The instant application contains a Sequence Listing which has been submitted electronically in ASCII format and is, hereby, incorporated by reference in its entirety. Said ASCII copy, created on Dec. 15, 2017, is named P16-214WO_SL.txt and is 433,834 bytes in size.
The invention relates generally to the detection of LGALS3BP in urine within methodologies for detecting and monitoring the progression of lupus nephritis (LN).
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the formation of autoantibody-containing immune complexes (ICs) that trigger inflammation, tissue damage, and premature mortality (Tsokos G C, N Engl J Med (2011); 365:2110-2121). SLE ICs often contain nucleic acids that are recognized by numerous innate immune receptors that can initiate pathological mechanisms leading to production of cytokines, and ultimately to immune responses leading to organ damage. Due to the great clinical diversity and idiopathic nature of SLE, management of SLE depends on its specific manifestations and severity. Therefore, medications suggested to treat SLE are not necessarily effective for the treatment of all manifestations and complications such as lupus nephritis (LN). The pathogenesis of LN is believed to derive from deposition of immune complexes in the kidney glomeruli that initiates an inflammatory response causing kidney damage (Davidson A2016, Nature Reviews Rheumatology 12:143-153). An estimated 30-60% of patients with SLE develop nephritis over the course of their disease that requires medical evaluation and treatment. LN is a progressive disease, running a course of clinical exacerbations and remissions. Late stage LN is characterized by irreversible scarring in the kidney, which cannot be treated with current SLE drugs, necessitating a kidney transplant (Lionaki S et al., World Journal of Transplantation, 2014, 4(3): 176-182).
General indications of lupus nephritis are foamy or bloody urine due to compromised kidney filtering function leading to high urinary protein concentration. Lupus nephritis is diagnosed by kidney biopsy (Schwartz N et al., Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2014). Renal function can be measured by blood urea nitrogen (BUN) testing, serum creatinine assessment, urinalysis (total protein, red blood cells and cellular casts), spot urine test for creatinine and protein concentration, or 24-hour urine test for creatinine clearance and protein excretion. Proper monitoring of kidney disease in LN is currently not possible as biopsies are invasive and usually only performed for initial diagnosis. Although kidney function can be approximated using current tests, they all fail to estimate the level of causal inflammation (Zickert A, et al., Lupus Sci Med 2014, 1:e000018; Alvarado et al. Lupus 2014, 23: 840). Without the ability to assess the inflammatory state of the kidney, physicians cannot accurately assess the effectiveness of their treatments, as these treatments are directed to resolve the ongoing inflammation. Accurate monitoring of the causal inflammation in the kidney could help physicians with aggressive treatment decisions and a treat-to-target approach, thereby slowing disease progression, improving patient's lives, and lowering health care costs by preventing the need for expensive kidney transplants.
SLE is treated with antimalarials, corticosteroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), immunosuppressants and biologics such as Belimumab (BAFF neutralization) and Rituximab (B cell depletion). While many patients fail to respond or respond only partially to the standard of care medications listed above, the long-term use of high doses of corticosteroids and cytotoxic therapies may have profound side effects such as bone marrow suppression, increased infections with opportunistic organisms, irreversible ovarian failure, alopecia, and increased risk of malignancy. Infectious complications coincident with active SLE and its treatment with immunosuppressive medications are the most common cause of death in patients with SLE. Therefore, there is a need for alternative diagnostics, which can better provide a definitive diagnosis of SLE/LN and monitor disease activity to allow more targeted aggressive treatment with fewer side effects.
Galectin-3 binding protein [other aliases include: LGALS3BP (and all related polymorphisms), uG3BP, G3BP, Mac2-BP, p90, Lectin Galactoside-Binding Soluble 3 Binding Protein, BTBD17B, CyCAP, gp90, L3 antigen, M2BP, Mac-2-binding protein, MAC-2-BP and TANGO10B] is the gene product of a ubiquitously expressed gene that belongs to the scavenger receptor family (Koths, K. et al. 1993 J. Biol. Chem. 268:14245). The 585 amino acid (aa) human protein contains an 18 aa signal sequence and four domains (Hohenester, E. et al. 1999 Nat. Struct. Biol. 6:228; Muller, S. A. et al. 1999 J. Mol. Biol. 291:801; Hellstern, S. et al. 2002 J. Biol. Chem. 277:15690). Domain 1 is a group A scavenger receptor domain, domain 2 is a BTB/POZ domain that strongly mediates dimerization, and domain 3 is an IVR domain, that is also found following the POZ domain in Drosophila Kelch protein. Although little is known about domain 4, recombinant domains 3 and 4 reproduce the solid-phase adhesion profile of full-length Galectin-3BP. Glycosylation at seven N-linked sites, generates a molecular size of 85-97 kDa (Ullrich, A. et al. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269:18401). Galectin-3BP dimers form linear and ring-shaped oligomers, most commonly decamers and dodecamers. LGALS3BP is a protein secreted by certain types of tumor cells wherein expression levels correlate with tumor progression (Grassadonia, A. et al. 2004 Glycoconj. J. 19:551). Apart from its direct effect on tumor cell proliferation/survival, LGALS3BP can also upregulate expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and promote angiogenesis. Its levels are augmented during HIV-1 infection and its activity is believed to reduce infectivity of HIV-1 through interference with the maturation and incorporation of envelope proteins into virions (Lodermeyer V et al. Retrovirology. 2013 24; 10:111). Serum levels of LGALS3BP are increased in patients with Behcet's disease and correlate with disease activity (Lee Y J et al. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2007 25(4 Suppl 45):541-5). Increased levels of plasma LGALS3BP are also observed in certain cohorts of SLE patients (Nielsen C T et al. Lupus Sci Med. 2014 19; 1(1)). LGALS3BP has an IRF7 regulatory element in its promoter (Heinig M et al. Nature. 2010 23; 467(7314):460-4) indicating regulation by type I IFN and explaining its link to viral infections and inflammation.
There is an urgent, yet still unmet, need for use in clinical medicine and biomedical research for improved non-invasive tools to: i) identify if SLE is about to manifest as LN, ii) evaluating changes in renal pathophysiology in LN in subjects already diagnosed with LN and iii) evaluating disease progression/regression in subject already diagnosed with LN.
The present invention provides compositions and methods of assessing the present and ongoing renal inflammation status in a mammalian subject with or at a risk of developing LN, by detecting the quantity (e.g., determining the level) of Galectin-3 binding protein (LGALS3BP) in a body fluid sample. The present invention also provides a method of monitoring the effectiveness of a treatment for renal pathophysiology in LN by determining the level of LGALS3BP in the body fluid before and in particular after treatments designed to treat flares associated with LN. The properties and characteristics of LGALS3BP as a predictive marker allow for its use in this manner for the early detection of renal pathophysiology in LN or changes in renal pathophysiology in LN status in the context of LN.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for the early detection of a renal pathophysiology in LN in a mammal, comprising the steps of: i) obtaining or providing a sample of a body fluid from a mammal that is not experiencing an acute renal disease in LN, the body fluid selected from the group consisting of urine, plasma, and serum; ii) detecting (e.g., determining) the level of LGALS3BP in the sample (e.g., using an antibody against LGALS3BP); and iii) evaluating the renal pathophysiology in LN status of the subject, based on the level of LGALS3BP in the sample. The evaluation of the renal pathophysiology in LN status can be used to determine whether the renal pathophysiology in LN is sub-clinical, stable, or progressing (i.e., progressive renal disease). The method also provides an evaluation of the renal status as a progressive or worsening renal pathophysiology in LN with only a single sampling and assay.
In one embodiment the present invention provides a method for the detection of any change in a renal pathophysiology in LN status of a mammal, comprising the steps of: i) obtaining a first sample of a body fluid from a mammal exhibiting at least one symptom of SLE, the body fluid selected from the group consisting of urine, plasma, and serum (in a preferred embodiment said body fluid is urine); ii) detecting (e.g., determining) the level of LGALS3BP in the first sample (e.g., using an antibody against LGALS3BP); iii) obtaining at least one subsequent sample of the body fluid from the mammal after a period of time after obtaining the first sample; iv) detecting (e.g., determining) the level of LGALS3BP in at least one subsequent sample (e.g., using an antibody against LGALS3BP); and v) evaluating the renal pathophysiology in LN status of the mammal, based on comparing the level of LGALS3BP in the at least one subsequent sample to the level of LGALS3BP in the first sample. Generally, a higher level of LGALS3BP in the subsequent sample is an indication of the worsening renal pathophysiology in LN status in the subject demonstrating at least one symptom of SLE which indicates the imminent progression of SLE into LN, while a similar or reduced level of LGALS3BP in the subsequent sample is an indication of an improvement in the renal pathophysiology in LN status and an indicator SLE of said subject is not about to progress into LN.
