Patent Application
20130247535
Spandex is known to display increased tackiness as compared to conventional, inelastic fibers. Because of their increased tackiness, spandex filaments may cohere to each other or alternatively adhere to various surfaces. High tackiness becomes especially problematic in packaging where spandex filament is wound around a core. The close proximity of the fibers plus the pressure on the fibers, especially near the core, may cause adjacent pieces of filament to cohere to each other, leaving the effected filament unusable since the fibers can be difficult to remove from the wound package without breaking. Unusable filament commonly occurs at the core and is referred to as “core waste”. After packaging, filament tackiness may increase during storage depending on time and temperature. Longer storage time and higher temperatures equate to increased tackiness and more core waste than freshly spun and packaged spandex. Accordingly, a reduction in spandex tackiness would reduce core waste and increase cost effectiveness.
Before the present disclosure is described in greater detail, it is to be understood that this disclosure is not limited to particular embodiments described, as such may, of course, vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting, since the scope of the present disclosure will be limited only by the appended claims.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. Although any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can also be used in the practice or testing of the present disclosure, the preferred methods and materials are now described.
All publications and patents cited in this specification are herein incorporated by reference as if each individual publication or patent were specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference and are incorporated herein by reference to disclose and describe the methods and/or materials in connection with which the publications are cited. The citation of any publication is for its disclosure prior to the filing date and should not be construed as an admission that the present disclosure is not entitled to antedate such publication by virtue of prior disclosure. Further, the dates of publication provided could be different from the actual publication dates that may need to be independently confirmed.
As will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reading this disclosure, each of the individual embodiments described and illustrated herein has discrete components and features that may be readily separated from or combined with the features of any of the other several embodiments without departing from the scope or spirit of the present disclosure. Any recited method can be carried out in the order of events recited or in any other order that is logically possible.
Embodiments of the present disclosure will employ, unless otherwise indicated, techniques of chemistry, fabrics, textiles, and the like, which are within the skill of the art. Such techniques are fully explained in the literature.
The following examples are put forth so as to provide those of ordinary skill in the art with a complete disclosure and description of how to perform the methods and use the compositions and compounds disclosed and claimed herein. Efforts have been made to ensure accuracy with respect to numbers (e.g., amounts, temperature, etc.), but some errors and deviations should be accounted for. Unless indicated otherwise, parts are parts by weight, temperature is in ° C., and pressure is in atmospheres. Standard temperature and pressure are defined as 25° C. and 1 atmosphere.
Before the embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail, it is to be understood that, unless otherwise indicated, the present disclosure is not limited to particular materials, reagents, reaction materials, manufacturing processes, or the like, as such can vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for purposes of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting. It is also possible in the present disclosure that steps can be executed in different sequence where this is logically possible.
It must be noted that, as used in the specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to “a support” includes a plurality of supports. In this specification and in the claims that follow, reference will be made to a number of terms that shall be defined to have the following meanings unless a contrary intention is apparent.
Definitions
As used herein, the term “anti-tack agent” or “anti-tack additive” refers to an additive or agent used in spandex filament preparation. In an embodiment, the anti-tack agent can reduce tackiness of spandex filaments.
As used herein, the term “soluble” as applied to anti-tack agents refers to the ability of the anti-tack agent to dissolve in typical solvents used for spandex spinning, including but not limited to, dimethyl acetamide (DMAc), dimethyl formamide (DMF), and N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP).
As used herein, the term “fiber” refers to filamentous material that can be used in fabric and yarn as well as textile fabrication. One or more fibers can be used to produce a fabric or yarn. The yarn can be fully drawn or textured according to methods known in the art.
