Patent Application
20250107981
The present disclosure relates to methods of treating hair, for example, methods for providing hair with improved fiber alignment, frizz control, and smoothness.
Many consumers use cosmetic and care compositions to enhance the appearance of hair, e.g., by changing the color, style, or shape of the hair and/or by imparting various cosmetic properties to hair, such as shine and conditioning. Hair can become dry or damaged for various reasons, e.g., weather exposure, poor nutrition, mechanical treatments (e.g., brushing hair), styling treatments using chemicals, dying, heat, nutrition, etc. Even cleansing products can remove hair's natural oils causing dryness, which can lead to a dull appearance, split ends, and frizz.
Chemical treatments for hair include bleaching and coloring treatments to change the color the hair. Chemical treatments also include processes to permanently change the shape and structure of the hair, for example by perming, waving, relaxing or straightening the hair. These chemical treatments change the look of hair by changing its physical structure, which inevitably causes a certain degree of damage to the hair. Environmental factors, such as salt water, sunlight, and heat, are also known to damage hair. Damaged hair is characterized by unnatural changes to the protein structure of the individual hair strands or shafts.
The popularity and usage of oils for hair treatments has increased due to their effectiveness and simplicity. Commonly used oils include olive oil, mineral oil, avocado oil, apricot kernel oil, rice bran oil, and coconut oil. However, these treatments can leave the hair feeling greasy. In addition, the effects are not usually seen after more than several hours (e.g., 8 hours) of treatment and several treatments are usually required, making it time consuming and labor intensive.
Damage to hair results in split ends, dryness, hair that is easily broken, and hair that becomes “frizzy” and unmanageable. Because the visible portion of hair is dead, it has no ability to regenerate itself. There are numerous over the counter and salon treatments that purport to repair damaged hair. These include conditioners, hot oil treatments, hydrolyzed proteins, vitamin formulations, and exotic fruit, leaf, or root extracts. These treatments, however, provide only limited improvement to the hair. Therefore, hair treatment technologies that can straighten, relax, or style the hair without chemically damaging the hair are desired.
There is still a need for providing improved manageability of hair, for example, improved hair alignment, reduced unwanted volume (especially reduced frizz), and increased shine.
The instant disclosure is drawn to methods for improving the look, feel, and style of hair. In particular, the methods improve fiber alignment, reduce frizz, and impart smoothness. The treated hair is soft, shiny, conditioned, and has a healthy appearance. The methods form a smooth coating on the surface of the hair, which is surprisingly durable. The desirable cosmetic properties imparted to the hair are long-lasting, resistant to humidity, and maintained even washing the hair.
The methods of the instant disclosure typically include:
After applying the leave-on composition, the hair can be dried, for example, with a blow dryer or can dry naturally. Subsequently, the hair can be treated with a thermal heat treatment. The thermal heat treatment typically occurs at a temperature of about 150 to about 300° C. In various embodiments, the heat treatment occurs at a temperature of about 150 to about 280° C., about 180 to about 300° C., about 180 to about 280° C., about 200 to about 300° C., about 200 to about 280° C., about 200 to about 260° C., about 200 to about 250° C., about 210 to about 300° C., about 210 to about 280° C., about, 180° C., about 190° C., about 200° C., about 210° C., about 220° C., about 230° C., about 240° C., about 250° C. or about 260° C.
In various embodiments, the heat treatment includes treating the hair with a hot iron, for example, a curling iron or a flat iron. The hot iron can be passed over the hair once or multiple times, for example, one or more passes, two or more passes, three or more passes, or four or more passes.
Citric acid and its salts provide a myriad of benefits to hair. For example, it acts as an antioxidant, removes build-up and debris from the hair, and improves blood circulation in the scalp, which may hair follicles and promote growth. Its acidic pH is also useful for balancing the pH of the scalp, as many hair care products make it more alkaline. The citric acid in the instant compositions also interacts with cyclodextrin in a unique manner and improves film formation on the hair, which is further potentiated with heat. Sodium citrate (or trisodium citrate) is an example of a salt of citric acid.
Cyclodextrins are a family of cyclic oligosaccharides, comprised of a macrocyclic ring of glucose subunits joined by α-1,4 glycosidic bonds. Cyclodextrins are produced from starch by enzymatic conversion. Typical cyclodextrins contain glucose monomers ranging from six to eight units in a ring, creating a cone shape, for example, α (alpha)-cyclodextrin gas 6 glucose subunits, β (beta)-cyclodextrin has 7 glucose subunits, and γ (gamma)-cyclodextrin has 8 glucose subunits. Nonlimiting examples of cyclodextrins for use in the compositions of the present disclosure include α-cyclodextrin, β-cyclodextrin, γ-cyclodextrin, methyl-α-cyclodextrin, methyl-β-cyclodextrin, methyl-γ-cyclodextrin, and mixtures thereof.
Cyclic carbonates are also known as cyclic carbonate esters. Nonlimiting examples of cyclic carbonates include propylene carbonate, dipropylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, 2,3-butylene carbonate, 2,3-pentylene carbonate, pentylene carbonate, glycerol carbonate, or a mixture thereof. In various embodiments, propylene carbonate is preferred.
The hair treatment composition optionally includes one or more polysaccharides, water soluble solvents, amino-functionalized silicones, nonionic surfactants, miscellaneous ingredients, or a combination thereof.
Nonlimiting examples of polysaccharides include starches, modified starches, gums, modified gums, celluloses, modified cellulose, or mixtures thereof. More specific nonlimiting examples include xanthan gum, gellan gum, sclerotium gum, guar gum and their derivatives, cellulose and its derivatives, and a mixture thereof. In various embodiments, sclerotium gum is preferred.
The hair treatment compositions optionally include one or more water soluble solvents (also referred to as “water-soluble organic solvents”). Nonlimiting examples of water soluble solvents include glycerin, C1-C6 mono-alcohols, polyols (polyhydric alcohols), glycols, or a mixture thereof. In various embodiments, at least one of the one or more water soluble solvents is glycerin, a glycol (e.g., ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, pentylene glycol, caprylyl glycol, etc.) or a combination thereof.
Nonlimiting examples of amino-functionalized silicones include amodimethicone, bis-hydroxy/methoxy amodimethicone, bis-cetearyl amodimethicone, bis(C13-15 alkoxy) PG amodimethicone, aminopropyl phenyl trimethicone, aminopropyl dimethicone, bis-amino PEG/PPG-41/3 aminoethyl PG-propyl dimethicone, or a mixture thereof. In various embodiments, amodimethicone is preferred.
The hair treatment compositions typically include one or more nonionic surfactants or emulsifiers. Nonlimiting examples include nonionic surfactants or emulsifiers selected from alkoxylated fatty alcohols, fatty acid esters of polyoxyethylene glycol, ethoxylated mono or diglycerides, sorbitan esters, ethoxylated sorbitan esters, fatty acid glycol esters, ethylene oxide, alkyl(ether)phosphates, alkylpolyglucosides, and mixtures thereof. In various embodiments, at least one of the one or more nonionic surfactants or emulsifiers are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated. Fatty alcohol ethoxylates are particularly useful, for example, polyethylene glycol ethers of tridecyl alcohol (or other fatty alcohol).
In various embodiments, the hair treatment compositions include one or more miscellaneous ingredients. Nonlimiting examples of miscellaneous ingredients include preservatives, fragrances, pH adjusters, salts, chelating agents, buffers, antioxidants, flavonoids, vitamins, amino acids, botanical extracts, UV filtering agents, peptides, proteins, protein hydrolysates, and/or isolates, fillers (e.g., organic and/or inorganic fillers such as talc, calcium carbonate, silica, particular materials, etc.), emollients, composition colorants, or a mixture thereof.
As noted above, the leave-on composition typically include: (a) one or more silicones; (b) one or more film-forming polymers; and (c) water.
Nonlimiting examples of silicones include dimethicone, dimethiconol, cyclopentasiloxane, cyclomethicone, cyclotetrasiloxane, cyclohexasiloxane, cycloheptasiloxane, decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, cyclotetrasiloxane, cyclotrisiloxane, capryldimethicone, caprylyl trimethicone, caprylyl methicone, cetearylmethicone, hexadecylmethicone, hexylmethicone, lauryl methicone, myristyl methicone, phenyl methicone, stearyl methicone, stearyl dimethicone, behenyl dimethicone, trifluoropropyl methicone, cetyl dimethicone, polyphenylmethylsiloxane, dimethylpolysiloxane, methylphenylpolysiloxane, methyltrimethicone, diphenylsiloxyphenyl trimethicone, and phenyl trimethicone, amino-functionalized silicones and mixtures thereof.
In certain embodiments, at least one of the one or more silicones is an amino functionalized silicone. Nonlimiting examples of amino-functionalized silicones include aminopropyl dimethicone, amodimethicone, bis-hydroxy/methoxy amodimethicones, bis-cetearyl amodimethicone, bis(C13-15 alkoxy) PG amodimethicones, aminopropyl phenyl trimethicones, aminopropyl dimethicones, bis-amino PEG/PPG-41/3 aminoethyl PG-propyl dimethicones, caprylyl methicones, and a mixture thereof. Aminopropyl dimethicone and amodimethicone are particularly preferred amino-functionalized silicones.
Nonlimiting examples of film forming polymers include polyurethanes, vinyl polymers, natural polymers, latex or pseudolatex polymers, vinylpyrrolidone (VP)-based polymers, amphoteric polymers, or a combination thereof. Nonlimiting examples of polyurethane film forming polymers include polyurethane/polyether film forming polymers, for example, PEG-240/HDI copolymer bis-decyltetradeceth-20 ether, PEG-150/stearyl alcohol/SMDI copolymer, PEG-150/decyl alcohol/SMDI copolymer, steareth-100/PEG-136/HDI copolymer, or a mixture thereof.
The leave-on composition optionally includes one or more non-silicone fatty compounds, polysaccharides, water soluble solvents, miscellaneous ingredients, or a combination thereof.
Nonlimiting examples of non-silicone fatty compounds include oils, waxes, linear or branched alkanes, fatty esters, esters of fatty acids, esters of fatty alcohols, cetyl esters, triglycerides, or a mixture thereof.
Nonlimiting examples of polysaccharides include starches, modified starches, gums, modified gums, celluloses, modified celluloses, or a mixture thereof, for example, xanthan gum, gellan gum, sclerotium gum, guar gum or their derivatives, cellulose or its its derivatives, and a mixtures thereof.
Nonlimiting examples of water-soluble solvents include glycerin, C1-C6 mono-alcohols, polyols (polyhydric alcohols), glycols, or a mixture thereof. In various embodiments, at least one of the one or more water soluble solvents is glycerin, a glycol (e.g., ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, pentylene glycol, caprylyl glycol, etc.) or a combination thereof.
Nonlimiting examples of miscellaneous ingredients include preservatives, fragrances, pH adjusters, salts, chelating agents, buffers, antioxidants, flavonoids, vitamins, amino acids, botanical extracts, UV filtering agents, peptides, proteins, protein hydrolysates, and/or isolates, fillers (e.g., organic and/or inorganic fillers such as talc, calcium carbonate, silica, particular materials, etc.), emollients, composition colorants, or a mixture thereof.
The hair treatment compositions are applied to the hair and allowed to remain on the hair for a period of time, before being rinsed from the hair. For examples, the hair treatment composition is applied to the hair and allowed to remain on the hair for about 1 minute to about 60 minutes, 5 minutes to about 45 minutes, or about 5 minutes to about 30 minutes. Accordingly, the hair treatment compositions are considered a “rinse out” or “rinse off” product.
After rinsing the hair, the hair can be dried, for example, with a blow drier. After the hair is dry, the hair is treated with a thermal treatment (treated with heat). For example, the hair can be treated with a hot iron, in particular, a flat iron. Typically, the hot iron is passed over the hair at least once, at least twice, at least three times, or more. The temperature of hot iron is typically about 150° C. to about 300° C., preferably 150° C. to about 250° C., more preferably about 180° C. to about 230° C.
The treated hair exhibits improved hair fiber alignment, reduced frizz, and and smoothness. The treated hair is also soft, shiny, conditioned, with a healthy appearance.
Implementation of the present technology is described, by way of example only, with reference to the attached figure, wherein:
The various aspects are not limited to the arrangements, compositions, and instrumentality shown in the drawings.
The instant disclosure is drawn to methods for treating hair, especially hair in need of reduced frizz and improved smoothness. This is achieved using a hair treatment composition that includes a unique combination of citric acid, cyclodextrin, and propylene carbonate. The inventors believe that propylene carbonate undergoes a reaction when subjected to a thermal heat treatment. Heat activates a reaction with the propylene carbon and amine groups of the hair fibers, likely forming an N,N′-disubstituted urea linkage that contributes to the long-lasting fixation of the newly formed shape. The methods are gentle, long-lasting, and reduce hair frizz of while simultaneously improving smoothness. The methods improve fiber alignment, reduce frizz, and impart smoothness, to a surprising degree. The longevity of the improved fiber alignment, reduced frizz, and smoothness is also significant and surprising. Hair treated in accordance with the methods outline herein retains these desirable cosmetic properties, even after multiple cleansing cycles. Thus, the benefits provided by the compositions are surprisingly long-lasting and wash resistant.
