of surfactants that provide cleaning, stain removing, or laundering benefit to soiled material.
The surfactant system may include anionic surfactant. The anionic surfactant may include alkoxylated sulfate surfactant, which may include alkyl ethoxylated sulfate. The anionic surfactant may include anionic sulphonate surfactant, which may include alkyl benzene sulphonate, including linear alkyl benzene sulphonate.
The surfactant system may include nonionic surfactant. These can include, for example, alkoxylated fatty alcohols and amine oxide surfactants. In some examples, the surfactant system may contain an ethoxylated nonionic surfactant.
The first, second, and/or product compositions may include any other suitable product adjuncts. Such adjuncts may be selected, for example, to provide performance benefits, stability benefits, and/or aesthetic benefits. Suitable product adjuncts may include builders, chelating agents, dye transfer inhibiting agents, dispersants, enzyme stabilizers, catalytic materials, bleaching agents, bleach catalysts, bleach activators, polymeric dispersing agents, soil removal/anti-redeposition agents, for example PEI600 EO20 (ex BASF), polymeric soil release agents, polymeric dispersing agents, polymeric grease cleaning agents, brighteners, suds suppressors, dyes, perfume, structure elasticizing agents, fabric softeners, carriers, fillers, hydrotropes, solvents, anti-microbial agents and/or preservatives, neutralizers and/or pH adjusting agents, processing aids, opacifiers, pearlescent agents, pigments, or mixtures thereof. A few of these product adjuncts are discussed in more detail below.
The compositions may include an external structuring system. The structuring system may be used to provide sufficient viscosity to the composition in order to provide, for example, suitable pour viscosity, phase stability, and/or suspension capabilities.
The compositions of the present disclosure may comprise from 0.01% to 5% or even from 0.1% to 1% by weight of an external structuring system. The external structuring system may be selected from the group consisting of:
(i) non-polymeric crystalline, hydroxy-functional structurants and/or
(ii) polymeric structurants.
Such external structuring systems may be those which impart a sufficient yield stress or low shear viscosity to stabilize a fluid laundry detergent composition independently from, or extrinsic from, any structuring effect of the detersive surfactants of the composition. They may impart to a fluid laundry detergent composition a high shear viscosity at 20 s−1 at 21° C. of from 1 to 1500 cps and a viscosity at low shear (0.05 s−1 at 21° C.) of greater than 5000 cps. The viscosity is measured using an AR 550 rheometer from TA instruments using a plate steel spindle at 40 mm diameter and a gap size of 500 μm. The high shear viscosity at 20 s−1 and low shear viscosity at 0.5 s−1 can be obtained from a logarithmic shear rate sweep from 0.1 s−1 to 25 s−1 in 3 minutes time at 21° C.
The compositions may comprise from about 0.01% to about 1% by weight of a non-polymeric crystalline, hydroxyl functional structurant. Such non-polymeric crystalline, hydroxyl functional structurants may comprise a crystallizable glyceride which can be pre-emulsified to aid dispersion into the composition. Suitable crystallizable glycerides include hydrogenated castor oil or “HCO” or derivatives thereof, provided that it is capable of crystallizing in the liquid compositions described herein.
The compositions may comprise from about 0.01% to 5% by weight of a naturally derived and/or synthetic polymeric structurant. Suitable naturally derived polymeric structurants include: hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, polysaccharide derivatives and mixtures thereof. Suitable polysaccharide derivatives include: pectine, alginate, arabinogalactan (gum Arabic), carrageenan, gellan gum, xanthan gum, guar gum and mixtures thereof. Suitable synthetic polymeric structurants include: polycarboxylates, polyacrylates, hydrophobically modified ethoxylated urethanes, hydrophobically modified non-ionic polyols and mixtures thereof. The polycarboxylate polymer may be a polyacrylate, polymethacrylate or mixtures thereof. The polyacrylate may be a copolymer of unsaturated mono- or di-carbonic acid and C1-C30 alkyl ester of the (meth)acrylic acid. Such copolymers are available from Noveon inc under the tradename Carbopol® Aqua 30.