As used herein, “spandex” refers to synthetic fiber in which the fiber-forming substance is a long chain synthetic elastomer comprised of about 85% or more by weight of a segmented polyurethane, where polyurethaneureas are considered a sub-class of such polyurethanes. Such a synthetic fiber may be wound on a cylindrical core to form a supply package. Spandex compositions may be prepared by a wet-spinning or a dry-spinning process and can have any of a variety of cross-sections such as a round cross-section or a flat “tape-like” cross section. Alternatively, a polyurethane solution can be cast and dried to form a “tape” configuration. mm
Embodiments of the present disclosure provide for an elastic fiber containing an anti-tack agent incorporated into the fiber, methods of preparing the fiber, methods of using this fiber, laminates including the fiber, fabrics including the fiber, garments, textiles including the fiber, and the like. Embodiments of the present disclosure provide elastic fibers that provide good delivery of the fiber from the package or core. Embodiments of the present disclosure reduce yarn tackiness, improve shelf life and/or improve the spinning performance of the yarn. Embodiments of the present disclosure provide smooth and even delivery of the elastic fiber, which may reduce pinching, breakage, and/or other damage of the fiber, as opposed to other elastic fibers that cause irregular delivery of the fibers.
Embodiments of the present disclosure include elastic or spandex fibers that include a soluble anti-tack composition. The anti-tack composition can include compounds that provide an anti-tack benefit to the spandex fiber. In an embodiment, the soluble anti-tack composition can include a cellulose ester (CE) such as a specific cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) and/or cellulose acetate propionate (CAP). In an embodiment, the soluble anti-tack composition can optionally include CE with an additional additive such as calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, organic stearates, silicon oil, mineral oil, and mixtures thereof. These compositions can be added to the polyurethane or polyurethaneurea polymer prior to spinning of the fiber or on a spinning machine basis (e.g., to improve shelf life of the yarn and/or improve the spinning performance of the yarn).
Use of CE in yarns and the like can be advantageous because significant reductions in yarn tackiness and/or improvements in spinning performance (e.g., fewer breaks) can be realized using less than 1% of CE, by weight of the fiber, although higher concentrations can be used. In addition, CE is highly soluble in DMAc and allows excellent polymer processing performance. Furthermore, CE improves slurry milling efficiency and slurry stability for CE containing slurries.
Use of CE, provide reduced tackiness that results in improved yarn delivery to the core of the cake even as the yarn age increases at elevated yarn storage temperature (up to 47° C.). In addition, CE improve spinning performance by reducing yarn break levels, which results in higher plant yields (lower cost of manufacturing and increased plant productivity) and fewer yarn defects (higher yarn quality). Additional details are provided in Example 1.
In an embodiment, the elastic fiber of the present disclosure comprises polyurethane or polyurethaneurea and CE, as well as one or more additives. In other embodiments, the elastic fiber may or may not include a spin finish. In certain embodiments, the elastic fiber or the anti-tack composition may include at least one additional particulate anti-tack agent in addition to the compound, (e.g., CE) noted herein.
In an embodiment, the elastic fiber of the present disclosure includes, for example, about 0.1% to 1.0%, about 0.1% to 5%, about 0.1% to 10.0%, about 0.1% to 15.0%, about 0.1% to 20%, about 0.1% to 25%, about 0.1% to 50.0%, about 0.5% to about 5.0% and about 1.0% to 5.0%, of the CE by weight of the fiber.
In an embodiment, the elastic fiber of the present disclosure includes an additive. In an embodiment, the additive may contain about 0.1% to 1.0%, about 0.1% to 2.0%, about 0.1% to 3.0%, about 0.1% to 4.0%, about 0.1% to 5.0%, about 0.1% to 6.0%, about 0.1% to 7.0%, about 0.1% to 8.0%, about 0.1% to 9.0%, or about 0.1% to 10.0% of an additive (e.g., a stearate, a silicon oil, or a mineral oil).
In an embodiment, the viscosity of the silicon oil or mineral oil may be, for example, from about 1 centistoke to 200 centistokes, about 5 centistokes to 150 centistokes, about 10 centistokes to 100 centistokes, or about 20 centistokes to 50 centistokes.
In an embodiment, the elastic fiber of the present disclosure comprises polyurethane or polyurethaneurea and about 0.1% to 25% by weight, of CE. Embodiments of the elastic fiber may contain a further additive, such as calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, organic stearate, silicon oil, mineral oil, and mixtures thereof. In certain embodiments, the elastic fiber excludes a spin finish. The elastic fiber of the present disclosure may include a spin finish which includes about 0.5% to 7.0% of a topically applied mineral oil or silicon oil or mixtures containing mineral oil or silicon oil by weight of the final fiber (i.e., weight once applied).