In one embodiment the present invention provides a method of monitoring the effectiveness of a treatment for renal pathophysiology in LN in a mammal, comprising the steps of: i) providing or obtaining a baseline sample of a body fluid from a mammal experiencing at least one symptom of LN, the body fluid selected from the group consisting of urine, plasma, and serum (in a preferred embodiment said body fluid is urine); ii) detecting (e.g., determining) the level of LGALS3BP in the baseline sample (e.g., using an antibody against LGALS3BP); iii) providing at least one treatment for the renal pathophysiology in LN to the mammal; iv) providing or obtaining at least one post-treatment sample of the body fluid from the mammal; v) detecting (e.g., determining) the level of LGALS3BP in the post-treatment sample (e.g., using an antibody against LGALS3BP); and vi) evaluating the effectiveness of the treatment, based on comparing the level of LGALS3BP in the post-treatment sample to the level of LGALS3BP in the baseline sample.
One embodiment of the present invention provides a method of identifying the extent of renal pathophysiology in LN in a mammal over time, comprising the steps of: i) obtaining at least one first sample of a body fluid at a first time from a mammal that is experiencing at least one symptom of LN, the body fluid selected from the group consisting of urine, plasma, and serum (in a preferred embodiment said body fluid is urine); ii) detecting (e.g., determining) the level of LGALS3BP in the first sample (e.g., using an antibody against LGALS3BP); iii) obtaining at least one subsequent sample of the body fluid at a time subsequent to the first time, from the mammal; iv) detecting (e.g., determining) the level of LGALS3BP in at least one subsequent sample (e.g., using an antibody against LGALS3BP); and v) determining the extent of the renal pathophysiology in LN in the mammal over time, based on comparing the level of LGALS3BP in at least one subsequent sample to the level of LGALS3BP in the first sample. Typically, the mammalian subject is a human. Where more than one subsequent sample is drawn, they are typically obtained and provided intermittently from the subject, and at predetermined times, ranging from one or more days, to one or more weeks, to one or more months, to one or more years. Other sampling regimens also may be employed. In one embodiment, the mammalian subject is also evaluated to determine if the subject is experiencing another condition that may contribute to the level of LGALS3BP in the sample, such condition including, but limited to, an acute bacterial or viral infection, acute inflammation, an acute or chronic injury to another organ or cancer. Such another condition may not effect or cause an injury to the kidney. However, such condition on its own can contribute the amount of LGALS3BP detected in the urine, making it difficult to distinguish such LGALS3BP from LGALS3BP that is expressed as a direct result of a renal pathophysiology in LN. Some types of other conditions can effect high levels of LGALS3BP that can overwhelm the concentration of LGALS3BP resulting from the renal injury.
A variety of protein detection formats are contemplated, including, but not limited to, ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay), SMC immunoassay technology (Single Molecule Counting) and Western Blot.
In some embodiments assay devices, in particular ELISA devices, comprise coated microtiter plates. In some embodiments, a capture reagent (i.e., LGALS3BP antibody) is applied in the wells of a microtiter plate. In this assay, a test sample (e.g., blood or urine) potentially containing an analyte of interest (e.g., LGALS3BP) is placed in the wells of a microtiter plate that contain the immobilized capture reagent. The analyte specifically binds the immobilized antibody; then, unbound materials are washed away leaving primarily the analyte-antibody complex bound to the plate. This complex can be detected in a variety of manners, such as by use of a labelled detector reagent, e.g., labeled LGALS3BP antibody. One advantage of the microtiter plate format is that multiple samples can be tested simultaneously (together with controls) each in one or more different wells of the same plate; thus, permitting high-throughput analysis of numerous samples.
In some embodiments, a competitive ELISA assay is utilized (see e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,958,715, and 5,484,707, each of which is herein incorporated by reference). The competitive ELISA may be quantitative or non-quantitative. In a competitive ELISA, the wells of a microtiter plate are first coated with a fusion protein comprising all or a fragment of LGALS3BP. The sample to be tested is added to the plate along with an antibody that is specific for LGALS3BP. The LGALS3BP in the sample competes for binding to the antibody with the immobilized peptide. The plate is washed and the antibody bound to the immobilized LGALS3BP polypeptide is then detected using any suitable method (e.g., a secondary antibody comprising a label or a group reactive with an enzymatic detection system). The amount of signal is inversely proportional to the amount of LGALS3BP present in the sample (e.g., a high signal is indicative of low amounts of LGALS3BP being present in the sample).
In some embodiments, the immunoassay devices of the present invention permit the performance of relatively inexpensive, disposable, membrane-based assays for the visual identification of the presence (or absence) of an analyte in a liquid sample. Such devices are usually formatted as freestanding dipsticks (e.g., test strips) or as devices having some sort of housing. Typically, an immunoassay device of the present invention can be used with as little as about 200 microliters of liquid sample, and detection of an analyte in the sample can (but need not) be complete within 2-5 minutes. In preferred embodiments, no ancillary instrumentation is required to perform such tests, and such devices easily can be used in clinics, laboratories and field locations.
In some embodiments, the ELISA is an immunochromatographic “sandwich” assay. In general, sandwich immunochromatographic procedures call for mixing the sample that may contain the analyte to be assayed for example, LGALS3BP, with an antibody specific for LGALS3BP. The antibody, i.e., detector reagent, is mobile and typically is linked to a label or another signaling reagent, such as dyed latex, a colloidal metal sol, or a radioisotope. This mixture is then applied to a chromatographic medium containing a band or zone of immobilized antibodies that recognize LGALS3BP (i.e., the capture antibody or reagent). The chromatographic medium often is in the form of a strip that resembles a dipstick. When the complex of LGALS3BP and the detector reagent reaches the zone of the immobilized capture antibody on the chromatographic medium, binding occurs and the detector reagent complex is localized at the zone. This indicates the presence of the molecule to be assayed. This technique can be used to obtain quantitative or semi-quantitative results. Examples of sandwich immunoassays performed on test strips are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,168,146 and 4,366,241, each of which is incorporated herein by reference.
In some embodiments a “Western blot” format is used to detect proteins of interest. Western Blot refers to the analysis of protein(s) (or polypeptides) immobilized onto a support such as nitrocellulose or a membrane. The proteins are run on acrylamide gels to separate the proteins, followed by transfer of the protein from the gel to a solid support, such as nitrocellulose or a nylon membrane. The immobilized proteins are then exposed to antibodies with reactivity against an antigen of interest. The binding of the antibodies may be detected by various methods, including the use of radiolabeled antibodies.
In another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for generating a result useful in diagnosing and non-invasively monitoring renal pathology using samples obtained from a mammalian subject. The method includes: obtaining a dataset associated with the samples, wherein the dataset comprises protein expression levels for markers selected from the group consisting of: urinary creatinine and proteinuria expressed as a ratio of urine protein: creatinine (uPCR); and inputting the dataset into an analytical process that uses the data to generate a result useful in diagnosing and monitoring the renal pathology.
In some embodiments, the definition of lupus nephritis comprises one or more of: lupus nephritis, idiopathic immune-complex glomerulonephritis, glomerular nephritis, tubulo-interstitial nephritis.
In some embodiments, the diagnostic aspects of the present invention can better inform when invasive kidney biopsies and/or changes in therapeutic regimes should be considered. A diagnostic kidney biopsy should be done to guide therapy when a lupus patient presents with clinical evidence of new kidney inflammation such as the detection of increased levels of LGALS3BP as provided by the diagnostic embodiments of the present invention.
In some embodiments renal classification of lupus nephritis comprises one or more of:
Class I disease (minimal mesangial glomerulonephritis) in its histology has a normal appearance under a light microscope, but mesangsial deposits are visible under an electron microscope. At this stage urinalysis is normal.
Class II disease (mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis) is noted by mesangial hypercellularity and matrix expansion. Microscopic hematuria with or without proteinuria may be seen. Hypertension, nephrotic syndrome, and acute kidney insufficiency are very rare at this stage.
Class III disease (focal glomerulonephritis) is indicated by sclerotic lesions involving less than 50% of the glomeruli, which can be segmental or global, and active or chronic, with endocapillary or extracapillary proliferative lesions. Under the electron microscopy, subendothelial deposits are noted, and some mesangial changes may be present. Immunofluorescence reveals positively for IgG, IgA, IgM, C3, and C1q (indicative of immune complex deposits). Clinically, hematuria and proteinuria are present, with or without nephrotic syndrome, hypertension, and elevated serum creatinine. Diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis as seen in a pathology specimen.
Class IV disease (diffuse proliferative nephritis) is both the most severe, and the most common subtype. More than 50% of glomeruli are involved. Lesions can be segmental or global, and active or chronic, with endocapillary or extracapillary proliferative lesions. Under electron microscopy, subendothelial deposits are noted, and some mesangial changes may be present. Clinically, hematuria and proteinuria are present, frequently with nephrotic syndrome, hypertension, hypocomplementemia, elevated anti-dsDNA titers and elevated serum creatinine.