The compositions may include enzymes. Enzymes may be included in the compositions for a variety of purposes, including removal of protein-based, carbohydrate-based, or triglyceride-based stains from substrates, for the prevention of refugee dye transfer in fabric laundering, and for fabric restoration. Suitable enzymes include proteases, amylases, lipases, carbohydrases, cellulases, oxidases, peroxidases, mannanases, and mixtures thereof of any suitable origin, such as vegetable, animal, bacterial, fungal, and yeast origin. Other enzymes that may be used in the compositions described herein include hemicellulases, gluco-amylases, xylanases, esterases, cutinases, pectinases, keratanases, reductases, oxidases, phenoloxidases, lipoxygenases, ligninases, pullulanases, tannases, pentosanases, malanases, β-glucanases, arabinosidases, hyaluronidases, chondroitinases, laccases, or mixtures thereof. Enzyme selection is influenced by factors such as pH-activity and/or stability optima, thermostability, and stability to active detergents, builders, and the like.
The present disclosure further relates to product compositions made according to the methods described herein. For example, the present disclosure relates to product compositions made according to the following steps: providing a first composition comprising encapsulates, where the first composition comprises no more than about 15 wt % of the encapsulates, and where the encapsulates comprise polyvinyl alcohol polymer; and combining the first composition with a second composition comprising a borate compound, thereby forming a product composition. The first composition may be made by providing a slurry that comprises from about 20 wt % to about 60 wt % of the encapsulates, by weight of the slurry, and combining the slurry with a cross-linking inhibitor to form the first composition. The product composition may include from about 5 wt % to about 60 wt % of surfactant. The product composition may be characterized as having no more than 5 encapsulates per gram of product composition, or no more than 4 encapsulates per gram of product composition, or no more than 3 encapsulates per gram of product composition, or no more than 2.5 encapsulates per gram of product composition, as determined by the AN212 method described herein.
Slurry Composition
The present disclosure further relates to a slurry composition. The slurry compositions of the present disclosure may be useful premixes, and may have a limited number of ingredients. For example, the slurry composition may have no more than seven ingredients, or no more than six ingredients, or no more than five ingredients. Typically, the ingredients are compatible with, or even useful in, the final product composition.
The slurry composition may have the same characteristics as the first composition as described above, for example the modified slurry described above. The slurry composition may comprise: from about 10% to about 60%, by weight of the slurry composition, of encapsulates, where the encapsulates comprise a polyvinyl alcohol polymer; a cross-linking inhibitor; and a liquid carrier.
Suitable encapsulates are described above. The slurry composition may comprise encapsulates that comprise a core and a shell at least partially surrounding the core. The core may comprise a benefit agent, as described above, such as perfume raw materials. The shell may comprise least a portion of the polyvinyl alcohol polymer.
The shell may comprise any of the shell materials described above. The shell may comprise a shell material selected from the group consisting of a polyacrylate, a polyethylene glycol acrylate, a polyurethane acrylate, an epoxy acrylate, a polymethacrylate, a polyethylene glycol methacrylate, a polyurethane methacrylate, an epoxy methacrylate, and mixtures thereof. The shell material may comprise a polyacrylate.
Suitable cross-linking inhibitors are described above. The cross-linking inhibitor may be selected from from the group consisting of: sorbitol; mannitol; galactitol; xylitol; threitol; glycerol; 2, 3-butanediol; 2-methy-1,3-propanediol; 2, 4-pentanediol; 1,3-propanediol; N-methyl-D-glucamine; 2-amino-1,3-propanediol; 2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol; 2-amino-1,3-propanediol; urea; guanidine hydrochloride; and combinations thereof. The cross-linking inhibitor may be selected from the group consisting of: sorbitol; mannitol; 1,3-propanediol; glycerol; or combinations thereof. The cross-linking inhibitor may be a substituted or unsubstituted 1,3-propanediol or sorbitol, preferably sorbitol.
