Embodiments relate to implantable medical leads and implantable medical lead extensions. More particularly, embodiments relate to methods of shielding implantable medical leads and implantable medical lead extensions.
Implantable medical systems are used to provide stimulation therapy and/or physiological sensing for patients. The implantable medical system includes a stimulation or sensing device that is implanted at a convenient location. Implantable medical leads are routed between the site of implantation of the device and a target site where stimulation or sensing is to occur. Where the route is lengthy, an implantable medical lead extension is used to traverse a portion of that distance.
The implantable medical leads include one or more electrical contacts located near a proximal end of the lead. Where no extension is needed, the proximal end of the lead is physically connected to the stimulation or sensing device so that the proximal contacts of the lead are electrically coupled to electrical circuitry of the device. For scenarios where the implantable medical lead extension is used, then the proximal end of the lead is physically connected to a distal end of the extension where electrical connectors of the extension are coupled to the electrical contacts of the lead. The proximal end of the extension is physically connected to the stimulation or sensing device so that the proximal contacts of the extension are electrically coupled to electrical circuitry of the device. The leads also include one or more electrodes located near a distal end of the leads. Electrical conductors are present within the lead, and each electrical conductor is connected to a respective electrical contact and electrode to provide an electrical path for stimulation and/or sensed signals. Electrical conductors are also present within the extension, and each electrical conductor is connected to a respective electrical contact and distal connector to provide an electrical path for stimulation and/or sensed signals.
Because the lead and lead-extension combination extends over a significant distance within the body, each electrical conductor within the lead and extension is susceptible to receiving extraneous electromagnetic energy that produces electrical current on the electrical conductor. While most ambient conditions expose the lead and lead extension to insignificant levels of such extraneous electromagnetic energy, certain situations may create levels of extraneous electromagnetic energy that are of concern. An example of such a situation is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. The MRI scan utilizes a high energy radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic signal. This RF signal may produce relatively large levels of electrical current on the electrical conductor of the lead and extension when the patient having the implantable medical system that includes the lead and/or lead extension combination undergoes the MRI scan. The relatively large electrical current that results from the high energy RF signal produces heating at the electrodes that may create discomfort and even dangerous tissue damage at the site within the body where the one or more electrodes of the lead are located.
It has been found that a shield layer within the lead reduces the amount of RF energy that reaches the electrical conductors, which in turn reduces the amount of current being coupled onto the electrical conductors and reduces the heating at the electrodes to acceptable levels. The manufacturing process of the lead has been altered to include a shield layer when the lead body is being manufactured by creating an inner jacket over the electrical conductor, then creating the shield layer on the inner jacket, and then creating an outer jacket over the inner jacket. The electrical contacts and electrodes are then installed about the inner jacket and are coupled to the electrical conductor to complete the leads. However, leads and extensions that have been constructed without such shield layers or other protective aspects remain vulnerable to the high levels of RF energy of the MRI scan or other situation.
Additionally, patients having leads and/or extensions implanted that are not designed to be safe during an MRI scan either continue to be ineligible for an MRI scan or must undergo a procedure to replace the lead and/or extension with an MRI compliant version. Replacing the existing lead presents a risk that the new lead will not be positioned in a location that provides therapy that is as effective as with the prior lead. Furthermore, some leads are very difficult to remove, such as leads having a distal paddle that have required surgical procedures for implantation.
Embodiments address issues such as these and others by adding a shielded sheath over an existing lead or extension. The shielded sheath may then be anchored to the existing lead or extension and to the surrounding body tissue. The shielded sheath may be added to newly implanted leads and/or extensions or to leads and/or extensions that have previously been implanted.
Embodiments provide a method of shielding an implantable medical lead. The method involves providing a sheath that includes a shield layer. The method further involves positioning the sheath that includes the shield layer about an implantable medical lead between a proximal contact on the implantable medical lead and a distal electrode on the implantable medical lead. The method additionally involves anchoring the sheath to the implantable medical lead.
Embodiments provide an apparatus that includes an implantable medical lead having a proximal contact and a distal electrode and also includes a sheath containing a shield layer positioned about the implantable medical lead between the proximal contact and the distal electrode. The apparatus further includes an anchoring structure holding the sheath in a fixed position about the implantable medical lead.