An embodiment of the present disclosure includes a yarn package that includes an elastic fiber as described herein. In an embodiment, the yarn package can have over-end take-off tension (OETOT) at the surface, center, and/or core, additional details are described in the Examples. In an embodiment, the yarn package has a core OETOT that is about 70% or less, about 65% or less, about 60% or less, about 55% or less, about 50% or less, about 45% or less, about 40% or less, about 35% or less, about 30% or less, about 25% or less, about 20% or less, about 15% or less, of the core OETOT of a yarn that does not include the soluble anti-tack composition. In an embodiment, the yarn package has a center OETOT that is about 55% or less, about 50% or less, about 45% or less, about 40% or less, about 35% or less, about 30% or less, about 25% or less, about 20% or less, about 15% or less, of the core OETOT of a yarn that does not include the soluble anti-tack composition. In an embodiment, the yarn package has a surface OETOT that is about 40% or less, about 35% or less, about 30% or less, about 25% or less, about 20% or less, about 15% or less, of the core OETOT of a yarn that does not include the soluble anti-tack composition. In an embodiment, a yarn package can have any combination of the core, center, and/or surface OETOT described above.
Embodiments of the present disclosure include a process for preparing any one of the elastic fiber as described herein. The process comprises preparing a composition including at least polyurethane, a polyurethaneurea, or mixtures thereof. Next, the process, optionally, includes adding an additive to the composition (e.g., calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, organic stearate, silicon oil, mineral oil, or mixtures thereof). Subsequently, the process includes adding CE to the composition. Next, the process includes preparing a fiber from the composition by a spinning process (e.g., wet spinning, dry spinning, and melt spinning). In an embodiment, the yarn spinning breaks is reduced by about 20% or more, about 25% or more, about 30% or more, about 35% or more, about 40% or more, about 45% or more, about 50% or more, about 55% or more, about 60% or more, about 65% or more, about 70% or more, about 75% or more, about 80% or more, about 85% or more, about 90% or more, about 95% or more, or about 100%, relative to a fiber that does not include the anti-tack composition. Yarn spinning breaks is discussed in more detail in the Examples.
In an embodiment, the process comprises preparing a composition containing at least one polyurethane or polyurethaneurea, or mixtures thereof, adding, optionally, an additive to the composition selected from calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, organic stearate, silicon oil, mineral oil, and mixtures thereof, adding about 0.1% to 25% of CE to the composition, and preparing fiber from the resulting composition by a spinning process selected from wet spinning, dry spinning, and melt spinning.
In an embodiment, the polymers used to create the elastic fibers of the present disclosure may generally be prepared by capping a macromolecular glycol with, for example, a diisocyanate, then dissolving the resulting capped glycol in a suitable solvent (e.g., dimethylacetamide (DMAc), N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, and the like), and chain-extending the capped glycol with chain extenders such as diols to form polyurethanes, or diamines to form polyurethaneureas. Polyurethaneurea compositions useful for preparing fiber or long chain synthetic polymers include at least 85% by weight of a segmented polyurethane. Typically, these include a polymeric glycol which is reacted with a diisocyanate to form an NCO-terminated prepolymer (a “capped glycol”), which is then dissolved in a suitable solvent, such as dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide, or N-methylpyrrolidone, and secondarily reacted with a difunctional chain extender.
Polyurethanes are formed in a second step when the chain extenders are diols (and may be prepared without solvent). Polyurethaneureas, a sub-class of polyurethanes, are formed when the chain extenders are diamines. In the preparation of a polyurethaneurea polymer which can be spun into spandex, the glycols are extended by sequential reaction of the hydroxy end groups with diisocyanates and one or more diamines. In each case, the glycols must undergo chain extension to provide a polymer with the necessary properties, including viscosity. If desired, dibutyltin dilaurate, stannous octoate, mineral acids, tertiary amines such as triethylamine, N,N′-dimethylpiperazine, and the like, and other known catalysts can be used to assist in the capping step.