In the slurry composition, the molar ratio of the hydroxyl groups found in the polyvinyl alcohol and the cross-linking inhibitor may be from about 3:1 to about 1:3, or from about 2:1 to about 1:2, or about 1:1.
The liquid carrier of the water may comprise water and/or an organic solvent. The liquid carrier may be water.
Methods of Use
The present disclosure relates to a method of pretreating or treating a surface, such as a fabric, where the method includes the step of contacting the surface (e.g., fabric) with the product composition described herein. The contacting step may occur in the presence of water, where the water and the product composition form a wash liquor. The contacting may occur during a washing step, and water may be added before, during, or after the contacting step to form the wash liquor.
The washing step may be followed by a rinsing step. During the rinsing step, the fabric may be contacted with a fabric softening composition, wherein said fabric softening composition comprises a fabric softening active. The fabric softening active of the methods described herein may comprise a quaternary ammonium compound, silicone, fatty acids or esters, sugars, fatty alcohols, alkoxylated fatty alcohols, polyglycerol esters, oily sugar derivatives, wax emulsions, fatty acid glycerides, or mixtures thereof. Suitable commercially available fabric softeners may also be used, such those sold under the brand names DOWNY®, LENOR® (both available from The Procter & Gamble Company), and SNUGGLE® (available from The Sun Products Corporation). The step of contacting the fabric with a fabric softening composition may occur in the presence of water, for example during a rinse cycle of an automatic washing machine.
Any suitable washing machine may be used, for example, a top-loading or front-loading automatic washing machine. Those skilled in the art will recognize suitable machines for the relevant wash operation. The compositions of the present disclosure may be used in combination with other compositions, such as fabric additives, fabric softeners, rinse aids, and the like.
Additionally, the product compositions of the present disclosure may be used in known methods where a surface is treated/washed by hand.
Specifically contemplated combinations of the disclosure are herein described in the following lettered paragraphs. These combinations are intended to be illustrative in nature and are not intended to be limiting.
A. A method of making a composition, the method comprising the steps of: (a) providing a first composition and a second composition, wherein the first composition comprises encapsulates, wherein the encapsulates comprise a polyvinyl alcohol polymer; wherein the second composition comprises a borate compound; and wherein the first composition, the second composition, or both compositions comprises a cross-linking inhibitor; (b) combining the first composition and the second composition to form a product composition.
B. A method according to paragraph A, wherein the encapsulates are encapsulates that comprise a core and a shell at least partially surrounding the core, wherein the core comprises a benefit agent, and wherein the shell comprises at least a portion of the polyvinyl alcohol polymer.
C. A method according to any of paragraphs A-B, wherein the benefit agent of the core comprises perfume raw materials.
D. A method according to any of paragraphs A-C, wherein the core further comprises a partitioning modifier.
E. A method according to any of paragraphs A-D, wherein the shell comprises a shell material selected from the group consisting of polyethylenes; polyamides; polystyrenes; polyisoprenes; polycarbonates; polyesters; polyacrylates; acrylics; aminoplasts; polyolefins; polysaccharides; gelatin; shellac; epoxy resins; vinyl polymers; water insoluble inorganics; silicone; and mixtures thereof.
F. A method according to any of paragraphs A-E, wherein the shell comprises a shell material selected from the group consisting of a polyacrylate, a polyethylene glycol acrylate, a polyurethane acrylate, an epoxy acrylate, a polymethacrylate, a polyethylene glycol methacrylate, a polyurethane methacrylate, an epoxy methacrylate, and mixtures thereof.
G. A method according to any of paragraphs A-F, wherein the shell material comprises a polyacrylate.
H. A method according to any of paragraphs A-G, wherein the first composition is an encapsulate slurry comprising from about 10% to about 60%, by weight of the first composition, of encapsulates.
I. A method according to any of paragraphs A-H, wherein the borate compound is selected from the group consisting of boric acid, boric acid derivatives, and combinations thereof.
