Patent Application
20230362661
The present disclosure relates generally to communications, and more particularly to communication methods and related devices and nodes supporting wireless communications.
In a roll out of a mobile/cellular communication network there is a planning phase regarding where and how to install the Radio/Antenna equipment/nodes and the Baseband (BB) equipment/nodes (also referred to as Radio Access Network (RAN) compute equipment). Radio placement and antenna directional data and related configuration parameters and settings are planned in advance and prepared in configuration-files in the Operations Support System (OSS)/Management systems for further installation after the physical deployment of Radio and BB equipment. There is also a planning of how and where to deploy the transport equipment between the Radio, BB, and mobile core equipment/nodes, what ports of the Radio/BB equipment/nodes to connect into what ports on the transport equipment, and if applicable, also configuration parameters and settings of transport equipment/nodes.
Traditionally, there has been a direct physical connection between Radio and BB equipment/nodes for a base station 111 on the same or remote site, as shown in
In a traditional distributed RAN architecture, the Baseband (RAN compute) resources are located at the base station 111 site. A transport network (including transport elements, also referred to as transport nodes) provides communication from every RAN site to the centralized nodes/functions of the Mobile Core network 115.
With 5th Generation (5G) networks, new packet-based connections are defined, such as 3GPP HLS in the Midhaul domain, and Open RAN (ORAN) Lower Layer Split (LLS) in the Fronthaul domain. The CPRI forum has defined a packet variant of CPRI called Enhanced CPRI, and this connection between Radio and BB nodes is defined (referred to as eCPRI) that allows for indirectly connected Radio and BB equipment/nodes with a packet network (including switches/routers) in-between, and this may enable increased flexibility. This type of connection is referred to as Packet Fronthaul. For example, Radio and BB node relations can be changed by parameter reconfiguration at any time after deployment.
As shown in
With 5G networks, new packet-based connections between Radio and Baseband are defined, and these packet-based connections may allow for a packet network in-between Radio and Baseband equipment/nodes. This may enable changes/increases in flexibility. Radio and Baseband relations can be changed by parameter reconfiguration at any time after deployment.
The work effort in the planning phase of a mobile network rollout may be large and may drive Operational Expenditures (OPEX). With the introduction of 5G with a tighter grid (for example, reduced Inter Site Distances (ISDs), e.g., using small cells), there may be even more planning work. At the installation time, the planned antenna placement is used, but often the planned placement must be adjusted to the real physical environment, and these adjustments may not be documented. There may also be situations when changes/adjustments are made after installation due to changes in the surrounding environment, connectivity network, and/or by adding additional resources (e.g., Radio and/or Baseband resources), resulting in additional planning, re-configuration, and/or documentation effort. There may also be an increased probability for mistakes/errors in planning, physical installation of connections and/or configuration parameters for Radio, BB, and/or Transport equipment/node ports, and this may increase costs for troubleshooting and expensive extra site visits and reconfigurations due to Network Roll Out (NRO) Cost of Sales (CoS) and/or time spent on site for installation.
Accordingly, there continues to exist a need for more efficient network base station installation.
According to some embodiments of inventive concepts, methods are provided to operate a management node of a wireless mobile/cellular network including a Radio Access Network, RAN, having a plurality of RAN nodes and a transport network having a plurality of transport nodes. Network data for the wireless mobile/cellular network is collected, wherein the network data include network installation data relating to the plurality of RAN nodes of the RAN and the plurality of transport nodes of the transport network. A configuration for the wireless mobile/cellular network is automatically provided based on the network data. Responsive to providing the configuration, the configuration is automatically deployed to provide configuration of the plurality of RAN nodes and the plurality of transport nodes.
According to other embodiments of inventive concepts, a management node is provided for a wireless mobile/cellular network including a Radio Access Network, RAN, having a plurality of RAN nodes and a transport network having a plurality of transport nodes. The management node includes processing circuitry and memory coupled with the processing circuitry. The memory includes instructions that when executed by the processing circuitry causes the management node to: collect network data for the wireless mobile/cellular network, wherein the network data include network installation data relating to the plurality of RAN nodes of the RAN and the plurality of transport nodes of the transport network; automatically provide a configuration for the wireless mobile/cellular network based on the network data; and automatically deploy the configuration to provide configuration of the plurality of RAN nodes and the plurality of transport nodes responsive to providing the configuration.
According to other embodiments of inventive concepts, a management node is provided for a wireless mobile/cellular network including a Radio Access Network, RAN, having a plurality of RAN nodes and a transport network having a plurality of transport nodes. The management node is adapted to: collect network data for the wireless mobile/cellular network, wherein the network data include network installation data relating to the plurality of RAN nodes of the RAN and the plurality of transport nodes of the transport network; automatically provide a configuration for the wireless mobile/cellular network based on the network data; and automatically deploy the configuration to provide configuration of the plurality of RAN nodes and the plurality of transport nodes responsive to providing the configuration.
According to other embodiments of inventive concepts, a computer program includes program code to be executed by processing circuitry of a management node of a wireless mobile/cellular network including a Radio Access Network, RAN, having a plurality of RAN nodes and a transport network having a plurality of transport nodes. Execution of the program code causes the management node to: collect network data for the wireless mobile/cellular network, wherein the network data include network installation data relating to the plurality of RAN nodes of the RAN and the plurality of transport nodes of the transport network; automatically provide a configuration for the wireless mobile/cellular network based on the network data; and automatically deploy the configuration to provide configuration of the plurality of RAN nodes and the plurality of transport nodes responsive to providing the configuration.
According to other embodiments of inventive concepts, a computer program product includes a non-transitory storage medium including program code to be executed by processing circuitry of a management node of a wireless mobile/cellular network including a Radio Access Network, RAN, having a plurality of RAN nodes and a transport network having a plurality of transport nodes. Execution of the program code causes the management node to: collect network data for the wireless mobile/cellular network, wherein the network data include network installation data relating to the plurality of RAN nodes of the RAN and the plurality of transport nodes of the transport network; automatically provide a configuration for the wireless mobile/cellular network based on the network data; and automatically deploy the configuration to provide configuration of the plurality of RAN nodes and the plurality of transport nodes responsive to providing the configuration.
According to some embodiments of inventive concepts, time/effort required to generate and/or deploy network configurations may be reduced, and/or errors in the generation/deployment of the network configurations may be reduced.
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate certain non-limiting embodiments of inventive concepts. In the drawings:
Inventive concepts will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which examples of embodiments of inventive concepts are shown. Inventive concepts may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of present inventive concepts to those skilled in the art. It should also be noted that these embodiments are not mutually exclusive. Components from one embodiment may be tacitly assumed to be present/used in another embodiment.
The following description presents various embodiments of the disclosed subject matter. These embodiments are presented as teaching examples and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the disclosed subject matter. For example, certain details of the described embodiments may be modified, omitted, or expanded upon without departing from the scope of the described subject matter.
UE device may also include a user interface 307 (also referred to as an interface; corresponding to interface 1614 of
Sensors 309 may include accelerometers having different orientations in UE device 300 configured to detect accelerations in different directions. A level app (sometimes referred to as a spirit level app) in memory 305 may provide instructions allowing processing circuitry 303 to use sensors 309 (e.g., accelerometers) to determine a tilt of an antenna (based on a tilt of the UE device) as discussed below with respect to
As discussed herein, operations of UE device may be performed by processing circuitry 303 and/or transceiver circuitry 301. For example, processing circuitry 303 may control transceiver circuitry 301 to transmit communications through transceiver circuitry 301 over a radio interface to a radio access network node (also referred to as a base station) and/or to receive communications through transceiver circuitry 301 from a RAN node over a radio interface. Moreover, modules (e.g., instructions, apps, etc.) may be stored in memory circuitry 305, and these modules may provide instructions so that when instructions of a module are executed by processing circuitry 303, processing circuitry 303 performs respective operations (e.g., operations discussed below with respect to embodiments relating to UE devices, such as operations discussed with respect to UE device 409 of
As discussed herein, operations of the radio node 400 may be performed by processing circuitry 403, and/or input/output ports 401. For example, processing circuitry 403 may control input/output ports 401 to transmit cellular downlink communications through an antenna over a radio interface to one or more UE devices and/or to receive cellular uplink communications through input/output ports 401 and antennas from one or more UE devices over a radio interface. Similarly, processing circuitry 403 may control input/output ports 401 to transmit/receive communications to/from one or more transport nodes. Processing circuitry 403 may also control short range wireless communication interface to transmit/receive communications to/from the UE device as discussed in greater detail below. Moreover, modules may be stored in memory 405, and these modules may provide instructions so that when instructions of a module are executed by processing circuitry 403, processing circuitry 403 performs respective operations (e.g., operations discussed below with respect to embodiments relating to radio nodes, such as operations discussed with respect to integrated radio/antenna node 415 of
As discussed herein, operations of the management node may be performed by processing circuitry 503 and/or network interface circuitry 507. For example, processing circuitry 503 may control network interface circuitry 507 to transmit communications through network interface circuitry 507 to one or more other network nodes and/or to receive communications through network interface circuitry from one or more other network nodes. Moreover, modules may be stored in memory 505, and these modules may provide instructions so that when instructions of a module are executed by processing circuitry 503, processing circuitry 503 performs respective operations (e.g., operations discussed below with respect to embodiments relating to management nodes, such as operations discussed with respect to OSS/Management System node 631 of
Some embodiments of inventive concepts are based on using a user equipment (UE) device with apps (also referred to as applications) on site that can automatically identify the Radio/Antenna equipment/nodes as such, and/or the position(s) and direction(s) of the Radio/Antenna including its connection(s) to transport equipment/nodes. The UE device can also be used to identify BB and Transport equipment/nodes if they are not already automatically identified via the port connections. In addition, the UE/app can automatically send the information to management node 500 of an OSS/Management system.