In an embodiment, suitable polymeric glycol components include, but are not limited to, polyether glycols, polycarbonate glycols, and polyester glycols of number average molecular weight of about 600 to 3,500. Mixtures of two or more polymeric glycol or copolymers can be included.
In an embodiment, examples of polyether glycols that can be used include, but are not limited to, those glycols with two hydroxyl groups, from ring-opening polymerization and/or copolymerization of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, trimethylene oxide, tetrahydrofuran, and 3-methyltetrahydrofuran, or from condensation polymerization of a polyhydric alcohol, such as a diol or diol mixtures, with less than 12 carbon atoms in each molecule, such as ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol 1,6-hexanediol, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3 propanediol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, 1,10-decanediol and 1,12-dodecanediol. A poly(tetramethylene ether) glycol of molecular weight of about 1,700 to about 2,100, such as Terathane® 1800 (INVISTA of Wichita, Kans.) with a functionality of 2, is an example of a specific suitable glycol. Co-polymers can include poly(tetramethylene-co-ethyleneether) glycol.
In an embodiment, examples of polyester polyols that can be used include, but are not limited to, those ester glycols with two hydroxyl groups, produced by condensation polymerization of aliphatic polycarboxylic acids and polyols, or their mixtures, of low molecular weights with no more than 12 carbon atoms in each molecule. Examples of suitable polycarboxylic acids include, but are not limited to, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, undecanedicarboxylic acid, and dodecanedicarboxylic acid. Examples of suitable polyols for preparing the polyester polyols include, but are not limited to, ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol 1,6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, 1,10-decanediol and 1,12-dodecanediol. A linear bifunctional polyester polyol with a melting temperature of about 5° C. to 50° C. is an example of a specific polyester polyol.
In an embodiment, examples of polycarbonate polyols that can be used include, but are not limited to, those carbonate glycols with two or more hydroxy groups, produced by condensation polymerization of phosgene, chloroformic acid ester, dialkyl carbonate or diallyl carbonate and aliphatic polyols, or their mixtures, of low molecular weights with no more than 12 carbon atoms in each molecule. Examples of suitable polyols for preparing the polycarbonate polyols include, but are not limited to, diethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, 1,10-decanediol and 1,12-dodecanediol. A linear, bifunctional polycarbonate polyol with a melting temperature of about 5° C. to about 50° C. is an example of a specific polycarbonate polyol.
In an embodiment, the diisocyanate component can also include a single diisocyanate or a mixture of different diisocyanates including an isomer mixture of diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) containing 4,4′-methylene bis(phenyl isocyanate) and 2,4′-methylene bis(phenyl isocyanate). Any suitable aromatic or aliphatic diisocyanate can be included. Examples of diisocyanates that can be used include, but are not limited to, 4,4′-methylene bis(phenyl isocyanate), 2,4′-methylene bis(phenyl isocyanate), 4,4′-methylenebis(cyclohexyl isocyanate), 1,3-diisocyanato-4-methyl-benzene, 2,2′-toluenediisocyanate, 2,4′-toluenediisocyanate, and mixtures thereof.
In an embodiment, a chain extender may be either water or a diamine chain extender for a polyurethaneurea. Combinations of different chain extenders may be included depending on the desired properties of the polyurethaneurea and the resulting fiber. Examples of suitable diamine chain extenders include, but are not limited to: hydrazine; 1,2-ethylenediamine; 1,4-butanediamine; 1,2-butanediamine; 1,3-butanediamine; 1,3-diamino-2,2-dimethylbutane; 1,6-hexamethylenediamine; 1,12-dodecanediamine; 1,2-propanediamine; 1,3-propanediamine; 2-methyl-1,5-pentanediamine; 1-amino-3,3,5-trimethyl-5-aminomethylcyclohexane; 2,4-diamino-1-methylcyclohexane; N-methylamino-bis(3-propylamine); 1,2-cyclohexanediamine; 1,4-cyclohexanediamine; 4,4′-methylene-bis(cyclohexylamine); isophorone diamine; 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine; meta-tetramethylxylenediamine; 1,3-diamino-4-methylcyclohexane; 1,3-cyclohexane-diamine; 1,1-methylene-bis(4,4′-diaminohexane); 3-aminomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane; 1,3-pentanediamine (1,3-diaminopentane); m-xylylene diamine; and Jeffamine® (Texaco).