Embodiments provide an implantable medical system that includes an implantable stimulation device and an implantable medical lead having a proximal contact and a distal electrode with the proximal contact being electrically coupled to the implantable stimulation device. The system further includes a sheath containing a shield layer positioned about the implantable medical lead between the proximal contact and the distal electrode and an anchoring structure holding the sheath in a fixed position about the implantable medical lead.
Embodiments provide an apparatus that includes an implantable medical lead extension having a proximal contact and a distal connector block and also includes a sheath containing a shield layer positioned about the implantable medical lead between the proximal contact and a distal end of the implantable medical lead extension. The apparatus further includes an anchoring structure holding the sheath in a fixed position about the implantable medical lead extension.
Embodiments provide a method of shielding an implantable medical paddle lead that involves providing a sheath that includes a shield layer. The method further involves positioning the sheath that includes the shield layer about an implantable medical lead between a proximal contact on the implantable medical lead and a paddle portion of the implantable medical paddle lead, the sheath having an inner diameter that is smaller than a width of the paddle portion of the paddle lead but greater than a diameter of a remainder of the paddle lead such that the sheath is confined by the paddle portion.
Embodiments provide an apparatus that includes an implantable medical paddle lead having a proximal contact and a paddle portion that contains at least one distal electrode, the paddle portion having a width greater than a remainder of the implantable medical paddle lead. The apparatus further includes a sheath containing a shield layer positioned about the implantable medical lead between the proximal contact and the paddle portion, the sheath having an inner diameter that is smaller than a width of the paddle portion of the paddle lead but greater than a diameter of a remainder of the paddle lead such that the sheath is confined by the paddle portion.
Embodiments provide an implantable medical system that includes an implantable stimulation device. The system further includes an implantable medical paddle lead having a proximal contact and a paddle portion that contains at least one distal electrode with the proximal contact being electrically coupled to the implantable stimulation device, the paddle portion having a width greater than a remainder of the implantable medical paddle lead. The system additionally includes a sheath containing a shield layer positioned about the implantable medical lead between the proximal contact and the paddle portion, the sheath having an inner diameter that is smaller than a width of the paddle portion of the paddle lead but greater than a diameter of a remainder of the paddle lead such that the sheath is confined by the paddle portion.
Embodiments provide shielded sheaths that are installed over leads and/or extensions, whether being implanted or already implanted. The shielded sheath reduces the amount of RF energy that reaches the conductors of the lead and/or extension.
Where the shield layer 204 is a braided wire shield as shown in
The shielded sheath 202 may be installed during a new implantation of the lead 104 or as a retrofit to a lead 104 that has previously been implanted. Examples of procedures for installing the shielded sheath 202 are discussed below, with the procedure for installing during a new spinal implantation of the lead 104 being described with reference to
In
At an operation 1106, the needle 304 is then retracted while the guidewire 302 remains in the epidural space. This is shown in
At an operation 1108, the shielded sheath 202 having the shield layer 204 is advanced over the guidewire 302 and approaches the epidural space through the spinal structures 308. This is shown in
At an operation 1110, the guidewire 302 is retracted from the epidural space through the shielded sheath 202 while the shielded sheath 202 remains in the epidural space. This is shown in
At an operation 1112, an anchor 702 as shown in
At an operation 1114, the distal end of the lead 104 is inserted into the lumen of the shielded sheath 202 and is advanced toward the epidural space. This is shown in
At an operation 1116, the lead 104 is advanced through the shielded sheath 202 to the stimulation site. As shown in
At an operation 1118, an anchor 1002 as shown in
At an operation 1120, the proximal end 107 of the lead 104 having proximal contacts 109 and the shielded sheath 202 are tunneled together to the pocket 114 where the implantable medical device 102 is or will be positioned. This is also shown in
At an operation 1122, the proximal end 107 of the lead 104 is connected to the implantable medical device 102 at the pocket 114. The proximal contacts 109 of the lead 104 establish electrical connections with corresponding electrical connectors of the implantable medical device 102 to complete the stimulation pathway to the electrodes 106 that are positioned at the stimulation site within the epidural space.