J. A method according to any of paragraphs A-I, wherein the borate compound is present in the product composition at a level of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt %, by weight of the product composition.
K. A method according to any of paragraphs A-J, wherein the first composition comprises the cross-linking inhibitor.
L. A method according to any of paragraphs A-K, wherein the method further comprises the step of providing the cross-linking inhibitor to a precursor composition to form the first composition.
M. A method according to any of paragraphs A-L, wherein the cross-linking inhibitor comprises at least one moiety, preferably at least two moieties, capable of forming hydrogen bonds with polyvinyl alcohol and/or with borate compounds
N. A method according to paragraph M, wherein the at least two moieties are spaced three carbon atoms apart.
O. A method according to any of paragraphs M-N, wherein the at least one moiety is, or the at least two moieties are independently, selected from the group comprising —OH, —SH, —NH2, —COOH, and combinations thereof, preferably wherein at least one is, or at least two are, —OH.
P. A method according to any of paragraphs A-O, wherein the cross-linking inhibitor is a reduced sugar.
Q. A method according to any of paragraphs A-P, wherein the cross-linking inhibitor is a polyol having from three to twenty carbon atoms, wherein the polyol is at least a n, n+2 hydroxyl polyol.
R. A method according to any of paragraphs A-Q, wherein the cross-linking inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of: sorbitol; mannitol; galactitol; xylitol; threitol; glycerol; 2, 3-butanediol; 2-methy-1,3-propanediol; 2, 4-pentanediol; 1,3-propanediol; N-methyl-D-glucamine; 2-amino-1,3-propanediol; 2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol; 2-amino-1,3-propanediol; urea; guanidine hydrochloride and combinations thereof.
S. A method according to any of paragraphs A-R, wherein the cross-linking inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of: sortibol; mannitol; 1,3-propanediol; glycerol; and combinations thereof.
T. A method according to any of paragraphs A-S, wherein the cross-linking inhibitor is sorbitol.
U. A method according to any of paragraphs A-T, wherein the cross-linking inhibitor is an amino sugar.
V. A method according to any of paragraphs A-U, wherein the cross-linking inhibitor is a polysaccharide.
W. A method according to any of paragraphs A-V, wherein the product composition comprises from about 0.01 wt % to about 5 wt % of the encapsulates.
X. A method according to any of paragraphs A-W, wherein the product composition further comprises an enzyme.
Y. A method according to any of paragraphs A-X, wherein the product composition further comprises an external structurant.
Z. A method according to any of paragraphs A-Y, wherein the product composition comprises from about 5 wt % to about 60 wt % of surfactant.
AA. A method according to any of paragraphs A-Z, wherein the product composition comprises no more than 5 encapsulates per gram of product composition, as determined by the AN212 method described herein.
BB. A method according to any of paragraphs A-AA, wherein either the first composition or the second composition is a base detergent comprising from about 5 wt % to about 75 wt % of a surfactant system.
CC. A product composition made according to a method according to any of paragraphs A-BB.
DD. A product composition according to paragraph CC, wherein the product composition comprises from about 5 wt % to about 60 wt % of a surfactant system.
EE. A slurry composition comprising: from about 10% to about 60%, by weight of the slurry composition, of encapsulates, wherein the encapsulates comprise a polyvinyl alcohol polymer; a cross-linking inhibitor; and a liquid carrier.
FF. A slurry composition according to paragraph FF, wherein the encapsulates are encapsulates that comprise a core and a shell at least partially surrounding the core, wherein the core comprises a benefit agent, and wherein the shell comprises at least a portion of the polyvinyl alcohol polymer.
GG. A slurry composition according to any of paragraphs EE-FF, wherein the benefit agent of the core comprises perfume raw materials.
HH. A slurry composition according to any of paragraphs EE-GG, wherein the shell comprises a shell material selected from the group consisting of a polyacrylate, a polyethylene glycol acrylate, a polyurethane acrylate, an epoxy acrylate, a polymethacrylate, a polyethylene glycol methacrylate, a polyurethane methacrylate, an epoxy methacrylate, and mixtures thereof.