Class V disease (membranous glomerulonephritis) is characterized by diffuse thickening of the glomerular capillary wall (segmentally or globally), with diffuse membrane thickening, and subepithelial deposits seen under the electron microscope. Clinically, stage V presents with signs of nephrotic syndrome. Microscopic hematuria and hypertension may also been seen. Stage V also can also lead to thrombotic complications such as renal vein thromboses or pulmonary emboli.
Class VI, or advanced sclerosing lupus nephritis. It is represented by global sclerosis involving more than 90% of glomeruli, and represents healing of prior inflammatory injury. Active glomerulonephritis is not usually present. This stage is characterized by slowly progressive kidney dysfunction, with relatively bland urine sediment. Response to immunotherapy is usually poor. A tubuloreticular inclusion within capillary endothelial cells is also characteristic of lupus nephritis, and can be seen under an electron microscope in all stages. It is not diagnostic however, as it exists in other conditions such as HIV infection. It is thought to be due to the chronic interferon exposure.
As reported in the data presented in the instant application, unless otherwise stated, LGALS3BP is measured in ng/ml. LGALS3BP/creatinine ratios are ng LGALS3BP/mg creatinine per ml of urine.
In some embodiments, the renal pathophysiology in LN of lupus nephritis comprises one or more of: presence of mesangial immune deposits, presence of sub-endothelial immune deposits, presence of sub-epithelial immune deposits, tubulo-interstitial inflammation, tubulo-interstitial fibrosis, tubulo-interstitial sclerosis, sclerosis, crescentic glomerulonephritis (presence of crescentic lesions or extracapillary proliferation), extracapillary proliferation, endocapillary proliferation, proliferative glomerulonephritis, focal glomerulopathy (or focal glomerulonephritis), focal segmental glomerulopathy (or focal segmental glomerulonephritis), segmental glomerulopathy (or segmental glomerulonephritis), membranous glomerulopathy, glomerular basement membrane abnormalities (such as thickening), glomerulosclerosis (or glomerular sclerosis), mesangial hypercellularity (or mesangial proliferation), mesangial matrix expansion, mesangial fibrosis.
In some embodiments, the analytical process is a Linear Discriminant Analysis model. Further, in some embodiments, the analytical process can include use of a predictive model. In some embodiments, the analytical process comprises comparing the obtained dataset with a reference dataset.
In some embodiments, the reference dataset comprises protein expression levels obtained from one or more healthy control subjects. In other embodiments, the method further comprises obtaining a statistical measure of a similarity of the obtained dataset to the reference dataset.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises using the classification for diagnosis, staging, prognosis, kidney inflammation levels, assessing extent of progression, monitoring a therapeutic response, predicting a renal-interstitial inflammation (INF) episode, or distinguishing stable from unstable manifestations of renal-interstitial inflammation (INF) in subjects presenting at least one symptom of LN.
(r=0.494).
Throughout this specification, unless specifically stated otherwise or the context requires otherwise, reference to a single step, composition of matter, group of steps or group of compositions of matter shall be taken to encompass one and a plurality (i.e. one or more) of those steps, compositions of matter, groups of steps or groups of compositions of matter. Thus, as used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” include plural aspects unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. For embodiment, reference to “a” includes a single as well as two or more; reference to “an” includes a single as well as two or more; reference to “the” includes a single as well as two or more and so forth.
Each embodiment of the present disclosure described herein is to be applied mutatis mutandis to each and every other embodiment unless specifically stated otherwise.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the disclosure herein is susceptible to variations and modifications other than those specifically described. It is to be understood that the disclosure includes all such variations and modifications. The disclosure also includes all of the steps, features, compositions and compounds referred to or indicated in this specification, individually or collectively, and any and all combinations or any two or more of said steps or features.
The present disclosure is not to be limited in scope by the specific embodiments described herein, which are intended for the purpose of exemplification only. Functionally-equivalent products, compositions and methods are clearly within the scope of the disclosure, as described herein.
The present disclosure is performed without undue experimentation using, unless otherwise indicated, conventional techniques of molecular biology, microbiology, virology, recombinant DNA technology, peptide synthesis in solution, solid phase peptide synthesis, and immunology. Such procedures are described, for embodiment, in Sambrook, Fritsch & Maniatis, Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratories, New York, Second Edition (1989), whole of Vols I, II, and III; Benny K. C. Lo, Antibody Engineering: Methods and Protocols, (2004) Humana Press, Vol. 248; DNA Cloning: A Practical Approach, Vols. I and II (D. N. Glover, ed., 1985), IRL Press, Oxford, whole of text; Oligonucleotide Synthesis: A Practical Approach (M. J. Gait, ed, 1984) IRL Press, Oxford, whole of text, and particularly the papers therein by Gait, pp 1-22; Atkinson et al., pp 35-81; Sproat et al., pp 83-115; and Wu et al., pp 135-151; Nucleic Acid Hybridization: A Practical Approach (B. D. Hames & S. J. Higgins, eds., 1985) IRL Press, Oxford, whole of text; Immobilized Cells and Enzymes: A Practical Approach (1986) IRL Press, Oxford, whole of text; Perbal, B., A Practical Guide to Molecular Cloning (1984); Methods In Enzymology (S. Colowick and N. Kaplan, eds., Academic Press, Inc.), whole of series; J. F. Ramalho Ortigao, “The Chemistry of Peptide Synthesis” In: Knowledge database of Access to Virtual Laboratory website (Interactiva, Germany); Sakakibara Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun 73: 336-342, 1976; Merrifield J. Am. Chem. Soc. 85: 2149-2154, 1963; Barany and Merrifield (1979) in The Peptides (Gross, E. and Meienhofer, J. eds.), vol. 2, pp. 1-284, Academic Press, New York. 12. Wunsch, E., ed. (1974) Synthese von Peptiden in Houben-Weyls Metoden der Organischen Chemie (Muller, E., ed.), vol. 15, 4th edn., Parts 1 and 2, Thieme, Stuttgart; Bodanszky, M. (1984) Principles of Peptide Synthesis, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg; Bodanszky, M. & Bodanszky, A. (1984) The Practice of Peptide Synthesis, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg; Bodanszky Int. J. Peptide Protein Res. 25: 449-474, 1985; Handbook of Experimental Immunology, Vols. I-IV (D. M. Weir and C. C. Blackwell, eds., 1986, Blackwell Scientific Publications); and Animal Cell Culture: Practical Approach, 3rd edn (John R. W. Masters, ed., 2000), ISBN 0199637970, whole of text.
Throughout this specification the word “comprise”, or variations such as “comprises” or “comprising”, will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated element, integer or step, or group of elements, integers or steps, but not the exclusion of any other element, integer or step, or group of elements, integers or steps.
Preferred embodiments of the present invention are based on the role that LGALS3BP plays as a predictive marker in quantitating levels of kidney inflammation in LN.
An exemplary full length human LGALS3BP polypeptide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1) is as follows:
“Inflammation” is used herein in the general medical sense of the word and may be an acute or chronic; simple or suppurative; localized or disseminated; cellular and tissue response initiated or sustained by any number of chemical, physical or biological agents or combination of agents.
“Inflammatory state” is used to indicate the relative biological condition of a subject resulting from inflammation, or characterizing the degree of inflammation.
The terms “patient” and “subject” are used in this disclosure to refer to a mammal being treated or in need of treatment for a condition such as LN. The terms include human patients and volunteers, non-human mammals such as a non-human primates, large animal models and rodents.
A “sample” from a subject may include a single cell or multiple cells or fragments of cells or an aliquot of body fluid, taken from the subject, by means including venipuncture, excretion, ejaculation, massage, biopsy, needle aspirate, lavage sample, scraping, surgical incision or intervention or other means known in the art. The sample is blood, urine, spinal fluid, lymph, mucosal secretions, prostatic fluid, semen, haemolymph or any other body fluid known in the art for a subject. The sample is also a tissue sample.
“Therapy” includes all interventions whether biological, chemical, physical, or combination of the foregoing, intended to sustain or alter the monitored biological condition of a subject.
The term “isolated protein” is intended to mean a protein or polypeptide that by virtue of its origin or source of derivation is not associated with naturally-associated components that accompany it in its native state; is substantially free of other proteins from the same source. A protein may be rendered substantially free of naturally associated components or substantially purified by isolation, using protein purification techniques known in the art. By “substantially purified” is meant the protein is substantially free of contaminating agents, for embodiment, at least about 70% or 75% or 80% or 85% or 90% or 95% or 96% or 97% or 98% or 99% free of contaminating agents.
The term “recombinant” shall be understood to mean the product of artificial genetic recombination. Accordingly, in the context of a recombinant protein comprising an antigen binding domain, this term does not encompass an antibody naturally-occurring within a subject's body that is the product of natural recombination that occurs during B cell maturation. However, if such an antibody is isolated, it is to be considered an isolated protein comprising an antigen binding domain. Similarly, if nucleic acid encoding the protein is isolated and expressed using recombinant means, the resulting protein is a recombinant protein comprising an antigen binding domain A recombinant protein also encompasses a protein expressed by artificial recombinant means when it is within a cell, tissue or subject, for embodiment, in which it is expressed.