Several methods can be used to identify equipment/nodes, connection ports, etc., according to embodiments of inventive concepts. For example, short-range wireless or bar-codes/QR-code(s) may be used. Assembled data can automatically be sent from the UE device via wireless network to OSS/management systems or transferred back to Radio/Transport equipment/nodes for further automatic transfer to management systems.
According to some embodiments of inventive concepts, more efficient documentation of a base station installation data may be provided. Some embodiments may reduce the planning and preparation work including documentation of the system and physical position/location of the site equipment (also to produce the configuration data, as discussed in greater detail below). Some embodiments may also reduce/minimize risk of errors from mistakes that may occur during physical installation of equipment and/or mismatches in configuration data between Radio/Antenna, BB, and Transport equipment/nodes, and/or time required for correction of installation errors may be reduced. Some embodiments may also simplify processes to handle changes in the network and may reduce/minimize inconsistency in documentation.
At installation, a UE device is used to identify equipment/node IDs and/or physical installation data, for example, using short-range wireless connection alternatives and/or scanning bar-codes/QR-codes. Wireless alternatives can include NFC (Near Field Communication) which may not require base station equipment to be powered. WiFi and Bluetooth are other alternatives. Such operations are discussed below with respect to operation 1 of
For a given item of equipment/node, connection/port-IDs and the transport port to which it is connected can also be identified using bar-code/QR-code methods.
Another method is that port/node IDs can be identified directly by the transport equipment/nodes if the Radio/Antenna equipment/nodes have a capability to announce equipment/Port-ID over its transport connection/port to the transport equipment/nodes.
The UE may assemble port/node IDs and/or physical installation data (as shown in
According to embodiments of operation 2a′/2a″ of
The UE may also identify additional Radio/Antenna physical installation data that is related to a position (e.g., location, height, etc.) and/or orientation (e.g., direction, vertical tilt or inclination/declination angle, etc.) of the antenna. Additional Radio/Antenna geometrical physical installation data that may be identified is shown in
According to some embodiments, the UE device may be held by the user physically against the antenna to provide that the position/orientation of the UE device accurately reflects the position (e.g., location, height, etc.) and/or orientation (e.g., direction, tilt, etc.) of the antenna. For example, one end (e.g., a microphone end) of the UE device may be held flush against the antenna with the touch screen facing up. The installation app may provide a prompt (e.g., a text, audio, or video prompt) for the User to hold the UE device against the antenna in the proper position, and the UE device may accept user input (e.g., via the touch screen) to indicate that the UE device is in the proper position. Responsive to receiving this user input (that the UE device is in the proper position), the installation app may use other apps (e.g., a GNSS app, a compass app, a level app, etc.) to determine physical installation data for the antenna (e.g., based on the location, height, direction, tilt, etc. of the UE device). Once the installation app has determined the physical installation data for the antenna, the UE device may provide a notification to the user that the user can move the UE device away from the antenna.
According to some embodiments, the antenna may include a guide to assist in placing the UE device in the proper position when obtaining the physical installation data. For example, the antenna may include markings to show where to place the microphone end of the UE device when obtaining the physical installation data. In addition or in an alternative, the antenna may include a physical structure (e.g., a shaped recess) configured to receive the microphone end of the UE device to force the proper position when obtaining the physical installation data.
If the UE device uses a wireless mobile/cellular network connection/communication to send assembled data as discussed with respect to operation 2b of
If the UE device uses a short-range wireless connection to the Radio/Antenna equipment/node 515, the radio/antenna equipment/node 515 will receive all the assembled data (e.g., as discussed with respect to operation 2a′ of
In an example of
UE device 609 may then transmit the assembled data (e.g., including the identifier data and/or the physical installation data) to a node of the OSS/Management System 631. This data may either be transmitted via a short range wireless connection/communication to antenna 615 and/or radio node 611 (and then transmitted from radio node 611 through optical nodes 619a-c (e.g., passive or active optical equipment such as optical filters and/or optical switches) and baseband node 621) to a node of the OSS/Management system 631. Yet another option is that UE device 609 may transmit the assembled data via another installed base station of the wireless mobile/cellular network at block 651.
In the example of
One option is that the VSA of the CPRI frame can be transparently mapped by converter 717 into the eCPRI frame, transported (through a packet network, e.g., including switches/routers 719a and 719b) to a baseband node 721, that reads out the data and sends it to a node of the OSS/management system 631.
Another option is that converter 717 reads out the assembled data from the VSA of the CPRI frame and sends it over an Operations Administration and Management (OAM) connection to a node of the OSS/management system 631.
Still another option could be that converter 717 reads out the assembled data from the VSA of the CPRI frame and sends it over an LLDP connection through a connected switch/router 719a, that in-turn sends the assembled data to a node of the OSS/management system 631. LLDP may be referenced at Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.1AB-2016—IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks—Station and Media Access Control Connectivity Discovery; Published 2016-03-11; (https://standards.ieee.org/standard/802_1AB-2016.html). Yet another option is that UE device 609 may transmit the assembled data via another installed base station of the wireless mobile/cellular network at block 651.
In the example of
In
One option is that the assembled data in the radio node 611 is added into the eCPRI frame as a VSA and transparently transported (through a packet network, e.g., including switches/routers 819a, 819b, and 819c) to a baseband node 821, where baseband node 821 reads out the data and sends it to a node of the OSS/management system 631.
Another option is that the radio node 611 sends the data over an OAM connection to the OSS/management system 631.
Still another option could be that the radio node 611 sends the assembled data over an LLDP connection to a connected switch 819a of a packet network, that in-turn sends the data to a node of the OSS/management system 631.
Yet another option is that UE device 609 may transmit the assembled data via another installed base station of the wireless mobile/cellular network at block 651.
In the example of
In
One option is that the VSA (including the assembled data) can be transparently transported from mapper 925a through the packet network (e.g., including switch/router 919) and IEEE 1914 CPRI-demapper) to baseband node 921 where the 1914-frame (ethernet frame) is demapped (e.g., by ethernet demapper 925b) back to a CPRI frame, and baseband node 921 reads out the assembled data and sends it to a node of the OSS/management system 631. In some embodiments, radio node 611 may provide the assembled data (e.g., including physical installation data and identifier data) in the VSA of an CPRI frame, 1914 mapper structured 925a may provide the assembled data from the CPRI frame through the packet network to 1914 demapper structured 925b.
Another option is that the 1914-mapper 925a reads out the assembled data and sends it over an OAM connection to a node of the OSS/management system 631.
Still another option is that the 1914-mapper 925a reads out the assembled data and sends it over an LLDP connection to a connected switch (e.g., switch/router 919), that in-turn sends the assembled data to a node of the OSS/management system 631.
According to some embodiments, a system application may be provided for automated configuration of installed equipment/nodes. In such embodiments, all assembled Antenna site physical installation data may be automatically sent to an OSS/management application to be stored as documentation of site installation. The OSS/management application may thus have access to all Radio Access Network (RAN) and Core equipment information and also transport network information. Based on the received new installation data and existing data, the OSS/management application may automatically generate applicable configuration data and parameters for the new installed and related Radio/Antenna, Baseband, Transport and Core equipment/nodes. According to some embodiments of inventive concepts, more efficient documentation of a base station installation data may be provided. Some embodiments may reduce planning and preparation work and/or provide the configuration data and/or documentation of the system and physical location of the site equipment. Some embodiments may also reduce/minimize a risk of errors from mistakes in physical installation of equipment and/or mismatch in configuration data between Radio/Antenna, BB, and/or Transport equipment/nodes, and/or time required for correction of installation errors may be reduced. Such embodiments may also simplify the process to handle changes in the network and/or reduce/minimize inconsistency in the documentation.
Some embodiments of inventive concepts may be based on using a UE device with apps on site to automatically identify the Radio/Antenna equipment/nodes as such, the position, location, height, tilt, and directions of the Radio/Antenna including connection(s) to transport equipment/nodes. The UE device can also be used to identify BB and Transport equipment/nodes if they are not already automatically identified via the port connection. This information can be automatically sent to an OSS/Management system application.
Several methods can be used to identify equipment/nodes, connection ports, etc. For example, short-range wireless connection or bar-code/QR-code may be used. Assembled data can automatically be sent from the UE device via a Wireless mobile/cellular network connection/communication to the OSS/management system and/or transferred back to equipment for further automatic transfer to management systems.
Operations of the user equipment, UE, device 300 (implemented using the structure of the block diagram of
At block 1010, processing circuitry 303 may provide a prompt through user interface 307 (e.g., a visual/text prompt on a touch sensitive display of user interface 307, an audio prompt through a speaker of user interface 307, etc.) for a user of UE device 300 to position UE device 300 physically against the antenna.
At block 1020, processing circuitry 303 may accept user input indicating that the UE device is physically positioned against the antenna (after providing the prompt). The user input may be accepted through user interface 307 (e.g., through a touch sensitive display of user interface 307, a physical button of user interface 307, voice command received through a microphone of user interface 307, etc.).
At block 1030, processing circuitry 303 may obtain installation data relating to an antenna of a radio access network (RAN) node, where the installation data may include physical installation data and/or identifier data.
The physical installation data may be obtained responsive to accepting the user input indicating that UE device 300 is physically positioned against the antenna, and the physical installation data may include at least one of a location of the antenna, a height of the antenna, a direction of the antenna, and/or a tilt of the antenna as discussed above, for example, with respect to
At block 1030, obtaining the installation data may also include obtaining identifier data including an identification of a radio node of the RAN node that is associated with the antenna of the RAN node. If the radio node and the antenna comprise an integrated antenna/radio node, the identification of the radio node may be an identification of the integrated antenna/radio node. If the antenna is coupled with the radio node via a cable and an antenna port of the radio node, the identifier data may further include at least one of an identifier of the antenna and/or an identifier of the antenna port of the radio node.
According to some embodiments, the identifier data may further include at least one of an identifier of the antenna, an identifier of an antenna port of the radio node that is coupled with the antenna, an identifier of a transport node that is coupled with the radio node, an identifier of a radio port of the transport node that is coupled with the radio node, and/or an identifier of a transport port of the radio node that is coupled with the transport node.
