Patent Application
20230190674
The present disclosure relates to a pharmaceutical composition for reducing localized fat, specifically, relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising drug-containing micelles and resveratrol encapsulated in the micelles, and the pharmaceutical composition is for localized fat reduction.
In recent years, more and more people have changed their views of beauty and raised their standards of individual health and body shape. As a result, people are not only concerned about weight loss, but focus more on reducing localized fat or contouring body shape in order to be healthier and achieve better body shape. Furthermore, common weight loss regimens, whether it is through diet or exercise, cannot reduce fat at a specific location. Currently, if wanting to reduce localized fat at specific locations (such as the waist, abdomen, legs, arms, chin, and face, etc.), the only available technology is liposuction.
At present, liposuction is the most prevalent technology to reduce localized fat. However, the procedure of liposuction causes severe damages to the nerves, blood vessels, and other tissues. Liposuction also comes with risks of infections, severe bleeding, prolonged anesthesia, and unpredictable life-threatening conditions such as fat embolism and allergic reactions to anesthesia. In addition, it is common to experience significant bruising and swelling, severe pain, and post-operational recovery can take as long as 3 to 6 months, and the liposuction site may become uneven. Therefore, statistical analyses revealed that even though many people have considered liposuction to improve the accumulation of localized subcutaneous fat or body curves, less than 40 percent of them actually went through liposuction. It shows that the customers who want to improve body curves or reduce localized fat are deterred from the problems of side effects of liposuction, pain after liposuction, or risks of liposuction.
Although some non-surgical localized fat-reducing pharmaceutical compositions or equipment can partially lower the side effects, they are usually not effective and come with other side effects, such as necrosis of surrounding normal cells, inflammation of surrounding tissues, and sharp pain. Additionally, their administration sites are limited. Therefore, the market is eagerly demanding for an effective localized fat-reducing pharmaceutical composition that has less side effects, a better safety profile, and a shorter recovery period.
In case of the customers and doctors have significant high demand, the pressing concern is to develop a localized fat-reducing pharmaceutical composition that breaks through the limits of current technologies.
In view of the deficiency of prior art, the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition for reducing localized fat. The pharmaceutical composition comprises drug-containing micelles made of surfactants, and resveratrol encapsulated in said drug-containing micelles. The pharmaceutical composition for reducing localized fat can reduce fat at the administration site, and has the advantages of high stability, high fat tissue bioavailability, few side effects, and sustained release.
The present disclosure can promote apoptosis of the adipocytes at the administration site, thereby achieving the goal of localized fat reduction at the administration site. The present disclosure dramatically solves the problems of prior arts, including adverse reactions and side effects such as necrosis of the surrounding cells and inflammation reactions, and its efficacy on localized fat reduction is significantly superior to other non-surgical pharmaceutical compositions for localized fat reduction. The present disclosure is suitable for administration at sites requiring subcutaneous fat reduction by direct injection, subcutaneous implantation, implanted infusion, or skin absorption ways, e.g., cream or patch application, without the need for surgery or the help with equipment. In some embodiments, it is subcutaneously injected into the localized subcutaneous fat layer at the administration site. In some embodiments, the formulations for injection of the pharmaceutical composition in the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, powder for injection, or powder for solution for injection. The “localized fat” in the present disclosure includes but is not limited to the waist, abdomen, legs, arms, chin, and face, etc.
In the present disclosure, the term “resveratrol” refers to resveratrol extracted from natural plants or commercially available resveratrol. In some examples, the purity of resveratrol is 90% to 100%.
In the present disclosure, the term “green tea extract” refers to green tea ingredient mixture extracted by any solvent with any extraction method, commercially available green tea extract, any mixture with at least 45% (wt%) of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), or commercially available epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG).
In the present disclosure, the term “micelle” refers to a microstructure formed by surfactants, wherein each of the surfactants has a hydrophilic end and a hydrophobic (lipophilic) end, and the surfactants are arranged in a way that the hydrophilic ends face outward and the hydrophobic (lipophilic) ends face inward to form the microstructure. In some embodiments, the microstructure is a spherical structure, a spherical-like structure, or other microstructural structures.
In the present disclosure, the term “drug-containing micelles” refer to micelles containing resveratrol; that is, the term “drug-containing micelles” refer to micelles encapsulating or containing resveratrol.
In the present disclosure, the term “second lipophilic drug-containing micelles” refer to micelles containing any lipophilic drugs expect resveratrol. That is, the term “second lipophilic drug-containing micelles” refer to micelles encapsulating or containing other lipophilic drugs.
Wherein, the term “other lipophilic drugs” refer to at least one of curcumin, quercetin, puerarin, and other lipophilic drugs except resveratrol, or combination thereof; or, the term “other lipophilic drugs” refer to lipophilic drugs other than resveratrol.
In the present disclosure, the term “hydrophilic drugs” refer to at least one of green tea extract, epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin, gallocatechin gallate, gallocatechin, catechin gallate, catechin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), caffeine, carnitine, L-carnitine, synephrine, chlorogenic acid, and other hydrophilic drugs, or combination thereof.
In the present disclosure, the term “state without precipitation”, as used herein, refers to a state wherein no precipitation can be observed with the naked eye, that is, without the need by the assistance of artificial instruments.
In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition for reducing localized fat, comprising: drug-containing micelles, wherein the drug-containing micelles are evenly distributed in said pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous solution; and resveratrol encapsulated in said drug-containing micelles.
In one embodiment, the drug-containing micelle is a microstructure formed by a pharmaceutically acceptable surfactant, and the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance value (HLB value) of the surfactant is greater than 10.
In some embodiments, the diameter of the drug-containing micelles is 3~250 nm. In some examples, the diameter of the drug-containing micelles is 5~50 nm.
In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous solution, and the drug-containing micelles are evenly distributed in said pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous solution. The pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous solution is water for injection, an aqueous solution for injection, or normal saline.
In some embodiments, the surfactant is a non-ionic surfactant. In some examples, the non-ionic surfactant is at least one of polysorbate 80 (TWEEN® 80), polyoxyl 15 hydroxystearate (Solutol® HS 15), polyoxyethylene castor oil derivatives, and other non-ionic surfactants, or combination thereof. In some instances, the polyoxyethylene castor oil derivative comprises polyoxyl 35 castor oil (Kolliphor® ELP, also known as Cremophor® ELP), polyoxyl 40 hydrogenated castor oil (Cremophor® RH 40), and other polyoxyethylene castor oil derivatives, or combination thereof.
In some embodiments, the weight ratio of resveratrol to the surfactant is 1:4 to 1:500. For example, the weight ratio of resveratrol to the surfactant is 1:5 to 1:200. In some specific examples, the weight ratio of resveratrol to the surfactant is 1:8 to 1:80.
In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition maintains at a state without precipitation for at least 24 hours when it is subjected to accelerated stability test at 25° C. ±2° C., relative humidity 60% ± 5%, and in the absence of direct light. In some examples, the pharmaceutical composition maintains at a state without precipitation for at least 6 months when it is subjected to accelerated stability test at 25° C. ±2° C., relative humidity 60% ± 5%, and in the absence of direct light.
In some embodiments, the concentration of resveratrol in the pharmaceutical composition is 0.2 ~ 166.7 mg/mL. For example, the concentration of resveratrol in the pharmaceutical composition is 2.5 ~ 60 mg/mL.
In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition further comprises green tea extract, and the green tea extract is dissolved in the pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous solution. In some instances, the green tea extract may comprise epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). In some instances, the concentration of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in the pharmaceutical composition is 0.25 ~300 mg/mL. In some examples, the concentration of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in the pharmaceutical composition is 1~200 mg/ mL. In some examples, the content of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is 45 ~ 100% by weight (wt%), based on 100% by weight of the total green tea extract.
In some embodiments, the weight ratio of the resveratrol to the green tea extract is 30:1 to 1:30. In some examples, the weight ratio of the resveratrol to the green tea extract is 20:1 to 1:20. In one example, the weight ratio of the resveratrol to the green tea extract is 10:1 to 1:10.
In some embodiments, the amount of the surfactant is 0.24 ~ 70 parts by weight, based on 1 part by weight of the total amount of resveratrol and green tea extract. Alternatively, the weight ratio of the total weight of the resveratrol and the green tea extract to the surfactant is 4:1 to 1:70.
In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous solution and lipophilic drug-containing micelles, which may be evenly distributed in the pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous solution.
In some examples, the lipophilic drug-containing micelles have microstructures formed by a surfactant, and a lipophilic drug is encapsulated in the lipophilic drug-containing micelle.
In some examples, the pharmaceutical composition may further comprise other lipophilic drug-containing micelles having microstructures formed by a second surfactant (which may be the same as or different from that used in the resveratrol-containing micelles), and the lipophilic drug encapsulated in the other lipophilic drug-containing micelles is not resveratrol. The hydrophilic-lipophilic balance value (HLB value) of the second surfactant is greater than 10. For example, the second surfactant is a non-ionic surfactant. In specific examples, the non-ionic surfactant may comprise polysorbate 80 (TWEEN® 80), polyoxyl 15 hydroxystearate (Solutol® HS 15), polyoxyethylene castor oil derivatives, and other non-ionic surfactants, or a combination thereof.
In some instances, the polyoxyethylene castor oil derivative comprises polyoxyl 35 castor oil (Kolliphor® ELP, also known as Cremophor® ELP), polyoxyl 40 hydrogenated castor oil (Cremophor® RH 40), other polyoxyethylene castor oil derivatives, or a combination thereof.
In some embodiments, the lipophilic drug may comprise quercetin, synephrine, puerarin, curcumin, and other lipophilic drugs except resveratrol, or a combination thereof.
In some embodiments, the weight ratio of the resveratrol to the lipophilic drug is 30:1~1:20. For example, the weight ratio of the resveratrol to the second lipophilic drug is 20:1~1:15. In specific examples, the weight ratio of the resveratrol to the second lipophilic drug is 15:1~1:10.
In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein may further comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous solution and a hydrophilic drug. In some examples, the hydrophilic drug may comprise green tea extract, epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin, gallocatechin gallate, gallocatechin, catechin gallate, catechin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), caffeine, carnitine, L-carnitine, synephrine, chlorogenic acid, and other hydrophilic drugs, or a combination thereof.
In some instances, the weight ratio of the resveratrol to the hydrophilic drug is 20:1 ~ 1:30. For example, the weight ratio of the resveratrol to the hydrophilic drug is 15:1 ~ 1:20. In specific examples,the weight ratio of the resveratrol to the hydrophilic drug is 10:1 ~ 1:15.
In some examples, the hydrophilic drug comprises gallocatechin gallate, and the concentration of gallocatechin gallate in the pharmaceutical composition is 0.25~ 300 mg/mL. In one example, the hydrophilic drug comprises gallocatechin gallate, and the concentration of gallocatechin gallate in the pharmaceutical composition is 1~ 200 mg/mL.
In some examples, the hydrophilic drugs comprises green tea extract, and the weight ratio of the resveratrol to the green tea extract is 30:1 to 1:30. In one example, the hydrophilic drugs comprises green tea extract, and the weight ratio of the resveratrol to the green tea extract is 20:1 to 1:20. In one specific example, the hydrophilic drugs comprises green tea extract, and the weight ratio of the resveratrol to the green tea extract is 10:1 to 1:10.
In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein further comprises a cosolvent to enhance the solubility of the drug. In some examples, the cosolvent comprises polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, ethanol, and other cosolvent, or a combination thereof. Exemplary polyethylene glycol includes PEG 200, PEG 400, PEG 600, and other polyethylene glycol molecules, or a combination thereof.