The term “Ig fusion protein which specifically binds to LGALS3BP” shall be taken to include an Ig fusion protein (including, but not limited to, an anti-LGALS3BP antibody) capable of binding to LGALS3BP in the manner described and/or claimed herein.
The term “polypeptide” or “polypeptide chain” will be understood to mean a series of contiguous amino acids linked by peptide bonds.
As used herein, the term “antigen binding domain” shall be taken to mean a region of an antibody that is capable of specifically binding to an antigen, that is, a VH or a VL or an Fv comprising both a VH and a VL. The antigen binding domain need not be in the context of an entire antibody, for embodiment, it can be in isolation (e.g., a domain antibody) or in another form (e.g., scFv).
For the purposes for the present disclosure, the term “antibody” includes a protein capable of specifically binding to one or a few closely related antigens (e.g., LGALS3BP) by virtue of an antigen binding domain contained within a Fv. This term includes four chain antibodies (e.g., two light (L) chains and two heavy (H) chains), recombinant or modified antibodies (e.g., chimeric antibodies, humanized antibodies, human antibodies, CDR-grafted antibodies, primatized antibodies, de-immunized antibodies, synhumanized antibodies, half-antibodies, bispecific antibodies). An antibody generally comprises constant domains, which can be arranged into a constant region or constant fragment or fragment crystallizable (Fc). Exemplary forms of antibodies comprise a four-chain structure as their basic unit. Full-length antibodies comprise two heavy chains (˜50 to 70 kDa each) covalently linked and two light chains (18 23 kDa each). A light chain generally comprises a variable region (if present) and a constant domain and in mammals is either a κ light chain or a λ light chain. A heavy chain generally comprises a variable region and one or two constant domain(s) linked by a hinge region to additional constant domain(s) Heavy chains of mammals are of one of the following types α, δ, ε, γ, or μ. Each light chain is also covalently linked to one of the heavy chains For embodiment, the two heavy chains and the heavy and light chains are held together by inter-chain disulfide bonds and by non-covalent interactions. The number of inter-chain disulfide bonds can vary among different types of antibodies. Each chain has an N-terminal variable region (VH or VL wherein each are approximately 110 amino acids in length) and one or more constant domains at the C-terminus. The constant domain of the light chain (CL which is approximately 110 amino acids in length) is aligned with and disulfide bonded to the first constant domain of the heavy chain (CH1 which is 330 to 440 amino acids in length). The light chain variable region is aligned with the variable region of the heavy chain The antibody heavy chain can comprise 2 or more additional CH domains (such as, CH2, CH3 and the like) and can comprise a hinge region between the CH1 and CH2 constant domains Antibodies can be of any type (e.g., IgG, IgE, IgM, IgD, IgA, and IgY), class (e.g., IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA1 and IgA2) or subclass.
As used herein, “variable region” refers to the portions of the light and/or heavy chains of an antibody as defined herein that is capable of specifically binding to an antigen and, includes amino acid sequences of complementarity determining regions (CDRs), that is, CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3, and framework regions (FRs). For embodiment, the variable region comprises three or four FRs (e.g., FR1, FR2, FR3 and optionally FR4) together with three CDRs. VH refers to the variable region of the heavy chain VL refers to the variable region of the light chain.
As used herein, the term “complementarity determining regions” (syn. CDRs, i.e., CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3) refers to the amino acid residues of an antibody variable region the presence of which are major contributors to specific antigen binding. Each variable region domain (VH or VL) typically has three CDR regions identified as CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3. In one embodiment, the amino acid positions assigned to CDRs and FRs are defined according to Kabat Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md., 1987 and 1991 (also referred to herein as “the Kabat numbering system”). In another embodiment, the amino acid positions assigned to CDRs and FRs are defined according to the Enhanced Chothia Numbering Scheme. According to the numbering system of Kabat, VHFRs and CDRs are positioned as follows: residues 1 to 30 (FR1), 31 to 35 (CDR1), 36 to 49 (FR2), 50 to 65 (CDR2), 66 to 94 (FR3), 95 to 102 (CDR3) and 103 to 113 (FR4). According to the numbering system of Kabat, VLFRs and CDRs are positioned as follows: residues 1 to 23 (FR1), 24 to 34 (CDR1), 35 to 49 (FR2), 50 to 56 (CDR2), 57 to 88 (FR3), 89 to 97 (CDR3) and 98 to 107 (FR4). The present disclosure is not limited to FRs and CDRs as defined by the Kabat numbering system, but includes all numbering systems, including the canonical numbering system or of Chothia and Lesk J. Mol. Biol. 196: 901-917, 1987; Chothia et al., Nature 342: 877-883, 1989; and/or Al-Lazikani et al., J. Mol. Biol. 273: 927-948, 1997; the numbering system of Honnegher and Pliikthun J. Mol. Biol. 309: 657-670, 2001; or the IMGT system discussed in Giudicelli et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 25: 206-211 1997. In one embodiment, the CDRs are defined according to the Kabat numbering system.
As used herein, the term “Fv” shall be taken to mean any protein, whether comprised of multiple polypeptides or a single polypeptide, in which a VL and a VH associate and form a complex having an antigen binding domain that is capable of specifically binding to an antigen. The VH and the VL which form the antigen binding domain can be in a single polypeptide chain or in different polypeptide chains. Furthermore, a Fv of the disclosure (as well as any protein of the disclosure) may have multiple antigen binding domains which may or may not bind the same antigen. This term shall be understood to encompass fragments directly derived from an antibody as well as proteins corresponding to such a fragment produced using recombinant means. In some embodiments, the VH is not linked to a heavy chain constant domain (CH) 1 and/or the VL is not linked to a light chain constant domain (CL). Exemplary Fv containing polypeptides or proteins include a Fab fragment, a Fab′ fragment, a F(ab′) fragment, a scFv, a diabody, a triabody, a tetrabody or higher order complex, or any of the foregoing linked to a constant region or domain thereof, for embodiment, CH2 or CH3 domain, for embodiment, a minibody.
A “Fab fragment” consists of a monovalent antigen-binding fragment of an immunoglobulin, and can be produced by digestion of a whole antibody with the enzyme papain, to yield a fragment consisting of an intact light chain and a portion of a heavy chain or can be produced using recombinant means.
A “Fab′ fragment” of an antibody can be obtained by treating a whole antibody with pepsin, followed by reduction, to yield a molecule consisting of an intact light chain and a portion of a heavy chain comprising a VH and a single constant domain. Two Fab′ fragments are obtained per antibody treated in this manner A Fab′ fragment can also be produced by recombinant means.
A “single chain Fv” or “scFv” is a recombinant molecule containing the variable region fragment (Fv) of an antibody in which the variable region of the light chain and the variable region of the heavy chain are covalently linked by a suitable, flexible polypeptide linker.
As used herein, the term “binds” in reference to the interaction of a Ig fusion protein which specifically binds to LGALS3BP or an antigen binding domain thereof with an antigen means that the interaction is dependent upon the presence of a particular structure (e.g., an antigenic determinant or epitope) on the antigen. For embodiment, an antibody recognizes and binds to a specific protein structure rather than to proteins generally. If an antibody binds to epitope “A”, the presence of a molecule containing epitope “A” (or free, unlabeled “A”), in a reaction containing labeled “A” and the antibody, will reduce the amount of labeled “A” bound to the antibody.
As used herein, the term “specifically binds” shall be taken to mean that a protein of the disclosure (e.g., an anti-LGALS3BP antibody) reacts or associates more frequently, more rapidly, with greater duration and/or with greater affinity with a particular antigen or cell expressing same than it does with alternative antigens or cells. For embodiment, a protein that specifically binds to an antigen binds that antigen with greater affinity, avidity, more readily, and/or with greater duration than it binds to other antigens. For embodiment, a protein binds to LGALS3BP with materially greater affinity than it does to other immunoglobulin superfamily ligands or to antigens commonly recognized by polyreactive natural antibodies (i.e., by naturally occurring antibodies known to bind a variety of antigens naturally found in humans) It is also understood by reading this definition that, for embodiment, a protein that specifically binds to a first antigen may or may not specifically bind to a second antigen. As such, “specific binding” does not necessarily require exclusive binding or non-detectable binding of another antigen, this is meant by the term “selective binding”.
As used herein, the term “epitope” (syn. “antigenic determinant”) shall be understood to mean a region of LGALS3BP to which a protein comprising an antigen binding domain of an antibody binds. This term is not necessarily limited to the specific residues or structure to which the protein makes contact. For embodiment, this term includes the region spanning amino acids contacted by the protein and/or at least 5 to 10 or 2 to 5 or 1 to 3 amino acids outside of this region. In some embodiments, the epitope is a linear series amino acids. An epitope may also comprise a series of discontinuous amino acids that are positioned close to one another when LGALS3BP is folded, that is, a “conformational epitope”. The skilled artisan will also be aware that the term “epitope” is not limited to peptides or polypeptides. For embodiment, the term “epitope” includes chemically active surface groupings of molecules such as sugar side chains, phosphoryl side chains, or sulfonyl side chains, and, in certain embodiments, may have specific three dimensional structural characteristics, and/or specific charge characteristics. An epitope or peptide or polypeptide comprising same can be administered to an animal to generate antibodies against the epitope.