When a polyurethane is desired, the chain extender is a diol. Examples of such diols that may be used include, but are not limited to, ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,5-pentanediol, 2-methyl-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,4-bis(hydroxyethoxy)benzene, and 1,4-butanediol, hexanediol and mixtures thereof.
In an embodiment, a monofunctional alcohol or a primary/secondary monofunctional amine may optionally be included to control the molecular weight of the polymer. Blends of one or more monofunctional alcohols with one or more monofunctional amines may also be included. Examples of monofunctional alcohols useful with the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, at least one member selected from the group consisting of aliphatic and cycloaliphatic primary and secondary alcohols with 1 to 18 carbons, phenol, substituted phenols, ethoxylated alkyl phenols and ethoxylated fatty alcohols with molecular weight less than about 750, including molecular weight less than 500, hydroxyamines, hydroxymethyl and hydroxyethyl substituted tertiary amines, hydroxymethyl and hydroxyethyl substituted heterocyclic compounds, and combinations thereof, including furfuryl alcohol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)succinimide, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)morpholine, methanol, ethanol, butanol, neopentyl alcohol, hexanol, cyclohexanol, cyclohexanemethanol, benzyl alcohol, octanol, octadecanol, N,N-diethylhydroxylamine, 2-(diethylamino)ethanol, 2-dimethylaminoethanol, and 4-piperidineethanol, and combinations thereof. Examples of suitable mono-functional dialkylamine blocking agents include, but not limited to: N,N-diethylamine, N-ethyl-N-propylamine, N,N-diisopropylamine, N-tert-butyl-N-methylamine, N-tert-butyl-N-benzylamine, N,N-dicyclohexylamine, N-ethyl-N-isopropylamine, N-tert-butyl-N-isopropylamine, N-isopropyl-N-cyclohexylamine, N-ethyl-N-cyclohexylamine, N,N-diethanolamine, and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine.
In an embodiment, after synthesizing the polymer solution of the present disclosure, an anti-tack additive is incorporated into the solution. The solution having the anti-tack additive dispersed therein may be dry-spun to form the elastic fiber of the present disclosure. Dry-spinning refers to the process of forcing a polymer solution through spinneret orifices into a shaft to form a filament. Heated inert gas is passed through the chamber, evaporating the solvent from the filament as the filament passes through the shaft. The resulting elastic fiber may then be wound on a cylindrical core to form a spandex supply package. A wet-spinning process may also be used as well as the casting and drying of the polymer solution.
In an embodiment, the elastic fiber of the present disclosure may contain an additional, conventional additive that are added for specific purposes, such as antioxidants, thermal stabilizers, UV stabilizers, pigments and delusterants (for example titanium dioxide), dyes and dye enhancers, lubricating agents (for example silicone oil), additives to enhance resistance to chlorine degradation (for example zinc oxide; magnesium oxide and mixtures of huntite and hydromagnesite), and the like, so long as such additives do not produce antagonistic effects with the spandex elastomer or anti-tack additive of this disclosure. Some of the conventional additives, such as titanium dioxide, exhibit small effects on over-end take-off tension (OETOT) measurements, the parameter used to judge tackiness of the elastic fiber (as described below in the Examples), but none of them has an appreciable effect on the OETOT measurements and are not added to the spandex in amounts so as to reduce tackiness.
Embodiments of the present disclosure include articles of manufacture comprising the elastic fiber of the present disclosure. These articles of manufacture include, but are not limited to, a fabric and laminate structures.
In an embodiment, the present disclosure provides a fabric comprising an elastic fiber which contains polyurethane or polyurethaneurea and about 0.1% to 25% by weight of CE. An additional additive may be included, such as calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, organic stearate, silicon oil, mineral oil, and mixtures thereof.
In an embodiment, the laminate structure comprises an elastic fiber of the present disclosure which has a polyurethane or polyurethaneurea, about 0.1% to 25% by weight of CE and at least one additional additive, such as calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, organic stearate, silicon oil, mineral oil, and mixtures thereof. In certain embodiments, the fiber is adhered to one or more layers of a substrate, such as a fabric, nonwoven, film, and combinations thereof.