According to some embodiments, the RAN node may include a transport node, and the identifier data may further include at least one of an identifier of the transport node that is coupled with the radio node, an identifier of a radio port of the transport node that is coupled with the radio node, and/or an identifier of a transport port of the radio node that is coupled with the transport node.
According to some embodiments of inventive concepts, processing circuitry 303 may obtain the identifier data at block 1030 via a short range wireless communication (e.g., a WiFi communication, a BlueTooth communication, a Near Field Communication, etc.) received from an element of the RAN node (e.g., as discussed above with respect to operation 1 of
At block 1040, processing circuitry 303 may transmit the installation data from UE device 300 through transceiver 301 to a management system for a wireless communication network including the RAN node. According to some embodiments, the RAN node for which the installation data is being collected may be a first RAN node, and the installation data may be transmitted (through transceiver 301) to the management system using a wireless mobile/cellular network communication via a second RAN node different than the first RAN node (e.g., as discussed above with respect to operation 2b of
Various operations from the flow chart of
Operations of a radio node 400 (implemented using the structure of
At block 1110, processing circuitry 403 may obtain installation data relating to the RAN node, and the installation data may include physical installation data relating to an antenna of the RAN node that is associated with radio node 400 and/or identifier data including an identification of the radio node. For example, the installation data may be received from a user equipment (UE) device using a short range wireless communication (e.g., a WiFi communication, a BlueTooth communication, etc.) that is received through short range wireless communication interface 407 as discussed above, for example with respect to operation 2a′ of
Obtaining the installation data may include obtaining the physical installation data including at least one of a location of the antenna, a height of the antenna, a direction of the antenna, and/or a tilt of the antenna.
Obtaining the installation data may also include obtaining the identifier data including an identification of the radio node 400. According to some embodiments of inventive concepts, the radio node and the antenna may be an integrated antenna/radio node, and the identification of the radio node may thus be an identification of the integrated antenna/radio node. According to some other embodiments of inventive concepts, the antenna may be coupled with the radio node via a cable and an antenna port of the radio node (included in input/output ports 401), and the identifier data may further include at least one of an identifier of the antenna and/or an identifier of the antenna port of the radio node. The identifier data may also include at least one of an identifier of the antenna, an identifier of an antenna port of the radio node that is coupled with the antenna, an identifier of a transport node that is coupled with the radio node, an identifier of a radio port of the transport node that is coupled with the radio node, and/or an identifier of a transport port of the radio node that is coupled with the transport node.
At block 1120, processing circuitry 403 may transmit the installation data (including the physical installation data and/or the identifier data) from the radio node through a transport node to a management system for a wireless communication network including the RAN node, as discussed above, for example, with respect to operation 2a″ of
According to some embodiments, the installation data may be transmitted as an attribute in a common public radio interface (CPRI) frame over a CPRI connection with the transport node, where the attribute may be a Vendor Specific Attribute (VSA) in a CPRI frame. According to some other embodiments, the installation data may be transmitted as an attribute in an enhanced common public radio interface (eCPRI frame) over an eCPRI connection with the transport node, where the attribute may be a Vendor Specific Attribute (VSA) in the eCPRI frame. According to still other embodiments, the installation data may be transmitted using an Internet Protocol (IP) communication. According to yet other embodiment, the installation data may be transmitted using an Ethernet communication, such as a Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) Ethernet communication.
Various operations from the flow chart of
Operations of a management node 500 (implemented using the structure of
At block 1210, processing circuitry 503 may receive installation data relating to an antenna of a radio access network, RAN node, where the installation data may include physical installation data and/or identifier data. According to some embodiments, the installation data may be received from the RAN node. According to some other embodiments, the RAN node may be a first RAN node, and the installation data may be received from a user equipment (UE) device via a second RAN node.
The physical installation data may include at least one of a location of the antenna, a height of the antenna, a direction of the antenna, and/or a tilt of the antenna.
The identifier data may include an identification of a radio node that is associated with the antenna. According to some embodiments, the radio node and the antenna may be provided as an integrated antenna/radio node, and the identification of the radio node may thus be an identification of the integrated antenna/radio node. According to some other embodiments, the antenna may be coupled with the radio node via a cable and an antenna port of the radio node, and the identifier data may further include at least one of an identifier of the antenna and/or an identifier of the antenna port of the radio node.
According to some embodiments, the identifier data may include at least one of an identifier of the antenna, an identifier of an antenna port of the radio node that is coupled with the antenna, an identifier of a transport node that is coupled with the radio node, an identifier of a radio port of the transport node that is coupled with the radio node, and/or an identifier of a transport port of the radio node that is coupled with the transport node. The identifier data may include at least one of a bar code and/or a QR-code.
At block 1220, processing circuitry 503 may generate documentation of an installation of the RAN node based on the installation data responsive to receiving the installation data.
At block 1230, processing circuitry 503 may store the documentation of the installation of the RAN node in electronic memory (e.g., memory 505).
Various operations from the flow chart of
Some embodiments of inventive concepts are based on using automatically identified Radio/Antenna/Baseband/Transport nodes/equipment as such, and positions and/or directions of the Radio/Antenna including its connection(s) to transport and/or Baseband equipment/nodes. In addition, the availability and network locations of baseband resources may also be used. Methods used to collect this information are discussed, for example, herein with respect to
This information can then be used to automatically Create and/or Deploy configuration(s) of Radio, Baseband, and/or Transport resources without previous planning and/or configuration.
According to some embodiments of inventive concepts, the planning, preparation and/or configuration work of a communication system may be reduced. Risk of errors from mistakes in physical installation of equipment/nodes and/or mismatch in configuration data between Radio/Antenna, Baseband, and Transport equipment/nodes may also be reduced. Moreover, a process to handle changes in the network may be simplified, and/or a risk of inconsistency may be reduced.
System applications to provide automated configuration of installed equipment/nodes is discussed below.
Installation information for assembled Antenna/Radio, Baseband, and Transport equipment/nodes may be automatically identified (for example, as discussed above with respect to
According to some embodiments of inventive concepts, one or more of the following operations may be performed in the Automation function of management node 500:
Collection of network and/or global data occurs in operation 1. Static data (such as identified geographical position and direction data for RAN equipment) is collected, and data for Transport equipment is also collected. The physical network connection information for RAN and Transport equipment including equipment IDs is also collected.
Operation 1 may also include collecting general mobile operator static data such as PLMN-ID, Radio Spectrum, Operator policies, RAN interface Transport characteristics requirements (e.g., characteristics relating to bandwidth, delay, jitter, sync accuracy, etc.), Operator defined RAN Geographical areas, transport area size (number of nodes), and/or Transport area policies. According to some embodiments, a management node may thus collect network (e.g., including geographic positions, network positions, physical network connections, node identifier data, etc.) and static global data (e.g., including PLMN ID, radio spectrum allocations, operator policies, transport characteristic requirements, operator defined RAN/Transport geographic areas, etc.).
Operation 2, if performed, includes creation of a topology of the wireless mobile/cellular network (also referred to as a Geographical and Network Topology). A topology may be created over all RAN and Transport equipment/node Geographical and Network positions including Network connections. In addition, Operator defined RAN areas may be added.
Operation 3, if performed, includes creation of transport network areas (also referred to as logical transport Network Routing areas). Transport Areas may be created based on created Topology and Transport static data (area size and area policies).
Operation 4, if performed, includes selection of global transport data (also referred to as stateful Transport data or stateful global transport data). Stateful Transport data (such as operator defined IGP areas, IP addresses, Node IDs, etc.) may be collected.
Operation 5, if performed, includes creation of a transport configuration (including transport configuration parameters). A Transport nodes IGP configuration (also referred to as an IGP routing configuration) for Transport IGP Areas may be created and deployed, and/or a Transport nodes Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) configuration (also referred to as a BGP routing configuration) may be created and deployed.
Operation 6, if performed, includes calculation of a connections possibility map (also referred to as a logical RAN connections map). A logical map over possible RAN connections (given the RAN connection characteristics requirements) between Radio-Baseband and Baseband-Baseband functions may be calculated. Both Baseband Distributed Unit (BB-DU) and Virtualized Packet Processing (VPP)/Virtualized RAN Controller (VRC) Centralized Unit (CU) functions may be included.
Operation 7, if performed, includes creation of a RAN connections map. RAN nodes may be selected, and the logical RAN map may be created between Radio-Baseband and Baseband-Baseband functions. Both BB-DU and VPP/VRC CU functions may be included.
Operation 8, if performed, includes selection of RAN data (also referred to as stateful RAN data). Based on a RAN connections map (e.g., a map created in operation 7), stateful RAN data (such as eNB ID, gNB ID, Cell ID, Tracking Area, etc.) may be selected.
Operation 9, if performed, includes creation of a RAN configuration (also referred to as RAN configuration parameters or RAN configuration data). Based on all collected and selected RAN data, RAN configuration data may be created and deployed.
Operation 10 includes providing a configuration for the wireless mobile/cellular network. In particular, the configuration for the wireless mobile/cellular network may include one or both of a transport configuration (e.g., one that is received/accessible or created in operation 5) and a RAN configuration (e.g., one that is received/accessible or created in operation 9).
Operation 11 includes deploying the configuration for the wireless mobile/cellular network. As discussed with respect to operation 10, the configuration for the wireless mobile/cellular network includes one or both of a transport configuration (e.g., of operation 5) and a RAN configuration (e.g., of operation 9). Accordingly, deploying the configuration for the wireless mobile/cellular network includes transmitting a RAN configuration to RAN nodes (e.g., radio nodes and baseband nodes) of the wireless mobile/cellular network and/or transmitting a transport configuration to transport nodes (e.g., routers/switches) of the wireless mobile/cellular network.
According to some embodiments of inventive concepts, an automated operation(s) may be used to automatically Create and Deploy all RAN and Transport configuration data used/needed for the RAN and transport equipment/nodes.