In
At an operation 1706, an anchor 1204 as shown in
At an operation 1710, a shielded sheath 1302 is positioned over the lead 104 with the proximal end 107 of the lead 104 entering the lumen of the shielded sheath 202. This is shown in
At an operation 1712, the shielded sheath 1302 is forced within the scar capsule 1202. A tapered leading edge 1306 may be included on the shielded sheath 1302 to assist in penetrating into the scar capsule 1202. This is shown in
At an operation 1714, an anchor 1402 as also shown in
At an operation 1716, the proximal end 107 of the lead 104 having proximal contacts 109 and the shielded sheath 1302 are tunneled together to the pocket 114 where the implantable medical device 102 is or will be positioned. This is shown in
At an operation 1718, the proximal end 107 of the lead 104 is connected to the implantable medical device 102 at the pocket 114. The proximal contacts 109 of the lead 104 establish electrical connections with corresponding electrical connectors of the implantable medical device 102 to complete the stimulation pathway to the electrodes 106 that are positioned at the stimulation site within the epidural space.
The system 1814 also includes a first shielded sheath 1808 that has been placed over the lead 1804 and a second shielded sheath 1810 that has been placed over the lead extension. The shielded sheath 1808 is positioned between the proximal end where the lead 1804 connects to the extension and the distal end 1805 where the electrodes 1806 are located. The shielded sheath 1810 is positioned between the proximal end where the extension connects to the implantable medical device and the distal end where a connector housing is located. The shielded sheaths may be constructed like the examples discussed above for shielded sheath 202 and 2600. A cranial anchor may be installed onto the lead 1804 at the hole 1818 and the sheath 1808 naturally maintains its position between the hole 1818 and the distal connector 2102 of the extension 2104. Likewise, the second sheath 1810 naturally maintains its position between the distal end of the distal connector 2102 and the proximal end of the extension 2104. However, if desired, anchoring may be provided on the sheath 1808 and second sheath 1810 in this instance as well in the same manners as discussed above with respect to the spinal implantations.
In
In an operation 2304, the first shielded sheath 1808 is advanced over the lead 104. The proximal end of the lead 104 is inserted into the lumen of the shielded sheath 1808 and the shielded sheath 1808 is advanced toward the hole 1818. This is shown in
In an operation 2306, the proximal end of the lead 1804 is connected to the distal end connector 2102 on a distal end 2106 of the lead extension 2104 as shown in
In an operation 2308, the proximal end 2108 of the extension 2104 having proximal contacts 2110 and the second shielded sheath 1810 are tunneled together to the pocket 1819 where the implantable medical device 1802 is or will be positioned. This is shown in
At an operation 2312, the proximal end 2108 of the extension 2104 is connected to the implantable medical device 1802 at the pocket 1819. The proximal contacts 2110 of the extension 2104 establish electrical connections with corresponding electrical connectors of the implantable medical device 1802 to complete the stimulation pathway to the electrodes 1806 that are positioned at the stimulation site within the brain 1816.
The implantable medical device 2404 may include an electrical connector such as a set screw 2410 and a corresponding set screw bore 2408 that allows a physical connection to be made with the proximal contact. This electrical connector 2410 then provides an electrical pathway to a grounding surface at the implantable medical device such as a metal housing. This effectively provides a tissue ground at the implantable medical device 2404 for the shield layer of the shielded sheath 2402 such that RF energy coupled to the shield may be diverted to the grounding surface and surrounding tissue of the implantable medical device 2404.
The implantable medical device 2504 may include an electrical connector such as a set screw 2510 and a corresponding set screw bore 2508 that allows a physical connection to be made with the proximal contact region 2507. This electrical connector 2510 then provides an electrical pathway to a grounding surface at the implantable medical device such as a metal housing. This example also effectively provides a tissue ground at the implantable medical device 2504 for the shield layer of the shielded sheath 2502 such that RF energy coupled to the shield may be diverted to the grounding surface and surrounding tissue of the implantable medical device 2504.
As can be seen in
The procedure of
An alternative procedure as shown in
The procedures of
The example of
Should the paddle lead 2802 require an extension to reach the target site,
The shielded sheath 2812 of
While embodiments have been particularly shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various other changes in the form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/028,798, filed Jul. 24, 2014, which is incorporated herein in its entirety.
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