Methods in accordance with the instant disclosure typically comprise:
After applying the leave-on composition, the hair can be dried, for example, with a blow dryer or can dry naturally. Subsequently, the hair can be treated with a thermal heat treatment. The thermal heat treatment typically occurs at a temperature of about 150 to about 300° C. In various embodiments, the heat treatment occurs at a temperature of about 150 to about 280° C., about 180 to about 300° C., about 180 to about 280° C., about 200 to about 300° C., about 200 to about 280° C., about 200 to about 260° C., about 200 to about 250° C., about 210 to about 300° C., about 210 to about 280° C., about, 180° C., about 190° C., about 200° C., about 210° C., about 220° C., about 230° C., about 240° C., about 250° C. or about 260° C.
In various embodiments, the heat treatment includes treating the hair with a hot iron, for example, a curling iron or a flat iron. The hot iron can be passed over the hair once or multiple times, for example, one or more passes, two or more passes, three or more passes, or four or more passes.
(i)(a) Citric Acid and Salts Thereof
The total amount of citric acid, salts thereof, or combination thereof will vary. Nonetheless, in various embodiments, the hair treatment composition includes about 1 to about 5 wt. % of citric acid, salts thereof, or a combination thereof, based on a total weight of the composition. In further embodiments, the hair treatment composition includes about 1 to about 4 wt. %, about 1 to about 3 wt. %, about 2 to about 5 wt. %, about 2 to about 4 wt. %, about 2 to about 3 wt. %, about 2.5 to about 5 wt. %, about 2.5 to about 4 wt. %, about 2.5 to about 3 wt. %, or about 1, about 1.5, about 2, about 2.5, about 3, about 3.5, about 4, about 4.5, or about 5 wt. % of citric acid, salts thereof, or a combination thereof, based on a total weight of the composition.
(i)(b) Cyclodextrin and Derivatives
Compositions according to the disclosure comprise at least one cyclodextrin or derivative thereof. As used herein, the term “cyclodextrins” includes slats of carboxylic acid, whether or not expressly stated. Cyclodextrins are a family of cyclic oligosaccharides consisting of a macrocyclic ring of glucose subunits joined by α-1,4 glycosidic bonds.
The cyclodextrins that can be used include those of the formula:
For example, in embodiments where R═H, the cyclodextrin may be α-cyclodextrin (n=6), β-cyclodextrin (n=7), or γ-cyclodextrin (n=8). By way of example, α-cyclodextrin sold by the company WACKER under the name CAVAMAX W6 PHARMA, β-cyclodextrin sold by the company WACKER under the name CAVAMAX W7 PHARMA, or γ-cyclodextrin sold by the company WACKER under the name CAVAMAX W8 PHARMA can be used.
In other embodiments where R=CH3, the cyclodextrin may be a methyl-cyclodextrin, such as methyl-α-cyclodextrin (n=6), methyl-β-cyclodextrin (n=7), or methyl-γ-cyclodextrin (n=8). For example, the methyl-β-cyclodextrin sold by the company WACKER under the name CAVASOL W7 may be chosen.
In various embodiments, the at least one cyclodextrin may comprise a mixture of cyclodextrins and/or derivatives thereof. For example, the at least one cyclodexctrin may be a mixture of α-cyclodextrin, β-cyclodextrin, and/or γ-cyclodextrin. In another embodiment, the at least one cyclodextrin includes β-cyclodextrin. In yet a further embodiment, the cyclodextrin is only β-cyclodextrin, and no other cyclodextrins or derivatives thereof are present in the composition.
In one embodiment, the compositions according to the present disclosure includes β-cyclodextrin in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 10%, such as from 0.2% to about 8%, from about 0.3% to about 7%, from about 0.4% to about 6%, from about 1% to about 10%, from about 1% to about 8%, from about 1% to about 5%, from about 1% to about 3% by weight, relative to the total weight of the hair treatment composition.
The total amount of cyclodextrin in the hair treatment compositions will vary. Nonetheless, in various embodiments, the hair treatment composition includes about 0.5 to about 5 wt. % of cyclodextrin, based on a total weight of the composition. In further embodiments, the hair treatment composition includes 0.5 to about 4 wt. %, about 0.5 to about 3 wt. %, about 0.5 to about 2 wt. %, about 1 to about 5 wt. %, about 1 to about 4 wt. %, about 1 to about 3 wt. %, about 1 to about 2 wt. %, about 1.5 to about 5 wt. %, about 1.5 to about 4 wt. %, about 1.5 to about 3 wt. %, about 1.5 to about 2 wt. %, about 0.5 wt. %, about 1 wt. %, about 1.25 wt. %, about 1.5 wt. %, about 2 wt. %, about 2.5 wt. %, about 3 wt. %, about 3.5 wt. %, about 4 wt. %, about 4.5 wt. %, or about 5 wt. %, based on a total weight of the composition.
The total combined amount of the citric acid, salts thereof, or combination of (a) and the cyclodextrin or derivatives of (b) will vary. Nonetheless, in various embodiments the total combined amount of the citric acid, salts thereof, or combination of (a) and the cyclodextrin and derivatives of (b) is about 1 to about 12 wt. %, based on a total weight of the hair treatment composition. In further embodiments, the total combined amount of the citric acid, salts thereof, or combination of (a) and the cyclodextrin and derivatives of (b) is about 1 to about 10 wt. %, about 1 to about 8 wt. %, about 1 to about 6 wt. %, about 1 to about 5 wt. %, about 2 to about 12 wt. %, about 2 to about 10 wt. %, about 2 to about 8 wt. %, about 2 to about 6 wt. %, about 2 to about 5 wt. %, about 3 to about 12 wt. %, about 3 to about 10 wt. %, about 3 to about 8 wt. %, about 3 to about 6 wt. %, about 3 to about 5 wt. %, or about 1 wt. %, 2 wt. %, 3 wt. %, 4 wt. %, 5 wt. %, 6 wt. %, 7 wt. %, or 8 wt. %, based on a total weight of the hair treatment composition.
The weight ratio of the citric acid, salts thereof, or combination of (a) to the cyclodextrin or derivatives of (b) will vary. Nonetheless, in various embodiments, the citric acid, salts thereof, or combination of (a) and the cyclodextrin or derivatives of (b) are in a weight ratio of about of about 8:1 to about 1:2((a):(b)). In further embodiments, the citric acid, salts thereof, or combination of (a) and the cyclodextrin or derivatives of (b) are in a weight ratio of 6:1 to about 1:2, about 5:2 to about 1:2, about 4:1 to about 1:2, about 3:1 to about 1:2, about 2:1 to about 1:2, about 8:1 to about 1:1, about 6:1 to about 1:1, about 5:1 to about 1:1, about 4:1 to about 1:1, about 3:1 to about 1:1, about 2:1 to about 1:1, about 1.2:1, about 1.3:1, about 1.4:1, about 1.5:1, about 1.6:1, or about 1.8:1 ((a):(b)).
The mole ratio of the citric acid, salts thereof, or combination of (a) to the cyclodextrin or derivatives of (b) will vary. Nonetheless, in various embodiments, the citric acid, salts thereof, or combination of (a) and the cyclodextrin or derivatives of (b) are in a mole ratio of about 20:1 to about 3:1. In further embodiments, the citric acid, salts thereof, or combination of (a) and the cyclodextrin or derivatives of (b) are in a mole ratio of about 18:1 to about 3:1, about 15:1 to about 3:1, about 20:1 to about 5:1, about 18:1 to about 5:1, about 15:1 to about 5:1, about 20:1 to about 8:1, about 18:1 to about 8:1, about 15:1 to about 8:1, about 20:1 to about 10:1, about 18:1 to about 10:1, about 15:1 to about 10:1, about 14:1, about 13:1, about 12:1, or about 11:1.
In various embodiments, the citric acid, salts thereof, or combination of (a) and the cyclodextrin of (b) are combined with one another before being added into the hair treatment compositions of the instant disclosure. For example, the cyclodextrin is preferably solubilized in the citric acid to form a solubilized combination of citric acid and cyclodextrin. The combination can be heated to facilitate or hasten the dissolution of the cyclodextrin. The solubility of cyclodextrin in water is not always ideal. Therefore, combining the cyclodextrin with the citric acid and dissolving the cyclodextrin in citric acid before adding combining the combination with other components of the hair treatment composition can be beneficial.
(i)(c) Cyclic Carbonates
Cyclic carbonates are also known as cyclic carbonate esters. Nonlimiting examples of cyclic carbonates include propylene carbonate, dipropylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, 2,3-butylene carbonate, 2,3-pentylene carbonate, pentylene carbonate, glycerol carbonate, or a mixture thereof. In various embodiments, propylene carbonate is preferred.
The total amount of the one or more cyclic carbonates in the compositions will vary. Nonetheless, in various embodiments, the compositions include about 1 to about 20 wt. % of the one or more cyclic carbonates, based on the total weight of the compositions. In further embodiments, the compositions include about 1 to about 18 wt. %, about 1 to about 15 wt. %, about 1 to about 12 wt. %, about 2 to about 20 wt. %, about 2 to about 18 wt. %, about 2 to about 15 wt. %, about 2 to about 12 wt. %, about 5 to about 20 wt. %, about 5 to about 18 wt. %, about 5 to about 15 wt. %, about 5 to about 12 wt. %, about 8 to about 20 wt. %, about 8 to about 18 wt. %, about 8 to about 15 wt. %, or about 8 to about 12 wt. %, based on the total weight of the compositions.
(i)(d) Polysaccharides
The term “polysaccharides” refers to compounds containing a backbone of repeating sugar (i.e., carbohydrate) units. The polysaccharides may be cationic, nonionic, or anionic. In various embodiments, the polysaccharides are preferably nonionic polysaccharides.
Nonlimiting examples of polysaccharides include starches, gums, celluloses, and a mixtures thereof. Nonlimiting examples of starches include modified starches, starch-based polymers, methylhydroxypropyl starch, potato starch, wheat starch, rice starch, starch crosslinked with octenyl succinic anhydride (sold under the name Dry-Flo by National Starch), starch oxide, dialdehyde starch, dextrin, British gum, acetyl starch, starch phosphate, carboxymethyl starch, hydroxyethyl starch, and hydroxypropyl starch.
Nonlimiting examples of cellulose-based polymers include cellulose, carboxymethyl hydroxyethylcellulose, cellulose acetate propionate carboxylate, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxyethyl ethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, methyl hydroxyethylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium cellulose sulfate, and mixtures thereof. Also useful herein are the alkyl-substituted celluloses. Preferred among the alkyl hydroxyalkyl cellulose ethers is the material given the CTFA designation cetyl hydroxyethylcellulose, which is the ether of cetyl alcohol and hydroxyethylcellulose. This material is sold under the tradename NATROSOL CS Plus from Aqualon Corporation.
In various embodiments, the polysaccharides are preferably selected from scleroglucans comprising a linear chain of (1-3) linked glucose units with a (1-6) linked glucose every three units, a commercially available example of which is CLEAROGEL. CS1 1 from Michel Mercier Products Inc.
Nonlimiting examples of gums include acacia, agar, algin, alginic acid, ammonium alginate, amylopectin, calcium alginate, calcium carrageenan, carnitine, carrageenan, dextrin, gelatin, gellan gum, guar gum, hectorite, hyaluronic acid, hydrated silica, hydroxypropyl chitosan, hydroxypropyl guar, karaya gum, kelp, locust bean gum, natto gum, potassium alginate, potassium carrageenan, propylene glycol alginate, sclerotium gum, sodium carboxymethyl dextran, sodium carrageenan, tragacanth gum, xanthan gum, biosacharide gum, and mixtures thereof.
In various embodiments, the one or more polysaccharides are selected from hydroxypropyl starch phosphate, potato starch (modified or unmodified), wheat starch, rice starch, hydroxyethyl cellulose, guar gum, hydroxypropyl guar, xanthan gum, sclerotium gum, and a mixture thereof. In yet further embodiments, the polysaccharide is hydroxypropyl starch phosphate. Hydroxypropyl starch phosphate is sold under the tradename of STRUCTURE ZEA by the company Akzo Nobel. In a preferred embodiment, at least one of the one or more polysaccharides is xanthan gum.
The total amount of the one or more polysaccharides in the compositions will vary. Nonetheless, in various embodiments, the compositions include about 0.1 to about 8 wt. % of the one or more polysaccharides, based on the total weight of the composition. In further embodiments, the compositions include about 0.1 to about 6 wt. %, about 0.1 to about 5 wt. %, about 0.1 to about 4 wt. %, about 0.1 to about 3 wt. %, about 0.1 to about 2 wt. %, about 0.2 to about 8 wt. %, about 0.2 to about 6 wt. %, about 0.2 to about 5 wt. %, about 0.2 to about 4 wt. %, about 0.2 to about 3 wt. %, about 0.2 to about 2 wt. %, about 0.3 to about 8 wt. %, about 0.3 to about 6 wt. %, about 0.3 to about 5 wt. %, about 0.3 to about 5 wt. %, about 0.3 to about 4 wt. %, about 0.3 to about 3 wt. %, or about 0.3 to about 2 wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition.
