This invention relates generally to packaging for products requiring a humidity-controlled environment. More particularly, the invention relates to various embodiments of a tamper evident container, e.g., vial, having a humectant-containing compartment and another compartment configured for containing humidity-sensitive product, wherein humectant in the humectant-containing compartment regulates humidity in the product compartment. The container is optionally used to store and preserve cannabis or a cannabis-containing substance.
Cannabis, a.k.a., marijuana, is listed as a Schedule 1 substance under the Controlled Substances Act of 1970. The U.S. federal government thus officially regards cannabis as having high potential for abuse and no established medical use. However, various states and localities have passed laws allowing use of cannabis for medical purposes and some even for recreational use. In states or localities where cannabis is legal for some purpose, there are still typically regulations limiting its use and the manner in which it may be transported. For example, some states and localities have passed laws (known as “open container laws”) against transporting, via motor vehicle, cannabis that is not contained in its original sealed packaging.
In addition, to preserve the useful life of cannabis, it is ideal that the substance be contained in an environment having a certain relative humidity. Typically, cannabis is best maintained at a relative humidity of 60%-65%. However, for some applications, a greater or lesser relative humidity may be appropriate.
There is thus a need for a cannabis container that maintains a desired relative humidity, which is simple to manufacture and optionally provides a tamper evident feature that helps facilitate open-container compliant possession and transport of cannabis.
Accordingly, in one aspect, the invention is directed to a method for storing and preserving cannabis or cannabis-containing substances (or potentially other items, e.g., tobacco, requiring a predetermined relative humidity for preserving useful product life). The method includes providing a container assembly and storing the cannabis or cannabis-containing substance(s) therein. The assembly includes a lid and a container body, wherein the lid is configured to be closed onto the container body over an opening of the container body. The opening provides access to an interior space having a product compartment adapted to store product. The assembly also includes a humectant compartment permanently secured within the assembly (as opposed to loosely disposed within, e.g., in the form of a rigid canister or flexible sachet). The humectant compartment includes a rigid housing containing a humectant solution. The rigid housing is configured within the assembly to prevent leaking of the humectant solution into the product compartment while facilitating bidirectional transmission of moisture between the humectant compartment and the product compartment. The humectant solution regulates relative humidity of the product compartment to maintain the relative humidity at a predetermined level.
In another aspect, the invention is directed to methods of making container assemblies. According to one optional method, a container body and a lid configured to be closed onto the container body over an opening of the container body, are provided. The opening provides access to an interior space having a product compartment adapted to store product. The method further includes providing a humectant compartment that is permanently secured within the body or the lid, the humectant compartment including a rigid housing. While the lid is in an open position or not secured to the container body, a pre-determined volume of humectant solution is fed, in a filling process, into the rigid housing. The rigid housing is optionally closed with a rigid housing cover interfacing with the rigid housing with a mechanical tolerance that provides liquid impermeability and moisture permeability and/or a housing cover that is liquid impermeable and moisture permeable. Additional methods of making container assemblies according to the invention are disclosed and contemplated.
The invention will be described in conjunction with the following drawings in which like reference numerals designate like elements and wherein:
One optional aspect of the invention is a tamper evident feature or mechanism, which provides a visual indication as to whether or not a container according to the invention has been opened after initial filling of contents. An exemplary embodiment of such a tamper evident feature is described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,398,067, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
A tamper evident feature, substantially as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,398,067, or in alternative embodiments, should provide a visual indication that: (a) when not broken, the container's lid has not been opened post initial filling of contents; and (b) when broken, the container lid has been opened post initial filling of contents thus providing a visual indicator that the container was tampered with. Tamper evident features that may be used in accordance with the invention, may provide a breakable structure securing the lid in a closed position on the container body. If the breakable structure is broken or has its structural integrity otherwise compromised, that serves as visually confirmable evidence that the container has been tampered with.
Referring now in detail to the various figures of the drawings wherein like reference numerals refer to like parts, there are shown in
The hinge 34 is also attached at or near the container flange 14. In one embodiment, the hinge 34 has a recess 35 that functions as a bending point for ease of opening and closing of the container 10. Suitable material for assembly 10 includes plastic (e.g. thermoplastic, such as polypropylene and polyethylene). In an embodiment, the lid 30 and the container 10 may be integrally molded of the plastic to form a hinge 34 there-between. In another embodiment, the lid 30 and the container 10 may be produced in a molding process and, in still another embodiment, may be molded in accordance with the mold and/or using a molding process similar to those disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,783,056 and 4,812,116 respectively, which are incorporated by reference in their entireties. In a further embodiment, the lid 30 and container 10 may be produced in accordance with U.S. Pat No. RE37,676, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. In an optional embodiment, the lid and container are not integral and are assembled together, e.g. at or by the hinge 34.