II. A slurry composition according to any of paragraphs EE-HH, wherein the shell material comprises a polyacrylate.
JJ. A slurry composition according to any of paragraphs EE-II, wherein the cross-linking inhibitor is a reduced sugar.
KK. A slurry composition according to any of paragraphs EE-JJ, wherein the cross-linking inhibitor is a polyol having from three to twenty carbon atoms, wherein the polyol is at least a n, n+2 hydroxyl polyol.
LL. A slurry composition according to any of paragraphs EE-KK, wherein the cross-linking inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of: sorbitol; mannitol; galactitol; xylitol; threitol; glycerol; 2, 3-butanediol; 2-methy-1,3-propanediol; 2, 4-pentanediol; 1,3-propanediol; N-methyl-D-glucamine; 2-amino-1,3-propanediol; 2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol; 2-amino-1,3-propanediol; urea; guanidine hydrochloride; and combinations thereof.
MM. A slurry composition according to any of paragraphs EE-LL, wherein the polyvinyl alcohol and the cross-linking inhibitor are present in a molar ratio of from about 3:1 to about 1:3, or from about 2:1 to about 1:2, or about 1:1.
NN. An encapsulate slurry according to any of paragraphs EE-MM, wherein the liquid carrier comprises water.
OO. An encapsulate slurry according to any of paragraphs EE-NN, wherein the slurry contains no more than seven ingredients.
Method for Determining Volume Weighted Mean Encapsulate Size
Encapsulate size is measured using an Accusizer 780A, made by Particle Sizing Systems, Santa Barbara Calif. The instrument is calibrated from 0 to 300 μm using Duke particle size standards. Samples for encapsulate size evaluation are prepared by diluting about 1 g emulsion, if the volume weighted mean encapsulate size of the emulsion is to be determined, or 1 g of capsule slurry, if the finished capsule volume weighted mean encapsulate size is to be determined, in about 5 g of de-ionized water and further diluting about 1 g of this solution in about 25 g of water.
About 1 g of the most dilute sample is added to the Accusizer and the testing initiated, using the autodilution feature. The Accusizer should be reading in excess of 9200 counts/second. If the counts are less than 9200 additional sample should be added. The accusizer will dilute the test sample until 9200 counts/second and initiate the evaluation. After 2 minutes of testing the Accusizer will display the results, including volume-weighted median size.
The broadness index can be calculated by determining the encapsulate size at which 95% of the cumulative encapsulate volume is exceeded (95% size), the encapsulate size at which 5% of the cumulative encapsulate volume is exceeded (5% size), and the median volume-weighted encapsulate size (50% size-50% of the encapsulate volume both above and below this size). Broadness Index (5)=((95% size)-(5% size)/50% size).
Method for Determining Number of Particles (“AN212 Method”)
The following method (“AN212 Method”) is used to determine the amount of particles of a certain minimum size per gram of a composition sample. The particles counted may be aggregates or any other particles found in the composition. In sum, a sample is weighed and dispensed onto a 212 micron sieve; the particles remaining on the sieve are counted.
Sample Preparation:
When working with an encapsulate slurry composition, the slurry is filtered prior to using the method below. To filter the slurry, homogenize the slurry sample by gentle shaking or mixing. The homogenized sample is then filtered through a 425 micron sieve (available from VWR; catalog #57334-274) prior to use with the method.
Cleaning the Sieve(s):
Clean/rinse the sieve(s) thoroughly with tap water by adding a hose to the tap and squeezing the hose at the end to generate a strong jet. The sieve is first cleaned in an upside-down position, so that any aggregates that remain do not get pushed through the mesh. After the first portion of washing when the sieve is in an upside-down position, the sieve is flipped several times during the cleaning/rinsing process. Dry the sieve first with a towel or with paper, and then dry the mesh with pressurized air.