(i)(e) Water-Soluble Organic Solvents
The term “water soluble organic solvent” is interchangeable with the terms “water soluble solvent” and “water-miscible solvent” and means a compound that is liquid at 25° C. and at atmospheric pressure (760 mmHg), and it has a solubility of at least 50% in water under these conditions. In some cases, the water-soluble solvents has a solubility of at least 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90%. Non-limiting examples of water-soluble solvents include, for example, organic solvents selected from glycerin, alcohols (for example C1-8, or C1-4 alcohols), polyols (polyhydric alcohols), glycols, and a mixture thereof.
Nonlimiting examples of water-soluble organic solvents. Non-limiting examples of water-soluble organic solvents include, for example, organic solvents selected from glycerin, alcohols (for example, C1-10, C1-8, or C1-4 alcohols), polyols (polyhydric alcohols), glycols, and a mixture thereof. Nonlimiting examples of monoalcohols and polyols include ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, and phenylethyl alcohol, or glycols or glycol ethers such as, for example, monomethyl, monoethyl and monobutyl ethers of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol or ethers thereof such as, for example, monomethyl ether of propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol, dipropylene glycol as well as alkyl ethers of diethylene glycol, for example monoethyl ether or monobutyl ether of diethylene glycol. Other suitable examples of organic solvents are ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol, propane diol, and glycerin.
Further non-limiting examples of water soluble organic solvents include alkanediols (polyhydric alcohols) such as glycerin, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, trimethylolpropane, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, pentaethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, 2-butene-1,4-diol, 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol, 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, (caprylyl glycol), 1,2-hexanediol, 1,2-pentanediol, and 4-methyl-1,2-pentanediol; alkyl alcohols having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as ethanol, methanol, butanol, propanol, and isopropanol; glycol ethers such as ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol mono-n-propyl ether, ethylene glycol mono-iso-propyl ether, diethylene glycol mono-iso-propyl ether, ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether, ethylene glycol mono-t-butyl ether, diethylene glycol mono-t-butyl ether, 1-methyl-1-methoxybutanol, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol mono-t-butyl ether, propylene glycol mono-n-propyl ether, propylene glycol mono-iso-propyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monoethyl ether, dipropylene glycol mono-n-propyl ether, and dipropylene glycol mono-iso-propyl ether; 2-pyrrolidone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, formamide, acetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, sorbit, sorbitan, acetine, diacetine, triacetine, sulfolane, and a mixture thereof.
Polyhydric alcohols are useful. Examples of polyhydric alcohols include glycerin, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, 1,3-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 3-methyl-1,3-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, tetraethylene glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, polyethylene glycol, 1,2,4-butanetriol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, and a mixture thereof. Polyol compounds may also be used. Non-limiting examples include the aliphatic diols, such as 2-ethyl-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 3,3-dimethyl-1,2-butanediol, 2,2-diethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-methyl-2-propyl-1,3-propanediol, 2,4-dimethyl-2,4-pentanediol, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-hexanediol, 5-hexene-1,2-diol, and 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol, and a mixture thereof.
In a preferred embodiment, the composition include one or more glycols selected from glycerin, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, pentylene glycol, hexylene glycol, caprylyl glycol, dipropylene glycol, and mixtures thereof.
The total amount of the one or more water soluble solvents in the compositions, if present, will vary. Nonetheless, in various embodiments, the compositions include about 0.1 to about 20 wt. % of the one or more water soluble solvents, based on the total weight of the compositions. In further embodiments, the compositions include about 0.1 to about 15 wt. %, about 0.1 to about 10 wt. %, about 0.5 to about 20 wt. %, about 0.5 to about 15 wt. %, about 0.5 to about 10 wt. %, about 1 to about 20 wt. %, about 1 to about 15 wt. %, about 1 to about 10 wt. %, about 2 to about 20 wt. %, about 2 to about 15 wt. %, about 2 to about 10 wt. %, about 5 to about 20 wt. %, about 5 to about 15 wt. %, or about 5 to about 10 wt. %, based on the total weight of the compositions.
(i)(f) Water
The total amount of water in the hair treatment compositions will vary. Nonetheless, in various embodiments, the hair treatment compositions include about 50 to about 90 wt. % of water, based on the total weight of the compositions. In further embodiments, the compositions include about 60 to about 90 wt. %, about 65 to about 90 wt. % about 70 to about 90 wt. %, about 50 to about 85 wt. %, about 60 to about 85 wt. %, about 65 to about 85 wt. %, about 70 to about 85 wt. %, about 75 to about 85 wt. %, about 70 wt. %, about 75 wt. %, about 78 wt. %, about 80 wt. %, about 82 wt. %, about 83 wt. %, about 85 wt. %, or about 88 wt. % of water, based on a total weight of the composition.
(i)(g) Amino-Functionalized Silicone
The term “amino-functionalized silicone” or “amino silicones” means a silicone containing at least one primary amino, secondary amino, tertiary amino and/or quaternary ammonium group. The structure of the amino-functionalized silicone may be linear or branched, cyclic or non-cyclic. The amino functional group may be at any position in the silicone molecule, preferably at the end of the backbone (for example, in the case of amodimethicones) and/or in the side chain.
In some instances, an amino-functionalized silicones is selected from compounds having the following formula:
Preferred R1 groups include methyl, methoxy, ethyl, ethoxy, propyl, propoxy, isopropyl, isopropoxy, butyl, butoxy, isobutyl, isobutoxy, phenyl, xenyl, benzyl, phenylethyl, tolyl and hydoxy. Preferred R2 divalent alkylene radicals include trimethylene, tetramethylene, pentamethylene, —CH2CH(CH3)CH2 and CH2CH2CH(CH3)CH2.
Preferred R3 groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, phenyl, xenyl, benzyl, phenylethyl and tolyl. Preferred R4 groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl and isobutyl. When z is 0, the amino-functionalized silicine has only pendant amine functional substituents in the polymer chain. When z is 1, the amino-functional silicone may have only terminal amine functional substituents (e.g., m=0) or may have both terminal and pendant amine functional substituents in the polymer chain (e.g., m>0). Preferably, n+m is 50 to 1,000. More preferably, n+m is 50 to 750. Still more preferably, n+m is 50 to 500. Most preferably, n+m is 50 to 250.
In some instances, the amino-functionalized silicones are alkoxylated and/or hydroxylated amino silicones. Suitable alkoxylated and/or hydroxylated amino silicones may be selected from compounds of the following formula:
R6 is a C1 to C4 alkyl, n is a 1 to 4, x is the same as “n” described above, and y is the same as “m” described above.
The silicone may be a polysiloxane corresponding to the following formula:
R′aG3-a-Si(OSiG2)n-(OSiGbR′2-b)m—O-SiG3-a-R′a
in which:
Another group of amino silicones corresponding to this definition is represented by silicones having the following formula:
The alkoxy radical is preferably a methoxy radical. The hydroxy/alkoxy mole ratio ranges preferably from 0.2:1 to 0.4:1 and preferably from 0.25:1 to 0.35:1 and more particularly equals 0.3:1. The weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of the silicone ranges preferably from 2,000 to 1,000,000, more particularly from 3,500 to 200,000.
Another group of amino silicones corresponding to this definition is represented by the following formula:
The alkoxy radical is preferably a methoxy radical. The hydroxy/alkoxy mole ratio ranges generally from 1:0.8 to 1:1.1 and preferably from 1:0.9 to 1:1 and more particularly equals 1:0.95.
Another group of amino silicones is represented by the following formula:
The weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of these amino silicones ranges preferably from 2000 to 1 000 000 and even more particularly from 3500 to 200 000.
Another group of amino silicones is represented by the following formula:
A denotes a linear or branched alkylene radical containing from 4 to 8 carbon atoms and preferably 4 carbon atoms. This radical is preferably branched.
The weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of these amino silicones ranges preferably from 500 to 1 000 000 and even more particularly from 1000 to 200 000.
Another group of amino silicones is represented by the following formula:
Such amino silicones are described more particularly in U.S. Pat. No. 4,185,087.
A group of quaternary ammonium silicones is represented by the following formula:
A group of quaternary ammonium silicones is represented by the following formula:
Said silicones are preferably constituted of repeating units having the following general formulae:
[—(SiMe2O)xSiMe2-R—N(R″)—R′—O(C2H4O)a(C3H6O)b—R′—N(H)—R—]
or alternatively
[—(SiMe2O)xSiMe2-R—N(R″)—R′—O(C2H4O)a(C3H6O)b-]
The siloxane blocks preferably represent between 50 and 95 mol % of the total weight of the silicone, more particularly from 70 to 85 mol %.
The amine content is preferably between 0.02 and 0.5 meq/g of copolymer in a 30% solution in dipropylene glycol, more particularly between 0.05 and 0.2. The weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of the silicone oil is preferably comprised between 5000 and 1,000,000, more particularly between 10,000 and 200,000.
Non-limiting examples of amino-functionalized silicones include bis-hydroxy/methoxy amodimethicones, bis-cetearyl amodimethicone, amodimethicone, bis(C13-15 alkoxy) PG amodimethicones, aminopropyl phenyl trimethicones, aminopropyl dimethicones, bis-amino PEG/PPG-41/3 aminoethyl PG-propyl dimethicones, caprylyl methicones, and a mixture thereof. In some instances, a particularly useful amino-functionalized silicone is bis-hydroxy/methoxy amodimethicone, wherein X is isobutyl and one of the R is OH and the other is OCH3 in the above structure, also known as “Bis-Hydroxy/Methoxy Amodimethicone” and “3-[(2-aminoethyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl Me, di-Me, [(hydroxydimethylsilyl)oxy]- and [(methoxydimethylsilyl)oxy]-terminated.” Bis-hydroxy/methoxy amodimethicone is commercially available under the tradename DOWSIL AP-8087 FLUID from The Dow Chemical Company. A particularly preferred amino-functionalized silicone is amodimethicone” A non-limiting example of amodimethicone products containing amino silicones having structure (D) re sold by Wacker under the name BELSIL ADM 652, BELSIL ADM 4000 E, or BELSIL ADM LOG 1. A product containing amino silicones having structure (E) is sold by Wacker under the name FLUID WR 1300. Additionally or alternative, the weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of the silicone ranges preferably from 2,000 to 200,000, even more particularly 5,000 to 100,000 and more particularly from 10,000 to 50,000.
In a preferred embodiment, the one or more amino-functionalized silicones are selected from amodimethicone, bis-hydroxy/methoxy amodimethicone, bis-cetearyl amodimethicone, bis(C13-15 alkoxy) PG amodimethicone, aminopropyl phenyl trimethicone, aminopropyl dimethicone, bis-amino PEG/PPG-41/3 aminoethyl PG-propyl dimethicone, or a mixture thereof. In a further preferred embodiments, the amino-functionalized silicone is amodimethicone.
The total amount of the one or more amino-functionalized silicones in the hair treatment compositions, if present, will vary. Nonetheless, in various embodiments, the compositions include about 0.01 to about 10 wt. % of the one or more amino-functionalized silicones, based on the total weight of the composition. In further embodiments, the hair treatment compositions include about 0.01 to about 8 wt. %, about 0.01 to about 5 wt. %, about 0.01 to about 3 wt. %, about 0.01 to about 2 wt. %, about 0.01 to about 1 wt. %, 0.1 to about 8 wt. %, about 0.1 to about 5 wt. %, about 0.1 to about 3 wt. %, about 0.1 to about 2 wt. %, about 0.1 to about 1 wt. %, about 0.1 wt. %, about 0.2 wt. %, about 0.3 wt. %, about 0.4 wt. %, or about 0.5 wt. %, based on a total weight of the composition.
(i)(h) Nonionic Surfactant or Emulsifier
The terms “nonionic surfactant” and “nonionic emulsifier” are used interchangeably in the instant disclosure and therefore can be referred to as “nonionic emulsifying surfactants.” The nonionic surfactant or emulsifier may have an HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance) ranging from 1 to 7.9 or greater than or equal to 8. “HLB” refers to the “hydrophilic-lipophilic balance” associated with nonionic surfactants or emulsifiers. In particular, “HLB” value relates to the ratio of hydrophilic groups and lipophilic groups in emulsifiers, and also relates to solubility of the emulsifiers. Lower HLB emulsifiers (such as those with HLB values ranging from 1 to 7.9) are more soluble in oils (lipophilic material) and are more appropriate for use in water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions. Higher HLB emulsifiers (such as those with HLB values higher than 8) are more soluble in water (hydrophilic material) and are more appropriate for oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions.
Nonlimiting examples of nonionic surfactants or emulsifiers include alkyl and polyalkyl esters of poly(ethylene oxide), alkyl and polyalkyl ethers of poly(ethylene oxide), optionally polyoxyethylenated alkyl and polyalkyl esters of sorbitan, optionally polyoxyethylenated alkyl and polyalkyl ethers of sorbitan, alkyl and polyalkyl glycosides or polyglycosides, in particular alkyl and polyalkyl glucosides or polyglucosides, alkyl and polyalkyl esters of sucrose, optionally polyoxyethylenated alkyl and polyalkyl esters of glycerol, and optionally polyoxyethylenated alkyl and polyalkyl ethers of glycerol, and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the non-ionic surfactant(s) may be chosen from alkyl and polyalkyl esters of poly(ethylene oxide), alkyl and polyalkyl ethers of poly(ethylene oxide), optionally polyoxyethylenated alkyl and polyalkyl esters of sorbitan, optionally polyoxyethylenated alkyl and polyalkyl ethers of sorbitan, optionally polyoxyethylenated alkyl and polyalkyl esters of glycerol, and optionally polyoxyethylenated alkyl and polyalkyl ethers of glycerol, and mixtures thereof.