In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein further comprises a suspending agent to decrease the sedimentation rate of the drug or micelles. Exemplary suspending agents include, but are not limited to, sodium alginate, glycerol, carboxymethylcellulose sodium, mannitol, and other suspending agent, or a combination thereof.
In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein further comprises an oil phase excipient to enhance the stability of the pharmaceutical composition and the solubility of the drug. In some examples, the oil phase excipient may include unsaturated fatty acid, glycerol, triglyceride, and other oil phase excipient, or a combination thereof. In some examples, the unsaturated fatty acid may comprise oleic acid, castor oil, sesame oil, cottonseed oil, soybean oil, safflower oil, corn oil, and other unsaturated fatty acid, or a combination thereof. In some examples, the triglyceride may comprise medium chain triglycerides and other triglyceride, or a combination thereof.
In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous solution as disclosed herein may comprise a local anesthetic. Examples include amides, para-aminobenzoic acid esters, and amino ethers, or a combination thereof. In some examples, the local anesthetic comprises amides, which may be dibucaine, lidocaine, mepivacaine HCl, bupivacine HCl, pyrrocaine HCl, prilocaine HCl, digammacaine, and oxethazaine, or a combination thereof. In some examples, the local anethetic comprises para-aminobenzoic acid esters, which may include butacaine, dimethocaine, and tutocaine, or a combination thereof. In some examples, the local anesthetic may compriseamino ethers, which may be quinisocaine, pramocaine, or a combination thereof.
In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous solution as disclosed herein comprises an antioxidant. Examples include beta-carotene, lutein, lycopene, bilirubin, vitamin A, vitamin C (ascorbic acid), vitamin E, uric acid, nitric oxide, nitroxide, pyruvate, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidases, N-acetyl cysteine, naringenin, or a combination thereof.
In other aspects, the present disclosure provides a formulation for subcutaneous fat layer injection or a formulation for subcutaneous injection for reducing the amount of localized subcutaneous fat, the formulation comprising:
The drug-containing micelle is a microstructure formed by a pharmaceutically acceptable surfactant, and the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance value (HLB value) of the pharmaceutically acceptable surfactant is greater than 10. Such a formulation may reduce the amount of subcutaneous fat at the administration site.
In some embodiments, the diameter of the drug-containing micelles is 3 ~250 nm. In some examples, the diameter of the drug-containing micelles is 5~50 nm.
In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous solution is water for injection, aqueous solutions for injection, or normal saline.
In some embodiments, the surfactant is a non-ionic surfactant. Examples include polysorbate 80 (TWEEN® 80), polyoxyl 15 hydroxystearate (Solutol® HS 15), polyoxyethylene castor oil derivatives, and other non-ionic surfactants, or a combination thereof. In some examples, the surfactant comprises polyoxyethylene castor oil derivatives, which may be polyoxyl 35 castor oil (Kolliphor® ELP,also known as Cremophor® ELP), polyoxyl 40 hydrogenated castor oil (Cremophor® RH 40), other polyoxyethylene castor oil derivatives, or a combination thereof.
In some embodiments, the weight ratio of resveratrol to the surfactant is 1:4 to 1:500. In some examples, the weight ratio of resveratrol to the surfactant is 1:5 to 1:200. In specific examples, the weight ratio of resveratrol to the surfactant is 1:8 to 1:80.
In some embodiments, the concentration of resveratrol in the formulation for subcutaneous fat layer injection or the formulation for subcutaneous injection is 0.2 ~ 166.7 mg/mL. In some examples, the concentration of resveratrol in the formulation for subcutaneous fat layer injection or the formulation for subcutaneous injection is 2.5 ~ 60 mg/mL.
In some embodiments, the formulation for subcutaneous fat layer injection or the formulation for subcutaneous injection further comprises green tea extract, and the green tea extract is dissolved in the pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous solution. In some instances, the green tea extract comprises:
epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). In some examples, the concentration of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in the formulation for subcutaneous fat layer injection or the formulation for subcutaneous injection is 0.25 ~ 300 mg/mL. For example, the concentration of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in the formulation for subcutaneous fat layer injection or the formulation for subcutaneous injection is 1 ~ 200 mg/mL. In some instances, the content of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is 45 ~ 100% by weight (wt%) based on 100% by weight of the total green tea extract. In one example, the weight ratio of the resveratrol to the green tea extract is 30:1 to 1:30. In another example, the weight ratio of the resveratrol to the green tea extract is 20:1 to 1:20. In some specific examples, the weight ratio of the resveratrol to the green tea extract is 10:1 to 1:10.
In some embodiments, the amount of the surfactant is 0.24 ~ 70 parts by weight, based on 1 part by weight of the total amount of resveratrol and green tea extract; or, the weight ratio of the total weight of the resveratrol and the green tea extract to the surfactant is 4:1 to 1:70.
In some embodiments, the administered dosage be injected at the administration site is 0.2 ~ 20 mg/cm2. In some examples, the administered dosage be injected at the administration site is 0.4 ~ 12 mg/cm2. In one example, the administered dosage is 0.2 ~ 40 mg/kg at the administration site.
In another example the administered dosage is 0.4 ~ 20 mg/kg at the administration site.
In some embodiments, the dosing frequency is 1 to 12 times every other day to every 30 days. For example, the dosing frequency can be 1 to 8 times every other day to every 21 days.
In some embodiments, the formulation for subcutaneous fat layer injection or a formulation for subcutaneous injection further comprises lipophilic drug-containing micelles, which may be evenly distributed in the pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous solution. In some examples, the lipophilic drug-containing micelles have microstructures formed by a surfactant, and the lipophilic drug is encapsulated in the lipophilic drug-containing micelles. In some examples, the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance value (HLB value) of the surfactant is greater than 10. Such a surfactant can be a non-ionic surfactant. Exemplary non-ionic surfactant includes polysorbate 80 (TWEEN® 80), polyoxyl 15 hydroxystearate (Solutol® HS 15), polyoxyethylene castor oil derivatives, other non-ionic surfactants, or a combination thereof. In some examples, the surfactant comprises polyoxyethylene castor oil derivatives, which may be polyoxyl 35 castor oil (Kolliphor® ELP,also known as Cremophor® ELP), polyoxyl 40 hydrogenated castor oil (Cremophor® RH 40), other polyoxyethylene castor oil derivatives, or a combination thereof.
In some instances, the lipophilic drug may comprise curcumin, quercetin, puerarin, and other lipophilic drugs except resveratrol, or a combination thereof.
In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous solution as disclosed herein further comprises a hydrophilic drug. Examples include green tea extract, epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin, gallocatechin gallate, gallocatechin, catechin gallate, catechin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), caffeine, carnitine, L-carnitine, synephrine, chlorogenic acid, other hydrophilic drugs, or a combination thereof.
In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous solution as disclosed herein comprises a local anesthetic. Examples include amides, para-aminobenzoic acid esters, amino ethers, or a combination thereof. In some examples, the local anesthetic comprises amides, which may be dibucaine, lidocaine, mepivacaine HCl, bupivacine HCl, pyrrocaine HCl, prilocaine HCl, digammacaine, oxethazaine, or a combination thereof. In some examples, the local anesthetic comprises para-aminobenzoic acid esters, which may be butacaine, dimethocaine, tutocaine, or a combination thereof. In some examples, the local anesthetic comprisesamino ethers, which may be quinisocaine,pramocaine, or a combination thereof.
In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous solution as disclosed herein comprises an antioxidant. Examples include beta-carotene, lutein, lycopene, bilirubin, vitamin A, vitamin C (ascorbic acid), vitamin E, uric acid, nitric oxide, nitroxide, pyruvate, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidases, N-acetyl cysteine, naringenin, or a combination thereof.
Further, the present disclosure provides a method for reducing the amount of localized subcutaneous fat of a subject, comprising a step of administering a pharmaceutical composition to the local site of the subject. The pharmaceutical composition comprises: drug-containing micelles; and resveratrol encapsulated in said drug-containing micelles.
The drug-containing micelle has a microstructure formed by a pharmaceutically acceptable surfactant, and the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance value (HLB value) of the surfactant is greater than 10.
In some embodiments, the diameter of the drug-containing micelles is 3~250 nm. In some examples, the diameter of the drug-containing micelles is 5~50 nm.
In some embodiments, the surfactant is a non-ionic surfactant. Examples include polysorbate 80 (TWEEN® 80), polyoxyl 15 hydroxystearate (Solutol® HS 15), polyoxyethylene castor oil derivatives, other non-ionic surfactants, or a combination thereof. In some examples, the surfactant comprises polyoxyethylene castor oil derivatives, which may be polyoxyl 35 castor oil (Kolliphor® ELP,also known as Cremophor® ELP), polyoxyl 40 hydrogenated castor oil (Cremophor® RH 40), other polyoxyethylene castor oil derivatives, or a combination thereof.
In some embodiments, the weight ratio of resveratrol to the surfactant is 1:4 to 1:500. In some examples, the weight ratio of resveratrol to the surfactant is 1:5 to 1:200. In other examples, the weight ratio of resveratrol to the surfactant is 1:8 to 1:80.
In some embodiments, the concentration of resveratrol in the pharmaceutical composition is 0.2~ 166.7 mg/mL. In some examples, the concentration of resveratrol in the pharmaceutical composition is 2.5~ 60 mg/mL.
In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous solution and lipophilic drug-containing micelles, which may be evenly distributed in the pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous solution. The lipophilic drug-containing micelles have microstructures formed by a non-ionic surfactant, and a lipophilic drug (which is not resveratrol) is encapsulated in the lipophilic drug-containing micelles.
In some embodiments, the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance value (HLB value) of the non-ionic surfactant is greater than 10. Examples include polysorbate 80 (TWEEN® 80), polyoxyl 15 hydroxystearate (Solutol® HS 15), polyoxyethylene castor oil derivatives, other non-ionic surfactants, or a combination thereof. In some examples, the non-ionic surfactant comprises polyoxyl 35 castor oil (Kolliphor® ELP,also known as Cremophor® ELP), polyoxyl 40 hydrogenated castor oil (Cremophor® RH 40), other polyoxyethylene castor oil derivatives, or a combination thereof.
In some embodiments, the lipophilic drug comprises quercetin, synephrine, puerarin, curcuminoid, curcumin, other lipophilic drugs except resveratrol, or a combination thereof.
In some embodiments, the weight ratio of resveratrol to the lipophilic drug is 30:1 to 1:20. In some examples, the weight ratio of resveratrol to the lipophilic drug is 20:1 to 1:15. In other examples, the weight ratio of resveratrol to the second lipophilic drug is 15:1 to 1:10.
In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous solution and a hydrophilic drug. Examples include green tea extract, epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin, gallocatechin gallate, gallocatechin, catechin gallate, catechin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), caffeine, carnitine, L-carnitine, synephrine, chlorogenic acid, other hydrophilic drugs, or a combination thereof.
In some embodiments, the weight ratio of resveratrol to the hydrophilic drugs is 20:1 to 1:30. In some examples, the weight ratio of resveratrol to the hydrophilic drugs is 15:1 to 1:20. In other examples, the weight ratio of resveratrol to the hydrophilic drugs is 10:1 to 1:15.
In some examples, the hydrophilic drug is gallocatechin gallate, and the concentration of gallocatechin gallate in the pharmaceutical composition is 0.25~ 300 mg/mL. In specific examples, the hydrophilic drug is gallocatechin gallate, and the concentration of gallocatechin gallate in the pharmaceutical composition is 1~ 200 mg/mL.
In other examples, the hydrophilic drug is green tea extract, and the weight ratio of resveratrol to the green tea extract is 30:1 to 1:30. In some specific examples, the hydrophilic drug is green tea extract, and the weight ratio of resveratrol to the green tea extract is 20:1 to 1:20. In other specific examples, the hydrophilic drug is green tea extract, and the weight ratio of resveratrol to the green tea extract is 10:1 to 1:10.