Test Method:
1. Clean and dry a 212 micron sieve (available from VWF; catalog #57334-282) according to the above instructions. Record the weight of the sieve.
2. Using a syringe, place a sample weighing about 20 g of the encapsulate-containing composition onto the sieve; the composition is spread in a line over the sieve. Record the weight of the sieve+composition and determine the amount of composition sample added by subtracting the weight of the sieve.
3. Tap the sieve lightly to allow the composition to flow through the sieve. Light air or nitrogen may be blown over the sample to help alleviate air bubbles trapped on the sieve.
4. After the composition sample has passed through the sieve, count the number of particles remaining on the sieve. (Take care to count the particles, as distinguished from air bubbles; additional air/nitrogen can be used if there is a question.) Record the number of encapsulates. Repeat counting three times.
5. Repeat steps 1-4 at less three more times, so that a total of at least four composition samples have been tested.
6. For each sample, divide the average number of particles counted by sample weight used to get particle number per gram of sample.
7. Average the particle numbers per gram of sample to provide the final particle number per gram composition value.
8. Clean the sieve(s) immediately after use.
Method for Determining Encapsulate Size Distribution
The average size of encapsulates, aggregates, and other particles are determined by the measuring capabilities of a Lasentec FBRM Encapsulate Size and Distribution Analyzer, model PI-14/206 (Mettler Toledo, Columbus, Ohio). Focused Beam Reflectance Measurement (FBRM) technology is a probe-based instrument that is inserted directly into processes to track changing encapsulate size and count in real time at full process concentrations. Encapsulates, encapsulate structures (such as aggregates) and droplets are monitored continuously, as experimental conditions vary, providing the evidence required delivering consistent encapsulates with the required attributes. The software and instrument is set up as follows for data gathering and analysis.
Software Version and Instrument Setting:
The corresponding software and data analysis package are version 6.0, build 16.
Blank Measuring:
In “Meas. Config” mode, press the “Measure” button. Rinse the probe with DI water to remove any background debris. After rinsing, measure a DI water sample and ensure the encapsulate counts are <150 per channel (most will be 0).
Sample Measuring:
After measuring the blank, the samples are ready to be measured. Remove the DI water sample and dry the probe with a clean paper towel. Prepare your sample by weighing 75 g into an appropriate container and placing under the probe. Turn on the impeller and set to 400 RPM.
After 30 seconds of equilibration time, note all the encapsulate counts for every channel. To switch to next sample, turn off impeller and remove previous sample. Fill small container with warm water and place under probe and turn on impeller to clean the probe. Remove the warm water and rinse with DI water and dry probe with a clean paper towel. The next sample is taken by repeating the instructions above.
An encapsulate slurry may be prepared according to the following procedure.
An oil solution, consisting of 150 g Fragrance Oil, 0.6 g DuPont Vazo-52, and 0.4 g DuPont Vazo-67, is added to a 35° C. temperature controlled steel jacketed reactor, with mixing at 1000 rpm (4 tip, 2″ diameter, flat mill blade) and a nitrogen blanket applied at 100 cc/min. The oil solution is heated to 75° C. in 45 minutes, held at 75° C. for 45 minutes, and cooled to 60° C. in 75 minutes.
A second oil solution, consisting of 37.5 g Fragrance Oil, 0.5 g tertiarybutylaminoethyl methacrylate, 0.4 g 2-carboxyethyl acrylate, and 19.5 g Sartomer CN975 (hexafunctional aromatic urethane-acrylate oligomer) is added when the first oil solution reached 60° C. The combined oils are held at 60° C. for an additional 10 minutes.
Mixing is stopped and a water solution, consisting of 112 g 5% Celvol 540 polyvinyl alcohol, 200 g water, 1.1 g 20% NaOH, and 1.17 g DuPont Vazo-68WSP, is added to the bottom of the oil solution, using a funnel.