The compositions of the instant disclosure may include one or more alkanolamides. Non-limiting examples alkanolamides include fatty acid alkanolamides. The fatty acid alkanolamides may be fatty acid monoalkanolamides or fatty acid dialkanolamides or fatty acid isoalkanolamides, and may have a C2-8 hydroxyalkyl group (the C2-8 chain can be substituted with one or more than one-OH group). Non-limiting examples include fatty acid diethanolamides (DEA) or fatty acid monoethanolamides (MEA), fatty acid monoisopropanolamides (MIPA), fatty acid diisopropanolamides (DIPA), and fatty acid glucamides (acyl glucamides).
Suitable fatty acid alkanolamides include those formed by reacting an alkanolamine and a C6-C36 fatty acid. Examples include, but are not limited to: oleic acid diethanolamide, myristic acid monoethanolamide, soya fatty acids diethanolamide, stearic acid ethanolamide, oleic acid monoisopropanolamide, linoleic acid diethanolamide, stearic acid monoethanolamide (Stearamide MEA), behenic acid monoethanolamide, isostearic acid monoisopropanolamide (isostearamide MIPA), erucic acid diethanolamide, ricinoleic acid monoethanolamide, coconut fatty acid monoisopropanolamide (cocoamide MIPA), coconut acid monoethanolamide (Cocamide MEA), palm kernel fatty acid diethanolamide, coconut fatty acid diethanolamide, lauric diethanolamide, polyoxyethylene coconut fatty acid monoethanolamide, coconut fatty acid monoethanolamide, lauric monoethanolamide, lauric acid monoisopropanolamide (lauramide MIPA), myristic acid monoisopropanolamide (Myristamide MIPA), coconut fatty acid diisopropanolamide (cocamide DIPA), and mixtures thereof.
In some instances, the fatty acid alkanolamides preferably include cocamide MIPA, cocamide DEA, cocamide MEA, cocamide DIPA, and mixtures thereof. In particular, the fatty acid alkanolamide may be cocamide MIPA, which is commercially available under the tradename EMPILAN from Innospec Active Chemicals.
Fatty acid alkanolamides include those of the following structure:
In some instances, the one or more of the fatty acid alkanolamides include one or more acyl glucamides, for example, acyl glucamides having a carbon chain length of 8 to 20. Non-limiting examples include lauroyl/myristoyl methyl glucamide, capryloyl/capryl methyl glucamide, lauroyl methyl glucamide, myristoyl methyl glucamide, capryloyl methyl glucamide, capryl methyl glucamide, cocoyl methyl glucamide, capryloyl/caproyl methyl glucamide, cocoyl methyl glucamide, lauryl methylglucamide, oleoyl methylglucamide oleate, stearoyl methylglucamide stearate, sunfloweroyl methylglucamide, and tocopheryl succinate methylglucamide.
The compositions of the instant disclosure may include one or more alkyl polyglucosides. Non-limiting examples of alkyl polyglucosides include those having the following formula:
R1—O—(R2O)n—Z(x)
Useful alkyl poly glucosides include lauryl glucoside, octyl glucoside, decyl glucoside, coco glucoside, caprylyl/capryl glucoside, and sodium lauryl glucose carboxylate. Typically, the at least one alkyl poly glucoside compound is selected from the group consisting of lauryl glucoside, decyl glucoside and coco glucoside. In some instances, decyl glucoside is particularly preferred.
The compositions of the instant disclosure may include one or more miscellaneous nonionic surfactants or emulsifiers. Nonlimiting examples include alcohols, alpha-diols, alkylphenols and esters of fatty acids, being ethoxylated, propoxylated or glycerolated and having at least one fatty chain comprising, for example, from 8 to 18 carbon atoms, it being possible for the number of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide groups to range from 2 to 50, and for the number of glycerol groups to range from 1 to 30. Maltose derivatives may also be mentioned. Non-limiting mention may also be made of copolymers of ethylene oxide and/or of propylene oxide; condensates of ethylene oxide and/or of propylene oxide with fatty alcohols; polyethoxylated fatty amides comprising, for example, from 2 to 30 mol of ethylene oxide; polyglycerolated fatty amides comprising, for example, from 1.5 to 5 glycerol groups, such as from 1.5 to 4; ethoxylated fatty acid esters of sorbitan comprising from 2 to 30 mol of ethylene oxide; ethoxylated oils from plant origin; fatty acid esters of sucrose; fatty acid esters of polyethylene glycol; polyethoxylated fatty acid mono or diesters of glycerol (C6-C24)alkylpolyglycosides; N—(C6-C24)alkylglucamine derivatives, amine oxides such as (C10-C14)alkylamine oxides or N—(C10-C14) acylaminopropylmorpholine oxides; and mixtures thereof.
Such nonionic surfactants may preferably be chosen from polyoxyalkylenated or polyglycerolated nonionic surfactants. The oxyalkylene units are more particularly oxyethylene or oxypropylene units, or a combination thereof, and are preferably oxyethylene units.
In some cases, the nonionic surfactant may be selected from esters of polyols with fatty acids with a saturated or unsaturated chain containing for example from 8 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 22 carbon atoms, and alkoxylated derivatives thereof, preferably with a number of alkyleneoxide of from 10 to 200, and more preferably from 10 to 100, such as glyceryl esters of a C8-C24, preferably C12-C22, fatty acid or acids and alkoxylated derivatives thereof, preferably with a number of alkyleneoxide of from 10 to 200, and more preferably from 10 to 100; polyethylene glycol esters of a C8-C24, preferably C12-C22, fatty acid or acids and alkoxylated derivatives thereof, preferably with a number of alkyleneoxide of from 10 to 200, and more preferably from 10 to 100; sorbitol esters of a C8-C24, preferably C12-C22, fatty acid or acids and alkoxylated derivatives thereof, preferably with a number of alkyleneoxide of from 10 to 200, and more preferably from 10 to 100; sugar (sucrose, glucose, alkylglycose) esters of a C8-C24, preferably C12-C22, fatty acid or acids and alkoxylated derivatives thereof, preferably with a number of alkyleneoxide of from 10 to 200, and more preferably from 10 to 100; ethers of fatty alcohols; ethers of sugar and a C8-C24, preferably C12-C22, fatty alcohol or alcohols; and mixtures thereof.
Examples of ethoxylated fatty esters that may be mentioned include the adducts of ethylene oxide with esters of lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid or behenic acid, and mixtures thereof, especially those containing from 9 to 100 oxyethylene groups, such as PEG-9 to PEG-50 laurate (as the CTFA names: PEG-9 laurate to PEG-50 laurate); PEG-9 to PEG-50 palmitate (as the CTFA names: PEG-9 palmitate to PEG-50 palmitate); PEG-9 to PEG-50 stearate (as the CTFA names: PEG-9 stearate to PEG-50 stearate); PEG-9 to PEG-50 palmitostearate; PEG-9 to PEG-50 behenate (as the CTFA names: PEG-9 behenate to PEG-50 behenate); polyethylene glycol 100 EO monostearate (CTFA name: PEG-100 stearate); and mixtures thereof.
As glyceryl esters of fatty acids, glyceryl stearate (glyceryl mono-, di- and/or tristearate)(CTFA name: glyceryl stearate) or glyceryl ricinoleate and mixtures thereof can in particular be cited.
As glyceryl esters of C8-C24 alkoxylated fatty acids, polyethoxylated glyceryl stearate (glyceryl mono-, di- and/or tristearate) such as PEG-20 glyceryl stearate can for example be cited.
Mixtures of these surfactants, such as for example the product containing glyceryl stearate and PEG-100 stearate, marketed under the name ARLACEL 165 by Uniqema, and the product containing glyceryl stearate (glyceryl mono- and distearate) and potassium stearate marketed under the name TEG1N by Goldschmidt (CTFA name: glyceryl stearate SE), can also be used.
The total amount of the one or more nonionic surfactants or emulsifiers in the compositions, if present, will vary. Nonetheless, in various embodiments, the compositions include about 0.01 to about 10 wt. % of the one or more nonionic surfactants or emulsifiers. In further embodiments, the compositions include about 0.01 to about 8 wt. %, about 0.01 to about 5 wt. %, about 0.01 to about 3 wt. %, about 0.01 to about 1 wt. %, about 0.05 to about 10 wt. %, about 0.05 to about 8 wt. %, about 0.05 to about 5 wt. %, about 0.05 to about 3 wt. %, or about 0.05 to about 1 wt. %, based on a total weight of the composition.
(i)(i) Miscellaneous Ingredients
The hair treatment compositions optionally include or exclude (or are essentially free from) one or more miscellaneous ingredients. Miscellaneous ingredients are ingredients that are compatible with the hair treatment compositions and do not disrupt or materially affect the basic and novel properties of the compositions. Nonlimiting examples of ingredients include preservatives, fragrances, pH adjusters, salts, chelating agents, buffers, antioxidants, flavonoids, vitamins, botanical extracts, UV filtering agents, proteins, protein hydrolysates, and/or isolates, fillers (e.g., organic and/or inorganic fillers such as talc, calcium carbonate, silica, etc.) composition colorants, etc. In various embodiments, the miscellaneous ingredients are chosen from preservatives, fragrances, pH adjusters, salts, chelating agents, buffers, composition colorants, and mixtures thereof. In the context of the instant disclosure, a “composition colorant” is a compound that colors the composition but does not have an appreciable coloring effect on hair. In other words, the composition colorant is included to provide a coloring to the composition for aesthetic appeal but is not intended to impart coloring properties to hair. Styling gels, for example, can be found in a variety of different colors (e.g., light blue, light pink, etc.) yet application of the styling gel to hair does not visibly change the color of the hair.
The total amount of the one or more miscellaneous ingredients in the hair treatment compositions, if present, will vary. Nonetheless, in various embodiments, the compositions include about 0.1 to about 15 wt. % of the one or more miscellaneous ingredients, based on the total weight of the compositions. In further embodiments, the compositions include about 0.1 to about 12 wt. %, about 0.1 to about 10 wt. %, about 0.1 to about 5 wt. %, about 0.5 to about 15 wt. %, about 0.5 to about 12 wt. %, about 0.5 to about 10 wt. %, about 0.5 to about 8 wt. %, about 0.5 to about 5 wt. %, about 1 to about 15 wt. %, about 1 to about 12 wt. %, about 1 to about 10 wt. %, about 1 to about 8 wt. %, about 1 to about 5 wt. %, about 2 to about 15 wt. %, about 2 to about 12 wt. %, about 2 to about 10 wt. %, about 2 to about 8 wt. %, or about 2 to about 5 wt. %, based on the total weight of the compositions.
pH
The pH of the hair treatment composition can vary. Nonetheless, in various embodiments, a pH less than 7 (an acidic pH) is desirable. For example, the pH can be from about 2.5 to about 6.5, about 2.5 to about 6, about 2.5 to about 5.5, about 2.5 to about 5, about 2.5 to about 4.5, about 3 to about 6.5, about 3 to about 6, about 3 to about 5.5, about 3 to about 5, about 3 to about 4.5, preferably about 3 to about 4.5.
The hair treatment composition is applied to the hair and allowed to remain on the hair for a period of time before rinsing the hair treatment composition from the hair. The hair treatment composition can be applied to wet or damp hair or can be applied to dry hair. The hair treatment composition includes a substantial amount of water and therefore application of the hair treatment composition to the hair will have a wetting effect. In various embodiments, the hair is cleansed, for example, with a shampoo, prior to application of the hair treatment composition.
A unique element relating to the instant methods is the lack of a pretreatment step using a composition comprising an alkalizing agent. The methods of the instant disclosure do not require treating the hair with an alkalizing agent before, after, or throughout the method. Many hair straightening or relaxing methods require treatment with a chemical relaxing composition, for example, a hydroxide relaxer (or hydroxide relaxing composition). Various straightening and relaxing compositions are known in the art. For example, chemical relaxing procedures use a hydroxide relaxer in a process called lanthionization, which breaks disulfide bonds and alter the curl pattern of the hair. During this process the curl pattern is loosened or relaxed. The cortex is thus elongated, stretching the original curl pattern, therefore making this a permanent alteration. There are several types of hydroxide relaxers that have active ingredients such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), and lithium hydroxide (LiOH). Sometimes calcium (CaOH) is added to hydroxide relaxers, but it is not used solely to relax hair. Accordingly, in various embodiments, Hydroxide-based hair straightening or relaxing composition typically have an alkaline pH, for example a pH from about 8 to 12, or about 9 to 12, or about 10 to 12.