The laminate structure may be adhered by an adhesive, ultrasonic bonding, thermal bonding or combinations thereof. The laminate structure may comprise a disposable hygiene article such as diapers, training pants, adult incontinence articles, or feminine hygiene articles.
Having described the embodiments of the present disclosure, in general, the following Examples describe some additional embodiments of the present disclosure. While embodiments of present disclosure are described in connection with the following examples and the corresponding text and figures, there is no intent to limit embodiments of the present disclosure to this description. On the contrary, the intent is to cover all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents included within the spirit and scope of embodiments of the present disclosure.
Over-end take-off tension (OETOT) was determined as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,296,174, col. 4, lines 20-45, and FIG. 6, which is incorporated herein by reference. Measurement is made of the average tensile load required to remove a 183 m length of sample of spandex yarn from a tubular supply package of the yarn at a delivery rate of 45.7 m/min. In the example below, measurements are made surface, center, and core of the package. For example, measurements are made after a few grams of fiber are removed to establish the intended winding pattern, i.e. “surface” OETOT; measurements are made after roughly one-half of the package is removed, i.e. “center” OETOT; and measurement are made after all but roughly 125 g of the fiber has been removed from the package, i.e. “core”, OETOT. OETOT is reported in grams after 5 days aging at 47° C., in order to simulate conditions approximating about one year of storage.
An elastic fiber with the CAB antitack additive at levels ranging from 0 to 4% was prepared according to the following methods. CAB was spun into about 40 denier (44 decitex) polyurethaneurea fiber with a topically applied finish on a dry spin machine.
Each of the spandex samples of this disclosure showed an appreciable improvement in OETOT compared to the control spandex as given in Table 1 shown below.
In FIG. 1 shown below illustrates that the CAB additive significantly reduced the yarn tackiness at the “core” of the supply package as measured by over-end-take-off-tension (OETOT). Low OETOT compared to the control item with no CAB is desirable because it indicates that less tension (i.e. a smaller tensile load) is needed to unwind the spandex indicating that the spandex is less tacky. See U.S. Pat. No. 6,232,374, col. 6, lines 58-65, Example 1, as a reference.
Yarn spinning breaks are measured by counting the total number of times the spinning thread lines break per day as the solvent in evaporated from the filament as the filament passes through the spin shaft on a dry spinning machine.
An elastic fiber with the CAB anti-tack additive at levels of about 0 to 1.5% was prepared according to the following methods. Yarn type A: CAB was spun into about 40 denier (44 decitex) polyurethaneurea fiber with standard levels of additives and with topically applied finish on a dry spin machine. Yarn type B: the same as yarn type A, but with an additional 2.5% of a spun in dye-enhancer additive.
In Table 2 shown below illustrates the addition of the CAB additive significantly reduced the number of spinning breaks on both Yarn types A & B.
It should be noted that ratios, concentrations, amounts, and other numerical data may expressed herein in a range format. It is to be understood that such a range format is used for convenience and brevity, and thus, should be interpreted in a flexible manner to include not only the numerical values explicitly recited as the limits of the range, but also to include all the individual numerical values or sub-ranges encompassed within that range as if each numerical value and sub-range is explicitly recited. To illustrate, a concentration range of “about 0.1% to about 5%” should be interpreted to include not only the explicitly recited concentration of about 0.1 wt % to about 5 wt %, bu also the individual concentrations (e.g., 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%) and the sub-ranges (e.g., 0.5%, 1.1%, 2.2%, 3.3%, and 4.4%) within the indicated range. In an embodiment, the term “about” can include traditional rounding according to significant figures of the numerical value. In addition, the phrase “about ‘x’ to ‘y’” includes “about ‘x’ to about ‘y’”.
Many variations and modifications may be made to the above-described embodiments. All such modifications and variations are intended to be included herein within the scope of this disclosure and protected by the following claims.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US2011/052087 | 9/19/2011 | WO | 00 | 6/13/2013 |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61384936 | Sep 2010 | US |