Mixing is again started, at 2500 rpm, for 60 minutes to emulsify the oil phase into the water solution. After milling is completed, mixing is continued with a 3″ propeller at 350 rpm. The batch is held at 60° C. for 45 minutes, the temperature is increased to 75° C. in 30 minutes, held at 75° C. for 4 hours, heated to 90° C. in 30 minutes and held at 90° C. for 8 hours. The batch is then allowed to cool to room temperature.
The resulting encapsulates in the slurry have a median encapsulate size of about 5-20 microns. The encapsulates comprise about 10%, by weight of the encapsulates, of wall material, and about 90%, by weight of the encapsulates, of core material.
The slurry is modified with a cross-linking inhibitor, which may be mixed into the slurry after the slurry has cooled down to room temperature. For example, a sufficient amount of sorbitol or glycerol, may be added to the batch to result in a modified slurry that comprises about 0.75%, or about 1%, or about 1.5%, or about 2% of sorbitol, by weight of the modified slurry.
A base encapsulate slurry, obtainable from Encapsys (Appleton, Wis.), is provided. The base slurry includes encapsulates that have an acrylamide-based shell surrounding a core. The core includes perfume raw materials. The shell includes polyvinyl alcohol that remains from the encapsulate-making process. The base slurry includes approximately 45%, by weight of the slurry, of encapsulates. The base slurry includes about 21%, by weight of the slurry, of total perfume (including encapsulated perfume). The base slurry includes a total of about 1% of polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH).
The base slurry is modified by adding a cross-linking inhibitor, such as D-Sorbitol (Sigma Life Science Company; >98% purity). The composition is stirred for several minutes with a spatula to form a modified encapsulate slurry.
A base detergent having the following formula is provided.
About 1.6 parts of an encapsulate slurry is added to the base detergent, and about 2 parts of a structurant premix comprising hydrogenated castor oil is added as a final ingredient. The composition is mixed with an overhead mixer to form a finished detergent product.
A series of encapsulate slurries were provided and/or made according to Example 2, having the modifications listed in Table 2. The slurries were added to base detergents to form finished detergent products according to Example 3. The average number of aggregates for each trial was determined according to the Method for Determining Number of Aggregates described above. The results are shown in Table 2. Having an average aggregate number of five or fewer per gram of finished product is considered a “pass” and consumer-acceptable.
As shown in Table 2, using a modified slurry according to the present disclosure results in a borate-containing finished product with significantly less aggregation.
A series of encapsulate slurries were provided and/or made according to Example 2, having the modifications listed in Table 3. The encapsulate populations have a median encapsulate size of about 5-20 microns.
The slurries were added to base detergents to form finished detergent products according to Example 3. The number of small particles (e.g., particles having an encapsulate size of from 1 micron to 86 microns) and large particles (e.g., aggregates having an encapsulate size of from 100 microns to 1000 microns) in the finished product for each trial is shown below in Table 3.
The comparative Encapsulate A of trial 2 includes a shell comprising melamine-formaldehyde, a polyvinyl formamide coating, and no PVOH. Encapsulate B of trials 3-6 includes an acrylate-based shell, which also includes residual amounts of PVOH.
As can be seen from the results shown in Table 3, the finished product having no encapsulates (Trial 1) has relatively few particles of any size, and those present are likely the result of interactions of other components. The finished product having comparative Encapsulate A (Trial 2) has a large number of smaller particles and few large particles, indicating that aggregation is minimal and that do not appear to be required.
However, aggregation becomes more of an issue for borate-containing finished products that include Encapsulate B, which includes PVOH. When the slurry is not modified (Trial 3), the finished product has a large number of large particles (i.e., aggregates of encapsulates). (Note, too, that the number of small particles in this trial is lower than in Trials 3-6, presumably because they are aggregated into the large particles.) However, when the slurry is modified with a cross-linking inhibitor (sorbitol), the number of large particles is relatively reduced, and the number of small particles present increases.
A series of encapsulate slurries were provided and/or made according to Example 2, having the modifications listed in Table 4. The slurries were added to base detergents to form finished detergent products according to Example 3. The number of small particles (e.g., particles having a particle size of from 1 micron to 86 microns) and large particles (e.g., particles having a particles size of from 100 microns to 1000 microns) in the finished product for each trial is shown below in Table 4.