The methods of the instant disclosure are preferably carried out on hair that has not recently been subjected to treatment with an alkalizing agent. For example, the hair has not recently been treated with a hydroxide relaxer. The hair may have never been treated with an alkaline composition or other straightening or relaxing composition such as a hydroxide relaxer. Typically, the methods of the instant disclosure treat hair that has not been treated with an alkalizing agent (e.g., hydroxide relaxer, etc.) within past day (24 hours). Preferably, the methods of the instant disclosure treat hair that has not been treated with an alkalizing agent (e.g., hydroxide relaxer, etc.) within 2 days or more, 3 days or more, 1 week or more, 1 month or more, 6 months or more, or never treated with an alkalizing agent.
Other hair straightening or relaxing composition include ingredients such as glyoxylic acid. Glyoxylic acid provides straightening to the hair fibers without breaking the cystine disulfide bridge. Therefore, it provides long-lasting relaxing effects without causing damage to the hair and scalp, which is more common with alkaline chemical and other straightening agents. The carboxylic and aldehyde groups of glyoxylic acid react with the amine groups in hair keratin resulting in the formation of stable bonds.
In various embodiments, the methods of the instant disclosure are carried out on hair that has not recently been subjected to treatment with glyoxylic acid. Typically, the methods of the instant disclosure treat hair that has not been treated with glyoxylic acid within past day (24 hours). Preferably, the methods of the instant disclosure treat hair that has not been treated with glyoxylic acid within 2 days or more, 3 days or more, 1 week or more, 1 month or more, 6 months or more, or never treated with an alkalizing agent (e.g., hydroxide relaxer). In other embodiments, the hair may have recently been treated with glyoxylic acid.
The hair treatment composition can remain on the hair for an extended amount of time. Nonetheless, in various embodiments, the hair treatment composition is applied to the hair and allowed to remain on the hair for about 30 seconds to about 60 minutes. In further embodiments, the hair treatment composition remains on the hair for about 1 minute to about 60 minutes, about 1 minute to about 45 minutes, about 1 minute to about 30 minutes, about 1 minute to about 20 minutes, about 1 minute to about 15 minutes, about 2 minutes to about 60 minutes, about 2 minutes to about 45 minutes, about 2 minutes to about 30 minutes, about 2 minutes to about 20 minutes, about 2 minutes to about 15 minutes, about 5 minutes to about 60 minutes, about 5 minutes to about 45 minutes, about 5 minutes to about 30 minutes, about 5 minutes to about 20 minutes, about 5 minutes to about 15 minutes, about 5 minutes, about 8 minutes, about 10 minutes, about 12 minutes, or about 15 minutes. After the hair treatment composition has remained on the hair for an appropriate amount of time, it is rinsed from the hair with water. Subsequently, the leave-on composition can be applied to the hair, followed by a thermal heat treatment.
The leave-on composition is typically applied to the hair shortly after rinsing the hair treatment composition from the hair. For example, the leave-on composition may be applied to the hair within 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, or 60 minutes from rinsing the hair treatment composition from the hair. It is not mandatory that the leave-on hair treatment composition be applied to the hair immediately after rinsing the hair treatment composition from the hair but application of the leave-on composition shortly after rinsing the hair treatment composition from the hair is preferred.
(ii)(a) Silicones
Silicones can be referred to as silicone oils. Nonlimiting examples of silicones include dimethicone, dimethiconol, dimethiconol, cyclomethicone, polysilicone-11, phenyl trimethicone, trimethylsilylamodimethicone, and stearoxytrimethylsilane. In a preferred embodiment, the one or more silicones are chosen from non-volatile silicon oils. Useful silicone oils include polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMSs), polydimethylsiloxanes comprising alkyl or alkoxy groups which are pendent and/or at the end of the silicone chain, which groups each contain from 2 to 24 carbon atoms, or phenyl silicones, such as phenyl trimethicones, phenyl dimethicones, phenyl(trimethylsiloxy)diphenylsiloxanes, diphenyl dimethicones, diphenyl(methyldiphenyl)trisiloxanes or (2-phenylethyl)trimethylsiloxysilicates. Other examples of silicone oils that may be mentioned include volatile linear or cyclic silicones, such as those with a viscosity 8 centistokes (8×106 m2/s) and/or containing from 2 to 7 silicon atoms. These silicones optionally comprise alkyl or alkoxy groups containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples of volatile silicone oils include octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane, heptamethylhexyltrisiloxane, heptamethyloctyltrisiloxane, hexamethyldisiloxane, octamethyltrisiloxane, decamethyltetrasiloxane and dodecamethylpentasiloxane, or mixtures thereof.
Nonlimiting examples of quaternized or quaternizable polysiloxanes include silicone quaternium 22 (e.g., ABIL T QUAT 60), silicone quaternium 12 (PECOSIL CA-1240), amodimethicone (e.g., DOW CORNING 2-8566 AMINO FLUID), bis-cetearyl amodimethicone (e.g., SILSOFT AX), bis-amino PEG/PPG-41/3 aminoethyl PG-propyl dimethicone (e.g., SILSOFT A-843), PEG-40/PPG-8 methylaminopropyl hydroxypropyl dimethicone copolymer (e.g., SILSOFT A+), silicone quaterium 16 (and) undeceth-11 (and) butyloctanol (and) undeceth-5 (e.g., DOW CORNING 5-7113 SILICONE QUAT MICROEMULSION), and bis-isobutyl/PEG/PPG-20/35/amodimethicone copolymer (e.g., DOW CORNING CE 8401 EMULSION). A preferred quaternized or quaternizable polysiloxane is bis-cetearyl amodimethicone.
In certain embodiments, at least one of the one or more silicones is an amino functionalized silicone. The term “amino-functionalized silicone” is intended to indicate any silicone comprising at least one primary, secondary or tertiary amine or a quaternary ammonium group without piperidinyl groups. The term “amino-functionalized silicone” is interchangeable with the term “amino silicone.” In some instances, the amino-functionalized silicones are alkoxylated and/or hydroxylated amino silicones. Nonlimiting examples include amodimethicone, bis-hydroxy/methoxy amodimethicones, bis-cetearyl amodimethicone, amodimethicone, bis(C13-15 alkoxy) PG amodimethicones, aminopropyl phenyl trimethicones, aminopropyl dimethicones, bis-amino PEG/PPG-41/3 aminoethyl PG-propyl dimethicones, caprylyl methicones, and a mixture thereof. Aminopropyl dimethicone and amodimethicone are particularly preferred amino functionalized silicones.
A more exhaustive but non-limiting description of amino-functionalized silicones is set forth above, under the heading “(i)(g) Amino-Functionalized Silicone,” and is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
Nonlimiting examples of amino-functionalized silicones include aminopropyl dimethicone, amodimethicone, quaternium 80, silicone quaternium-1, silicone quaternium-2, silicone quaternium-2 panthenol succinate, silicone quaternium-3, silicone quaternium-4, silicone quaternium-5, silicone quaternium-6, silicone quaternium-7, silicone quaternium-8, silicone quaternium-9, silicone quaternium-10, silicone quaternium-11, silicone quaternium-12, silicone quaternium-15, silicone quaternium-16, silicone quaternium-16/Glycidoxy Dimethicone Crosspolymer, silicone quaternium-17, silicone quaternium-18, silicone quaternium-20 and silicone quaternium-21. Preferred are quaternium 80, silicone quaternium-16, silicone quaternium-18, silicone quaternium-1, silicone quaternium-2, silicone quaternium-3, silicone quaternium-4, silicone quaternium-5, silicone quaternium-6, silicone quaternium-7, silicone quaternium-8, silicone quaternium-9, silicone quaternium-10, silicone quaternium-11, silicone quaternium-12, silicone quaternium-15, silicone quaternium-17, silicone quaternium-20 and silicone quaternium-21. More preferred are quaternium 80, silicone quaternium-16, silicone quaternium-18, silicone quaternium-3, silicone quaternium-4, silicone quaternium-5, silicone quaternium-6, silicone quaternium-7, silicone quaternium-8, silicone quaternium-9, silicone quaternium-10, silicone quaternium-11, silicone quaternium-12, silicone quaternium-15, and silicone quaternium-17. Preferred are quaternium 80, silicone quaternium-16, silicone quaternium-18, silicone quaternium-15, bis-hydroxy/methoxy amodimethicones, bis-cetearyl amodimethicone, bis(C13-15 alkoxy) PG amodimethicones, aminopropyl phenyl trimethicones, bis-amino PEG/PPG-41/3 aminoethyl PG-propyl dimethicones, caprylyl methicones, and a mixture thereof. A particularly preferred amino-functionalized silicone is aminopropyl dimethicone.
The total amount of the one or more silicones, preferably one or more amino-functionalized silicones, in the leave-on compositions will vary. Nonetheless, in various embodiments, the total amount of the one or more silicones, preferably one or more amino-functionalized silicones in the leave-on compositions, is from about 0.1 to about 15 wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition. In further embodiments, the total amount of the one or more silicones, preferably amino-functionalized silicones, in the leave-on composition is from about 0.1 to about 12 wt. %, about 0.1 to about 10 wt. %, about 0.1 to about 8 wt. %, about 1 to about 15 wt. %, about 1 to about 12 wt. %, about 1 to about 10 wt. %, about 1 to about 8 wt. %, about 2 to about 15 wt. %, about 2 to about 12 wt. %, about 2 to about 10 wt. %, about 2 to about 8 wt. %, about 3 to about 15 wt. %, about 3 to about 12 wt. %, about 3 to about 10 wt. %, about 3 to about 8 wt. %, about 1 wt. %, about 2 wt. %, about 3 wt. %, about 4 wt. %, about 5 wt. %, about 6 wt. %, about 7 wt. %, about 8 wt. %, or about 10 wt. %, based on a total weight of the leave-on composition.
(ii)(b) Film-Forming Polymers
The one or more film-forming polymer may include one or more nonionic film forming polymers, one or more amphoteric hair film forming polymers, or a combination thereof.
Non-limiting examples of nonionic film-forming polymers include vinylpyrrolidone homopolymers; copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone and of vinyl acetate; polyalkyloxazolines; vinyl acetate homopolymers; copolymers of vinyl acetate and of acrylic ester; copolymers of vinyl acetate and of ethylene; copolymers of vinyl acetate and of maleic ester; copolymers of polyethylene and of maleic anhydride; alkyl acrylate homopolymers and alkyl methacrylate homopolymers; acrylic ester copolymers; copolymers of acrylonitrile and of a non-ionic monomer; and a mixture thereof. In some cases, particularly useful nonionic film-forming polymers include vinylpyrrolidone homopolymers and copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone and of vinyl acetate, for example, polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate (VP/VA) copolymer. In some instances, nonionic film forming polymers of the present disclosure are selected from the group consisting of vinylpyrrolidone homopolymers, copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone and of vinyl acetate, and a mixture thereof. Vinylpyrrolidone homopolymers (INCI name: polyvinylpyrrolidone) are commercially available from Ashland Specialty Ingredients under the tradename PVP K. Copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone and of vinyl acetate (INCI name: VP/VA copolymer) are commercially available from BASF under the tradename Luviskol VA.
Nonlimiting examples of amphoteric film-forming polymers include:
The N-substituted acrylamides or methacrylamides which may be useful are groups in which the alkyl radicals contain from 2 to 12 carbon atoms and more particularly N-ethylacrylamide, N-tert-butylacrylamide, N-tert-octylacrylamide, N-octylacrylamide, N-decylacrylamide, N-dodecylacrylamide and the corresponding methacrylamides.
The acidic comonomers include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid and fumaric acid and alkyl monoesters, having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, of maleic or fumaric acids or anhydrides.
In some cases, preferred basic comonomers are aminoethyl, butylaminoethyl, N,N′-dimethylaminoethyl and N-tert-butylaminoethyl methacrylates. Octylacrylamide/acrylates/butylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer such as the products sold under the name Amphomer or Balance 47 (formerly Lovocryl 47) by the company Akzo Nobel can be used.
The polymers comprising such units can also contain units derived from non-zwitterionic monomers such as dimethyl or diethylaminoethyl acrylate or methacrylate or alkyl acrylates or methacrylates, acrylamides or methacrylamides or vinyl acetate:
By way of example, mention may be made of the copolymer of methyl methacrylate/dimethyl carboxymethylammonio methyl ethylmethacrylate.
-D-X-D-X-D- (I)
-D-X-D-X— (I′)
The amphoteric film-forming polymers which that may be particularly useful are those of family (3), such as the copolymers whose CTFA name is octylacrylamide/acrylates/butylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer, such as the products sold under the names Amphomer LV 71 by the company Akzo Nobel.
In some instances, the one or more amphoteric film-forming polymers are selected from the group consisting of:
In a preferred embodiment, the leave-on compositions include one or more the nonionic associative polyurethane thickeners as the one or more film-forming polymers. The nonionic polyurethane/polyethers may have both at least one hydrophilic moiety and at least one hydrophobic moiety. More particularly, said polymers may contain in their chain both hydrophilic sequences most often of a polyoxyethylenated nature and hydrophobic sequences which may be aliphatic linkages alone and/or cycloaliphatic and/or aromatic linkages. In various embodiments, these polyether-polyurethanes comprise at least two lipophilic hydrocarbon chains, having from 6 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably from 6 to 20, separated by a hydrophilic sequence, it being possible for the hydrocarbon chains to be pendent chains or chains at the end of a hydrophilic sequence. In particular, it is possible for one or more pendent chains to be envisaged. In addition, the polymer may comprise a hydrocarbon chain at one end or at both ends of a hydrophilic sequence.