In some embodiments, the amount of the surfactant is 0.24 ~ 70 parts by weight, based on 1 part by weight of the total amount of resveratrol and green tea extract. Alternatively,the weight ratio of the total weight of the resveratrol and the green tea extract to the surfactant is 4:1 to 1:70.
In some embodiments, the administered dosage of the pharmaceutical composition to be injected at the local site is 0.2 ~ 20 mg/cm2. In some examples, the administered dosage of the pharmaceutical composition to be injected at the local site is 0.4 ~ 12 mg/cm2. In other examples, the administered dosage of the pharmaceutical composition to be administered at the local site is 0.2 ~ 40 mg/kg. In one example, the administered dosage of the pharmaceutical composition to be administered at the local site is 0.4 ~ 20 mg/kg.
In some embodiments, the dosing frequency of the pharmaceutical composition is 1 to 12 times every other day to every 30 days. In some examples, the dosing frequency of the pharmaceutical composition is 1 to 8 times every other day to every 21 days.
In some embodiments, the subject is an animal or a human.
In some embodiments, the step is to inject or apply the pharmaceutical composition to the local site of the subject.
In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition further comprises at least one of a cosolvent, a suspending agent, and an oil phase excipient, or combination thereof.
In some examples, the microstructure is co-formed by the non-ionic surfactant and the oil phase excipient and/or the cosolvent.
Moreover, the present disclosure provides a use of any of the pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein in preparing a drug or a subcutaneous injection formulation for reducing the amount of localized subcutaneous fat of a subject.
Resveratrol is a polyphenol commonly found in the skin of red grapes, Japanese knotweed, or red wine. Because resveratrol has low solubility in aqueous solutions, it is easily to be rapidly metabolized into glucuronide metabolites and sulfate metabolites in the body, it is rapidly excreted via urine and feces, and it is extremely poor bioavailability, development of resveratrol-based pharmaceutical compositions faces a certain degree of difficulties.
Preparation of a green tea extract solution for subcutaneous injection: a 5 mg/mL green tea extract aqueous solution was prepared with water for injection and green tea extract. The green tea extract aqueous solution was filtered through a 0.2 µm filter to obtain the 5 mg/mL green tea extract solution for subcutaneous injection in the present experiment. The green tea extract solution for subcutaneous injection had to be stored in dark at 4° C.
Preparation of a resveratrol solution for subcutaneous injection: a 5 mg/mL resveratrol solution was prepared with polysorbate 80(TWEEN® 80), which is an excipient commonly used by prior arts for non-hydrophilic drug formulations for injection, ethanol, water for injection, and resveratrol. The detailed preparation method is as follows: 0.5 g of resveratrol was mixed with an appropriate amount of ethanol. After resveratrol was completely dissolved, 0.1 g of polysorbate 80 (TWEEN® 80) was added to dissolve polysorbate 80 (TWEEN® 80) completely; the solution wasvacuum-dried for 2 ~4 hours to volatilize ethanol; once ethanol was completely volatilized, the total volume was adjusted to 100 mL by adding water for injection; the solution was stirred well and filtered through a 0.2 µm filter to obtain the 5 mg/mL resveratrol solution for subcutaneous injection in the present experiment. The resveratrol solution for subcutaneous injection had to be stored in dark at 4° C.
Seven-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were used for the experiment. First, 18 rats were fed with high-fat diet (brand name Research Diets, Inc; catalog number D12492) to induce the accumulation of the subcutaneous fat until each rat weighed 330 ±10 g. The rats were randomly assigned into three groups: a high-fat diet control group, a resveratrol group, and a green tea extract group, with 6 rats in each group such that there was no statistical difference in the body weight between groups. The body weight of each rat was recorded and defined as the “pre-experimental body weight”. Then, drugs were administrated as follows:
The 5 mg/mL resveratrol solution for subcutaneous injection was injected into the lower inguinal subcutaneous fat layer of rats in the resveratrol group. Each injected dosage was 8 mg of resveratrol per kilogram (8 mg/kg) of body weight; that is, 1.6 mL of the aforementioned 5 mg/mL resveratrol solution for subcutaneous injection was injected per kilogram of body weight. The 5 mg/mL green tea extract solution for subcutaneous injection was injected into the lower inguinal subcutaneous fat layer of rats in the green tea extract group. Each injected dosage was 8 mg of green tea extract per kilogram (8 mg/kg) of body weight; that is, 1.6 mL of the aforementioned 5 mg/mL green tea extract solution for subcutaneous injection was injected per kilogram of body weight. Rats in the high-fat diet control group were injected with the same volume of water for injection in the same manner described above.
The aforementioned injection sites were the lower inguinal fat pads of rats. Bilateral injections were performed evenly at the injection sites once a day on day 1, 3, and 5 of the experiment. The rats were fed with high-fat diet during the entire duration of the experiment. Their weight change was recorded daily, and their water and food consumption was recorded weekly. Rats were fasted on day 20 and euthanized by CO2 on day 21.
The body weight of each rat was recorded and defined as its “post-experimental body weight”. The “total body weight change” of each rat was obtained by subtracting its “pre-experimental body weight” from its “post-experimental body weight”. The “relative weight change” was obtained by dividing the total body weight change of each group by the total body weight change of the high-fat diet control group.
The bilateral inguinal fat pads of rats were dissected and weighed, and the amount of the lower inguinal fat of each group was calculated. The data were presented as mean ± SD and analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Statistical analysis results were presented as symbols or letters. Different symbols or letters indicate statistical difference (p<0.05), and identical symbols or letters indicate no statistical difference (p>0.05).
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In
Green tea extract is an ingredient with very high solubility in water, and previous studies have shown that it promotes adipocyte apoptosis in cell-based experiments. However, direct injection of dissolved green tea extract to the subcutaneous fat layer surprisingly can reduce neither the localized subcutaneous fat nor the body weight. This experiment demonstrated that direct injection of dissolved resveratrol or green tea extract to the subcutaneous fat layer cannot reduce the localized fat and body weight. In order to overcome this problem, further studies were conducted to develop the resveratrol-containing pharmaceutical composition in the present disclosure.
Resveratrol normal saline solution, resveratrol PEG solution, and resveratrol ELP solution were prepared as follows:
500 mg of resveratrol was mixed with an appropriate amount of normal saline for injection to make the total volume become 100 mL. The solution was stirred well to completely dissolve resveratrol to obtain the resveratrol normal saline solution. The concentration of resveratrol in said resveratrol normal saline solution was 5 mg/mL.
15 g of polyethylene glycol 400 (abbreviated as PEG 400) and 15 g of glycerol were mixed with an appropriate amount of normal saline for injection to make the total volume become 100 mL. The solution was stirred well to completely dissolve PEG 400 and glycerol to obtain a PEG-glycerol mixture. 450 mg of resveratrol was mixed with an appropriate amount of the PEG-glycerol mixture to make the total volume become 90 mL. The solution was stirred well to completely dissolve resveratrol to obtain the resveratrol PEG solution. The concentration of resveratrol in said resveratrol PEG solution was 5 mg/mL.
500 mg of resveratrol was mixed with 100~160 mL of dichloromethane, and stirred at 150-500 rpm at room temperature until resveratrol dissolved completely. 20 g of polyoxyl 35 castor oil (Kolliphor® ELP,also known as Cremophor® ELP), was added to the solution and stirred well at 100-300 rpm to volatize dichloromethane. Once dichloromethane volatized completely, normal saline for injection was slowly added to make the total volume become 100 mL, and the solution was stirred well to obtain the resveratrol ELP solution. In said resveratrol ELP solution, the concentration of resveratrol was 5 mg/mL, the concentration of ELP was approximately 20% (wt%), and the weight ratio of resveratrol to ELP was 1:40.
Six-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were used for the experiment. First, 20 rats were fed with high-fat diet (Research Diets, Inc.; Cat #D12492) to induce the accumulation of subcutaneous fat. Feeding was continued until each rat weighed 330±10 g, and the rats were randomly assigned into four groups: a control group, a normal saline group, a PEG group, and an ELP group, with 5 rats in each group such that there was no statistical difference in the body weight between groups. The body weight of each rat was recorded and defined as the “pre-experimental body weight”. Then, drugs were administrated as follows:
The resveratrol normal saline solution, the resveratrol PEG solution, and the resveratrol ELP solution were injected to the lower inguinal subcutaneous fat pads of rats in the normal saline group, the PEG group, and the ELP group, respectively. Each injected dosage was 4 mL per kilogram of body weight (4 mL/kg), such that each injected dosage was 20 mg of resveratrol per kilogram of body weight (20 mg/kg; 4 mL/kg x 5 mg/mL = 20 mg/kg). Rats in the control group were injected with the same volume of normal saline in the same manner mentioned above.
The injection sites mentioned above were the lower inguinal fat pads of rats. Bilateral injections were administrated evenly once a day on day 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the experiment. The rats were fed with high-fat diet for the entire duration of the experiment. Their weight changes were recorded daily, and food and water consumption was recorded weekly. The experiment lasted for 14 days, and the rats were euthanized by CO2 on day 15.
The body weight of each rat was recorded and defined as its “post-experimental body weight”. The “total body weight change” of each rat was obtained by subtracting its “pre-experimental body weight” from its “post-experimental body weight”. The “relative weight change” was obtained by dividing the total body weight change of each group by the total body weight change of the control group.
The bilateral lower inguinal subcutaneous fat pads of rats were dissected and weighed, and the weights of the bilateral lower inguinal subcutaneous fat pads were summed to calculate the amount of lower inguinal subcutaneous fat. The amount of lower inguinal subcutaneous fat of each group was divided by the amount of lower inguinal subcutaneous fat of the control group to obtain the “relative weight of lower inguinal subcutaneous fat”.
The data were presented as mean ± SD and analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Statistical results were shown as symbols or letters. Different symbols or letters indicated statistical difference (p<0.05), and identical symbols or letters indicated no statistical difference (p>0.05).
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The above experiments demonstrated that direct injection of resveratrol to the subcutaneous fat layer of the administration site cannot reduce the fat at the administration site (the localized fat), nor can it reduce body weight. Direct injection of the resveratrol composition comprising the excipient PEG (a commonly used cosolvent) to the subcutaneous fat layer of the administration site cannot reduce the fat at the administration site (the localized fat), nor can reduce body weight; but, injection of the resveratrol composition comprising the non-ionic surfactant ELP to the subcutaneous fat layer of the administration site can reduce the fat at the administration site (the localized fat) significantly. Thus, it is necessary to investigate further that whether the resveratrol mixture has to comprise non-ionic surfactants so that the fat at the administration site (the localized fat) and body weight can be reduced.
Further analysis showed that there were no micelles in the aforementioned resveratrol PEG solution, but there were micelles in the resveratrol ELP solution, and resveratrol was encapsulated in the micelles formed by ELP. Thus, it is necessary to further investigate the effect of micelles on reducing localized fat and reducing body weight.
Resveratrol ELP partial micellar formulation, resveratrol HS-15 partial micellar formulation, resveratrol ELP micellar formulation, and resveratrol HS-15 micellar formulation were prepared as follows:
Preparation of the resveratrol ELP partial micellar formulation: 20 g of polyoxyl 35 castor oil (Kolliphor® ELP,also known as Cremophor® ELP) was mixed with an appropriate amount of normal saline for injection to make the total weight become 100 g. The solution was stirred well to completely dissolve polyoxyl 35 castor oil (Kolliphor® ELP,also known as Cremophor® ELP) to obtain a 20% ELP solution. 400 mg of resveratrol was mixed with an appropriate amount of the 20% ELP solution to make the total weight become 80 g. The solution was stirred well to completely dissolve resveratrol to obtain the resveratrol ELP partial micellar formulation. In said resveratrol ELP partial micellar formulation, the concentration of resveratrol was approximately 5 mg/mL, the concentration of ELP was approximately 20% (wt%), and the weight ratio of resveratrol to ELP was approximately 1:40.