According to some embodiments of inventive concepts, automated operations may be used to create and Deploy RAN and Transport configuration data for a new RAN and Transport deployment and any changes in the deployment.
Some embodiments of inventive concepts may be based on using automatic identification of the Radio/Antenna, Baseband, and Transport nodes/equipment, and geographical data including connection(s) between the equipment as discussed above with respect to
Some embodiments of inventive concepts may reduce the planning and preparation work to produce the configuration data as discussed above with respect to operations 1-9. The work effort to document the system with all physical location and site data, equipment and connections data may be reduced. Risk of errors from mistakes in physical installation of equipment and mismatch in configuration data between Radio/Antenna, Baseband, and Transport equipment may also be reduced. A process to handle changes in the network may be simplified, and/or risks of inconsistency in the documentation may be reduced.
Operations of a management node 500 (implemented using the structure of
Management node 500 is provided for a wireless mobile/cellular network including a Radio Access Network, RAN, having a plurality of RAN nodes and including a transport network having a plurality of transport nodes.
At block 1401, processing circuitry 503 collects network data for the wireless mobile/cellular network, wherein the network data include network installation data relating to the plurality of RAN nodes of the RAN and the plurality of transport nodes of the transport network. For example, operations of block 1401 may be performed according to aspects of operation 1 discussed above, and the network data may be collected through network interface 507. Moreover, the plurality of RAN nodes may include radio nodes and baseband nodes.
At block 1402, processing circuitry 503 may automatically create a topology of the wireless mobile/cellular network based on the network data, wherein the topology defines RAN areas. For example, operations of block 1402 may be performed according to aspects of operation 2 discussed above.
At block 1403, processing circuitry 503 may automatically create a plurality of transport network areas of the wireless mobile/cellular network based on a topology (e.g., one that is received/accessible or created in block 1402), wherein at least one of the transport network areas includes a plurality of the RAN areas. For example, operations of block 1403 may be performed according to aspects of operation 3 discussed above.
At block 1404, processing circuitry 503 may automatically select global transport data for the wireless mobile/cellular network based on a plurality of transport areas (e.g., one that is received/accessible or created in block 1403), wherein the global transport data include at least one of interior gateway protocol, IGP, routing areas, Internet Protocol, IP, addresses, and/or network node identifiers. For example, operations of block 1404 may be performed according to aspects of operation 4 discussed above.
At block 1405, processing circuitry 503 may automatically create a transport configuration for the plurality of transport nodes based on global transport data (e.g., data that are received/accessible or selected in block 1404). For example, operations of block 1405 may be performed according to aspects of operation 5 discussed above. According to some embodiments, the configuration for the wireless mobile/cellular network includes the transport configuration. According to some embodiments, the transport configuration includes IGP and border gateway protocol, BGP, routings for the wireless mobile/cellular network based on global transport data including at least one of IGP routing areas, IP addresses, and/or node identifiers.
At block 1406, processing circuitry 503 may automatically calculate a connections possibility map for the wireless mobile/cellular network based on a transport configuration (e.g., one that is received/accessible or created in block 1405), wherein the connections possibility map defines possible RAN connections between the RAN and/or transport nodes. For example, operations of block 1406 may be performed according to aspects of operation 6 discussed above.
At block 1407, processing circuitry 1407 may automatically create a RAN connections map based on a connections possibilities map (e.g., one that is received/accessible or calculated in block 1406), wherein the RAN connections map defines actual RAN connections between the RAN nodes and/or the transport nodes for the configuration. For example, operations of block 1407 may be performed according to aspects of operation 7 discussed above.
At block 1408, processing circuitry 1408 may automatically select RAN data based on a RAN connections map (e.g., one that is received/accessible or created in block 1407), wherein the RAN data include at least one of gNB/eNB identifiers, IDs, cell IDs, and/or tracking area IDs. For example, operations of block 1408 may be performed according to aspects of operation 8 discussed above.
At block 1409, processing circuitry 503 may automatically create a RAN configuration for the plurality of RAN nodes based on RAN data (e.g., data that are received/accessible or selected in block 1408). For example, operations of block 1409 may be performed according to aspects of operation 9 discussed above.
At block 1410, processing circuitry 503 automatically provides a configuration for the wireless mobile/cellular network based on a RAN configuration (e.g., one that is received/accessible or created in block 1409). For example, operations of block 1410 may be performed according to aspects of operation 10 discussed above. According to some embodiments, the configuration for the wireless mobile/cellular network may be automatically provided based on the output/outputs of one or more of blocks 1401, 1402, 1403, 1404, 1405, 1406, 1407, 1408, and/or 1409. According to some embodiments, the configuration for the wireless mobile/cellular network may include the RAN configuration of block 1409 and the transport configuration of block 1405.
At block 1411, processing circuitry 503 automatically deploys the configuration for the wireless mobile/cellular network to provide configuration of the plurality of RAN nodes and the plurality of transport nodes responsive to providing the configuration for the wireless mobile/cellular network. For example, operations of block 1411 may be performed according to aspects of operation 11 discussed above, and the configuration may be deployed through network interface 507. In one embodiment, automatic deployment of the configuration for the wireless mobile/cellular network is responsive to generating the configuration for the wireless mobile/cellular network. According to some embodiments, the configuration for the wireless mobile/cellular network may be deployed by transmitting respective configuration parameters of the RAN configuration to one or more of the plurality of RAN nodes of the RAN and by transmitting respective configuration parameters of the transport configuration to one or more of the plurality of transport nodes of the transport network.
According to some embodiments, an antenna is associated with each of the radio nodes. In such embodiments, for a radio node, the network installation data of block 1401 includes at least one of a location of the antenna associated with the radio node, a height of the antenna associated with the radio node, a direction of the antenna associated with the radio node, and/or a tilt of the antenna associated with the radio node. Moreover, the configuration of block 1410 may be automatically provided based on at least one of the location of the antenna associated with the radio node, the height of the antenna associated with the radio node, the direction of the antenna associated with the radio node, and/or the tilt of the antenna associated with the radio node. For example, the topology of the wireless mobile/cellular network may be automatically created at block 1402 based on at least one of the location of the antenna associated with the radio node, the height of the antenna associated with the radio node, the direction of the antenna associated with the radio node, and/or the tilt of the antenna associated with the radio node.
According to some embodiments, the network installation data of block 1401 includes respective identifications for one or more of the radio nodes, the baseband nodes, and the transport nodes. Moreover, the configuration of block 1410 may be automatically provided based on the respective identifications for the radio nodes, the baseband nodes, and the transport nodes. For example, the topology of the wireless mobile/cellular network may be automatically created at block 1402 based on the respective identifications for the radio nodes, the baseband nodes, and the transport nodes.
According to some embodiments, at least one of the radio nodes is coupled with an antenna via a cable and an antenna port of the radio node, and the network installation data of block 1401 includes an identifier of the antenna and/or an identifier of the antenna port of the radio node. Moreover, the configuration of block 1410 may be automatically provided based on the identifier of the antenna and/or the identifier of the antenna port. For example, the topology of the wireless mobile/cellular network may be automatically created at block 1402 based on the identifier of the antenna and/or the identifier of the antenna port.
According to some embodiments, one of the radio nodes is coupled with one of the transport nodes, and the network installation data of block 1401 includes at least one of an identifier of a port of the transport node that is coupled with the radio node and/or an identifier of a port of the radio node that is coupled with the transport node. Moreover, the configuration of block 1410 may be automatically provided based on the identifier of a port of the transport node and/or the identifier of a port of the radio node. For example, the topology of the wireless mobile/cellular network may be automatically created at block 1402 based on the identifier of a port of the transport node and/or the identifier of a port of the radio node.
According to some embodiments, the network data of block 1401 further includes static global data including at least one of a Public Land Mobile Network, PLMN, identifier, ID, for the wireless mobile/cellular network, a radio spectrum allocation for the wireless mobile/cellular network, operator policies for the wireless mobile/cellular network, transport characteristic requirements for connections between the RAN nodes for the wireless mobile/cellular network, geographic definition of RAN areas for the wireless mobile/cellular network, and/or geographic definitions of transport areas for the wireless mobile/cellular network. Moreover, the configuration of block 1410 may be automatically provided based on the network installation data and based on the static global data. For example, the topology of the wireless mobile/cellular network may be automatically created at block 1402 based on the network installation data and based on the static global data.
Various operations from the flow chart of
Operations of a management node 500 (implemented using the structure of
Management node 500 is provided for a wireless mobile/cellular network including a Radio Access Network, RAN, having a plurality of RAN nodes and including a transport network having a plurality of transport nodes.
At block 1501, processing circuitry 503 collects network data for the wireless mobile/cellular network, wherein the network data include network installation data relating to the plurality of RAN nodes of the RAN and the plurality of transport nodes of the transport network. For example, operations of block 1501 may be performed according to aspects of operation 1 discussed above.
At block 1510, processing circuitry 503 automatically provides a configuration for the wireless mobile/cellular network based on the network data. For example, operations of block 1510 may be performed according to aspects of operation 10 discussed above. According to some embodiments, the configuration comprises a RAN configuration for the plurality of RAN nodes of the RAN and a transport configuration for the plurality of transport nodes of the transport network.
At block 1511, processing circuitry 503 automatically deploys the configuration to provide configuration of the plurality of RAN nodes and the plurality of transport nodes responsive to providing the configuration. For example, operations of block 1511 may be performed according to aspects of operation 11 discussed above. In one embodiment, automatic deployment of the configuration is responsive to generating the configuration. According to some embodiments, the configuration comprises a RAN configuration that is deployed to the RAN including the plurality of RAN nodes, and the configuration comprises a transport configuration that is deployed to the transport network including the plurality of transport nodes.