As used herein, the term “diagnosis”, and variants thereof such as, but not limited to, “diagnose”, “diagnosed” or “diagnosing” includes any primary diagnosis of a clinical state or diagnosis of recurrent disease.
The following methods were used to source and prepare materials (including, but not limited to, human and non-human tissues, cells and proteins) used in the following Experimental Examples section in the instant patent application.
Human PBMCs were isolated from buffy coat preparations of healthy donors (New York Blood Center) using Ficoll Paque Plus (GE Health Sciences) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Monocytes were purified by adherence to plastic for 90 minutes and subsequently differentiated to macrophages by culture with 100 ng/ml GM-CSF (Sargramostim, Sanofi) in RPMI 1640 (Gibco) containing Pen/Strep and 10% heat inactivated fetal bovine serum (Corning). On day 7 inflammatory stimuli (recombinant IFNα, CpG for TLR9, LPS for TLR4, small molecule agonist for TLR7/8 and IFNα) were added and LGALS3BP mRNA measured by qCPR after 6 h and LGALS3BP protein by ELISA after 20 h. mRNA was measured with Taqman technology (Applied Biosystems) and HPRT1 used as a housekeeping gene for normalization. Samples were run on an Applied Biosystems QuantStudio instrument. LGALS3BP protein was measured with a commercially available ELISA kit (Abnova).
Patient whole blood was collected and PBMCs were isolated by Ficoll density centrifugation. PBMCs were frozen at −80° C. in 90% fetal calf serum containing 10% DMSO. When ready for further analysis, cells were rapidly thawed, lysed with Buffer RLT (Qiagen) containing 1% (3-mercaptoethanol, and RNA was extracted using the RNeasy mini kit (Qiagen). This was followed by DNAse1 treatment and additional cleanup using SPRI beads (Life Technologies). RNA-seq was subsequently performed using the Smartseq2 protocol. Data are presented as FPKM values.
Human renal biopsies were collected after obtaining informed consent, processed, and used for microarray analysis. Detailed method information can be found in the original reference (Berthier C C et al., JI 2012). This data was accessed from the GEO database under GSE32591. The linear expression data are shown.
All procedures using animals were performed in accordance with all local and national laws and regulations regarding animal care. Male BXSB-Yaa mice were purchased from Jackson. At 20 weeks of age mice were euthanized via CO2 asphyxiation and blood was collected via the vena cava. At the conclusion of studies kidneys were collected, fixed in formalin and shipped to HistoTox Labs where they were processed for hematoxylin and eosin staining and scored for histological evidence of damage by a trained pathologist. The scoring system used was modified from a previously published system (Chan, O., Madaio, M. P., and Shlomchik, M. J. 1997. The roles of B cells in MRL/lpr murine lupus. Ann N Y Acad Sci 815:75-87) and evaluates kidney sections based on glomerular crescents, protein casts, interstitial inflammation, and vasculitis and a total histology score is obtained based on a composite score of these parameters.
Whole blood and freshly voided urine was obtained from healthy patients or SLE and LN patients. Whole blood was collected in heparin tubes and shipped at ambient temperature. Plasma was collected by spinning whole blood at 720×g for 10 minutes. Plasma was collected and centrifuged again for 15 mins at 2000×g to remove platelets. All samples were stored at −80 C.
The present disclosure also encompasses screening of libraries of antibodies or proteins comprising antigen binding domains thereof (e.g., comprising variable regions thereof) to identify a Ig fusion protein which specifically binds to LGALS3BP of the disclosure. For embodiment, a library comprising a VH of the disclosure and a plurality of VL regions can be screened to identify a Ig fusion protein which specifically binds to LGALS3BP of the disclosure.
Embodiments of libraries contemplated by this disclosure include naïve libraries (from unchallenged subjects), immunized libraries (from subjects immunized with an antigen) or synthetic libraries. Nucleic acid encoding antibodies or regions thereof (e.g., variable regions) are cloned by conventional techniques (e.g., as disclosed in Sambrook and Russell, eds, Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 3rd Ed, vols. 1-3, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2001) and used to encode and display proteins using a method known in the art. Other techniques for producing libraries of proteins are described in, for embodiment in U.S. Pat. No. 6,300,064 (e.g., a HuCAL library of Morphosys AG), U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,885,793, 6,204,023, 6,291,158, or 6,248,516.
The Ig fusion protein which specifically binds to LGALS3BPs according to the disclosure may be soluble secreted proteins or may be presented as a fusion protein on the surface of a cell, or particle (e.g., a phage or other virus, a ribosome or a spore). Various display library formats are known in the art. For embodiment, the library is an in vitro display library (e.g., a ribosome display library, a covalent display library or a mRNA display library, e.g., as described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,270,969). In yet another embodiment, the display library is a phage display library wherein proteins comprising antigen binding domains of antibodies are expressed on phage, for embodiment, as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,300,064, 5,885,793, 6,204,023, 6,291,158, or 6,248,516. Other phage display methods are known in the art and are contemplated by the present disclosure. Similarly, methods of cell display are contemplated by the disclosure, for embodiment, bacterial display libraries, for embodiment, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,516,637; yeast display libraries, for embodiment, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,423,538; or a mammalian display library.
Methods for screening display libraries are known in the art. In one embodiment, a display library of the present disclosure is screened using affinity purification, for embodiment, as described in Scopes (In: Protein purification: principles and practice, Third Edition, Springer Verlag, 1994). Methods of affinity purification typically involve contacting proteins comprising antigen binding domains displayed by the library with a target antigen (e.g., LGALS3BP) and, following washing, eluting those domains that remain bound to the antigen.
Any variable regions or scFvs identified by screening are readily modified into a complete antibody, if desired. Exemplary methods for modifying or reformatting variable regions or scFvs into a complete antibody are described, for embodiment, in Jones et al., J. Immunol. Methods 354: 85-90, 2010; or Jostock et al., J. Immunol. Methods, 289: 65-80, 2004. Alternatively, or additionally, standard cloning methods are used, e.g., as described in Ausubel et al., (In: Current Protocols in Molecular Biology. Wiley Interscience, ISBN 047 150338, 1987), and/or (Sambrook et al., (In: Molecular Cloning: Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratories, New York, Third Edition 2001).
In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a method of producing or isolating a Ig fusion protein which specifically binds to LGALS3BP of the disclosure by screening a display library, for embodiment, a phage display library, for embodiment, as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,300,064 and/or 5,885,793. For embodiment, the present inventors have isolated scFvs by biopanning a human scFv immunoglobulin gene library by rounds of selection against full length recombinant human LGALS3BP. Once isolated, a Ig fusion protein which specifically binds to LGALS3BP of the invention can be cloned and expressed and optionally reformatted as, for embodiment, an IgG1 antibody using known methods in the art.
In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a method of producing a Ig fusion protein which specifically binds to LGALS3BP, the method comprising:
In one embodiment, a Ig fusion protein which specifically binds to LGALS3BP preparation is screened. A LGALS3BP preparation may be made by, for embodiment, immunizing an animal with a LGALS3BP antigen so as to produce antibodies that react with the extracellular domain of LGALS3BP.
In another embodiment, a Ig fusion protein which specifically binds to LGALS3BP library is screened. The library may be a phage library, for embodiment, a scFv phage library or a Fab phage library.
In one embodiment, the method comprises producing a population of phage particles displaying at their surface a population of binding molecules having a range of binding specificities for a target LGALS3BP epitope or antigen. Such phage particles comprise a phagemid genome comprising a nucleic acid encoding the binding protein. This nucleic acid can be isolated, cloned and expressed in a recombinant system to produce the Ig fusion protein which specifically binds to LGALS3BP of the invention.
Exemplary cells used for expressing a Ig fusion protein which specifically binds to LGALS3BP of the disclosure are CHO cells, myeloma cells or HEK cells. The cell may further comprise one or more genetic mutations and/or deletions that facilitate expression of a modified antibody. One non-limiting embodiment is a deletion of a gene encoding an enzyme required for fucosylation of an expressed immunoglobulin or antibody.
Following production/expression, a Ig fusion protein which specifically binds to LGALS3BP of the disclosure is purified using a method known in the art. Such purification provides the protein of the disclosure substantially free of nonspecific protein, acids, lipids, carbohydrates, and the like. In one embodiment, the protein will be in a preparation wherein more than about 90% (e.g., 95%, 98% or 99%) of the protein in the preparation is a Ig fusion protein which specifically binds to LGALS3BP of the disclosure.