Preparation of the resveratrol HS-15 partial micellar formulation: 20 g of polyoxyl 15 hydroxystearate (Kolliphor® HS-15,abbreviated as HS-15) was mixed with an appropriate amount of normal saline for injection to make the total weight become 100 g. The solution was stirred well to completely dissolve HS-15 to obtain a 20% HS-15 solution. 400 mg of resveratrol was mixed with an appropriate amount of the 20% HS-15 solution to make the total weight become 80 g. The solution was stirred well to completely dissolve resveratrol to obtain the resveratrol HS-15 partial micellar formulation, in said resveratrol HS-15 partial micellar formulation, the concentration of resveratrol was approximately 5 mg/mL, the concentration of HS-15 was approximately 20% (wt%), and the weight ratio of resveratrol to HS-15 was approximately 1:40.
Preparation of the resveratrol ELP micellar formulation: it is the same as the preparation method of the resveratrol ELP solution in Example 2.
Preparation of the resveratrol HS-15 micellar formulation: 500 mg of resveratrol was mixed with 80~140 mL of dichloromethane and stirred at 150~500 rpm at room temperature until resveratrol dissolved completely. 20 g of polyoxyl 15 hydroxystearate (Kolliphor® HS-15, abbreviated as HS-15) was added and stirred at 100-300 rpm to volatize dichloromethane. Once dichloromethane volatized completely, normal saline for injection was slowly added to make the total weight become 100 g. The solution was stirred well to form drug-containing micelles to obtain the resveratrol HS-15 micellar formulation. In said resveratrol HS-15 micellar formulation, the concentration of resveratrol was approximately 5 mg/g, the concentration of HS-15 was approximately 20% (wt%), and the weight ratio of resveratrol to HS-15 was approximately 1:40.
The resveratrol ELP partial micellar formulation, the resveratrol HS-15 partial micellar formulation, the resveratrol ELP micellar formulation, and the resveratrol HS-15 micellar formulation were analyzed by a particle size analyzer to determine if micelles were present therein, and determine the diameter of micelles was measured.
The results showed that both the resveratrol ELP partial micellar formulation and the resveratrol HS-15 partial micellar formulation had large quantities of precipitates, and had a lower number of drug-containing micelles. However, the resveratrol ELP micellar formulation and the resveratrol HS-15 micellar formulation were clear without stratification, and had a higher number of drug-containing micelles.
The results indicated that although both of the resveratrol ELP partial micellar formulation and the resveratrol HS-15 partial micellar formulation both had large quantities of precipitates, their supernatant still contained micelles. Therefore, the resveratrol ELP partial micellar formulation, the resveratrol HS-15 partial micellar formulation, the resveratrol ELP micellar formulation, and the resveratrol HS-15 micellar formulation are all pharmaceutical compositions of the present disclosure.
Six-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were used for the experiment. First, 20 rats were fed with high-fat diet (Research Diets, Inc.; Cat #D12492) to induce the accumulation of subcutaneous fat. Feeding was continued until each rat weighed 330±10 g, and the rats were randomly assigned into 5 groups: a control group, an ELP partial micellar group, an HS-15 partial micellar group, an ELP micellar group, and an HS-15 micellar group, with 4 rats in each group such that there was no statistical difference in the body weight between groups. The body weight of each rat was recorded and defined as the “pre-experimental body weight”. Then, drugs were administrated as follows:
The resveratrol ELP partial micellar formulation, the resveratrol HS-15 partial micellar formulation, the resveratrol ELP micellar formulation, and the resveratrol HS-15 micellar formulation were each mixed well (to evenly suspend the precipitates in the partial micellar formulations), and were injected into the lower inguinal subcutaneous fat layer of rats in the ELP partial micellar group, the HS-15 partial micellar group, the ELP micellar group, and the HS-15 micellar group, respectively. Each injected dosage was 4 mL per kilogram of body weight (4 mL/kg), such that each injected dosage was 20 mg of resveratrol per kilogram of body weight (20 mg/kg; the calculation is as follows 4 mL/kg x 5 mg/mL = 20 mg/kg). Rats in the control group were injected with the same volume of normal saline in the same manner mentioned above.
The injection sites mentioned above were the lower inguinal fat pads of rats. Bilateral injections were administrated evenly once a day on day 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 of the experiment. The rats were fed with high-fat diet for the entire duration of the experiment. Their weight changes were recorded daily, and food and water consumption was recorded weekly. The experiment lasted for 14 days, and the rats were euthanized with CO2 on day 15.
The body weight of each rat was recorded and defined as its “post-experimental body weight”. The “total body weight change” of each rat was obtained by subtracting its “pre-experimental body weight” from its “post-experimental body weight”. The “relative weight change” was obtained by dividing the total body weight change of each group by the total body weight change of the control group.
The bilateral lower inguinal subcutaneous fat pads of rats were dissected and weighed, and the weights of the bilateral lower inguinal subcutaneous fat pads were summed to calculate the amount of lower inguinal subcutaneous fat. The amount of lower inguinal subcutaneous fat of each group was divided by the amount of lower inguinal subcutaneous fat of the control group to obtain the “relative weight of lower inguinal subcutaneous fat”.
The data were presented as mean ± SD and analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Statistical results were shown as symbols or letters. Different symbols or letters indicated statistical difference (p<0.05), and identical symbols or letters indicated no statistical difference (p>0.05).
Based on the formulation preparation methods and the result of particle size analyses above, the concentration of ELP and the concentration of resveratrol in the resveratrol ELP partial micellar formulation were identical to those of the resveratrol ELP micellar formulation, only the number of drug-containing micelles differed. Thus, comparing to the resveratrol ELP partial micellar formulation, if the resveratrol ELP micellar formulation can significantly reduce the localized fat at the administration site, this indicates that formation of drug-containing micelles is the critical factor of resveratrol compositions to significantly reduce the localized fat at the administration site; if the resveratrol ELP micellar formulation can significantly reduce the body weight, this indicates that formation of drug-containing micelles is the critical factor of resveratrol compositions to significantly reduce the body weight.
Similarly, the concentration of HS-15 and the concentration of resveratrol in the resveratrol HS-15 partial micellar formulation were identical to those of the resveratrol HS-15 micellar formulation, only the number of drug-containing micelles differed. Thus, comparing to the resveratrol HS-15 partial micellar formulation, if the resveratrol HS-15 micellar formulation can significantly reduce the localized fat at the administration site, this indicates that formation of drug-containing micelles is the critical factor of resveratrol compositions to significantly reduce the localized fat at the administration site; if the resveratrol HS-15 micellar formulation can significantly reduce the body weight, this indicates that formation of drug-containing micelles is the critical factor of resveratrol compositions to significantly reduce the body weight.
The results showed that injection of resveratrol ELP partial micellar formulation or resveratrol HS-15 partial micellar formulation to the subcutaneous fat layer of the administration site can reduce the fat at the administration site (the localized fat). On the other hand, injection of resveratrol ELP micellar formulation or resveratrol HS-15 micellar formulation to the subcutaneous fat layer of the administration site can also reduce the fat at the administration site (the localized fat). Between the four formulations, resveratrol ELP micellar formulation has the best effect on reducing localized fat.
Comparing to the resveratrol ELP partial micellar formulation, the resveratrol ELP micellar formulation can reduce the localized fat significantly. Comparing to resveratrol HS-15 partial micellar formulation, resveratrol HS-15 micellar formulation can reduce the localized fat significantly.
The results indicated that formation of micelles is the critical factor of resveratrol compositions to significantly reduce the localized fat at the administration site, and the drug-containing micelles formed by polyoxyethylene castor oil derivatives (such as ELP) has the best effect on reducing localized fat.
The results showed that injection of resveratrol ELP partial micellar formulation or resveratrol HS-15 partial micellar formulation to the subcutaneous fat layer of the administration site can reduce the body weight. On the other hand, injection of resveratrol ELP micellar formulation or resveratrol HS-15 micellar formulation to the subcutaneous fat layer of the administration site can also reduce the body weight. Between the four formulations, resveratrol ELP micellar formulation has the best effect on reducing body weight.
This experiment indicated that formation of micelles is the critical factor of resveratrol compositions to significantly reduce the body weight, and the drug-containing micelles formed by polyoxyethylene castor oil derivatives (such as ELP) has the best effect on reducing body weight.
This experiment prepared a first pharmaceutical composition with resveratrol, and prepared a second pharmaceutical composition with resveratrol and green tea extract.
Preparation of the first pharmaceutical composition were as follows:
In step (c), the drug-containing micelle is a microstructure formed by the surfactant, and resveratrol is encapsulated in said drug-containing micelle. The third weight may be heavier than or equal to 0 g.
In step (a), the boiling point of the solvent is lower than that of pure water. The solvent can be a hydrophilic solvent. Examples include methanol, ethanol, acetone, other hydrophilic solvents, or a combination thereof.
The solvent in step (a) may be a lipophilic solvent. Examples include ether, benzene, chloroform, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, hexane, other lipophilic solvents, or a combination thereof.
In step (b), the surfactant can be a non-ionic surfactant. Examples include polysorbate 80 (TWEEN® 80), polyoxyl 15 hydroxystearate (Solutol® HS 15), polyoxyethylene castor oil derivatives, and other non-ionic surfactants, or combination thereof. The polyoxyethylene castor oil derivatives may be polyoxyl 35 castor oil (Kolliphor® ELP,also known as Cremophor® ELP), polyoxyl 40 hydrogenated castor oil (Cremophor® RH 40), other polyoxyethylene castor oil derivatives, or a combination thereof.
In steps (a) and (b), the weight ratio of the first weight of resveratrol and the second weight of surfactant can be 1:4 to 1:500.
In steps (a) and (c), the weight ratio of the first weight of resveratrol and the third weight of pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous solution can be 1:400 to 3:50.
In step (c), the pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous solution can be water for injection, aqueous solution for injection, or normal saline.
In step (c), the pharmaceutically acceptable solution may comprise a local anesthetic. Examples includeamides, para-aminobenzoic acid esters, and amino ethers, or combination thereof. In some instances, the amides are at least one of dibucaine, lidocaine, mepivacaine HCl, bupivacine HCl, pyrrocaine HCl, prilocaine HCl, digammacaine, oxethazaine, or a combination thereof. In some instances, the para-aminobenzoic acid esters are at least one of butacaine, dimethocaine, tutocaine, or a combination thereof. In some instances, the amino ethers are at least one of quinisocaine,pramocaine, or a combination thereof.
In step (c), the pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous solution may comprise an antioxidant. Examples include beta-carotene, lutein, lycopene, bilirubin, vitamin A, vitamin C (ascorbic acid), vitamin E, uric acid, nitric oxide, nitroxide, pyruvate, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidases, N-acetyl cysteine, naringenin, or a combination thereof.
Preparation of the second pharmaceutical composition were as follows:
The first pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous solution comprises a seventh weight of green tea extract; the green tea extract comprises a first green tea extract ingredient, and said first green tea extract ingredient is epigallocatechin gallate.
In step (a1), the boiling point of the solvent can be lower than that of pure water.
In step (a1), the solvent can be a hydrophilic solvent. Examples include methanol, ethanol, acetone, other hydrophilic solvents, or a combination thereof.
The solvent in step (a1) can be a lipophilic solvent. Examples include ether, benzene, chloroform, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, hexane, other lipophilic solvents, or a combination thereof.