The comparative Encapsulate A of trial 2 includes a shell comprising melamine-formaldehyde, a polyvinyl formamide coating, and no PVOH. Encapsulate B of trials 3-6 includes an acrylate-based shell, which also includes residual amounts of PVOH.
As shown in Table 4, Trials 2-5 each contain cross-linking inhibitors that contain three carbon atoms and one or more hydroxyl groups. As can be seen from Table 4, adding a cross-linking inhibitor having even one hydroxyl group to an encapsulate can provide anti-aggregation benefits in a borate-containing finished product (see Trial 2 vs. Trial 1). Trials 3-5 show that increasing the number of hydroxyl groups can provide even more benefits, with glycerol showing the greatest benefit (as indicated by the fewest number of large particles) of the three-carbon compounds. Trial 6 shows that sorbitol, with even more hydroxyl groups than glycerol, provides the greatest level of anti-aggregation benefits of the compounds tested in Example 6.
A series of encapsulate slurries were provided and/or made according to Example 1, having the modifications listed in Table 5. The percent levels of the cross-linking inhibitor vary because they were selected to provide an approximately 1:1 molar ratio of cross-linking inhibitor to PVOH binding sites (i.e., —OH groups), assuming the presence of 1.2 wt % PVOH in the unmodified slurry.
The modified slurries were added to base detergents to form finished detergent products according to Example 2. The detergent products were examined under 20× magnification. The results are shown in
A series of encapsulate slurries are provided and/or made according to Example 2, having the modifications listed in Table 6. The slurries are added to base detergents to form finished detergent products according to Example 3. The finished detergent products are visually assessed for aggregation. If the degree of aggregation is unacceptable, it is marked as a “fail”; if the degree of aggregation is deemed acceptable, it is marked as a “pass.”
1 N-(3-(C12/14-oxy)-2-hydroxy-propyl-N-Methyl
2 N-ethyl-N-Octylglucamine
3 Chitosan with MW of 150,000 and DDA of 80% and/or Chitosan with MW of 50,000 and DDA of 90%.
A series of encapsulate slurries were made according to Example 1, having the modifications listed in Table 7. The slurries were added to base detergents to form finished detergent products according to Example 2, with the following variations in mixing method.
The modified slurries were mixed into the base detergent using industry-relevant static mixers having different flow rates. Typically, the higher the flow rate, the greater the mixing energy. mixing methods. The first static mixer had a flow rate of about 225 grams per minute (gpm). The second static mixer had a flow rate of about 600 gram per minute (gpm). After mixing, the number of large encapsulates in the finished product was determined according to the method described herein. The results are shown in Table 7.
As can be seen from the results in Table 7, the greater the flow rate, the fewer large encapsulates are present in the final product. Additionally, as the level of cross-linking inhibitor in the modified slurry increases, the number of large encapsulates present in the final product tends to decrease.
Exemplary, non-limiting formulations of heavy duty liquid (HDL) detergent formulations according to the present disclosure are provided below in Table 8.
The dimensions and values disclosed herein are not to be understood as being strictly limited to the exact numerical values recited. Instead, unless otherwise specified, each such dimension is intended to mean both the recited value and a functionally equivalent range surrounding that value. For example, a dimension disclosed as “40 mm” is intended to mean “about 40 mm.”
Every document cited herein, including any cross referenced or related patent or application and any patent application or patent to which this application claims priority or benefit thereof, is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety unless expressly excluded or otherwise limited. The citation of any document is not an admission that it is prior art with respect to any invention disclosed or claimed herein or that it alone, or in any combination with any other reference or references, teaches, suggests or discloses any such invention. Further, to the extent that any meaning or definition of a term in this document conflicts with any meaning or definition of the same term in a document incorporated by reference, the meaning or definition assigned to that term in this document shall govern.
While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of this invention.
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