Standard methods of peptide purification are employed to obtain an isolated Ig fusion protein which specifically binds to LGALS3BP of the disclosure, including but not limited to various high-pressure (or performance) liquid chromatography (HPLC) and non-HPLC polypeptide isolation protocols, such as size exclusion chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, mixed mode chromatography, phase separation methods, electrophoretic separations, precipitation methods, salting in/out methods, immunochromatography, and/or other methods.
Selected embodiments of the present invention are based on the inventors' production of human antibodies that bind specifically to LGALS3BP. These human anti-LGALS3BP antibodies derived from a phage display library of human scFv sequences; the obtained scFv phage clone reformatted as an IgG1 mAb.
The present disclosure is broadly directed to a Ig fusion protein which specifically binds to LGALS3BP comprising an antigen binding domain which specifically binds to LGALS3BP.
In one embodiment, the present invention discloses a LGALS3BP Ig fusion protein which specifically binds to LGALS3BP, wherein, the Ig fusion protein comprises a heavy chain variable region (VH) which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein, VHCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 32, the VHCDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 33 and the VHCDR3 the amino acid sequence shown in amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 34 and a light chain variable region (VL) which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein, VLCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 35, the VLCDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 36 and the VLCDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 37. A condensation of the three VHCDRs and the three VLCDRs of the LGALS3BP Ig fusion protein recited in the aforementioned paragraph is shown in the amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 2.
In one embodiment, the present invention discloses a LGALS3BP Ig fusion protein which specifically binds to LGALS3BP, wherein, the Ig fusion protein comprises a heavy chain variable region (VH) which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein, VHCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 38, the VHCDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 39 and the VHCDR3 the amino acid sequence shown in amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 40 and a light chain variable region (VL) which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein, VLCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 41, the VLCDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 42 and the VLCDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 43. A condensation of the three VHCDRs and the three VLCDRs of the LGALS3BP Ig fusion protein recited in the aforementioned paragraph is shown in the amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 3.
In one embodiment, the present invention discloses a LGALS3BP Ig fusion protein which specifically binds to LGALS3BP, wherein, the Ig fusion protein comprises a heavy chain variable region (VH) which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein, VHCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 44, the VHCDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 45 and the VHCDR3 the amino acid sequence shown in amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 46 and a light chain variable region (VL) which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein, VLCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 47, the VLCDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 48 and the VLCDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 49. A condensation of the three VHCDRs and the three VLCDRs of the LGALS3BP Ig fusion protein recited in the aforementioned paragraph is shown in the amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 4.
In one embodiment, the present invention discloses a LGALS3BP Ig fusion protein which specifically binds to LGALS3BP, wherein, the Ig fusion protein comprises a heavy chain variable region (VH) which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein, VHCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 50, the VHCDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 51 and the VHCDR3 the amino acid sequence shown in amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 52 and a light chain variable region (VL) which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein, VLCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 53, the VLCDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 54 and the VLCDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 55. A condensation of the three VHCDRs and the three VLCDRs of the LGALS3BP Ig fusion protein recited in the aforementioned paragraph is shown in the amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 5
In one embodiment, the present invention discloses a LGALS3BP Ig fusion protein which specifically binds to LGALS3BP, wherein, the Ig fusion protein comprises a heavy chain variable region (VH) which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein, VHCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 56, the VHCDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 57 and the VHCDR3 the amino acid sequence shown in amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 58 and a light chain variable region (VL) which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein, VLCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 59, the VLCDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 60 and the VLCDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 61. A condensation of the three VHCDRs and the three VLCDRs of the LGALS3BP Ig fusion protein recited in the aforementioned paragraph is shown in the amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 6.
In one embodiment, the present invention discloses a LGALS3BP Ig fusion protein which specifically binds to LGALS3BP, wherein, the Ig fusion protein comprises a heavy chain variable region (VH) which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein, VHCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 62, the VHCDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 63 and the VHCDR3 the amino acid sequence shown in amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 64 and a light chain variable region (VL) which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein, VLCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 65, the VLCDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 66 and the VLCDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 67. A condensation of the three VHCDRs and the three VLCDRs of the LGALS3BP Ig fusion protein recited in the aforementioned paragraph is shown in the amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 7.
In one embodiment, the present invention discloses a LGALS3BP Ig fusion protein which specifically binds to LGALS3BP, wherein, the Ig fusion protein comprises a heavy chain variable region (VH) which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein, VHCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 68, the VHCDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 69 and the VHCDR3 the amino acid sequence shown in amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 70 and a light chain variable region (VL) which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein, VLCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 71, the VLCDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 72 and the VLCDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 73. A condensation of the three VHCDRs and the three VLCDRs of the LGALS3BP Ig fusion protein recited in the aforementioned paragraph is shown in the amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 8.
In one embodiment, the present invention discloses a LGALS3BP Ig fusion protein which specifically binds to LGALS3BP, wherein, the Ig fusion protein comprises a heavy chain variable region (VH) which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein, VHCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 74, the VHCDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 75 and the VHCDR3 the amino acid sequence shown in amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 76 and a light chain variable region (VL) which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein, VLCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 77, the VLCDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 78 and the VLCDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 79. A condensation of the three VHCDRs and the three VLCDRs of the LGALS3BP Ig fusion protein recited in the aforementioned paragraph is shown in the amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 9.
In one embodiment, the present invention discloses a LGALS3BP Ig fusion protein which specifically binds to LGALS3BP, wherein, the Ig fusion protein comprises a heavy chain variable region (VH) which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein, VHCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 80, the VHCDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 81 and the VHCDR3 the amino acid sequence shown in amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 82 and a light chain variable region (VL) which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein, VLCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 83, the VLCDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 84 and the VLCDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 85. A condensation of the three VHCDRs and the three VLCDRs of the LGALS3BP Ig fusion protein recited in the aforementioned paragraph is shown in the amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 10.
In one embodiment, the present invention discloses a LGALS3BP Ig fusion protein which specifically binds to LGALS3BP, wherein, the Ig fusion protein comprises a heavy chain variable region (VH) which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein, VHCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 86, the VHCDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 87 and the VHCDR3 the amino acid sequence shown in amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 88 and a light chain variable region (VL) which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein, VLCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 89, the VLCDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 90 and the VLCDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 91. A condensation of the three VHCDRs and the three VLCDRs of the LGALS3BP Ig fusion protein recited in the aforementioned paragraph is shown in the amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 11.
In one embodiment, the present invention discloses a LGALS3BP Ig fusion protein which specifically binds to LGALS3BP, wherein, the Ig fusion protein comprises a heavy chain variable region (VH) which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein, VHCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 92, the VHCDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 93 and the VHCDR3 the amino acid sequence shown in amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 94 and a light chain variable region (VL) which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein, VLCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 95, the VLCDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 96 and the VLCDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 97. A condensation of the three VHCDRs and the three VLCDRs of the LGALS3BP Ig fusion protein recited in the aforementioned paragraph is shown in the amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 12.
In one embodiment, the present invention discloses a LGALS3BP Ig fusion protein which specifically binds to LGALS3BP, wherein, the Ig fusion protein comprises a heavy chain variable region (VH) which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein, VHCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 98, the VHCDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 99 and the VHCDR3 the amino acid sequence shown in amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 100 and a light chain variable region (VL) which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein, VLCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 101, the VLCDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 102 and the VLCDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 103. A condensation of the three VHCDRs and the three VLCDRs of the LGALS3BP Ig fusion protein recited in the aforementioned paragraph is shown in the amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 13.
In one embodiment, the present invention discloses a LGALS3BP Ig fusion protein which specifically binds to LGALS3BP, wherein, the Ig fusion protein comprises a heavy chain variable region (VH) which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein, VHCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 104, the VH CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 105 and the VHCDR3 the amino acid sequence shown in amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 106 and a light chain variable region (VL) which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein, VLCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 107, the VLCDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 108 and the VLCDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 109. A condensation of the three VHCDRs and the three VL CDRs of the LGALS3BP Ig fusion protein recited in the aforementioned paragraph is shown in the amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 14.
In one embodiment, the present invention discloses a LGALS3BP Ig fusion protein which specifically binds to LGALS3BP, wherein, the Ig fusion protein comprises a heavy chain variable region (VH) which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein, VHCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 110, the VH CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 111 and the VHCDR3 the amino acid sequence shown in amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 112 and a light chain variable region (VL) which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein, VLCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 113, the VLCDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 114 and the VLCDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 115. A condensation of the three VHCDRs and the three VL CDRs of the LGALS3BP Ig fusion protein recited in the aforementioned paragraph is shown in the amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 15.
In one embodiment, the present invention discloses a LGALS3BP Ig fusion protein which specifically binds to LGALS3BP, wherein, the Ig fusion protein comprises a heavy chain variable region (VH) which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein, VHCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 116, the VH CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 117 and the VHCDR3 the amino acid sequence shown in amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 118 and a light chain variable region (VL) which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein, VLCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 119, the VLCDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 120 and the VLCDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 121. A condensation of the three VHCDRs and the three VL CDRs of the LGALS3BP Ig fusion protein recited in the aforementioned paragraph is shown in the amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 16.