In step (b1), the surfactant can be a non-ionic surfactant. Examples include polysorbate 80 (TWEEN® 80), polyoxyl 15 hydroxystearate (Solutol® HS 15), polyoxyethylene castor oil derivatives, other non-ionic surfactants, or a combination thereof. In some instances, the polyoxyethylene castor oil derivatives polyoxyl 35 castor oil (Kolliphor® ELP,also known as Cremophor® ELP), polyoxyl 40 hydrogenated castor oil (Cremophor® RH 40), other polyoxyethylene castor oil derivatives, or combination thereof.
Between step (c1) and (d1), the preparation process may further comprisea step of:
(c11) Adding an eighth weight of a second pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous solution and mixing well until the second pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous solution is completely dissolved.
The green tea extract can be dissolved in the first pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous solution, and the drug-containing micelle is a microstructure formed by the surfactant, wherein resveratrol is encapsulated in said drug-containing micelle.
In the green tea extract dissolved in the first pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous solution, the content of epigallocatechin gallate can be 45 ~100% by weight, based on 100% by weight of the total green tea extract.
In steps (a1) and (c1), the weight ratio of the fourth weight of resveratrol and the seventh weight of green tea extract can be 30:1 to 1:30.
In steps (a1) to (c1), the amount of the fifth weight of surfactant can be 0.24 ~ 70 parts by weight, based on 1 part by weight of the total amount of the fourth weight of resveratrol and the seventh weight of the green tea extract. Alternatively, the weight ratio of the total weight of the resveratrol and the green tea extract to the surfactant can be 4:1 to 1:70.
In steps (a1), (c1), and (c11), the total amount of the sixth weight of the first pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous solution and the eighth weight of the second pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous solution can be 16 ~ 400 parts by weight, based on 1 part by weight of the total amount of the fourth weight of resveratrol and the seventh weight of the green tea extract. Alternatively, the ratio of the sum of the fourth weight and the seventh weight to the sum of the sixth weight and the eighth weight can be 1:400 - 3:50.
The total amount of the first pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous solution and the second pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous solution can be 10 ~ 1000 parts by weight, based on 1 part by weight of the total amount of resveratrol and green tea extract. Alternatively, or, the ratio of the total weight of the resveratrol and the green tea extract to the total weight of the first pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous solution and the second pharmaceutically acceptable solution can be 1:1000 ~ 1:10.
In steps (c1) and (c11), the first pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous solution and the second pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous solution can be water for injection, aqueous solution for injection, or normal saline.
In step (c1), the first pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous solution may comprise a local anesthetic. Examples include amides, para-aminobenzoic acid es amino ethers, or a combination thereof. In some instances, the amides comprise dibucaine, lidocaine, mepivacaine HCl, bupivacine HCl, pyrrocaine HCl, prilocaine HCl, digammacaine, oxethazaine, or a combination thereof. In some instances, the para-aminobenzoic acid esters comprise butacaine, dimethocaine, tutocaine, or a combination thereof. In some instances, the amino ether is quinisocaine, pramocaine, or a combination thereof.
In step (c1), the first pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous solution may comprise an antioxidant. Examples include beta-carotene, lutein, lycopene, bilirubin, vitamin A, vitamin C (ascorbic acid), vitamin E, uric acid, nitric oxide, nitroxide, pyruvate, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidases, N-acetyl cysteine, naringenin, or a combination thereof.
This experiment prepared a third pharmaceutical composition with resveratrol and a hydrophilic drug, and prepared a fourth pharmaceutical composition and a fifth pharmaceutical composition with resveratrol and other lipophilic drugs.
Preparation of the third pharmaceutical composition were as follows:
The first pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous solution comprises a hydrophilic drug. In some instances, the first pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous solution may further comprise a local anesthetic, for example, amides, para-aminobenzoic acid esters, and amino ethers, or combination thereof. In some instances, the amide comprises dibucaine, lidocaine, mepivacaine HCl, bupivacine HCl, pyrrocaine HCl, prilocaine HCl, digammacaine, oxethazaine, or a combination thereof. In some instances, the para-aminobenzoic acid esters comprise butacaine, dimethocaine, tutocaine, or a combination thereof. In some instances, the amino ether isquinisocaine, pramocaine, or a combination thereof.
The first pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous solution may also comprise an antioxidant, for example, beta-carotene, lutein, lycopene, bilirubin, vitamin A, vitamin C (ascorbic acid), vitamin E, uric acid, nitric oxide, nitroxide, pyruvate, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidases, N-acetyl cysteine, naringenin, or a combination thereof.
In step (a2), the boiling point of the solvent may be lower than that of pure water.
In step (a2), the solvent can be a hydrophilic solvent, for example, methanol, ethanol, acetone, other hydrophilic solvents, or a combination thereof.
Alternatively, the solvent in step (a2) can be a lipophilic solvent, for example, ether, benzene, chloroform, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, hexane, other lipophilic solvents, or a combination thereof.
In step (b2), the surfactant can be a non-ionic surfactant, for example, polysorbate 80 (TWEEN® 80), polyoxyl 15 hydroxystearate (Solutol® HS 15), polyoxyethylene castor oil derivatives, and other non-ionic surfactants, or combination thereof. In some instances, the polyoxyethylene castor oil derivatives are polyoxyl 35 castor oil (Kolliphor® ELP,also known as Cremophor® ELP), polyoxyl 40 hydrogenated castor oil (Cremophor® RH 40), other polyoxyethylene castor oil derivatives, or combination thereof.
Between steps (c2) and (d2), the preparation process may further comprise a step of:
(c21) Adding a second pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous solution and stirring well until the second pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous solution is completely dissolved.
The hydrophilic drug can be dissolved in the first pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous solution, and the drug-containing micelle is a microstructure formed by the surfactant, and resveratrol is encapsulated in said drug-containing micelle.
The hydrophilic drug in the first pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous solution can be green tea extract, epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin, gallocatechin gallate, gallocatechin, catechin gallate, catechin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), caffeine, carnitine, L-carnitine, synephrine, chlorogenic acid, other hydrophilic drugs, or a combination thereof.
In steps (a2) and (c2), the weight ratio of the resveratrol to the hydrophilic drug can be 30:1 to 1:30.
In steps (a2) ~ (c2), the amount of the surfactant may be 0.24 ~ 70 parts by weight, based on 1 part by weight of the total amount of resveratrol and the hydrophilic drug. Alternatively, the weight ratio of the total weight of the resveratrol and the hydrophilic drug to the surfactant may be 4:1 to 1:70.
In step (a2), (c2), and (c21), using the total weight of resveratrol and the hydrophilic drug as a weight unit, the total amount of the first pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous solution and the second pharmaceutically acceptable solution can be 16 ~ 400 parts by weight, based on 1 part by weight of the total amount of resveratrol and the hydrophilic drug. Alternatively, the ratio of the sum of the fourth weight and the seventh weight to the sum of the sixth weight and the eighth weight may be 1:400 ~ 3:50.
In steps (c2) and (c21), the first pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous solution and the second pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous solution can be water for injection, aqueous solution for injection, or normal saline.
Preparation of the fourth pharmaceutical composition were as follows:
The step (A) for preparing the drug-containing micelle subassembly comprises the following steps (a3) ~ (d3):
Additionally, the step (B) for preparing the second lipophilic drug-containing micelle subassembly comprises the following steps (a4) ~ (d4):
In step (c3), the drug-containing micelle may have a microstructure formed by the first surfactant, and resveratrol is encapsulated in said drug-containing micelle. In step (c4), the second lipophilic drug-containing micelle can be a microstructure formed by the second surfactant, and the other lipophilic drug is encapsulated in said second lipophilic drug-containing micelle.
The lipophilic drug may be curcumin, quercetin, puerarin, and other lipophilic drugs except resveratrol, or a combination thereof.
In steps (a3) and/or (a4), the boiling point(s) of the first solvent and/or the second solvent may be lower than that of pure water. Alternatively or in addition, the first solvent and/or the second solvent may be (a) hydrophilic solvent(s), for example, methanol, ethanol, acetone, and other hydrophilic solvents, or combination thereof.
The first solvent and/or the second solvent in steps (a3) and/or (a4) may be (a) lipophilic solvent(s), for example, ether, benzene, chloroform, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, hexane, other lipophilic solvents, or a combination thereof.
In steps (b3) and/or (b4), the first surfactant and/or the second surfactant can be (a) non-ionic surfactant(s), for example, polysorbate 80 (TWEEN® 80), polyoxyl 15 hydroxystearate (Solutol® HS 15), polyoxyethylene castor oil derivatives, other non-ionic surfactants, or a combination thereof. In some instances, the polyoxyethylene castor oil derivatives are polyoxyl 35 castor oil (Kolliphor® ELP,also known as Cremophor® ELP), polyoxyl 40 hydrogenated castor oil (Cremophor® RH 40), and other polyoxyethylene castor oil derivatives, or combination thereof.
In steps (a3) and (b3), the weight ratio of the resveratrol to the first surfactant can be 1:4 to 1:500.
In steps (a4) and (b4), the weight ratio of the other lipophilic drug to the second surfactant can be 1:4 to 1:500.
In steps (a3) and (c3), the weight ratio of the resveratrol to the pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous solution can be 1:400 to 3:50.
In steps (a4) and (c4), the weight ratio of the lipophilic drug to the pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous solution can be 1:400 to 3:50.
In steps (c3) and/or (c4), the pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous solution can be water for injection, aqueous solution for injection, or normal saline.
In steps (c3) and/or (c4), the pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous solution may comprise a local anesthetic, for example, amides, para-aminobenzoic acid esters, and amino ethers, or combination thereof. In some instances, the amides can be dibucaine, lidocaine, mepivacaine HCl, bupivacine HCl, pyrrocaine HCl, prilocaine HCl, digammacaine, oxethazaine, or a combination thereof. In some instances, the para-aminobenzoic acid esters can be butacaine, dimethocaine, tutocaine, or a combination thereof. In some instances, the amino ethers can be quinisocaine, pramocaine, or a combination thereof.
In step (c3) and/or (c4), the pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous solution may comprise an antioxidant, for example, beta-carotene, lutein, lycopene, bilirubin, vitamin A, vitamin C (ascorbic acid), vitamin E, uric acid, nitric oxide, nitroxide, pyruvate, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidases, N-acetyl cysteine, a naringenin, or a combination thereof.
Preparation of a fifth pharmaceutical composition were as follows:
The types and ranges of the solvents, surfactants, pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous solutions, and other lipophilic drugs used in the fifth pharmaceutical composition are the same as those used in the fourth pharmaceutical composition. Additionally, the ranges of relative ratios of the ingredients used in the fifth pharmaceutical composition are also the same as those used in the fourth pharmaceutical composition.
Preferably, the pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous solution comprises a local anesthetic and/or an antioxidant.
Preferably, the types and ranges of the local anesthetic and/or antioxidant used in the fifth pharmaceutical composition are the same as those used in the fourth pharmaceutical composition.
Letting the pharmaceutical composition stand for at least 20 minutes. If the composition does not separate into layers, further analyzing it by a particle analyzer.
Determining whether the pharmaceutical composition comprises micelles by a particle size analyzer. If the particle diameter of the pharmaceutical composition, after being analyzed by a particle analyzer, is smaller than 250 nm, the PDI value is less than 0.4, the solution of the pharmaceutical composition is deemed clear and transparent when observed by the naked eye, and the light beam can be observed when the solution of the pharmaceutical composition is shined by a laser, then it indicates that the pharmaceutical composition comprises micelles.
If micelles are present in the pharmaceutical composition, the prepared composition is the pharmaceutical composition for reducing localized fat in the present disclosure.
If the pharmaceutical composition does not separate into layers and micelles are present after being let stand, the prepared pharmaceutical composition is the preferable pharmaceutical composition for reducing localized fat in the present disclosure.