Subsequently, a user would break the tamper evident seal by applying sufficient frontal upward force to allow the interlocking device 43 of the second slot 42 to engage the contact element 21 of the second slot 42 and to engage the contact element 21 of the protrusion 20 to detach the protrusion 20 from the flange 14 at the break point 22.
It is understood that the design of break point 22 is such that, when sufficient frontal upward force is applied to the lid to open the vial, the protrusion must fail (e.g. break) at break point 22 prior to any failure between the engagement of protrusion 20 with interlocking device 43. Consequently, in one embodiment, break point 22 width is sufficiently narrow to break when sufficient frontal upward force is applied to open the vial while, at the same time, is sufficiently flexible and of suitable design to allow for: (a) protrusion 20 to be moved from the first slot to the second slot without breakage; and (b) protrusion 20 to remain engaged with interlocking device 43 while sufficient force is applied to open the vial and break at break point 22.
Interlocking device 43 may be any design that is able to directly mate with protrusion 20 and remain engaged even when sufficient frontal force is applied to cause a break at break point 22. Such interlocking devices may include teeth, flexible projections and suitable wedge-like shapes.
The foregoing discussion regarding the interlocking device 43 describes an optional embodiment of a tamper evident mechanism that may be incorporated into a container assembly according to the present invention.
The present invention is not limited to flip-top vials. For example, a container assembly according to the invention may include a vial or other type of container having a fully removable lid without a hinge, such as screw-on, snap-on or stopper-type. However, the preferred embodiments, as disclosed herein and as illustrated in the accompanying drawing figures, are flip-top container assemblies, more particularly flip-top vials or vial assemblies. The different embodiments of vial assemblies (or more generically, container assemblies) according to the invention disclosed herein include distinguishing features. However, they also include certain generally common features between them (“common” as in the presence of such features, although they may differ in their details). These common features are now described simultaneously with reference to the different flip-top vial embodiments described herein. Distinguishing features of each of these embodiments will be explained, where necessary.
Referring now to
The body 104, 204 has a generally tubular sidewall 114, 214 with a base 102, 202 axially spaced from the opening 108, 208. The body 104, 204 as shown in the figures is generally round, however other cross-sectional shapes are contemplated as well, e.g., elliptical.
A hinge 116, 216 may link the body 104, 204 and the lid 112, 212. The hinge 116, 216 can be configured to orient the lid 112, 212 to seat on the body 104, 204 when the lid 112, 212 and body 104, 204 are pivoted together. The lid 112, 212 comprises a base 118, 218 and a skirt 120, 220 extending from the base 118, 218. A lid sealing surface 122, 222 may be positioned around the periphery of the interior of the lid 112, 212. When the lid 112, 212 is seated on the body 104, 204 in a closed position, the lid sealing surface 122, 222 may be configured to mate with a complementary body sealing surface 124, 224 about the outer periphery of the body 104, 204, adjacent the opening 108, 208. Such mating configuration optionally forms a liquid tight or moisture tight seal, isolating the interior space 110, 210 from ambient conditions. However, as further described herein, applications for containers according to the invention may not require liquid tight or moisture tight features. In fact, for some applications, it may be preferred that moisture can travel freely between the ambient environment and the interior space 110, 210.
As used herein, the term “moisture-tight” is defined as having a moisture ingress (after three days) of less than 1500 micrograms of water, preferably less than about 750 micrograms of water, more preferably less than about 250 micrograms of water, determined by the following test method: (a) place one gram plus or minus 0.25 grams of molecular sieve in the container and record the weight; (b) fully close the container; (c) place the closed container in an environmental chamber at conditions of 80% relative humidity and 72° F.; (c) after one day, weigh the container containing the molecular sieve; (d) after four days, weigh the container containing the molecular sieve; and (e) subtract the first day sample from the fourth day sample to calculate the moisture ingress of the container in units of micrograms of water.