Various operations from the flow chart of
Generally, all terms used herein are to be interpreted according to their ordinary meaning in the relevant technical field, unless a different meaning is clearly given and/or is implied from the context in which it is used. All references to a/an/the element, apparatus, component, means, step, etc. are to be interpreted openly as referring to at least one instance of the element, apparatus, component, means, step, etc., unless explicitly stated otherwise. The steps of any methods disclosed herein do not have to be performed in the exact order disclosed, unless a step is explicitly described as following or preceding another step and/or where it is implicit that a step must follow or precede another step. Any feature of any of the embodiments disclosed herein may be applied to any other embodiment, wherever appropriate. Likewise, any advantage of any of the embodiments may apply to any other embodiments, and vice versa. Other objectives, features and advantages of the enclosed embodiments will be apparent from the following description.
Some of the embodiments contemplated herein will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Other embodiments, however, are contained within the scope of the subject matter disclosed herein, the disclosed subject matter should not be construed as limited to only the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided by way of example to convey the scope of the subject matter to those skilled in the art.
Although the subject matter described herein may be implemented in any appropriate type of system using any suitable components, the embodiments disclosed herein are described in relation to a wireless network, such as the example wireless network illustrated in
The wireless network may comprise and/or interface with any type of communication, telecommunication, data, cellular, and/or radio network or other similar type of system. In some embodiments, the wireless network may be configured to operate according to specific standards or other types of predefined rules or procedures. Thus, particular embodiments of the wireless network may implement communication standards, such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), Long Term Evolution (LTE), and/or other suitable 2G, 3G, 4G, or 5G standards; wireless local area network (WLAN) standards, such as the IEEE 802.11 standards; and/or any other appropriate wireless communication standard, such as the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax), Bluetooth, Z-Wave and/or ZigBee standards.
Network 1606 may comprise one or more backhaul networks, core networks, IP networks, public switched telephone networks (PSTNs), packet data networks, optical networks, wide-area networks (WANs), local area networks (LANs), wireless local area networks (WLANs), wired networks, wireless networks, metropolitan area networks, and other networks to enable communication between devices.
Network node 1660 and WD 1610 comprise various components described in more detail below. These components work together in order to provide network node and/or wireless device functionality, such as providing wireless connections in a wireless network. In different embodiments, the wireless network may comprise any number of wired or wireless networks, network nodes, base stations, controllers, wireless devices, relay stations, and/or any other components or systems that may facilitate or participate in the communication of data and/or signals whether via wired or wireless connections.
As used herein, network node refers to equipment capable, configured, arranged and/or operable to communicate directly or indirectly with a wireless device and/or with other network nodes or equipment in the wireless network to enable and/or provide wireless access to the wireless device and/or to perform other functions (e.g., administration) in the wireless network. Examples of network nodes include, but are not limited to, access points (APs) (e.g., radio access points), base stations (BSs) (e.g., radio base stations, Node Bs, evolved Node Bs (eNBs) and NR NodeBs (gNBs)). Base stations may be categorized based on the amount of coverage they provide (or, stated differently, their transmit power level) and may then also be referred to as femto base stations, pico base stations, micro base stations, or macro base stations. A base station may be a relay node or a relay donor node controlling a relay. A network node may also include one or more (or all) parts of a distributed radio base station such as centralized digital units and/or remote radio units (RRUs), sometimes referred to as Remote Radio Heads (RRHs). Such remote radio units may or may not be integrated with an antenna as an antenna integrated radio. Parts of a distributed radio base station may also be referred to as nodes in a distributed antenna system (DAS). Yet further examples of network nodes include multi-standard radio (MSR) equipment such as MSR BSs, network controllers such as radio network controllers (RNCs) or base station controllers (BSCs), base transceiver stations (BTSs), transmission points, transmission nodes, multi-cell/multicast coordination entities (MCEs), core network nodes (e.g., MSCs, MMEs), O&M nodes, OSS nodes, SON nodes, positioning nodes (e.g., E-SMLCs), and/or MDTs. As another example, a network node may be a virtual network node as described in more detail below. More generally, however, network nodes may represent any suitable device (or group of devices) capable, configured, arranged, and/or operable to enable and/or provide a wireless device with access to the wireless network or to provide some service to a wireless device that has accessed the wireless network.
In
Similarly, network node 1660 may be composed of multiple physically separate components (e.g., a NodeB component and an RNC component, or a BTS component and a BSC component, etc.), which may each have their own respective components. In certain scenarios in which network node 1660 comprises multiple separate components (e.g., BTS and BSC components), one or more of the separate components may be shared among several network nodes. For example, a single RNC may control multiple NodeB's. In such a scenario, each unique NodeB and RNC pair, may in some instances be considered a single separate network node. In some embodiments, network node 1660 may be configured to support multiple radio access technologies (RATs). In such embodiments, some components may be duplicated (e.g., separate device readable medium 1680 for the different RATs) and some components may be reused (e.g., the same antenna 1662 may be shared by the RATs). Network node 1660 may also include multiple sets of the various illustrated components for different wireless technologies integrated into network node 1660, such as, for example, GSM, WCDMA, LTE, NR, WiFi, or Bluetooth wireless technologies. These wireless technologies may be integrated into the same or different chip or set of chips and other components within network node 1660.
Processing circuitry 1670 is configured to perform any determining, calculating, or similar operations (e.g., certain obtaining operations) described herein as being provided by a network node. These operations performed by processing circuitry 1670 may include processing information obtained by processing circuitry 1670 by, for example, converting the obtained information into other information, comparing the obtained information or converted information to information stored in the network node, and/or performing one or more operations based on the obtained information or converted information, and as a result of said processing making a determination.
Processing circuitry 1670 may comprise a combination of one or more of a microprocessor, controller, microcontroller, central processing unit, digital signal processor, application-specific integrated circuit, field programmable gate array, or any other suitable computing device, resource, or combination of hardware, software and/or encoded logic operable to provide, either alone or in conjunction with other network node 1660 components, such as device readable medium 1680, network node 1660 functionality. For example, processing circuitry 1670 may execute instructions stored in device readable medium 1680 or in memory within processing circuitry 1670. Such functionality may include providing any of the various wireless features, functions, or benefits discussed herein. In some embodiments, processing circuitry 1670 may include a system on a chip (SOC).
In some embodiments, processing circuitry 1670 may include one or more of radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry 1672 and baseband processing circuitry 1674. In some embodiments, radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry 1672 and baseband processing circuitry 1674 may be on separate chips (or sets of chips), boards, or units, such as radio units and digital units. In alternative embodiments, part or all of RF transceiver circuitry 1672 and baseband processing circuitry 1674 may be on the same chip or set of chips, boards, or units
In certain embodiments, some or all of the functionality described herein as being provided by a network node, base station, eNB or other such network device may be performed by processing circuitry 1670 executing instructions stored on device readable medium 1680 or memory within processing circuitry 1670. In alternative embodiments, some or all of the functionality may be provided by processing circuitry 1670 without executing instructions stored on a separate or discrete device readable medium, such as in a hard-wired manner. In any of those embodiments, whether executing instructions stored on a device readable storage medium or not, processing circuitry 1670 can be configured to perform the described functionality. The benefits provided by such functionality are not limited to processing circuitry 1670 alone or to other components of network node 1660, but are enjoyed by network node 1660 as a whole, and/or by end users and the wireless network generally.
Device readable medium 1680 may comprise any form of volatile or non-volatile computer readable memory including, without limitation, persistent storage, solid-state memory, remotely mounted memory, magnetic media, optical media, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), mass storage media (for example, a hard disk), removable storage media (for example, a flash drive, a Compact Disk (CD) or a Digital Video Disk (DVD)), and/or any other volatile or non-volatile, non-transitory device readable and/or computer-executable memory devices that store information, data, and/or instructions that may be used by processing circuitry 1670. Device readable medium 1680 may store any suitable instructions, data or information, including a computer program, software, an application including one or more of logic, rules, code, tables, etc. and/or other instructions capable of being executed by processing circuitry 1670 and, utilized by network node 1660. Device readable medium 1680 may be used to store any calculations made by processing circuitry 1670 and/or any data received via interface 1690. In some embodiments, processing circuitry 1670 and device readable medium 1680 may be considered to be integrated.
Interface 1690 is used in the wired or wireless communication of signalling and/or data between network node 1660, network 1606, and/or WDs 1610. As illustrated, interface 1690 comprises port(s)/terminal(s) 1694 to send and receive data, for example to and from network 1606 over a wired connection. Interface 1690 also includes radio front end circuitry 1692 that may be coupled to, or in certain embodiments a part of, antenna 1662. Radio front end circuitry 1692 comprises filters 1698 and amplifiers 1696. Radio front end circuitry 1692 may be connected to antenna 1662 and processing circuitry 1670. Radio front end circuitry may be configured to condition signals communicated between antenna 1662 and processing circuitry 1670. Radio front end circuitry 1692 may receive digital data that is to be sent out to other network nodes or WDs via a wireless connection. Radio front end circuitry 1692 may convert the digital data into a radio signal having the appropriate channel and bandwidth parameters using a combination of filters 1698 and/or amplifiers 1696. The radio signal may then be transmitted via antenna 1662. Similarly, when receiving data, antenna 1662 may collect radio signals which are then converted into digital data by radio front end circuitry 1692. The digital data may be passed to processing circuitry 1670. In other embodiments, the interface may comprise different components and/or different combinations of components.
In certain alternative embodiments, network node 1660 may not include separate radio front end circuitry 1692, instead, processing circuitry 1670 may comprise radio front end circuitry and may be connected to antenna 1662 without separate radio front end circuitry 1692. Similarly, in some embodiments, all or some of RF transceiver circuitry 1672 may be considered a part of interface 1690. In still other embodiments, interface 1690 may include one or more ports or terminals 1694, radio front end circuitry 1692, and RF transceiver circuitry 1672, as part of a radio unit (not shown), and interface 1690 may communicate with baseband processing circuitry 1674, which is part of a digital unit (not shown).