Using a particle size analyzer (purchased from Malvern) to determine the distribution of particle diameters and the polydispersity index (PDI). If PDI is less than 0.4, it indicates that the stability of pharmaceutical composition is good, that is, the micelles in the pharmaceutical composition can exist stably.
The storage condition of the pharmaceutical composition in the present disclosure is 2~8° C. In order to test the stability of the pharmaceutical compositions, the pharmaceutical compositions was placed in an environment of relatively high temperature and relatively high humidity (temperature 25° C.±2° C., relative humidity 60%±5%), observed how long the micelles in the pharmaceutical composition can stably exist in a condition of relatively high temperature, to reckon the shelf life of the pharmaceutical composition at 2~8° C.
If the pharmaceutical composition has a shelf life of n months at a condition of 25° C., then the shelf life of the pharmaceutical composition at a condition of 5° C. is 2((25-5)/10) folds of n months. That is, the shelf life of the pharmaceutical composition at a condition of 5° C. is 22 folds of n months, that is, 4 folds.
For example, if the shelf life of the pharmaceutical composition is 6 months at a condition of 25° C., then the shelf life of the pharmaceutical composition at a condition of 5° C. is 24 months (6 months x 4 folds = 24 months.)
The pharmaceutical composition can maintain at a state without precipitation for at least 24 hours when it is subjected to accelerated stability test at a condition of temperature of 25° C.±2° C., relatively humidity of 60%±5%, and in the absence of direct light. Alternatively, the pharmaceutical composition maintains at a state without precipitation for at least 6 months when it is subjected to accelerated stability test at a condition of temperature of 25° C.±2° C., relatively humidity of 60%±5%, and in the absence of direct light.
Preferably, the pharmaceutical composition maintains at a state without precipitation for at least 24 months at a condition of temperature of 2~8° C.
Because the maximum drug loading of drug-containing micelles directly affects the injection volume, it has significant impact on drug volume, side effects, and the burden that have to be tolerated by the localized subcutaneous fat layer (such as subcutaneous fat layer of the face) in a single administration. Thus, this experiment investigates the maximum drug loading of drug-containing micelles formed by different non-ionic surfactants to determine which non-ionic surfactant is the best excipient for preparing the pharmaceutical compositions in the present disclosure.
Four non-ionic surfactants were selected for this experiment. The five non-ionic surfactants were polyoxyl 35 castor oil (Kolliphor® ELP,also known as Cremophor® ELP), , polyoxyl 15 hydroxystearate (Kolliphor® HS-15;HS-15), polyoxyl 40 hydrogenated castor oil (Cremophor® RH 40,abbreviated as RH 40), and polysorbate 80 (also known as Tween® 80).
There are 4 groups in the experiment, which are the ELP group, the HS-15 group, the RH40 group, and the Tween® 80 group, respectively.
Experimental steps:
(a′) 2.0 g (an example of a first weight) of resveratrol was mixed with 300~500 mL of dichloromethane, and stirred at 150-500 rpm at room temperature until resveratrol dissolved completely.
(b′) 18.0 g (an example of a second weight) of one of the non-ionic surfactants mentioned above was added to the solution, and stirred well at 100-300 rpm to volatize dichloromethane; and
(c′) A composition with 20 g in total was obtained after the solvent volatized completely; 2 g of the composition was weighed out, and 8 g (an example of a third weight) of normal saline for injection was added and stirred well to obtain a composition to be tested. In the composition to be tested, the concentration of resveratrol was 20 mg/g, and the concentration of the non-ionic surfactant was 18%.
The compositions to be tested from the ELP group, HS-15 group, RH40 group, and Tween 80 group were let stand for at least 20 minutes to observe if stratification occurs. If stratification occurs, it indicates that the concentration of resveratrol is too high, causing the micelles in the stage I composition to burst. That is, the non-ionic surfactant cannot be used to prepare the pharmaceutical compositions in the present disclosure which comprise as high as 20 mg/g of resveratrol.
Assessment of whether each of the excipients (ELP, HS-15, RH40, and Tween 80) is toxic, and calculate the maximum drug loading of drug-containing micelles formed by each excipient based on the maximum acceptable limits of excipients to be injected set by the pharmacopoeia of different countries.
In order to determine the maximum drug loading of ELP, it was determined that the maximum drug loading of ELP is greater than or equal to 166.7 mg/g. (As the ratio of resveratrol to ELP is 1:5, the prepared pharmaceutical composition contains 166.7 mg/g of resveratrol.)
The results indicated that ELP is the best excipient to prepare the pharmaceutical compositions in the present disclosure. The concentration of resveratrol can reach 166.7 mg/g in the pharmaceutical compositions prepared with ELP.
In order to determine both of the appropriate ratio between resveratrol and polyoxyl 35 castor oil (Kolliphor® ELP, also known as Cremophor® ELP) (ELP), and the maximum drug loading when preparing the pharmaceutical compositions in the present disclosure with ELP, various ratios between resveratrol and polyoxyl 35 castor oil (Kolliphor® ELP,also known as Cremophor® ELP, , abbreviated as ELP) were used in this experiment to prepare a series of pharmaceutical compositions in the present disclosure, and the stability analysis thereof were performed.
There are 9 groups in this experiment, that is, the first to the ninth group. The preparation method of pharmaceutical composition in each group was roughly the same as the experimental procedure in Example 6. The only differences were the weight of resveratrol (the first weight in step (a′)), the weight of ELP (the second weight in step (b′)), and the weight of normal saline for injection (the third weight in step (c′)). In this experiment, the guideline of adding all of the weight of resveratrol (the first weight), the weight of ELP (the second weight), and the weight of normal saline for injection (the third weight) was shown in Table 1.
In this experiment, the ratios of resveratrol to ELP (weight ratio) in the first group to the ninth group were 1:1, 1:2.5, 1:5, 1:8, 1:10. 1:40, 1:80, 1:200, 1:500, respectively, and the final concentrations of resveratrol in the pharmaceutical compositions prepared in the first to the ninth group were 1000 mg/g, 285.71 mg/g, 166.7 mg/g, 60 mg/g, 30 mg/g, 7.5 mg/g, 3.75 mg/g, 0.5 mg/g, and 0.2 mg/g, respectively. That is, the preparation of pharmaceutical composition in the first to the ninth group, the weight ratios of resveratrol in step (a′) to ELP in step (b′) (the ratios of the first weight to the second weight) were 1:1, 1:2.5, 1:5, 1:8, 1:10. 1:40, 1:80, 1:200, 1:500, respectively, and after adding the third weight of normal saline for injection in step (c′), the final concentrations of resveratrol in the prepared pharmaceutical compositions were 1000 mg/g, 285.71 mg/g, 166.7 mg/g, 60 mg/g, 30 mg/g, 7.5 mg/g, 3.75 mg/g, 0.5 mg/g, and 0.2 mg/g, respectively. Wherein, when the final concentrations of drug was presented as mg/g, this indicates the number of milligrams of resveratrol per gram of pharmaceutical composition.
Particle size analyzer was utilized to determine if micelles were present in the pharmaceutical compositions, and the particle diameter of the micelles was measured.
To assess the stability of the pharmaceutical compositions, the distribution of particle diameters and the polydispersity index (PDI) were determined by a particle size analyzer. The resveratrol content in the micelles was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC; e.g., HPLC-UV) and defined as the “initial drug content”.
The pharmaceutical compositions were subjected to accelerated stability test to observe if stratification occurred when the pharmaceutical compositions were stored at high temperature storage condition (25±2° C.) for 3 months. The drug content in the micelles was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC; e.g., HPLC-UV), and defined as the “drug content after accelerated stability test”. The “percentage of drug content” was calculated by dividing the “drug content after accelerated stability test” by the “initial drug content”. If the percentage of drug content is greater than or equal to 95%, it indicates the stability of the pharmaceutical composition was excellent.
Each group listed in Table 1 contains the same amount of ELP and varied amounts of resveratrol to reach the indicated weight ratio.
Table 2 shows the stability analysis result of the pharmaceutical compositions. When the weight ratio of resveratrol to ELP is 1:5 to 1:500, as shown in Table 2, micelles are present in different pharmaceutical composition, and the measured particle diameter of the micelles was 10~250 nm. Therefore, the pharmaceutical compositions, in which the weight ratio of resveratrol to ELP is 1:5 to 1 :500, are all pharmaceutical compositions for reducing localized fat in the present disclosure.
In terms of stability, when the ratios of resveratrol to ELP were 1:5 to 1:500, PDI was smaller than 0.4. Thus, in order to prepare the pharmaceutical composition for reducing localized fat in the present disclosure with better stability, based on 1 weight unit defined as the weight of resveratrol, the weight of ELP should be greater than or equal to 5 weight units. Preferably, based on 1 weight unit defined as the weight of resveratrol, the weight of ELP is 5~500 weight units. Preferably, based on 1 weight unit defined as the weight of resveratrol, the weight of ELP is 10-80 weight units. Preferably, based on 1 weight unit defined as the weight of resveratrol, the weight of ELP is 8~80 weight units.
In the table above, blank cells indicate that the contents were not analyzed.
Based on the data in Table 2, when the pharmaceutical compositions in the third and the fifth to the seventh group were stored at 25° C. for 3 months, the percentage of resveratrol content in every group was greater than 95% and there was no significant decreasing trend comparing to the initial drug content. This result indicates that the pharmaceutical compositions have excellent stability, and based on the rule of thumb of the accelerated stability test, the pharmaceutical compositions can be stored at 2~8° C. in refrigeration for at least 24 months.
(i)Preparation of a resveratrol pharmaceutical composition with Cremophor ELP and resveratrol
In this particular embodiment, the density of normal saline for injection is 1 g/mL. Thus, the volume of 80 g of normal saline for injection is 80 mL. Accordingly, the concentration of resveratrol in the resveratrol pharmaceutical composition is approximately 5 mg/mL (0.4 g ÷ 80 mL = 0.005 g/mL = 5 mg/mL.)
In this particular embodiment, the weight ratio of the first weight of resveratrol to the second weight of Cremophor ELP (surfactant) is 0.4:4. That is, the weight ratio is 1:10.
In this particular embodiment, the weight ratio of the first weight of resveratrol to the third weight of normal saline for injection is 0.4 : 80. That is, the weight ratio is 1: 200.
(ii) Preparation of a resveratrol complex pharmaceutical composition with Kolliphor® ELP, resveratrol, and green tea extract
In this particular embodiment, the concentration of resveratrol -green tea extract in the resveratrol complex pharmaceutical composition is 5 mg/mL [(0.36 g + 0.04 g) ÷ 80 mL= 0.4 g ÷ 80 mL = 0.005 g/mL = 5 mg/mL].
In this particular embodiment, based on the total weight of the green tea extract (0.04 g), the content of epigallocatechin gallate in the green tea extract is 95%.
In this particular embodiment, the weight ratio of the fourth weight of resveratrol to the seventh weight of green tea extract is 0.36 : 0.04. That is, the weight ratio is 9: 1.
In this particular embodiment, based on a weight unit defined as the total weight of the fourth weigh of resveratrol and the seventh weight of green tea extract (0.36 g + 0.04 g = 0.4 g), the weight of the fifth weight of surfactant is 10 weight units (4 g ÷0.4 g = 10).
In this particular embodiment, the density of normal saline for injection is 1 g/mL. Thus, using this particular embodiment, wherein the total volume of the sixth weight of the first normal saline for injection and the eighth weight of the second normal saline for injection is 80 mL, as an example, the total weight of normal saline for injection is 80 g.
Accordingly, based on a weight unit defined as the total weight of the fourth weight of resveratrol and the seventh weight of green tea extract (0.36 g + 0.04 g = 0.4 g), the total weight (80 g) of the sixth weight of the first normal saline for injection and the eighth weight of the second normal saline for injection is 200 weight units (80 g ÷0.4 g = 200).