The polyether-polyurethanes may be polyblocks, in particular in triblock form. The hydrophobic sequences may be at each end of the chain (for example: triblock copolymer with hydrophilic central sequence) or distributed both at the ends and in the chain (polyblock copolymers for example). These same polymers may also be in the form of graft units or may be star shaped.
The nonionic polyether/polyurethanes containing a fatty chain may be triblock copolymers whose hydrophilic sequence is a polyoxyethylenated chain comprising from 50 to 1000 oxyethylenated groups. The nonionic polyether-polyurethanes comprise a urethane bond between the hydrophilic sequences, hence the origin of the name. By extension, those whose hydrophilic sequences are linked by other chemical bonds to the hydrophobic sequences are also included among the nonionic polyether-polyurethanes containing a hydrophobic chain.
Nonlimiting examples of nonionic polyether/polyurethanes containing a hydrophobic chain include Rheolate® 205 containing a urea functional group sold by the company RHEOX or else the Rheolates® 208, 204 or 212, as well as Acrysol RM 184®. Additional products include ELFACOS T210® containing a C12-C14 alkyl chain and the product ELFACOS T212® containing a C18 alkyl chain from AKZO. The product DW 1206B® from ROHM & HAAS containing a C20 alkyl chain and with a urethane bond, sold at 20% dry matter content in water, may also be used.
It is also possible to use solutions or dispersions of these polymers in particular in water or in an aqueous-alcoholic medium. By way of examples of such polymers, there may be mentioned Rheolate® 255, Rheolate® 278 and Rheolate® 244 sold by the company RHEOX. It is also possible to use the product DW 1206F and DW 1206J provided by the company ROHM & HAAS.
As the above-described polyether/polyurethanes, mention may be made of polyurethane/polyethers comprising in their chain at least one polyoxyethylenated hydrophilic block and at least one of hydrophobic blocks containing at least one sequence chosen from aliphatic sequences, cycloaliphatic sequences, and aromatic sequences. In various embodiments, it is preferable that the polyurethane/polyethers comprise at least two hydrocarbon-based lipophilic chains having from 8 to 30 carbon atoms, separated by a hydrophilic block, and wherein the hydrocarbon-based chains are chosen from pendent chains and chains at the end of the hydrophilic block.
In a preferred embodiment, use is made a polyurethane/polyether that may be obtained by polycondensation of at least three compounds comprising (i) at least one polyethylene glycol comprising from 150 to 180 mol of ethylene oxide, (ii) a polyoxyethylenated stearyl alcohol comprising 100 mol of ethylene oxide, and (iii) a diisocyanate. Such polyurethane/polyethers are sold especially by the company Element is under the name Rheolate FX 1100® and Rheoluxe 811®, which is a polycondensate of polyethylene glycol containing 136 mol of ethylene oxide, of stearyl alcohol polyoxyethylenated with 100 mol of ethylene oxide and of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) with a weight-average molecular weight of 40000 (INCI name: PEG-136/Steareth-100/HDI Copolymer).
According to another embodiment, use will be made of a polyurethane/polyether that may be obtained by polycondensation of at least three compounds comprising (i) at least one polyethylene glycol comprising from 150 to 180 mol of ethylene oxide, (ii) stearyl alcohol or decyl alcohol, and (iii) at least one diisocyanate. Such polyurethane/polyethers are sold in particular by the company Rohm & Haas under the names Aculyn 46® and Aculyn 44®.
Aculyn 46® having the INCI name: PEG-150/Stearyl Alcohol/SMDI Copolymer, is a polycondensate of polyethylene glycol comprising 150 or 180 mol of ethylene oxide, of stearyl alcohol and of methylenebis(4-cyclohexyl isocyanate) (SMDI) at 15% by weight in a matrix of maltodextrin (4%) and water (81%) (INCI name: PEG-150/Stearyl Alcohol/SMDI Copolymer). Aculyn 44® (PEG-150/Decyl Alcohol/SMDI Copolymer) is a polycondensate of polyethylene glycol comprising 150 or 180 mol of ethylene oxide, of decyl alcohol and of methylenebis(4-cyclohexyl isocyanate) (SMDI) at 35% by weight in a mixture of propylene glycol (39%) and water (26%) (INCI name: PEG-150/Decyl Alcohol/SMDI Copolymer).
As the associative polyurethanes, it may be preferable to use a compound represented by the following formula (1):
R1—{(O—R2)k—OCONH—R3[—NHCOO—(R4—O)n—R5]h}m (1)
The hydrophobically modified polyurethane represented by the general formula (1) shown above is obtained by, for example, reacting at least one polyether polyol that is represented by the formula R1—[(O—R2)k—OH]m, at least one polyisocyanate that is represented by the formula R3—(NCO)h+1, and at least one polymonoalcohol that is represented by the formula HO—(R4—O)n—R5. In such cases, R1 to R5 in the general formula (1) are determined by the compounds R1—[(O—R2)k—OH]m, R3—(NCO)h+1 and HO—(R4—O)n—R5. The loading ratios among the three compounds are not limited particularly and should preferably be such that the ratio of the isocyanate group derived from the polyisocyanate to the hydroxyl group derived from the polyether polyol and the polyether monoalcohol is selected within the range of NCO/OH of between 0.8:1 and 1.4:1.
The polyether polyol compound that is represented by the formula R1—[(O—R2)k—OH]m and that may be used preferably for obtaining the associative thickener represented by the general formula (1) may be obtained from addition polymerization of an m-hydric polyol with an alkylene oxide, such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, or epichlorohydrin, or with styrene oxide, and the like.
The polyols should preferably be di- to octa-hydric polyols. Examples of the di- to octa-hydric polyols include dihydric alcohols, such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexamethylene glycol, and neopenthyl glycol; trihydric alcohols, such as glycerol, trioxy isobutane, 1,2,3-butanetriol, 1,2,3-pentanetriol, 2-methyl-1,2,3-propanetriol, 2-methyl-2,3,4-butanetriol, 2-ethyl-1,2,3-butanetriol, 2,3,4-pentanetriol, 2,3,4-hexanetriol, 4-propyl-3,4,5-heptanetriol, 2,4-dimethyl-2,3,4-pentanetriol, pentamethylglycerol, pentaglycerol, 1,2,4-butanetriol, 1,2,4-pentanetriol, trimethylolethane, and trimethylolpropane; tetrahydric alcohols, such as pentaerythritol, 1,2,3,4-pentanetetrol, 2,3,4,5-hexanetetrol, 1,2,4,5-pentanetetrol, and 1,3,4,5-hexanetetrol; pentahydric alcohols, such as adonitol, arabitol, and xylitol; hexahydric alcohols, such as dipentaerythritol, sorbitol, mannitol, and iditol; and octahydric alcohols, such as sucrose.
Also, R2 is determined by the alkylene oxide, styrene oxide, or the like, which is subjected to the addition. Particularly, for availability and excellent effects, an alkylene oxide having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, or styrene oxide is preferable.
The alkylene oxide, styrene oxide, or the like, to be subjected to the addition may be subjected to single polymerization, or random polymerization or block polymerization of at least two members. The procedure for the addition may be a conventional procedure. Also, the polymerization degree K may be selected within the range of 0 to 1,000, preferably within the range of 1 to 500, and more preferably within the range of 10 to 200. Further, the ratio of the ethylene group occupying R2 should preferably be within the range of 50 to 100 mass % with respect to the total quantity of R2. In such cases, the associative thickener appropriate for the purposes of the present invention is obtained.
Furthermore, the molecular weight of the polyether polyol compound that is represented by the formula R1—[(O—R2)k—OH]m, should preferably be selected within the range of 500 to 100,000, and should more preferably be selected within the range of 1,000 to 50,000.
The polyisocyanate that is represented by the formula R3—(NCO)h+1 and that may be used preferably for obtaining the hydrophobically modified polyether urethane represented by the general formula (1) employed in accordance with the present invention is not limited particularly in so far as the polyisocyanate has at least two isocyanate groups in the molecule. Examples of the polyisocyanates include aliphatic diisocyanates, aromatic diisocyanates, alicyclic diisocyanates, biphenyl diisocyanate, phenylmethane diisocyanate, phenylmethane triisocyanate, and phenylmethane tetraisocyanate.
Also, it is possible to employ dimers and trimers (isocyanurate bonds) of the above-enumerated polyisocyanates. Further, it is possible to employ biuret obtained by a reaction with an amine.
Furthermore, it is possible to employ a polyisocyanate having a urethane bond obtained by a reaction of the aforesaid polyisocyanate compound and a polyol. As the polyol, di- to octa-hydric polyols are preferable, and the above-enumerated polyols are preferable. In cases where a tri- or higher-hydric polyisocyanate is used as the polyisocyanate that is represented by the formula R3-(NCO)n+1, it is preferable to employ the aforesaid polyisocyanate having the urethane bond.
The polyether monoalcohol that is represented by the formula HO—(R4—O)n—R5 and that may be used preferably for obtaining the hydrophobically modified polyether urethane represented by the general formula (1) employed in accordance with the present invention is not limited particularly in so far as the polyether monoalcohol is a polyether of a straight chain, branched chain, or secondary monohydric alcohol. The polyether monoalcohol may be obtained by addition polymerization of the straight chain, branched chain, or secondary monohydric alcohol with an alkylene oxide, such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, or epichlorohydrin, or with styrene oxide, and the like.
The compound represented by the general formula (1) may be produced by, for example, heating at a temperature of 80 to 90° C. for 1 to 3 hours and thereby causing a reaction to occur in the same manner as that in the ordinary reaction of a polyether and an isocyanate.
As the compound represented by the general formula (1), polyethyleneglycol-240/decyltetradeceth-20/hexamethylene diisocyanate copolymer is preferable. The polyethyleneglycol-240/decyltetradeceth-20/hexamethylene diisocyanate copolymer is referred to also as PEG-240/HDI copolymer bis-decyltetradeceth-20 ether.
In various embodiments, it is preferable that the nonionic associative polyurethane thickener be selected from steareth-100/PEG-136/HDI copolymer sold by the company Rheox under the name of Rheolate FX 1100, PEG-240/HDI copolymer bis-decyltetradeceth-20 ether sold by the company Asahi Denka under the name of Adekanol GT-700, and mixtures thereof.
The amount of the one or more film-forming polymers, if present, will vary. Nonetheless, in various embodiments, the hair styling composition includes about 0.01 to about 10 wt. % of the one or more film-forming polymers, preferably one or more nonionic film-forming polymers, based on a total weight of the hair styling composition. In further embodiments, the hair styling composition includes about 0.01 to about 8 wt. %, about 0.01 to about 6 wt. %, about 0.01 to about 5 wt. %, about 0.01 to about 3 wt. %, about 0.05 to about 10 wt. %, about 0.05 to about 8 wt. %, about 0.05 to about 6 wt. %, about 0.05 to about 5 wt. %, about 0.05 to about 3 wt. %, about 0.1 to about 10 wt. %, about 0.1 to about 8 wt. %, about 0.1 to about 6 wt. %, about 0.1 to about 5 wt. %, about 0.1 to about 3 wt. %. about 0.5 wt. %, about 0.6 wt. %, about 0.8 wt. %, about 0.9 wt. %, about 1 wt. %, or about 1.5 wt. % of the one or more film-forming polymers, preferably nonionic film forming polymers such as nonionic associative polyurethane thickener, based on a total weight of the hair styling composition.
(ii)(c) Water
The leave-on composition is an aqueous composition, typically containing a substantial amount of water. For example, in various embodiments, the leave-on composition includes about 50 to about 90 wt. % of water, based on a total weight of the composition. In further embodiments, the leave-on compositions include about 60 to about 90 wt. %, about 70 to about 90 wt. %, about 75 to about 90 wt. %, about 50 to about 85 wt. %, about 60 to about 85 wt. %, about 70 to about 85 wt. %, about 75 to about 85 wt. %, about 50 to about 80 wt. %, about 60 to about 80 wt. %, about 70 to about 80 wt. %, about 75 to about 80 wt. %, about 65 to about 85 wt. %, about 70 wt. %, about 72 wt. %, about 75 wt. %, about 76 wt. %, about 78 wt. %, about 80 wt. %, or about 82 wt. %, based on the total weight of the compositions.
(ii)(d) Non-Silicone Fatty Compound
The term “non-silicone fatty compound” is interchangeable with the term “non-silicone-based fatty compound” and means an organic compound without silicone that is insoluble in water at ordinary temperature (25° C.) and at atmospheric pressure (760 mmHg), i.e. which has a solubility of less than 5%, preferably less than 1% and even more preferentially less than 0.1%. They have in their structure a hydrocarbon-based chain containing at least 6 carbon atoms.
More particularly, the one or more non-silicone-based fatty compounds may be selected from C6-C16 hydrocarbons, hydrocarbons containing more than 16 carbon atoms, non-silicone oils of animal origin, plant oils of triglyceride type, synthetic triglycerides, fluoro oils, fatty alcohols, non-salified fatty acids, fatty acid and/or fatty alcohol esters other than triglycerides and plant waxes, non-silicone waxes and silicones, and mixtures thereof.