Antenna 1662 may include one or more antennas, or antenna arrays, configured to send and/or receive wireless signals. Antenna 1662 may be coupled to radio front end circuitry 1690 and may be any type of antenna capable of transmitting and receiving data and/or signals wirelessly. In some embodiments, antenna 1662 may comprise one or more omni-directional, sector or panel antennas operable to transmit/receive radio signals between, for example, 2 GHz and 66 GHz. An omni-directional antenna may be used to transmit/receive radio signals in any direction, a sector antenna may be used to transmit/receive radio signals from devices within a particular area, and a panel antenna may be a line of sight antenna used to transmit/receive radio signals in a relatively straight line. In some instances, the use of more than one antenna may be referred to as MIMO. In certain embodiments, antenna 1662 may be separate from network node 1660 and may be connectable to network node 1660 through an interface or port.
Antenna 1662, interface 1690, and/or processing circuitry 1670 may be configured to perform any receiving operations and/or certain obtaining operations described herein as being performed by a network node. Any information, data and/or signals may be received from a wireless device, another network node and/or any other network equipment. Similarly, antenna 1662, interface 1690, and/or processing circuitry 1670 may be configured to perform any transmitting operations described herein as being performed by a network node. Any information, data and/or signals may be transmitted to a wireless device, another network node and/or any other network equipment.
Power circuitry 1687 may comprise, or be coupled to, power management circuitry and is configured to supply the components of network node 1660 with power for performing the functionality described herein. Power circuitry 1687 may receive power from power source 1686. Power source 1686 and/or power circuitry 1687 may be configured to provide power to the various components of network node 1660 in a form suitable for the respective components (e.g., at a voltage and current level needed for each respective component). Power source 1686 may either be included in, or external to, power circuitry 1687 and/or network node 1660. For example, network node 1660 may be connectable to an external power source (e.g., an electricity outlet) via an input circuitry or interface such as an electrical cable, whereby the external power source supplies power to power circuitry 1687. As a further example, power source 1686 may comprise a source of power in the form of a battery or battery pack which is connected to, or integrated in, power circuitry 1687. The battery may provide backup power should the external power source fail. Other types of power sources, such as photovoltaic devices, may also be used.
Alternative embodiments of network node 1660 may include additional components beyond those shown in
As used herein, wireless device (WD) refers to a device capable, configured, arranged and/or operable to communicate wirelessly with network nodes and/or other wireless devices. Unless otherwise noted, the term WD may be used interchangeably herein with user equipment (UE). Communicating wirelessly may involve transmitting and/or receiving wireless signals using electromagnetic waves, radio waves, infrared waves, and/or other types of signals suitable for conveying information through air. In some embodiments, a WD may be configured to transmit and/or receive information without direct human interaction. For instance, a WD may be designed to transmit information to a network on a predetermined schedule, when triggered by an internal or external event, or in response to requests from the network. Examples of a WD include, but are not limited to, a smart phone, a mobile phone, a cell phone, a voice over IP (VoIP) phone, a wireless local loop phone, a desktop computer, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless cameras, a gaming console or device, a music storage device, a playback appliance, a wearable terminal device, a wireless endpoint, a mobile station, a tablet, a laptop, a laptop-embedded equipment (LEE), a laptop-mounted equipment (LME), a smart device, a wireless customer-premise equipment (CPE). a vehicle-mounted wireless terminal device, etc. A WD may support device-to-device (D2D) communication, for example by implementing a 3GPP standard for sidelink communication, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), vehicle-to-everything (V2X) and may in this case be referred to as a D2D communication device. As yet another specific example, in an Internet of Things (IoT) scenario, a WD may represent a machine or other device that performs monitoring and/or measurements, and transmits the results of such monitoring and/or measurements to another WD and/or a network node. The WD may in this case be a machine-to-machine (M2M) device, which may in a 3GPP context be referred to as an MTC device. As one particular example, the WD may be a UE implementing the 3GPP narrow band internet of things (NB-IoT) standard. Particular examples of such machines or devices are sensors, metering devices such as power meters, industrial machinery, or home or personal appliances (e.g. refrigerators, televisions, etc.) personal wearables (e.g., watches, fitness trackers, etc.). In other scenarios, a WD may represent a vehicle or other equipment that is capable of monitoring and/or reporting on its operational status or other functions associated with its operation. A WD as described above may represent the endpoint of a wireless connection, in which case the device may be referred to as a wireless terminal. Furthermore, a WD as described above may be mobile, in which case it may also be referred to as a mobile device or a mobile terminal.
As illustrated, wireless device 1610 includes antenna 1611, interface 1614, processing circuitry 1620, device readable medium 1630, user interface equipment 1632, auxiliary equipment 1634, power source 1636 and power circuitry 1637. WD 1610 may include multiple sets of one or more of the illustrated components for different wireless technologies supported by WD 1610, such as, for example, GSM, WCDMA, LTE, NR, WiFi, WiMAX, or Bluetooth wireless technologies, just to mention a few. These wireless technologies may be integrated into the same or different chips or set of chips as other components within WD 1610.
Antenna 1611 may include one or more antennas or antenna arrays, configured to send and/or receive wireless signals, and is connected to interface 1614. In certain alternative embodiments, antenna 1611 may be separate from WD 1610 and be connectable to WD 1610 through an interface or port. Antenna 1611, interface 1614, and/or processing circuitry 1620 may be configured to perform any receiving or transmitting operations described herein as being performed by a WD. Any information, data and/or signals may be received from a network node and/or another WD. In some embodiments, radio front end circuitry and/or antenna 1611 may be considered an interface.
As illustrated, interface 1614 comprises radio front end circuitry 1612 and antenna 1611. Radio front end circuitry 1612 comprise one or more filters 1618 and amplifiers 1616. Radio front end circuitry 1614 is connected to antenna 1611 and processing circuitry 1620, and is configured to condition signals communicated between antenna 1611 and processing circuitry 1620. Radio front end circuitry 1612 may be coupled to or a part of antenna 1611. In some embodiments, WD 1610 may not include separate radio front end circuitry 1612; rather, processing circuitry 1620 may comprise radio front end circuitry and may be connected to antenna 1611. Similarly, in some embodiments, some or all of RF transceiver circuitry 1622 may be considered a part of interface 1614. Radio front end circuitry 1612 may receive digital data that is to be sent out to other network nodes or WDs via a wireless connection. Radio front end circuitry 1612 may convert the digital data into a radio signal having the appropriate channel and bandwidth parameters using a combination of filters 1618 and/or amplifiers 1616. The radio signal may then be transmitted via antenna 1611. Similarly, when receiving data, antenna 1611 may collect radio signals which are then converted into digital data by radio front end circuitry 1612. The digital data may be passed to processing circuitry 1620. In other embodiments, the interface may comprise different components and/or different combinations of components.
Processing circuitry 1620 may comprise a combination of one or more of a microprocessor, controller, microcontroller, central processing unit, digital signal processor, application-specific integrated circuit, field programmable gate array, or any other suitable computing device, resource, or combination of hardware, software, and/or encoded logic operable to provide, either alone or in conjunction with other WD 1610 components, such as device readable medium 1630, WD 1610 functionality. Such functionality may include providing any of the various wireless features or benefits discussed herein. For example, processing circuitry 1620 may execute instructions stored in device readable medium 1630 or in memory within processing circuitry 1620 to provide the functionality disclosed herein.
As illustrated, processing circuitry 1620 includes one or more of RF transceiver circuitry 1622, baseband processing circuitry 1624, and application processing circuitry 1626. In other embodiments, the processing circuitry may comprise different components and/or different combinations of components. In certain embodiments processing circuitry 1620 of WD 1610 may comprise a SOC. In some embodiments, RF transceiver circuitry 1622, baseband processing circuitry 1624, and application processing circuitry 1626 may be on separate chips or sets of chips. In alternative embodiments, part or all of baseband processing circuitry 1624 and application processing circuitry 1626 may be combined into one chip or set of chips, and RF transceiver circuitry 1622 may be on a separate chip or set of chips. In still alternative embodiments, part or all of RF transceiver circuitry 1622 and baseband processing circuitry 1624 may be on the same chip or set of chips, and application processing circuitry 1626 may be on a separate chip or set of chips. In yet other alternative embodiments, part or all of RF transceiver circuitry 1622, baseband processing circuitry 1624, and application processing circuitry 1626 may be combined in the same chip or set of chips. In some embodiments, RF transceiver circuitry 1622 may be a part of interface 1614. RF transceiver circuitry 1622 may condition RF signals for processing circuitry 1620.
In certain embodiments, some or all of the functionality described herein as being performed by a WD may be provided by processing circuitry 1620 executing instructions stored on device readable medium 1630, which in certain embodiments may be a computer-readable storage medium. In alternative embodiments, some or all of the functionality may be provided by processing circuitry 1620 without executing instructions stored on a separate or discrete device readable storage medium, such as in a hard-wired manner. In any of those particular embodiments, whether executing instructions stored on a device readable storage medium or not, processing circuitry 1620 can be configured to perform the described functionality. The benefits provided by such functionality are not limited to processing circuitry 1620 alone or to other components of WD 1610, but are enjoyed by WD 1610 as a whole, and/or by end users and the wireless network generally.
Processing circuitry 1620 may be configured to perform any determining, calculating, or similar operations (e.g., certain obtaining operations) described herein as being performed by a WD. These operations, as performed by processing circuitry 1620, may include processing information obtained by processing circuitry 1620 by, for example, converting the obtained information into other information, comparing the obtained information or converted information to information stored by WD 1610, and/or performing one or more operations based on the obtained information or converted information, and as a result of said processing making a determination.
Device readable medium 1630 may be operable to store a computer program, software, an application including one or more of logic, rules, code, tables, etc. and/or other instructions capable of being executed by processing circuitry 1620. Device readable medium 1630 may include computer memory (e.g., Random Access Memory (RAM) or Read Only Memory (ROM)), mass storage media (e.g., a hard disk), removable storage media (e.g., a Compact Disk (CD) or a Digital Video Disk (DVD)), and/or any other volatile or non-volatile, non-transitory device readable and/or computer executable memory devices that store information, data, and/or instructions that may be used by processing circuitry 1620. In some embodiments, processing circuitry 1620 and device readable medium 1630 may be considered to be integrated.