In one embodiment, the present invention discloses a LGALS3BP Ig fusion protein which specifically binds to LGALS3BP, wherein, the Ig fusion protein comprises a heavy chain variable region (VH) which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein, VHCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 122, the VH CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 123 and the VHCDR3 the amino acid sequence shown in amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 124 and a light chain variable region (VL) which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein, VLCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 125, the VLCDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 126 and the VLCDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 127. A condensation of the three VHCDRs and the three VL CDRs of the LGALS3BP Ig fusion protein recited in the aforementioned paragraph is shown in the amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 17.
In one embodiment, the present invention discloses a LGALS3BP Ig fusion protein which specifically binds to LGALS3BP, wherein, the Ig fusion protein comprises a heavy chain variable region (VH) which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein, VHCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 128, the VH CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 129 and the VHCDR3 the amino acid sequence shown in amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 130 and a light chain variable region (VL) which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein, VLCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 131, the VLCDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 132 and the VLCDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 133. A condensation of the three VHCDRs and the three VL CDRs of the LGALS3BP Ig fusion protein recited in the aforementioned paragraph is shown in the amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 18.
In one embodiment, the present invention discloses a LGALS3BP Ig fusion protein which specifically binds to LGALS3BP, wherein, the Ig fusion protein comprises a heavy chain variable region (VH) which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein, VHCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 134, the VH CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 135 and the VHCDR3 the amino acid sequence shown in amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 136 and a light chain variable region (VL) which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein, VLCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 137, the VLCDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 138 and the VLCDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 139. A condensation of the three VHCDRs and the three VL CDRs of the LGALS3BP Ig fusion protein recited in the aforementioned paragraph is shown in the amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 19.
In one embodiment, the present invention discloses a LGALS3BP Ig fusion protein which specifically binds to LGALS3BP, wherein, the Ig fusion protein comprises a heavy chain variable region (VH) which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein, VHCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 140, the VH CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 141 and the VHCDR3 the amino acid sequence shown in amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 142 and a light chain variable region (VL) which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein, VLCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 143, the VLCDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 144 and the VLCDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 145. A condensation of the three VHCDRs and the three VL CDRs of the LGALS3BP Ig fusion protein recited in the aforementioned paragraph is shown in the amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 20.
In one embodiment, the present invention discloses a LGALS3BP Ig fusion protein which specifically binds to LGALS3BP, wherein, the Ig fusion protein comprises a heavy chain variable region (VH) which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein, VHCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 146, the VH CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 147 and the VHCDR3 the amino acid sequence shown in amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 148 and a light chain variable region (VL) which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein, VLCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 149, the VLCDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 150 and the VLCDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 151. A condensation of the three VHCDRs and the three VL CDRs of the LGALS3BP Ig fusion protein recited in the aforementioned paragraph is shown in the amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 21.
In one embodiment, the present invention discloses a LGALS3BP Ig fusion protein which specifically binds to LGALS3BP, wherein, the Ig fusion protein comprises a heavy chain variable region (VH) which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein, VHCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 152, the VH CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 153 and the VHCDR3 the amino acid sequence shown in amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 154 and a light chain variable region (VL) which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein, VLCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 155, the VLCDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 156 and the VLCDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 157. A condensation of the three VHCDRs and the three VL CDRs of the LGALS3BP Ig fusion protein recited in the aforementioned paragraph is shown in the amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 22.
In one embodiment, the present invention discloses a LGALS3BP Ig fusion protein which specifically binds to LGALS3BP, wherein, the Ig fusion protein comprises a heavy chain variable region (VH) which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein, VHCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 158, the VH CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 159 and the VHCDR3 the amino acid sequence shown in amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 160 and a light chain variable region (VL) which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein, VLCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 161, the VLCDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 162 and the VLCDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 163. A condensation of the three VHCDRs and the three VL CDRs of the LGALS3BP Ig fusion protein recited in the aforementioned paragraph is shown in the amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 23.
In one embodiment, the present invention discloses a LGALS3BP Ig fusion protein which specifically binds to LGALS3BP, wherein, the Ig fusion protein comprises a heavy chain variable region (VH) which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein, VHCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 164, the VH CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 165 and the VHCDR3 the amino acid sequence shown in amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 166 and a light chain variable region (VL) which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein, VLCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 167, the VLCDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 168 and the VLCDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 169. A condensation of the three VHCDRs and the three VL CDRs of the LGALS3BP Ig fusion protein recited in the aforementioned paragraph is shown in the amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 24.
In one embodiment, the present invention discloses a LGALS3BP Ig fusion protein which specifically binds to LGALS3BP, wherein, the Ig fusion protein comprises a heavy chain variable region (VH) which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein, VHCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 170, the VH CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 171 and the VHCDR3 the amino acid sequence shown in amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 172 and a light chain variable region (VL) which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein, VLCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 173, the VLCDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 174 and the VLCDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 175. A condensation of the three VHCDRs and the three VL CDRs of the LGALS3BP Ig fusion protein recited in the aforementioned paragraph is shown in the amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 25.
In one embodiment, the present invention discloses a LGALS3BP Ig fusion protein which specifically binds to LGALS3BP, wherein, the Ig fusion protein comprises a heavy chain variable region (VH) which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein, VHCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 176, the VH CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 177 and the VHCDR3 the amino acid sequence shown in amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 178 and a light chain variable region (VL) which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein, VLCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 179, the VLCDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 180 and the VLCDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 181. A condensation of the three VHCDRs and the three VL CDRs of the LGALS3BP Ig fusion protein recited in the aforementioned paragraph is shown in the amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 26.
In one embodiment, the present invention discloses a LGALS3BP Ig fusion protein which specifically binds to LGALS3BP, wherein, the Ig fusion protein comprises a heavy chain variable region (VH) which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein, VHCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 182, the VH CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 183 and the VHCDR3 the amino acid sequence shown in amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 184 and a light chain variable region (VL) which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein, VLCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 185, the VLCDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 186 and the VLCDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 187. A condensation of the three VHCDRs and the three VL CDRs of the LGALS3BP Ig fusion protein recited in the aforementioned paragraph is shown in the amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 27.
In one embodiment, the present invention discloses a LGALS3BP Ig fusion protein which specifically binds to LGALS3BP, wherein, the Ig fusion protein comprises a heavy chain variable region (VH) which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein, VHCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 188, the VH CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 189 and the VHCDR3 the amino acid sequence shown in amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 190 and a light chain variable region (VL) which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein, VLCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 191, the VLCDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 192 and the VLCDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 193. A condensation of the three VHCDRs and the three VL CDRs of the LGALS3BP Ig fusion protein recited in the aforementioned paragraph is shown in the amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 28.
In one embodiment, the present invention discloses a LGALS3BP Ig fusion protein which specifically binds to LGALS3BP, wherein, the Ig fusion protein comprises a heavy chain variable region (VH) which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein, VHCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 194, the VH CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 195 and the VHCDR3 the amino acid sequence shown in amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 196 and a light chain variable region (VL) which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein, VLCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 197, the VLCDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 198 and the VLCDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 199. A condensation of the three VHCDRs and the three VL CDRs of the LGALS3BP Ig fusion protein recited in the aforementioned paragraph is shown in the amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 29.
In one embodiment, the present invention discloses a LGALS3BP Ig fusion protein which specifically binds to LGALS3BP, wherein, the Ig fusion protein comprises a heavy chain variable region (VH) which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein, VHCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 200, the VH CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 201 and the VHCDR3 the amino acid sequence shown in amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 202 and a light chain variable region (VL) which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein, VLCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 203, the VLCDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 204 and the VLCDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 205. A condensation of the three VHCDRs and the three VL CDRs of the LGALS3BP Ig fusion protein recited in the aforementioned paragraph is shown in the amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 30.
In one embodiment, the present invention discloses a LGALS3BP Ig fusion protein which specifically binds to LGALS3BP, wherein, the Ig fusion protein comprises a heavy chain variable region (VH) which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein, VHCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 206, the VH CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 207 and the VHCDR3 the amino acid sequence shown in amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 208 and a light chain variable region (VL) which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), wherein, VLCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 209, the VLCDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 210 and the VLCDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 211. A condensation of the three VHCDRs and the three VL CDRs of the LGALS3BP Ig fusion protein recited in the aforementioned paragraph is shown in the amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 31.
In one embodiment, the VH and the VL are in a single polypeptide chain. For embodiment, the Ig fusion protein which specifically binds to LGALS3BP is:
In selected embodiments of the present invention, it is contemplated that the VL and VH are in separate polypeptide chains For example, the Ig fusion protein which specifically binds to LGALS3BP is:
In preferred embodiments of the present invention the Ig fusion protein which specifically binds to LGALS3BPs of the present invention are full length antibodies.