Fatty alcohols, fatty esters and fatty acids more particularly contain one or more linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon-based groups comprising 6 to 30 carbon atoms, which are optionally substituted, in particular, with one or more (in particular 1 to 4) hydroxyl groups. If they are unsaturated, these compounds may comprise one to three conjugated or unconjugated carbon-carbon double bonds.
As regards the C6-C16 hydrocarbons, they are linear, branched or optionally cyclic, and are preferably alkanes. Examples that may be mentioned include hexane, dodecane and isoparaffins such as isohexadecane and isodecane.
A hydrocarbon-based oil of animal origin that may be mentioned is perhydrosqualene.
The triglyceride oils of plant or synthetic origin are preferably chosen from liquid fatty acid triglycerides comprising from 6 to 30 carbon atoms, for instance heptanoic or octanoic acid triglycerides, or alternatively, for example, sunflower oil, corn oil, soybean oil, marrow oil, grapeseed oil, sesame seed oil, hazelnut oil, apricot oil, macadamia oil, arara oil, castor oil, avocado oil, caprylic/capric acid triglycerides, for instance those sold by the company Stearineries Dubois or those sold under the names Miglyol® 810, 812 and 818 by the company Dynamit Nobel, jojoba oil and shea butter oil.
The linear or branched hydrocarbons of mineral or synthetic origin containing more than 16 carbon atoms are preferably chosen from liquid paraffins, petroleum jelly, liquid petroleum jelly, polydecenes and hydrogenated polyisobutene such as Parleam®.
The fluoro oils may be chosen from perfluoromethylcyclopentane and perfluoro-1,3-dimethylcyclohexane, sold under the names Flutec® PC1 and Flutec® PC3 by the company BNFL Fluorochemicals; perfluoro-1,2-dimethylcyclobutane; perfluoroalkanes such as dodecafluoropentane and tetradecafluorohexane, sold under the names PF 5050® and PF 5060® by the company 3M, or bromoperfluorooctyl sold under the name Foralkyl® by the company Atochem; nonafluoromethoxybutane and nonafluoroethoxyisobutane; perfluoromorpholine derivatives such as 4-trifluoromethyl perfluoromorpholine sold under the name PF 5052® by the company 3M.
The fatty alcohols that may be used in the cosmetic composition of step a) are saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched alcohols comprising from 6 to 30 carbon atoms and more particularly from 8 to 30 carbon atoms, among which mention may be made, for example, of cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol and the mixture thereof (cetylstearyl alcohol or cetearyl alcohol), octyldodecanol, 2-butyloctanol, 2-hexyldecanol, 2-undecylpentadecanol, oleyl alcohol or linoleyl alcohol.
The non-salified fatty acids that may be used in the cosmetic composition of step a) may be saturated or unsaturated carboxylic acids comprising from 6 to 30 carbon atoms and in particular from 9 to 30 carbon atoms. They are more particularly chosen from myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, behenic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and isostearic acid.
These acids are not salified. This means that they are introduced in the form of free acids and that the composition does not comprise any alkaline agent leading to their salification.
The esters of fatty acids and/or of fatty alcohols, advantageously different from the triglycerides mentioned above, which may be used in the cosmetic composition used in step a) are esters of saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched C1-C26 aliphatic mono- or polyacids and of saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched C1-C26 aliphatic mono- or polyalcohols, the total carbon number of the esters more particularly being greater than or equal to 10. Among the monoesters, mention may be made of dihydroabietyl behenate; octyldodecyl behenate; isocetyl behenate; cetyl lactate; C12-C15 alkyl lactate; isostearyl lactate; lauryl lactate; linoleyl lactate; oleyl lactate; (iso) stearyl octanoate; isocetyl octanoate; octyl octanoate; cetyl octanoate; decyl oleate; isocetyl isostearate; isocetyl laurate; isocetyl stearate; isodecyl octanoate; isodecyl oleate; isononyl isononanoate; isostearyl palmitate; methylacetyl ricinoleate; myristyl stearate; octyl isononanoate; 2-ethylhexyl isononate; octyl palmitate; octyl pelargonate; octyl stearate; octyldodecyl erucate; oleyl erucate; ethyl and isopropyl palmitates, 2-ethylhexyl palmitate, 2-octyldecyl palmitate, alkyl myristates such as isopropyl, butyl, cetyl, 2-octyldodecyl, myristyl or stearyl myristate, hexyl stearate, butyl stearate, isobutyl stearate; dioctyl malate, hexyl laurate, 2-hexyldecyl laurate.
Still within the context of this variant, esters of C4-C22 dicarboxylic or tricarboxylic acids and of C1-C22 alcohols and esters of mono-, di- or tricarboxylic acids and of C2-C26 di-, tri-, tetra- or pentahydroxy alcohols may also be used.
Mention may be made in particular of: diethyl sebacate; diisopropyl sebacate; diisopropyl adipate; di-n-propyl adipate; dioctyl adipate; diisostearyl adipate; dioctyl maleate; glyceryl undecylenate; octyldodecyl stearoyl stearate; pentaerythrityl monoricinoleate; pentaerythrityl tetraisononanoate; pentaerythrityl tetrapelargonate; pentaerythrityl tetraisostearate; pentaerythrityl tetraoctanoate; propylene glycol dicaprylate; propylene glycol dicaprate, tridecyl erucate; triisopropyl citrate; triisostearyl citrate; glyceryl trilactate; glyceryl trioctanoate; trioctyldodecyl citrate; trioleyl citrate, propylene glycol dioctanoate; neopentyl glycol diheptanoate; diethylene glycol diisononanoate; and polyethylene glycol distearates.
Among the esters mentioned above, it is preferred to use ethyl, isopropyl, myristyl, cetyl or stearyl palmitates, 2-ethylhexyl palmitate, 2-octyldecyl palmitate, alkyl myristates such as isopropyl, butyl, cetyl or 2-octyldodecyl myristate, hexyl stearate, butyl stearate, isobutyl stearate; dioctyl malate, hexyl laurate, 2-hexyldecyl laurate, isononyl isononanoate or cetyl octanoate.
The esters according to this variant may also be chosen from monoesters, diesters, triesters, tetraesters and polyesters, and mixtures thereof. These esters may be, for example, oleates, laurates, palmitates, myristates, behenates, cocoates, stearates, linoleates, linolenates, caprates and arachidonates, or mixtures thereof such as, especially, oleopalmitate, oleostearate and palmitostearate mixed esters. More particularly, use is made of monoesters and diesters and in particular mono- or di-oleate, -stearate, -behenate, -oleopalmitate, -linoleate, -linolenate or -oleostearate of sucrose, glucose or methylglucose.
The non-silicone wax(es) that may be used in the cosmetic composition used in step a) are chosen especially from carnauba wax, candelilla wax, esparto grass wax, hydrocarbon waxes including paraffin wax, ozokerite and microcrystalline wax, plant waxes such as olive wax, rice wax, hydrogenated jojoba wax or the absolute waxes of flowers such as the essential wax of blackcurrant blossom sold by the company Bertin (France), animal waxes, for instance beeswaxes or modified beeswaxes (cerabellina); other waxes or waxy starting materials that may be used according to the invention are especially marine waxes such as the product sold by the company Sophim under the reference M82, and polyethylene waxes or polyolefin waxes in general.
In a preferred embodiment, the one or more non-silicone-based fatty compounds are selected from oils, waxes, linear or branched alkanes, fatty esters, esters of fatty acids, esters of fatty alcohols, cetyl esters, triglycerides, or a mixture thereof.
The total amount of the one or more non-silicone-based fatty compounds in the leave-on compositions, if present, will vary. Nonetheless, in various embodiments, the leave-on compositions include about 0.1 to about 20 wt. % of the one or more non-silicone-based fatty compounds, based on the total weight of the compositions. In further embodiments, the compositions include about 0.1 to about 15 wt. %, about 0.1 to about 12 wt. %, about 0.1 to about 10 wt. %, about 0.1 to about 8 wt. %, about 0.5 to about 20 wt. %, about 0.5 to about 15 wt. %, about 0.5 to about 12 wt. %, about 0.5 to about 10 wt. %, about 0.5 to about 8 wt. %, about 1 to about 20 wt. %, about 1 to about 15 wt. %, about 1 to about 12 wt. %, about 1 to about 10 wt. %, about 1 to about 8 wt. %, about 2 to about 20 wt. %, about 2 to about 15 wt. %, about 2 to about 12 wt. %, about 2 to about 10 wt. %, about 2 to about 8 wt. %, about 3 to about 20 wt. %, about 3 to about 15 wt. %, about 3 to about 12 wt. %, about 3 to about 10 wt. %, about 3 to about 8 wt. %, about 5 to about 20 wt. %, about 5 to about 15 wt. %, about 5 to about 12 wt. %, about 5 to about 10 wt. %, about 5 to about 8 wt. %, about 5 wt. %, about 6 wt. %, about 7 wt. %, about 8 wt. %, about 9 wt. %, or about 10 wt. %, based on the total weight of the compositions.
(ii)(e) Polysaccharide
The term “polysaccharides” refers to compounds containing a backbone of repeating sugar (i.e., carbohydrate) units. The polysaccharides may be cationic, nonionic, or anionic. In various embodiments, the polysaccharides are preferably nonionic polysaccharides.
Nonlimiting examples of polysaccharides include starches, gums, celluloses, and a mixtures thereof. Nonlimiting examples of starches include modified starches, starch-based polymers, methylhydroxypropyl starch, potato starch, wheat starch, rice starch, starch crosslinked with octenyl succinic anhydride (sold under the name Dry-Flo by National Starch), starch oxide, dialdehyde starch, dextrin, British gum, acetyl starch, starch phosphate, carboxymethyl starch, hydroxyethyl starch, and hydroxypropyl starch.
Nonlimiting examples of cellulose-based polymers include cellulose, carboxymethyl hydroxyethylcellulose, cellulose acetate propionate carboxylate, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxyethyl ethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, methyl hydroxyethylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium cellulose sulfate, and mixtures thereof. Also useful herein are the alkyl-substituted celluloses. Preferred among the alkyl hydroxyalkyl cellulose ethers is the material given the CTFA designation cetyl hydroxyethylcellulose, which is the ether of cetyl alcohol and hydroxyethylcellulose. This material is sold under the tradename NATROSOL CS Plus from Aqualon Corporation.
In various embodiments, the polysaccharides are preferably selected from scleroglucans comprising a linear chain of (1-3) linked glucose units with a (1-6) linked glucose every three units, a commercially available example of which is CLEAROGEL. CS1 1 from Michel Mercier Products Inc.
Nonlimiting examples of gums include acacia, agar, algin, alginic acid, ammonium alginate, amylopectin, calcium alginate, calcium carrageenan, carnitine, carrageenan, dextrin, gelatin, gellan gum, guar gum, hectorite, hyaluronic acid, hydrated silica, hydroxypropyl chitosan, hydroxypropyl guar, karaya gum, kelp, locust bean gum, natto gum, potassium alginate, potassium carrageenan, propylene glycol alginate, sclerotium gum, sodium carboxymethyl dextran, sodium carrageenan, tragacanth gum, xanthan gum, biosacharide gum, and mixtures thereof.
In various embodiments, the one or more polysaccharides are selected from hydroxypropyl starch phosphate, potato starch (modified or unmodified), wheat starch, rice starch, hydroxyethyl cellulose, guar gum, hydroxypropyl guar, xanthan gum, sclerotium gum, and a mixture thereof. In yet further embodiments, the polysaccharide is hydroxypropyl starch phosphate. Hydroxypropyl starch phosphate is sold under the tradename of STRUCTURE ZEA by the company Akzo Nobel. In a preferred embodiment, at least one of the one or more polysaccharides is sclerotium gum.
The total amount of the one or more polysaccharides in the leave-on compositions will vary. Nonetheless, in various embodiments, the compositions include about 0.1 to about 8 wt. % of the one or more polysaccharides, based on the total weight of the composition. In further embodiments, the leave-on compositions include about 0.1 to about 6 wt. %, about 0.1 to about 5 wt. %, about 0.1 to about 4 wt. %, about 0.1 to about 3 wt. %, about 0.1 to about 2 wt. %, about 0.2 to about 8 wt. %, about 0.2 to about 6 wt. %, about 0.2 to about 5 wt. %, about 0.2 to about 4 wt. %, about 0.2 to about 3 wt. %, about 0.2 to about 2 wt. %, about 0.3 to about 8 wt. %, about 0.3 to about 6 wt. %, about 0.3 to about 5 wt. %, about 0.3 to about 5 wt. %, about 0.3 to about 4 wt. %, about 0.3 to about 3 wt. %, about 0.3 to about 2 wt. %, about 0.2 wt. %, about 0.3 wt. %, about 0.4 wt. %, about 0.5 wt. %, about 0.6 wt. %, about 0.7 wt. %, or about 0.8 wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition.