User interface equipment 1632 may provide components that allow for a human user to interact with WD 1610. Such interaction may be of many forms, such as visual, audial, tactile, etc. User interface equipment 1632 may be operable to produce output to the user and to allow the user to provide input to WD 1610. The type of interaction may vary depending on the type of user interface equipment 1632 installed in WD 1610. For example, if WD 1610 is a smart phone, the interaction may be via a touch screen; if WD 1610 is a smart meter, the interaction may be through a screen that provides usage (e.g., the number of gallons used) or a speaker that provides an audible alert (e.g., if smoke is detected). User interface equipment 1632 may include input interfaces, devices and circuits, and output interfaces, devices and circuits. User interface equipment 1632 is configured to allow input of information into WD 1610, and is connected to processing circuitry 1620 to allow processing circuitry 1620 to process the input information. User interface equipment 1632 may include, for example, a microphone, a proximity or other sensor, keys/buttons, a touch display, one or more cameras, a USB port, or other input circuitry. User interface equipment 1632 is also configured to allow output of information from WD 1610, and to allow processing circuitry 1620 to output information from WD 1610. User interface equipment 1632 may include, for example, a speaker, a display, vibrating circuitry, a USB port, a headphone interface, or other output circuitry. Using one or more input and output interfaces, devices, and circuits, of user interface equipment 1632, WD 1610 may communicate with end users and/or the wireless network, and allow them to benefit from the functionality described herein.
Auxiliary equipment 1634 is operable to provide more specific functionality which may not be generally performed by WDs. This may comprise specialized sensors for doing measurements for various purposes, interfaces for additional types of communication such as wired communications etc. The inclusion and type of components of auxiliary equipment 1634 may vary depending on the embodiment and/or scenario.
Power source 1636 may, in some embodiments, be in the form of a battery or battery pack. Other types of power sources, such as an external power source (e.g., an electricity outlet), photovoltaic devices or power cells, may also be used. WD 1610 may further comprise power circuitry 1637 for delivering power from power source 1636 to the various parts of WD 1610 which need power from power source 1636 to carry out any functionality described or indicated herein. Power circuitry 1637 may in certain embodiments comprise power management circuitry. Power circuitry 1637 may additionally or alternatively be operable to receive power from an external power source; in which case WD 1610 may be connectable to the external power source (such as an electricity outlet) via input circuitry or an interface such as an electrical power cable. Power circuitry 1637 may also in certain embodiments be operable to deliver power from an external power source to power source 1636. This may be, for example, for the charging of power source 1636. Power circuitry 1637 may perform any formatting, converting, or other modification to the power from power source 1636 to make the power suitable for the respective components of WD 1610 to which power is supplied.
In
In
In the depicted embodiment, input/output interface 1705 may be configured to provide a communication interface to an input device, output device, or input and output device. UE 1700 may be configured to use an output device via input/output interface 1705. An output device may use the same type of interface port as an input device. For example, a USB port may be used to provide input to and output from UE 1700. The output device may be a speaker, a sound card, a video card, a display, a monitor, a printer, an actuator, an emitter, a smartcard, another output device, or any combination thereof. UE 1700 may be configured to use an input device via input/output interface 1705 to allow a user to capture information into UE 1700. The input device may include a touch-sensitive or presence-sensitive display, a camera (e.g., a digital camera, a digital video camera, a web camera, etc.), a microphone, a sensor, a mouse, a trackball, a directional pad, a trackpad, a scroll wheel, a smartcard, and the like. The presence-sensitive display may include a capacitive or resistive touch sensor to sense input from a user. A sensor may be, for instance, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a tilt sensor, a force sensor, a magnetometer, an optical sensor, a proximity sensor, another like sensor, or any combination thereof. For example, the input device may be an accelerometer, a magnetometer, a digital camera, a microphone, and an optical sensor.
In
RAM 1717 may be configured to interface via bus 1702 to processing circuitry 1701 to provide storage or caching of data or computer instructions during the execution of software programs such as the operating system, application programs, and device drivers. ROM 1719 may be configured to provide computer instructions or data to processing circuitry 1701. For example, ROM 1719 may be configured to store invariant low-level system code or data for basic system functions such as basic input and output (I/O), startup, or reception of keystrokes from a keyboard that are stored in a non-volatile memory. Storage medium 1721 may be configured to include memory such as RAM, ROM, programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), magnetic disks, optical disks, floppy disks, hard disks, removable cartridges, or flash drives. In one example, storage medium 1721 may be configured to include operating system 1723, application program 1725 such as a web browser application, a widget or gadget engine or another application, and data file 1727. Storage medium 1721 may store, for use by UE 1700, any of a variety of various operating systems or combinations of operating systems.
Storage medium 1721 may be configured to include a number of physical drive units, such as redundant array of independent disks (RAID), floppy disk drive, flash memory, USB flash drive, external hard disk drive, thumb drive, pen drive, key drive, high-density digital versatile disc (HD-DVD) optical disc drive, internal hard disk drive, Blu-Ray optical disc drive, holographic digital data storage (HDDS) optical disc drive, external mini-dual in-line memory module (DIMM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), external micro-DIMM SDRAM, smartcard memory such as a subscriber identity module or a removable user identity (SIM/RUIM) module, other memory, or any combination thereof. Storage medium 1721 may allow UE 1700 to access computer-executable instructions, application programs or the like, stored on transitory or non-transitory memory media, to off-load data, or to upload data. An article of manufacture, such as one utilizing a communication system may be tangibly embodied in storage medium 1721, which may comprise a device readable medium.
In
In the illustrated embodiment, the communication functions of communication subsystem 1731 may include data communication, voice communication, multimedia communication, short-range communications such as Bluetooth, near-field communication, location-based communication such as the use of the global positioning system (GNSS/GPS) to determine a location, another like communication function, or any combination thereof. For example, communication subsystem 1731 may include cellular communication, Wi-Fi communication, Bluetooth communication, and GNSS/GPS communication. Network 1743b may encompass wired and/or wireless networks such as a local-area network (LAN), a wide-area network (WAN), a computer network, a wireless network, a telecommunications network, another like network or any combination thereof. For example, network 1743b may be a cellular network, a Wi-Fi network, and/or a near-field network. Power source 1713 may be configured to provide alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC) power to components of UE 1700.
The features, benefits and/or functions described herein may be implemented in one of the components of UE 1700 or partitioned across multiple components of UE 1700. Further, the features, benefits, and/or functions described herein may be implemented in any combination of hardware, software or firmware. In one example, communication subsystem 1731 may be configured to include any of the components described herein. Further, processing circuitry 1701 may be configured to communicate with any of such components over bus 1702. In another example, any of such components may be represented by program instructions stored in memory that when executed by processing circuitry 1701 perform the corresponding functions described herein. In another example, the functionality of any of such components may be partitioned between processing circuitry 1701 and communication subsystem 1731. In another example, the non-computationally intensive functions of any of such components may be implemented in software or firmware and the computationally intensive functions may be implemented in hardware.
In some embodiments, some or all of the functions described herein may be implemented as virtual components executed by one or more virtual machines implemented in one or more virtual environments 1800 hosted by one or more of hardware nodes 1830. Further, in embodiments in which the virtual node is not a radio access node or does not require radio connectivity (e.g., a core network node), then the network node may be entirely virtualized.
The functions may be implemented by one or more applications 1820 (which may alternatively be called software instances, virtual appliances, network functions, virtual nodes, virtual network functions, etc.) operative to implement some of the features, functions, and/or benefits of some of the embodiments disclosed herein. Applications 1820 are run in virtualization environment 1800 which provides hardware 1830 comprising processing circuitry 1860 and memory 1890. Memory 1890 contains instructions 1895 executable by processing circuitry 1860 whereby application 1820 is operative to provide one or more of the features, benefits, and/or functions disclosed herein.
Virtualization environment 1800, comprises general-purpose or special-purpose network hardware devices 1830 comprising a set of one or more processors or processing circuitry 1860, which may be commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) processors, dedicated Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), or any other type of processing circuitry including digital or analog hardware components or special purpose processors. Each hardware device may comprise memory 1890-1 which may be non-persistent memory for temporarily storing instructions 1895 or software executed by processing circuitry 1860. Each hardware device may comprise one or more network interface controllers (NICs) 1870, also known as network interface cards, which include physical network interface 1880. Each hardware device may also include non-transitory, persistent, machine-readable storage media 1890-2 having stored therein software 1895 and/or instructions executable by processing circuitry 1860. Software 1895 may include any type of software including software for instantiating one or more virtualization layers 1850 (also referred to as hypervisors), software to execute virtual machines 1840 as well as software allowing it to execute functions, features and/or benefits described in relation with some embodiments described herein.
Virtual machines 1840, comprise virtual processing, virtual memory, virtual networking or interface and virtual storage, and may be run by a corresponding virtualization layer 1850 or hypervisor. Different embodiments of the instance of virtual appliance 1820 may be implemented on one or more of virtual machines 1840, and the implementations may be made in different ways.
During operation, processing circuitry 1860 executes software 1895 to instantiate the hypervisor or virtualization layer 1850, which may sometimes be referred to as a virtual machine monitor (VMM). Virtualization layer 1850 may present a virtual operating platform that appears like networking hardware to virtual machine 1840.
As shown in
Virtualization of the hardware is in some contexts referred to as network function virtualization (NFV). NFV may be used to consolidate many network equipment types onto industry standard high volume server hardware, physical switches, and physical storage, which can be located in data centers, and customer premise equipment.
In the context of NFV, virtual machine 1840 may be a software implementation of a physical machine that runs programs as if they were executing on a physical, non-virtualized machine. Each of virtual machines 1840, and that part of hardware 1830 that executes that virtual machine, be it hardware dedicated to that virtual machine and/or hardware shared by that virtual machine with others of the virtual machines 1840, forms a separate virtual network elements (VNE).