Six-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were used for the experiment. First, 15 rats were fed with high-fat diet to induce accumulation of subcutaneous fat. Feeding was continued until each rat weighed 330 ± 10 g. The rats were randomly assigned into three groups: a high-fat diet control group, a low dosage resveratrol group, and a high dosage resveratrol group, with 5 rats in each group such that there was no statistical difference in the body weight between groups.
The 5 mg/mL resveratrol pharmaceutical composition prepared in Example 1 was injected into the lower inguinal subcutaneous fat layer of rats in the low dosage resveratrol group. Each injected dosage was 10 mg of resveratrol per kilogram of body weight (10 mg/kg); that is, 2 mL of the 5 mg/mL resveratrol pharmaceutical composition prepared in Example 1 was injected per kilogram body weight. The 5 mg/mL resveratrol pharmaceutical composition prepared in Example 1 was injected into the lower inguinal subcutaneous fat layer of rats in the high dosage resveratrol group. Each injected dosage was 20 mg of resveratrol per kilogram of body weight (20 mg/kg); that is, 4 mL of the 5 mg/mL resveratrol pharmaceutical composition prepared in Example 1 was injected per kilogram body weight. Rats in the high-fat diet control group were injected with the same volume of normal saline for injection in the same manner mentioned above.
The aforementioned injection sites were the lower inguinal fat pads of rats. Bilateral injections were performed evenly at the injection sites once a day on day 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the experiment. The rats were fed with high-fat diet during the entire duration of the experiment. Their weight change was recorded daily, and their water and food consumption was recorded weekly. The rats were fasted on day 14 and euthanized with CO2 on day 15.
The bilateral inguinal fat pads of rats were dissected and weighed, and the amount of lower inguinal fat of each group was calculated. The data were presented as mean ± SD and analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Statistical analysis results were presented as symbols or letters. Different symbols or letters indicate statistical difference (p<0.05), and identical symbols or letters indicate no statistical difference (p>0.05).
Please refer to
The experimental results demonstrated that comparing to the high-fat diet control group, the amount of lower inguinal subcutaneous fat of rats in the low dosage resveratrol group (wherein the dosage was 10 mg/kg) showed a tendency of reduction, and the localized fat was reduced by 5.6%; the amount of lower subcutaneous inguinal fat of rats in the high dosage resveratrol group (wherein the dosage was 20 mg/kg) were significantly reduced (p<0.05) from that in the figh-fat diet control group, and the localized fat was reduced by 18.1%.
If the suitable dosing frequency to be administered to rats is 4 times, the suitable dosing frequency to be administered to human is 1 to 12 times. Preferably, the dosing frequency to be administered to human is 1 to 12 times every other day to every 30 days. Preferably, the dosing frequency to be administered to human is 1 to 6 times every other day to every 30 days.
If the suitable dosage to be administered to rats is 10 mg/kg ~ 20 mg/kg, the suitable dosage to be administered to human is 0.2 ~ 40 mg/kg, for example, 0.4~20 mg/kg. Alternatively, a suitable administered dosage to be injected to human can be 0.2 ~ 20 mg/cm2, for example, 0.4 ~ 12 mg/cm2.
Preparation of the green tea extract composition: a 5 mg/mL green tea extract composition was prepared by dissolving green tea extract in normal saline for injection.
Six-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were used for the experiment. First, 20 rats were fed with high-fat diet to induce accumulation of subcutaneous fat. Feeding was continued until each rat weighed 330 ± 10 g. The rats were randomly assigned into four groups: a high-fat diet control group, a green tea extract group, a resveratrol group, and a resveratrol-green tea extract complex group, with 5 rats in each group such that there was no statistical difference in the body weight between groups. The body weight of each rat was recorded and defined as its “pre-experimental body weight”. Then, drugs were administrated as follows:
The 5 mg/mL green tea extract composition prepared in this example was injected into the lower inguinal subcutaneous fat layer of rats in the green tea extract group. Each injected dosage was 10 mg of green tea extract per kilogram of body weight (10 mg/kg); that is, 2 mL of the 5 mg/mL green tea extract composition prepared in this example was injected per kilogram body weight. The 5 mg/mL resveratrol pharmaceutical composition prepared in Example 1 was injected into the lower inguinal subcutaneous fat layer of rats in the resveratrol group. Each injected dosage was 10 mg of resveratrol per kilogram of body weight (10 mg/kg); that is, 2 mL of the 5 mg/mL resveratrol pharmaceutical composition prepared in Example 1 was injected per kilogram body weight. The 5 mg/mL resveratrol complex pharmaceutical composition prepared in Example 2 was injected into the lower inguinal subcutaneous fat layer of rats in the resveratrol-green tea extract complex group. Each injected dosage was 10 mg of resveratrol-green tea extract per kilogram of body weight (10 mg/kg); that is, 2 mL of the 5 mg/mL resveratrol complex pharmaceutical composition prepared in Example 2 was injected per kilogram body weight. Rats in the high-fat diet control group were injected with the same volume of normal saline for injection in the same manner mentioned above.
The aforementioned injection sites were the lower inguinal fat pads of rats. Bilateral injections were performed evenly at the injection sites once a day on day 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the experiment. The rats were fed with high-fat diet during the entire duration of the experiment. Their weight change was recorded daily, and their water and food consumption was recorded weekly. The rats were fasted on day 14 and euthanized with CO2 on day 15.
The body weight of each rat was recorded and defined as its “post-experimental body weight”. The “total body weight change” of each rat was obtained by subtracting its “pre-experimental body weight” from its “post-experimental body weight”. The “relative weight change” was obtained by dividing the total body weight change of each group by the total body weight change of the high fat diet control group.
The bilateral inguinal fat pads of rats were dissected and weighed, and the amount of lower inguinal fat of each group was calculated. The data were presented as mean ± SD and analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Statistical analysis results were presented as symbols or letters. Different symbols or letters indicate statistical difference (p<0.05), and identical symbols or letters indicate no statistical difference (p>0.05).
Because each dosage to be administered to the rats in each group is 10 mg/kg, the efficacy in reducing localized fat shown in the resveratrol-green tea extract complex group should be between the efficacy shown in the resveratrol group and the green tea extract group. If the efficacy in reducing localized fat shown in the resveratrol-green tea extract complex group is better than that in the resveratrol group and the green tea extract group, it indicates that resveratrol and green tea extract in the resveratrol-green tea extract pharmaceutical composition manifest synergy in localized fat reduction efficacy.
Please refer to
The experimental results demonstrated in
This example demonstrated that the resveratrol-green tea extract complex pharmaceutical composition in the present disclosure has a better localized fat reduction efficacy than the resveratrol simple pharmaceutical composition under the same dosage.
Comparison the localized fat reduction efficacy among the rats in the resveratrol group, the green tea extract group, and the resveratrol-green tea extract complex group, it demonstrated that resveratrol and green tea extract in the resveratrol-green tea extract complex pharmaceutical composition manifests synergy in localized fat reduction efficacy.
The experimental results demonstrated in
Resveratrol and other lipophilic drugs except resveratrol were used in this experiment to prepare complex pharmaceutical compositions in order to assess the lipolysis efficacy of various lipophilic complex pharmaceutical compositions on mature adipocytes.
In this experiment, puerarin and quercetin were chosen to prepare various lipophilic complex pharmaceutical compositions.
Determine if 50 ppm of resveratrol, puerarin, or quercetin have toxicity to cells other than adipocytes by MTT assay. Only if the drug is deemed non-toxic will lipolysis test be proceeded.
Experimental results showed that 50 ppm of resveratrol, puerarin, and quercetin are not cytotoxic to rat somatic cells other than adipocytes, so this dosage will not affect the general somatic cells.
A DMSO control group cell culture medium, a resveratrol cell culture medium, a puerarin cell culture medium, a quercetin cell culture medium, a resveratrol-puerarin complex cell culture medium, and a resveratrol-quercetin complex cell culture medium were prepared as follows:
The DMSO control group cell culture medium: DMSO was mixed with an appropriate amount of sterile water to obtain a 0.5% DMSO solution. The 0.5% DMSO solution was mixed with a cell culture medium (product name: Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium, purchased from Gibco) to prepare the DMSO control group cell culture medium, wherein, the volume ratio between the 0.5% DMSO solution and the cell culture medium is 1:1000.
The resveratrol cell culture medium: resveratrol was mixed with an appropriate amount of 0.5% DMSO solution to obtain a resveratrol solution. The resveratrol solution was mixed with a cell culture medium (product name: Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium, purchased from Gibco) to prepare the resveratrol cell culture medium containing 50 ppm of resveratrol, wherein, the volume ratio between the resveratrol solution and the cell culture medium is 1:1000.
The puerarin cell culture medium: puerarin (purchased from Sigma-Aldrich) was mixed with an appropriate amount of 0.5% DMSO solution to obtain a puerarin solution. The puerarin solution was mixed with a cell culture medium to prepare the puerarin cell culture medium containing 50 ppm of puerarin, wherein, the volume ratio between the puerarin solution and the cell culture medium is 1:1000.
The quercetin cell culture medium: quercetin (purchased from Sigma-Aldrich) was mixed with an appropriate amount of 0.5% DMSO solution to obtain a quercetin solution. The quercetin solution was mixed with a cell culture medium to prepare the quercetin cell culture medium containing 50 ppm of quercetin, wherein, the volume ratio between the puerarin solution and the cell culture medium is 1:1000.
The resveratrol-puerarin complex cell culture medium: resveratrol and puerarin were mixed with an appropriate amount of 0.5% DMSO solution to obtain a resveratrol-puerarin complex solution. Wherein, the weight ratio between resveratrol and puerarin was 2:3. The resveratrol-puerarin complex solution was mixed with a cell culture medium to prepare the resveratrol-puerarin complex cell culture medium containing 50 ppm of resveratrol-puerarin complex drug, wherein, the concentration of resveratrol was 20 ppm, the concentration of puerarin was 30 ppm, and the volume ratio between the resveratrol-puerarin complex solution and the cell culture medium was 1:1000.
The resveratrol-quercetin complex cell culture medium: resveratrol and quercetin were mixed with an appropriate amount of 0.5% DMSO solution to obtain a resveratrol-quercetin complex solution. Wherein, the weight ratio between resveratrol and quercetin was 2:3. The resveratrol- quercetin complex solution was mixed with a cell culture medium to prepare the resveratrol-quercetin complex cell culture medium containing 50 ppm of resveratrol-quercetin complex drug, wherein, the concentration of resveratrol was 20 ppm, the concentration of quercetin was 30 ppm, and the volume ratio between the resveratrol-quercetin complex solution and the cell culture medium was 1:1000.
Experimental procedure to determine the lipolysis efficacy on mature adipocytes
The adipocyte precursors 3T3-L1 cells (purchased from the Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Taiwan; abbreviated as BCRC) were seeded in 12-well plates, such that each well contained 1×105 cells. After two days of culture, the cells were cultured for another two days in a differentiation induction media (DMI medium, wherein contains 0.5 µM of IBMX (purchased from Sigma-Aldrich), 0.1 µM of dexamethasone (purchased from Sigma-Aldrich), and 5 µg/ml of insulin (purchased from Humulin R.)) Then, the cells were cultured in a medium containing 5 µg/ml of insulin for six days. Once the cell morphology changed from spindle-shaped to spherical and many lipid droplets were accumulated in the cells, it indicates that the cells have differentiated into mature adipocytes.
The mature adipocytes were divided into 6 groups, which are a DMSO control group, a resveratrol group, a puerarin group, a quercetin group, a resveratrol-puerarin complex group, and a resveratrol-quercetin complex group.