Tables 1-7 present different amino acid sequences descriptive of the Ig fusion proteins which specifically binds to LGALS3BPs described by various embodiment of the present invention.
In one embodiment of the present invention is a kit. This Human uG3BP ELISA kit is used for the non-radioactive quantification of human G3BP (galectin-3-binding protein, LGALS3BP, lectin galactoside-binding soluble 3 binding protein, M2BP; Mac-2 BP; 90K/Mac-2-binding protein) in urine samples. One kit is sufficient to measure 38 unknown samples in duplicate.
This assay is a Sandwich ELISA based, sequentially, on: 1) capture of human G3BP molecules from samples to the wells of a microtiter plate coated with an anti-human G3BP monoclonal antibody, 2) washing of unbound materials from samples, 3) binding of a second biotinylated anti-human G3BP monoclonal antibody to the captured molecules, 4) washing of unbound materials from samples, 5) binding of streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugate to the immobilized biotinylated antibodies, 6) washing of excess free enzyme conjugates, and 7) quantification of immobilized antibody-enzyme conjugates by monitoring horseradish peroxidase activities in the presence of the substrate 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). The enzyme activity is measured spectrophotometrically by the increased absorbance at 450 nm-590 nm after acidification of formed products. Since the increase in absorbance is directly proportional to the amount of captured human G3BP in the unknown sample, the latter can be derived by interpolation from a reference curve generated in the same assay with reference standards of known concentrations of human G3BP. It will be appreciated to one of skill in the art that the anti-human G3BP monoclonal antibodies described by SEQ ID Nos: 2-31 may be incorporated into the instant assay.
Each kit is sufficient to run one 96-well plate and contains the following reagents: (store all reagents at 2-8° C.).
All components are shipped and stored at 2-8° C. Reconstituted standards and controls can be frozen for future use but repeated freeze/thaw cycles should be avoided. Refer to expiration dates on all reagents prior to use. Do not mix reagents from different kits unless they have the same lot numbers.
Warm All Reagents to Room Temperature before Setting Up the Assay.
The following examples are intended for illustration only and should not be construed to limit the scope of the claimed invention.
In order to find predictive markers of disease activity in LN patients, the mRNA profiles of PBMCs isolated from LN patients were assessed and compared these profiles to those of healthy controls (HC). PBMCs were isolated from whole blood of HC (n=4) and LN donors (n=9) by Ficoll gradient. Gene expression profiling was performed by RNA-seq. FPKM values are shown. LN patients were grouped into Low interferon (IFN) or High IFN based on the median average z-score of four IFN-inducible genes, IFI44L, RSAD2, MX1, and OAS2 (Hagberg N and Rönnblom L, Scand J Immunol 2015 September; 82(3):199-20). LGALS3BP mRNA levels were significantly higher in the LN (High IFN) group vs the LN (Low IFN) group (p=0.044) and the HC group (p=0.028). From the profiling described above it was found that LGALS3BP mRNA expression was one of the best genes whose levels could be used to distinguish between LN and HC PBMCs (
LGALS3BP has an IRF7 binding site consistent with regulation by type I interferons. In order to discover which pathways can induce LGALS3BP expression, primary human monocytes were differentiated into macrophages in vitro and were subsequently stimulated with IFNα, IFNγ, TLR4 agonist (LPS), TLR7/8 agonist (resiquimod) and TLR9 agonist (CpG). IFNα, IFNγ, and LPS induced LGALS3BP mRNA expression (
To determine if increased mRNA levels in PBMCs led to increased levels of LGALS3BP protein in patient blood, LGALS3BP was measured by ELISA in plasma from LN patients, SLE patients and healthy control (HC) donors. No significant difference in plasma LGALS3BP levels between these three groups were found despite the upregulated mRNA in PBMCs (
LN is characterized by kidney inflammation. Current tests to monitor disease activity measure kidney function in blood and urine but not causal inflammation. LGALS3BP is induced by inflammatory stimuli and its elevated presence in urine could reflect kidney inflammation. In order to determine if increased urinary LGALS3BP is relevant as a urinary protein measurement to monitor inflammation in lupus nephritis, LGALS3BP's mRNA expression profile was examined in kidney biopsies. GEO dataset (GSE32592) that contained a total of 46 kidney biopsy samples (n=14 HC and 32 LN) that were collected from the European Renal cDNA Bank was used. The glomeruli and tubulointerstitium were isolated by microdissection and expression profiling was performed using Affymetrix GeneChip arrays. After initial quality control assessments and normalization, the expression level of LGALS3BP was found to be significantly higher in both the glomeruli (1.5-fold, p=9.2e-12) and tubulointerstitium (2.2-fold, p=1.5e-4) of LN patients compared to healthy controls (
Global differential expression was also evaluated in order to elucidate all the genes that were significantly modulated in LN patients. Using the R package limma, a model was constructed to perform the differential expression calculations while controlling for tissue differences. This allowed for the utilization of data from both the glomeruli and tubulointerstitium together. Of the 12,030 total genes included in the analysis, only 166 genes had a p-value less than 0 01 and a fold change of at least 2. The genes significantly upregulated in LN numbered 137 while 29 genes were downregulated in LN. In this analysis, LGALS3BP had a p-value of 2.11e-8 and was in the top 3% of genes with the lowest p-values. These data confirm that LGALS3BP is one of the few genes significantly upregulated in both the glomeruli and tubulointerstitium of LN kidney biopsies and, thereby, is a good predictive marker.
Staining of LN kidney biopsies with anti-LGALS3BP antibodies showed increased levels and punctate patterns in certain areas, specifically around tubules in patients with and without tubolointerstitial nephritis (
To further investigate if increased LGALS3BP kidney expression is induced by local inflammation its expression in BXSB-Yaa lupus mice was measured. These mice spontaneously develop systemic symptoms of SLE and LN-like inflammation and damage of the kidneys. The model is based on a duplication of the Yaa locus, which encompasses the TLR7 gene and results in increased TLR7 expression and type I interferon inflammation. Measuring the murine homolog of LGALS3BP elevated levels in mice were found with disease only when kidney damage and inflammation were detected by histology evaluating glomerular crescents, protein casts, interstitial inflammation, and vasculitis (
The following experiment was designed to determine if increased LGALS3BP expression in patient kidneys translated into a measurable difference in urine protein levels, which could distinguish between LN patients, SLE patients, and healthy control donors. LGALS3BP protein was measured by ELISA in urine from LN patients, SLE patients and healthy controls. After normalizing the data to urine creatinine levels, it was found that LGALS3BP (
How the urine protein levels of LGALS3BP compared to other common urinalysis readouts, such as total protein levels or albumin levels was next considered. After normalizing all values to urine creatinine levels, total protein levels or albumin levels were found to perform as well to distinguish LN patients from SLE and HC donors. Both total protein levels (
In order to apply these data to the construction of a diagnostic test, values associated with renal inflammation needed to be defined. In order to arrive at these values, the maximum value from the healthy control samples was set as the cutoff, meaning that any sample with a value higher than the maximum healthy control sample would likely have kidney inflammation. The rationale for this is based upon the assumption that healthy control donors should not have any inflammation and therefore, the values found in healthy controls should represent the normal range. For LGALS3BP/creatinine ratios, protein/creatinine ratios, and albumin/creatinine ratios, the cutoff values were 3.133, 0.166, and 0.457, respectively. Using these values, it was found that for LGALS3BP, 50 LN and 12 SLE samples were above the cutoff (
To validate LGALS3BP as a predictive marker for LN, we further examined detected LGALS3BP in terms of total protein or albumin levels. To determine this, the Pearson correlation coefficients were assessed comparing these three measurements to one another after normalizing to urine creatinine levels. Through this empirical inquiry a very strong correlation between total protein and albumin levels was found (R=0.95;
LN patients have higher levels of total protein, albumin and LGALS3BP as compared to SLE and HC donors. In most sample donors these values remained fairly constant, especially in the HC and SLE groups over the course of time. In some LN patients, however, spikes were observed in the total protein (
For all purposes in the United States of America, each and every publication and patent document cited herein is incorporated by reference for all purposes as if each such publication or document was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated, herein, by reference.
While the invention has been described with reference to the specific embodiments, changes can be made and equivalents can be substituted to adapt to a particular context or intended use, thereby achieving benefits of the invention without departing from the scope of the claims that follow.
As show in
Active LN vs. remitting LN shows striking differences. This is significant in view of the advantages of the urinary LGALS3BP assay described in the instant application: to differentiate between active vs. chronic disease. As shown in
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It is understood that in light of the teachings of this invention to one of ordinary skill in the art that certain changes and modifications may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/435,235, filed on Dec. 16, 2016, which is, hereby, incorporated by reference.
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
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PCT/US17/67114 | 12/18/2017 | WO | 00 |
Number | Date | Country | |
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62435235 | Dec 2016 | US |