As used herein, the term “liquid tight” means that the container assembly, when closed and sealed, passes the blue crystal dye test. The blue crystal dye test is a visual test to detect leaks within a container seal. A container “passes” the blue crystal dye test if the white paper, in which the container is placed on, does not visually change color (i.e., the white paper does not become contaminated with the blue crystal dye liquid from the container). The blue crystal dye test procedure consists of the following: (a) the blue crystal dye liquid is prepared by adding one teaspoon of blue crystal dye powder to one gallon of alcohol and then thoroughly mixing the solution; (b) the blue crystal dye liquid is poured into the container (i.e., a sufficient amount of the dye liquid must be added so, when the container is placed upside down, the entire seal area must be covered); (c) the container is closed and sealed; (d) the container is placed upside down (i.e., inverted) on the white paper at room temperature; and (e) after 30 minutes, the white paper is inspected to determine if the white paper is contaminated with the blue crystal dye liquid.
A tamper evident mechanism 126, 226 is optionally provided on the assembly 100, 200 at an interface between the lid 112, 212 and the body 104, 204 to secure the lid 112, 212 in a closed position on the body 104, 204. The tamper evident mechanism 126, 226 may be substantially that described above and shown with respect to
Optionally, the tamper evident mechanism comprises a breakable structure that secures the lid in the closed position, wherein breaking or otherwise disrupting the structural integrity of the breakable structure provides a visual indicator that the assembly has been tampered with. This feature is exemplified by the tamper evident mechanism 126, 226 shown, but may also be embodied in other forms. Optionally, the tamper evident mechanism is configured for initial setting in a first position wherein the lid is closed and secured onto the container body. The tamper evident mechanism may be releasable from the first position to release the lid, thus enabling the lid to be opened, wherein the tamper evident mechanism is configured to prevent retention in the first position after the tamper evident mechanism is released from the first position a single time. In other words, release of the tamper evident mechanism is irreversible. This feature is exemplified by the tamper evident mechanism 126, 226 shown, but may also be embodied in other forms.
As shown, the primary difference between the two assembly embodiments 100, 200 is as follows. The assembly 100 of
As used herein, providing liquid impermeability means that the relevant structure is leakproof, preventing liquid water or solution (e.g., humectant solution) from leaving the leakproof structure. As used herein, providing moisture permeability means that the relevant structure permits ingress and egress of water vapor sufficiently to allow the humectant solution contained within the structure to effectively regulate relative humidity of the product compartment of a container.
Optionally, as discussed above, the humectant compartment 140, 240 may comprise a separate container assembled into the assembly 100, 200. Two such embodiments are shown in
In one aspect, the present invention relates to methods for making a container assembly. Container assemblies according to such methods may include, for example, the assemblies 100, 200 of
Optionally, a method of making a container assembly such as the container assembly 300 of
Optionally, the predetermined level of relative humidity is from 60% to 65%. For example, optimal humidity conditions for cannabis is about 62% relative humidity. However, relative humidity of less than 60% and greater than 65% is also contemplated for different applications of the present invention. For example, some applications may require a relative humidity of from 50% to 60% while other applications may require a relative humidity of from 65% to 75%. Further, for tobacco or tobacco-containing substances, the desired relative humidity may vary. For example, cigars should typically be stored in environments of from 60% to 70% relative humidity and snuff typically from 50% to 60% relative humidity. On the other hand, it has been published that pipe tobacco should be maintained in environments of very low relative humidity (e.g., 10%-18%). In short, the desired predetermined level of relative humidity will depend on the nature of the product to be stored and preserved.
Optionally the saturated salt solution includes one or more thickening agents to increase viscosity of the saturated salt solution. Non-limiting examples of potentially appropriate thickening agents include hydroxyethylcellulose, xantham gum, alumina and fumed silica.
Suitable humectant solutions for cannabis and cannabis containing products, among others, may include the following: potassium carbonate (K2CO32H2O); magnesium acetate (Mg(C2H3O2)2.4H2O); sodium acetate (NaC2H3O2.3H2O), ammonium nitrate (NH4Cl or NH4NO3); or sodium bromide (NaBr.2H2O).
Optionally, a child resistant feature may be provided on container assemblies according to the invention to impede a child's access to contents within the container.
In addition to storing and preserving cannabis or cannabis-containing substances, methods according to aspects of the present invention may include use of container assemblies disclosed herein to preserve and store other items requiring a predetermined relative humidity for preserving useful life of such items. Such items may include tobacco or tobacco-based substances or other plant-based items or substances.
While the invention has been described in detail and with reference to specific examples thereof, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope thereof. For example, while a primary use for containers according to the invention may be for storage of cannabis or cannabis-containing substances, it may be used for other substances requiring a specific relative humidity and tamper evident seal.
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