The mature adipocytes in the DMSO control group, the resveratrol group, the puerarin group, the quercetin group, the resveratrol-puerarin complex group, and the resveratrol-quercetin complex group were respectively cultured in the DMSO control group cell culture medium, the resveratrol cell culture medium, the puerarin cell culture medium, the quercetin cell culture medium, the resveratrol-puerarin complex cell culture medium, and the resveratrol-quercetin complex cell culture medium for 24 hours.
Annexin V protein (purchased from eBioscience) and propidium iodide (PI; purchased from eBioscience) were mixed with the cells in each group for a period of time, and then the percentage of cells labeled by annexin V protein and PI in each group was analyzed by flow cytometry to assess the percentage of mature adipocytes undergoing apoptosis. Wherein, when a mature adipocyte is labeled by both annexin V protein and PI, it indicates that the cell is undergoing apoptosis; when more mature adipocytes are undergoing apoptosis, it indicates that the lipolysis efficacy of the administered drug is better, and it also indicates that lipolysis is mediated through apoptosis but not necrosis.
The data were presented as mean ± SD and analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Statistical results were shown as symbols or letters. Different symbols or letters indicates statistical difference (p<0.05), and identical symbols or letters indicates no statistical difference (p>0.05).
Because the total amount of the treated drugs in each group is 50 ppm, the apoptosis efficacy of the resveratrol-puerarin complex group should be between the efficacy of the resveratrol group and the puerarin group. If the apoptosis efficacy of the resveratrol-puerarin complex group is better than that of the resveratrol group and the puerarin group, it indicates that resveratrol and puerarin in the resveratrol-puerarin complex pharmaceutical composition manifests synergy in lipolysis efficacy. Similarly, the apoptosis efficacy of the resveratrol-quercetin complex group should be between the efficacy of the resveratrol group and the quercetin group. If the apoptosis efficacy of the resveratrol-quercetin complex group is better than that of the resveratrol group and the quercetin group, it indicates that resveratrol and quercetin in the resveratrol-quercetin complex pharmaceutical composition manifests synergy in lipolysis efficacy.
Results in
Comparison the apoptosis efficacy among the resveratrol group, the puerarin group, and the resveratrol-puerarin complex group, it demonstrated that resveratrol and puerarin in the resveratrol-puerarin complex pharmaceutical composition manifests synergy in lipolysis efficacy.
Therefore, complex pharmaceutical compositions formed by resveratrol and various lipophilic drugs can all achieve lipolysis, and there are synergies between resveratrol and various lipophilic drugs in lipolysis efficacy. Thus, the present disclosure uses resveratrol and various lipophilic drugs to prepare drug-containing micelles and a second lipophilic drug-containing micelles, and further prepares the resveratrol-other lipophilic drug complex pharmaceutical composition, which is a pharmaceutical composition capable to be used for localized lipolysis and weight reduction.
Hydrophilic drug other than green-tea extract and resveratrol were used in this experiment to prepare complex pharmaceutical compositions in order to assess the lipolysis efficacy of various resveratrol-hydrophilic drug complex pharmaceutical compositions on mature adipocytes.
This experiment uses caffeine and L-camitine to prepare various resveratrol-hydrophilic drug complex pharmaceutical compositions.
Determine if 50 ppm of caffeine, and L-carnitine have toxicity to cells other than adipocytes by MTT assay. Only if the drug is deemed non-toxic will lipolysis test be proceeded.
Experimental results showed that 50 ppm of caffeine, and L-carnitine are not cytotoxic to rat somatic cells other than adipocytes, so this dosage will not affect the general somatic cells.
A sterile water control group cell culture medium, a resveratrol cell culture medium, a caffeine cell culture medium, a L-carnitine cell culture medium, a resveratrol-caffeine complex cell culture medium, and a resveratrol-L-carnitine complex cell culture medium were prepared as follows:
The sterile water control group cell culture medium: Sterile water was mixed with a cell culture medium to prepare the sterile water control group cell culture medium, wherein, the volume ratio between the sterile water and the cell culture medium is 1:1000.
The resveratrol cell culture medium: it is the same method as the preparation of the resveratrol cell culture medium in section (ii).
The caffeine cell culture medium: caffeine (purchased from Sigma-Aldrich) was mixed with an appropriate amount of sterile water to obtain a caffeine solution. The caffeine solution was mixed with a cell culture medium to prepare the caffeine cell culture medium containing 50 ppm of caffeine, wherein, the volume ratio between the caffeine solution and the cell culture medium is 1:1000.
The L-camitine cell culture medium: L-camitine (purchased from Sigma-Aldrich) was mixed with an appropriate amount of sterile water to obtain a L-carnitine solution. The L-camitine solution was mixed with a cell culture medium to prepare the L-camitine cell culture medium containing 50 ppm of L-carnitine, wherein, the volume ratio between the L-camitine solution and the cell culture medium is 1:1000.
The resveratrol-caffeine complex cell culture medium: resveratrol, caffeine, and an appropriate amount of sterile water were mixed to obtain a resveratrol-caffeine complex solution. Wherein, the weight ratio between resveratrol and caffeine was 2:3. The resveratrol-caffeine complex solution was mixed with a cell culture medium to prepare the resveratrol-caffeine complex cell culture medium containing 50 ppm of resveratrol-caffeine complex drug, wherein, the concentration of resveratrol was 20 ppm, the concentration of caffeine was 30 ppm, and the volume ratio between the resveratrol-caffeine complex solution and the cell culture medium was 1:1000.
The resveratrol-L-carnitine complex cell culture medium: resveratrol, L-carnitine, and an appropriate amount of sterile water were mixed to obtain a resveratrol-L-carnitine complex solution. Wherein, the weight ratio between resveratrol and L-camitine was 2:3. The resveratrol-L-camitine complex solution was mixed with a cell culture medium to prepare the resveratrol-L-carnitine complex cell culture medium containing 50 ppm of resveratrol-L-carnitine complex drug, wherein, the concentration of resveratrol was 20 ppm, the concentration of L-camitine was 30 ppm, and the volume ratio between the resveratrol-L-carnitine complex solution and the cell culture medium was 1:1000.
The preparation of mature adipocytes is the same method as that in section (ii) above.
The mature adipocytes were divided into 6 groups, which are a sterile water control group, a resveratrol group, a caffeine group, a L-carnitine group, a resveratrol-caffeine complex group, and a resveratrol-L-carnitine complex group.
The mature adipocytes in the sterile water control group, the resveratrol group, the caffeine group, the L-camitine group, the resveratrol-caffeine complex group, and the resveratrol-L-carnitine complex group were respectively cultured in the sterile water control group cell culture medium, the resveratrol cell culture medium, the caffeine cell culture medium, the L-camitine cell culture medium, the resveratrol-caffeine complex cell culture medium, and the resveratrol-L-carnitine complex cell culture medium for 24 hours.
Annexin V protein (purchased from eBioscience) and propidium iodide (PI; purchased from eBioscience) were mixed with the cells in each group for a period of time, and then the percentage of cells labeled by annexin V protein and PI in each group was analyzed by flow cytometry to assess the percentage of mature adipocytes undergoing apoptosis. Wherein, when a mature adipocyte is labeled by both annexin V protein and PI, it indicates that the cell is undergoing apoptosis; when more mature adipocytes are undergoing apoptosis, it indicates that the lipolysis efficacy of the administered drug is better, and it also indicates that lipolysis is mediated through apoptosis but not necrosis.
Because the total amount of the treated drugs in each group is 50 ppm, the ratio of resveratrol thereof was 40%, and the ratio of caffeine thereof was 60%; therefore, the apoptosis efficacy of the resveratrol-caffeine complex group should approximate the average of the efficacy of the resveratrol group and the caffeine group. If the apoptosis efficacy of the resveratrol-caffeine complex group is better than the average of that of the resveratrol group and the caffeine group, it indicates that resveratrol and caffeine in the resveratrol-caffeine complex pharmaceutical composition manifests synergy in lipolysis efficacy. Similarly, because the total amount of the treated drugs in each group is 50 ppm, the ratio of resveratrol thereof was 40%, and the ratio of L-carnitine thereof was 60%; therefore, the apoptosis efficacy of the resveratrol-L-carnitine complex group should approximate the average of the efficacy of the resveratrol group and the L-carnitine group. If the apoptosis efficacy of the resveratrol-L-carnitine complex group is better than the average of that of the resveratrol group and the L-camitine group, it indicates that resveratrol and L-camitine in the resveratrol-L-carnitine complex pharmaceutical composition manifests synergy on lipolysis efficacy.
Results in
Comparison the apoptosis efficacy among the resveratrol group, the caffeine group, and the resveratrol-caffeine complex group, it demonstrated that resveratrol and caffeine in the resveratrol-caffeine complex pharmaceutical composition manifests synergy in lipolysis efficacy.
Comparison between the apoptosis efficacy of the resveratrol group, the L-carnitine group, and the resveratrol-L-carnitine complex group, it demonstrated that resveratrol and L-carnitine in the resveratrol-L-carnitine complex pharmaceutical composition manifests synergy in lipolysis efficacy.
Therefore, complex pharmaceutical compositions formed by resveratrol and various hydrophilic drugs can all achieve lipolysis, and there are synergies between resveratrol and various hydrophilic drugs in lipolysis efficacy. Thus, the present disclosure uses resveratrol and various hydrophilic drugs to prepare the resveratrol-hydrophilic drug complex pharmaceutical composition comprising drug-containing micelles, which is a pharmaceutical composition capable to be used for localized lipolysis and weight reduction.
As demonstrated by the examples in the present disclosure, the first pharmaceutical composition, the second pharmaceutical composition, the third pharmaceutical composition, the fourth pharmaceutical composition, the fifth pharmaceutical composition, and other pharmaceutical compositions in the present disclosure can all reduce the localized fat. Therefore, the first pharmaceutical composition, the second pharmaceutical composition, the third pharmaceutical composition, the fourth pharmaceutical composition, the fifth pharmaceutical composition, and other pharmaceutical compositions in the present disclosure can be used to prepare subcutaneous implanted devices, subcutaneous implants, solutions for implanted infusion, ointment (or salve), or patches, which is capable to be administered by subcutaneous implantation, implanted infusion, or skin absorption ways, such as applying ointment (or salve) or wearing patches.
Preferably, the first pharmaceutical composition, the second pharmaceutical composition, the third pharmaceutical composition, the fourth pharmaceutical composition, the fifth pharmaceutical composition, and other pharmaceutical compositions in the present disclosure can reduce the localized fat at the administration site by subcutaneous fat layer injection. Therefore, the first pharmaceutical composition, the second pharmaceutical composition, the third pharmaceutical composition, the fourth pharmaceutical composition, the fifth pharmaceutical composition, and other pharmaceutical compositions in the present disclosure can be used to prepare formulation for subcutaneous fat layer injection or formulation for subcutaneous injection for reducing localized fat.
The foregoing descriptions are merely the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure and are not intended to limit the scope of patent application of the present disclosure. Therefore, any alteration or modification that does not depart from the spirit disclosed herein should be included within the scope of patent application of the present disclosure.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CN2015/088340 | Aug 2015 | WO | international |
This application is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. Pat. Application No. 15/754,363, which is a U.S. National Stage Entry of PCT/IB2016/055101, filed on Aug. 26, 2016, which claims the benefit of the filing dates of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/299,702, filed on Feb. 25, 2016 and 62/257,846, filed on Nov. 20, 2015. PCT/IB2016/055101 is also a continuation of PCT/CN2015/088340, filed on Aug. 28, 2015. The entire contents of each of the prior applications are incorporated by reference herein.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62299702 | Feb 2016 | US | |
| 62257846 | Nov 2015 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 15754363 | Feb 2018 | US |
| Child | 18169585 | US |