(ii)(f) Water-Soluble Organic Solvent
The term “water soluble organic solvent” is interchangeable with the terms “water soluble solvent” and “water-miscible solvent” and means a compound that is liquid at 25° C. and at atmospheric pressure (760 mmHg), and it has a solubility of at least 50% in water under these conditions. In some cases, the water-soluble solvents has a solubility of at least 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90%. Non-limiting examples of water-soluble solvents include, for example, organic solvents selected from glycerin, alcohols (for example C1-8, or C1-4 alcohols), polyols (polyhydric alcohols), glycols, and a mixture thereof.
Nonlimiting examples of water-soluble organic solvents. Non-limiting examples of water-soluble organic solvents include, for example, organic solvents selected from glycerin, alcohols (for example, C1-10, C1-8, or C1-4 alcohols), polyols (polyhydric alcohols), glycols, and a mixture thereof. Nonlimiting examples of monoalcohols and polyols include ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, and phenylethyl alcohol, or glycols or glycol ethers such as, for example, monomethyl, monoethyl and monobutyl ethers of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol or ethers thereof such as, for example, monomethyl ether of propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol, dipropylene glycol as well as alkyl ethers of diethylene glycol, for example monoethyl ether or monobutyl ether of diethylene glycol. Other suitable examples of organic solvents are ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol, propane diol, and glycerin.
Further non-limiting examples of water soluble organic solvents include alkanediols (polyhydric alcohols) such as glycerin, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, trimethylolpropane, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, pentaethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, 2-butene-1,4-diol, 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol, 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, (caprylyl glycol), 1,2-hexanediol, 1,2-pentanediol, and 4-methyl-1,2-pentanediol; alkyl alcohols having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as ethanol, methanol, butanol, propanol, and isopropanol; glycol ethers such as ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol mono-n-propyl ether, ethylene glycol mono-iso-propyl ether, diethylene glycol mono-iso-propyl ether, ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether, ethylene glycol mono-t-butyl ether, diethylene glycol mono-t-butyl ether, 1-methyl-1-methoxybutanol, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol mono-t-butyl ether, propylene glycol mono-n-propyl ether, propylene glycol mono-iso-propyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monoethyl ether, dipropylene glycol mono-n-propyl ether, and dipropylene glycol mono-iso-propyl ether; 2-pyrrolidone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, formamide, acetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, sorbit, sorbitan, acetine, diacetine, triacetine, sulfolane, and a mixture thereof.
Polyhydric alcohols are useful. Examples of polyhydric alcohols include glycerin, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, 1,3-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 3-methyl-1,3-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, tetraethylene glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, polyethylene glycol, 1,2,4-butanetriol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, and a mixture thereof. Polyol compounds may also be used. Non-limiting examples include the aliphatic diols, such as 2-ethyl-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 3,3-dimethyl-1,2-butanediol, 2,2-diethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-methyl-2-propyl-1,3-propanediol, 2,4-dimethyl-2,4-pentanediol, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-hexanediol, 5-hexene-1,2-diol, and 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol, and a mixture thereof.
In a preferred embodiment, the composition include one or more glycols selected from glycerin, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, pentylene glycol, hexylene glycol, caprylyl glycol, dipropylene glycol, and mixtures thereof.
The total amount of the one or more water soluble solvents in the compositions, if present, will vary. Nonetheless, in various embodiments, the compositions include about 0.1 to about 20 wt. % of the one or more water soluble solvents, based on the total weight of the compositions. In further embodiments, the compositions include about 0.1 to about 15 wt. %, about 0.1 to about 10 wt. %, about 0.5 to about 20 wt. %, about 0.5 to about 15 wt. %, about 0.5 to about 10 wt. %, about 1 to about 20 wt. %, about 1 to about 15 wt. %, about 1 to about 10 wt. %, about 2 to about 20 wt. %, about 2 to about 15 wt. %, about 2 to about 10 wt. %, about 5 to about 20 wt. %, about 5 to about 15 wt. %, or about 5 to about 10 wt. %, based on the total weight of the compositions.
(ii)(g) Miscellaneous Ingredient
The leave-on compositions optionally include or exclude (or are essentially free from) one or more miscellaneous ingredients. Miscellaneous ingredients are ingredients that are compatible with the leave-on treatment compositions and do not disrupt or materially affect the basic and novel properties of the compositions. A nonlimiting description of various miscellaneous ingredients are set forth above, under the heading, “(i)(i) Miscellaneous Ingredients,” which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
The total amount of the one or more miscellaneous ingredients in the leave-on compositions, if present, will vary. Nonetheless, in various embodiments, the leave-on compositions include about 0.1 to about 15 wt. % of the one or more miscellaneous ingredients, based on the total weight of the compositions. In further embodiments, the compositions include about 0.1 to about 12 wt. %, about 0.1 to about 10 wt. %, about 0.1 to about 5 wt. %, about 0.5 to about 15 wt. %, about 0.5 to about 12 wt. %, about 0.5 to about 10 wt. %, about 0.5 to about 8 wt. %, about 0.5 to about 5 wt. %, about 1 to about 15 wt. %, about 1 to about 12 wt. %, about 1 to about 10 wt. %, about 1 to about 8 wt. %, about 1 to about 5 wt. %, about 2 to about 15 wt. %, about 2 to about 12 wt. %, about 2 to about 10 wt. %, about 2 to about 8 wt. %, or about 2 to about 5 wt. %, based on the total weight of the compositions.
pH
The pH of the composition can vary. Nonetheless, in various embodiments, a pH less than 7 (an acidic pH) is desirable. For example, the pH can be from about 3 to about 6.5, about 3 to about 6, about 3 to about 5.5, about 3 to about 5, about 3 to about 4.5, about 3.5 to about 6.5, about 3.5 to about 6, about 3.5 to about 5.5, about 3.5 to about 5, or about 3.5 to about 4.5, about 4 to about 6.5, about 4 to about 6, about 4 to about 5.5, about 4 to about 5, about 4.5 to about 6.5, about 4.5 to about 6, about 4.5 to about 5.5, or about 4.5 to about 5, preferably about 4.5 to about 5.5.
After application of the leave-on composition to the hair, the hair can be dried, for example, with a blow dryer. Alternatively, the hair can dry naturally. The thermal heat treatment typically occurs at a temperature of about 150 to about 300° C. In various embodiments, the heat treatment occurs at a temperature of about 150 to about 280° C., about 180 to about 300° C., about 180 to about 280° C., about 200 to about 300° C., about 200 to about 280° C., about 200 to about 260° C., about 200 to about 250° C., about 210 to about 300° C., about 210 to about 280° C., about, 180° C., about 190° C., about 200° C., about 210° C., about 220° C., about 230° C., about 240° C., about 250° C. or about 260° C.
In various embodiments, the heat treatment includes treating the hair with a hot iron, for example, a curling iron or a flat iron. The hot iron can be passed over the hair once or multiple times, for example, one or more passes, two or more passes, three or more passes, or four or more passes.
In various embodiments, the methods according to the instant disclosure comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of:
Implementation of the present disclosure is provided by way of the following examples. The examples serve to illustrate the technology without being limiting in nature.
To determine how treatment with the Inventive Composition C and with the Comparative Compositions A and B influences hair, testing was carried out on commercially available hair swatches (CP3 bleached hair, 2 gm, 15 cm). All hair swatches were initially cleansed with a standard shampoo prior to treatment with one of compositions A-C. About 0.4 grams of one of each composition per gram of hair was applied to the cleansed hair swatches and distributed evenly throughout the hair. After distribution throughout the hair, the compositions were allowed to remain on the hair for 10 minutes, then thoroughly rinsed from the hair. The hair swatches were then blow dried and treated with a flat iron (180° C.). The flat iron was passed over the hair swatches three times for 10 seconds for each pass (the flat iron was passed along the distance of the hair swatches (15 cm) over a period of 10 seconds per pass). The swatches were evaluated, and pictures of the hair swatches are provided in
Following humidity treatments, the swatches were again cleansed with the standard shampoo and evaluated. Pictures of the swatches are provided in
The foregoing description illustrates and describes the disclosure. Additionally, the disclosure shows and describes only the preferred embodiments. However, as mentioned above, it is to be understood that it is capable to use in various other combinations, modifications, and environments and is capable of changes or modifications within the scope of the invention concepts as expressed herein, commensurate with the above teachings and/or the skill or knowledge of the relevant art. The embodiments described herein above are further intended to explain best modes known by applicant and to enable others skilled in the art to utilize the disclosure in such, or other, embodiments and with the various modifications required by the particular applications or uses thereof. Accordingly, the description is not intended to limit the invention to the form disclosed herein. Also, it is intended to the appended claims be construed to include alternative embodiments.
As used herein, the terms “comprising,” “having,” and “including” are used in their open, non-limiting sense.
The terms “a,” “an,” and “the” are understood to encompass the plural as well as the singular. Thus, the term “a mixture thereof” also relates to “mixtures thereof.” Throughout the disclosure, the term “a mixture thereof” is used, following a list of elements as shown in the following example where letters A-F represent the elements: “one or more elements selected from the group consisting of A, B, C, D, E, F, and a mixture thereof.” The term, “a mixture thereof” does not require that the mixture include all of A, B, C, D, E, and F (although all of A, B, C, D, E, and F may be included). Rather, it indicates that a mixture of any two or more of A, B, C, D, E, and F can be included. In other words, it is equivalent to the phrase “one or more elements selected from the group consisting of A, B, C, D, E, F, and a mixture of any two or more of A, B, C, D, E, and F.”
Likewise, the term “a salt thereof” also relates to “salts thereof.” Thus, where the disclosure refers to “an element selected from the group consisting of A, B, C, D, E, F, a salt thereof, and a mixture thereof,” it indicates that that one or more of A, B, C, D, and F may be included, one or more of a salt of A, a salt of B, a salt of C, a salt of D, a salt of E, and a salt of F may be included, or a mixture of any two of A, B, C, D, E, F, a salt of A, a salt of B, a salt of C, a salt of D, a salt of E, and a salt of F may be included.
The salts referred to throughout the disclosure may include salts having a counter-ion such as an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, or ammonium counterion. This list of counterions, however, is non-limiting. Appropriate counterions for the components described herein are known in the art.
The expression “one or more” means “at least one” and thus includes individual components as well as mixtures/combinations.
The term “plurality” means “more than one” or “two or more.”
Other than in the operating examples, or where otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities of ingredients and/or reaction conditions may be modified in all instances by the term “about,” meaning within +/−5% of the indicated number.
All percentages, parts and ratios herein are based upon the total weight of the compositions of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated.
Some of the various categories of components identified may overlap. In such cases where overlap may exist and the composition includes both components (or the composition includes more than two components that overlap), an overlapping compound does not represent more than one component. For example, certain compounds may be considered both a nonionic surfactant or emulsifier and a fatty compound. If a particular composition includes both a nonionic surfactant or emulsifier and a fatty compound, a single compound will serve as only the nonionic surfactant or emulsifier or only as the fatty compound (the single compound does not simultaneously serve as both the nonionic surfactant or emulsifier and the fatty component).
A “rinse-off” product refers to a composition that is rinsed and/or washed from the hair with water either after or during the application of the composition onto the hair, and before drying and/or styling the hair. At least a portion of the composition is removed from the hair during the rinsing and/or washing.
A “leave-on” product refers to a composition that is not rinsed and/or washed from the hair after or during application of the composition onto the hair. The composition remains on the hair during drying and/or throughout styling.
As used herein, all ranges provided are meant to include every specific range within, and combination of sub ranges between, the given ranges. Thus, a range from 1-5, includes specifically 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, as well as sub ranges such as 2-5, 3-5, 2-3, 2-4, 1-4, etc. All ranges and values disclosed herein are inclusive and combinable. For examples, any value or point described herein that falls within a range described herein can serve as a minimum or maximum value to derive a sub-range, etc.
The composition of the instant case optionally include one or more surfactants and/or emulsifiers, for example, one or more nonionic, anionic, cationic, and/or amphoteric/zwitterionic surfactants. The term “surfactants” and “emulsifiers” include salts of the surfactants and emulsifiers even if not explicitly stated. In other words, whenever the disclosure refers to a surfactant or emulsifier, it is intended that salts are also encompassed to the extent such salts exist, even though the specification may not specifically refer to a salt (or may not refer to a salt in every instance throughout the disclosure), for example, by using language such as “a salt thereof” or “salts thereof.” Sodium and potassium are common cations that form salts with surfactants and emulsifiers. However, additional cations such as ammonium ions, or alkanolammonium ions such as monoethanolammonium or triethanolammonium ions, may also form salts of surfactants.
The term “substantially free” or “essentially free” as used herein means that there is less than about 2% by weight of a specific material added to a composition, based on the total weight of the compositions. Nonetheless, the compositions may include less than about 1 wt. %, less than about 0.5 wt. %, less than about 0.1 wt. %, or none of the specified material.
All components that are positively set forth in the instant disclosure may be negatively excluded from the claims, e.g., a claimed composition may be “free,” “essentially free” (or “substantially free”) of one or more components that are positively set forth in the instant disclosure.
All publications and patent applications cited in this specification are herein incorporated by reference, and for any and all purposes, as if each individual publication or patent application were specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference. In the event of an inconsistency between the present disclosure and any publications or patent application incorporated herein by reference, the present disclosure controls.