Still in the context of NFV, Virtual Network Function (VNF) is responsible for handling specific network functions that run in one or more virtual machines 1840 on top of hardware networking infrastructure 1830 and corresponds to application 1820 in
In some embodiments, one or more radio units 18200 that each include one or more transmitters 18220 and one or more receivers 18210 may be coupled to one or more antennas 18225. Radio units 18200 may communicate directly with hardware nodes 1830 via one or more appropriate network interfaces and may be used in combination with the virtual components to provide a virtual node with radio capabilities, such as a radio access node or a base station.
In some embodiments, some signalling can be affected with the use of control system 18230 which may alternatively be used for communication between the hardware nodes 1830 and radio units 18200.
With reference to
Telecommunication network 1910 is itself connected to host computer 1930, which may be embodied in the hardware and/or software of a standalone server, a cloud-implemented server, a distributed server or as processing resources in a server farm. Host computer 1930 may be under the ownership or control of a service provider, or may be operated by the service provider or on behalf of the service provider. Connections 1921 and 1922 between telecommunication network 1910 and host computer 1930 may extend directly from core network 1914 to host computer 1930 or may go via an optional intermediate network 1920. Intermediate network 1920 may be one of, or a combination of more than one of, a public, private or hosted network; intermediate network 1920, if any, may be a backbone network or the Internet; in particular, intermediate network 1920 may comprise two or more sub-networks (not shown).
The communication system of
Example implementations, in accordance with an embodiment, of the UE, base station and host computer discussed in the preceding paragraphs will now be described with reference to
Communication system 2000 further includes base station 2020 provided in a telecommunication system and comprising hardware 2025 enabling it to communicate with host computer 2010 and with UE 2030. Hardware 2025 may include communication interface 2026 for setting up and maintaining a wired or wireless connection with an interface of a different communication device of communication system 2000, as well as radio interface 2027 for setting up and maintaining at least wireless connection 2070 with UE 2030 located in a coverage area (not shown in
Communication system 2000 further includes UE 2030 already referred to. Its hardware 2035 may include radio interface 2037 configured to set up and maintain wireless connection 2070 with a base station serving a coverage area in which UE 2030 is currently located. Hardware 2035 of UE 2030 further includes processing circuitry 2038, which may comprise one or more programmable processors, application-specific integrated circuits, field programmable gate arrays or combinations of these (not shown) adapted to execute instructions. UE 2030 further comprises software 2031, which is stored in or accessible by UE 2030 and executable by processing circuitry 2038. Software 2031 includes client application 2032. Client application 2032 may be operable to provide a service to a human or non-human user via UE 2030, with the support of host computer 2010. In host computer 2010, an executing host application 2012 may communicate with the executing client application 2032 via OTT connection 2050 terminating at UE 2030 and host computer 2010. In providing the service to the user, client application 2032 may receive request data from host application 2012 and provide user data in response to the request data. OTT connection 2050 may transfer both the request data and the user data. Client application 2032 may interact with the user to generate the user data that it provides.
It is noted that host computer 2010, base station 2020 and UE 2030 illustrated in
In
Wireless connection 2070 between UE 2030 and base station 2020 is in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure. One or more of the various embodiments may improve the performance of OTT services provided to UE 2030 using OTT connection 2050, in which wireless connection 2070 forms the last segment. More precisely, the teachings of these embodiments may improve the random access speed and/or reduce random access failure rates and thereby provide benefits such as faster and/or more reliable random access.
A measurement procedure may be provided for the purpose of monitoring data rate, latency and other factors on which the one or more embodiments improve. There may further be an optional network functionality for reconfiguring OTT connection 2050 between host computer 2010 and UE 2030, in response to variations in the measurement results. The measurement procedure and/or the network functionality for reconfiguring OTT connection 2050 may be implemented in software 2011 and hardware 2015 of host computer 2010 or in software 2031 and hardware 2035 of UE 2030, or both. In embodiments, sensors (not shown) may be deployed in or in association with communication devices through which OTT connection 2050 passes; the sensors may participate in the measurement procedure by supplying values of the monitored quantities exemplified above, or supplying values of other physical quantities from which software 2011, 2031 may compute or estimate the monitored quantities. The reconfiguring of OTT connection 2050 may include message format, retransmission settings, preferred routing etc.; the reconfiguring need not affect base station 2020, and it may be unknown or imperceptible to base station 2020. Such procedures and functionalities may be known and practiced in the art. In certain embodiments, measurements may involve proprietary UE signaling facilitating host computer 2010's measurements of throughput, propagation times, latency and the like. The measurements may be implemented in that software 2011 and 2031 causes messages to be transmitted, in particular empty or ‘dummy’ messages, using OTT connection 2050 while it monitors propagation times, errors etc.
Any appropriate steps, methods, features, functions, or benefits disclosed herein may be performed through one or more functional units or modules of one or more virtual apparatuses. Each virtual apparatus may comprise a number of these functional units. These functional units may be implemented via processing circuitry, which may include one or more microprocessor or microcontrollers, as well as other digital hardware, which may include digital signal processors (DSPs), special-purpose digital logic, and the like. The processing circuitry may be configured to execute program code stored in memory, which may include one or several types of memory such as read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory (RAM), cache memory, flash memory devices, optical storage devices, etc. Program code stored in memory includes program instructions for executing one or more telecommunications and/or data communications protocols as well as instructions for carrying out one or more of the techniques described herein. In some implementations, the processing circuitry may be used to cause the respective functional unit to perform corresponding functions according one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
The term unit may have conventional meaning in the field of electronics, electrical devices and/or electronic devices and may include, for example, electrical and/or electronic circuitry, devices, modules, processors, memories, logic solid state and/or discrete devices, computer programs or instructions for carrying out respective tasks, procedures, computations, outputs, and/or displaying functions, and so on, as such as those that are described herein.
At least some of the following abbreviations may be used in this disclosure. If there is an inconsistency between abbreviations, preference should be given to how it is used above. If listed multiple times below, the first listing should be preferred over any subsequent listing(s).
Further definitions and embodiments are discussed below.
In the above-description of various embodiments of present inventive concepts, it is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of present inventive concepts. Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which present inventive concepts belong. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of this specification and the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
When an element is referred to as being “connected”, “coupled”, “responsive”, or variants thereof to another element, it can be directly connected, coupled, or responsive to the other element or intervening elements may be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly connected”, “directly coupled”, “directly responsive”, or variants thereof to another element, there are no intervening elements present. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout. Furthermore, “coupled”, “connected”, “responsive”, or variants thereof as used herein may include wirelessly coupled, connected, or responsive. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Well-known functions or constructions may not be described in detail for brevity and/or clarity. The term “and/or” (abbreviated “/”) includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
It will be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements/operations, these elements/operations should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element/operation from another element/operation. Thus a first element/operation in some embodiments could be termed a second element/operation in other embodiments without departing from the teachings of present inventive concepts. The same reference numerals or the same reference designators denote the same or similar elements throughout the specification.
As used herein, the terms “comprise”, “comprising”, “comprises”, “include”, “including”, “includes”, “have”, “has”, “having”, or variants thereof are open-ended, and include one or more stated features, integers, elements, steps, components or functions but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, elements, steps, components, functions or groups thereof. Furthermore, as used herein, the common abbreviation “e.g.”, which derives from the Latin phrase “exempli gratia,” may be used to introduce or specify a general example or examples of a previously mentioned item, and is not intended to be limiting of such item. The common abbreviation “i.e.”, which derives from the Latin phrase “id est,” may be used to specify a particular item from a more general recitation.
Example embodiments are described herein with reference to block diagrams and/or flowchart illustrations of computer-implemented methods, apparatus (systems and/or devices) and/or computer program products. It is understood that a block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustrations, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustrations, can be implemented by computer program instructions that are performed by one or more computer circuits. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor circuit of a general purpose computer circuit, special purpose computer circuit, and/or other programmable data processing circuit to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer and/or other programmable data processing apparatus, transform and control transistors, values stored in memory locations, and other hardware components within such circuitry to implement the functions/acts specified in the block diagrams and/or flowchart block or blocks, and thereby create means (functionality) and/or structure for implementing the functions/acts specified in the block diagrams and/or flowchart block(s).
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a tangible computer-readable medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable medium produce an article of manufacture including instructions which implement the functions/acts specified in the block diagrams and/or flowchart block or blocks. Accordingly, embodiments of present inventive concepts may be embodied in hardware and/or in software (including firmware, resident software, micro-code, etc.) that runs on a processor such as a digital signal processor, which may collectively be referred to as “circuitry,” “a module” or variants thereof.
It should also be noted that in some alternate implementations, the functions/acts noted in the blocks may occur out of the order noted in the flowcharts. For example, two blocks shown in succession may in fact be executed substantially concurrently or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality/acts involved. Moreover, the functionality of a given block of the flowcharts and/or block diagrams may be separated into multiple blocks and/or the functionality of two or more blocks of the flowcharts and/or block diagrams may be at least partially integrated. Finally, other blocks may be added/inserted between the blocks that are illustrated, and/or blocks/operations may be omitted without departing from the scope of inventive concepts. Moreover, although some of the diagrams include arrows on communication paths to show a primary direction of communication, it is to be understood that communication may occur in the opposite direction to the depicted arrows.
Many variations and modifications can be made to the embodiments without substantially departing from the principles of the present inventive concepts. All such variations and modifications are intended to be included herein within the scope of present inventive concepts. Accordingly, the above disclosed subject matter is to be considered illustrative, and not restrictive, and the examples of embodiments are intended to cover all such modifications, enhancements, and other embodiments, which fall within the spirit and scope of present inventive concepts. Thus, to the maximum extent allowed by law, the scope of present inventive concepts is to be determined by the broadest permissible interpretation of the present disclosure including the examples of embodiments and their equivalents, and shall not be restricted or limited by the foregoing detailed description.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IB2020/053066 | 3/31/2020 | WO |
