Patent Application
20160251012
The present application claims priority to German Patent Application Nos. 102015202899.2, 102015202904.2, 102015202898.4, 102015208893.3, 102015202885.2, 102015202903.4, 102015202897.6, 102015202896.8, 102015202892.5, and 102015202887.9, all filed on Feb. 18, 2015, the entire contents of each of which are hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes.
The present description relates generally to system and methods for exhaust after-treatment devices.
In the prior art, it is known for example from DE 102013111110 A1 that engines with exhaust-gas recirculation systems can be configured to divert at least a part of the exhaust gas from an engine outlet passage to an engine intake passage. Engine pumping work and NOx emissions can be reduced by means of exhaust-gas recirculation (EGR). Under throttled working conditions, the exhaust-gas recirculation has the effect that, for the same engine load, the throttle is opened to a greater extent. Pumping losses can be reduced by reducing the throttling of the engine, which improves the fuel efficiency. Furthermore, with exhaust-gas recirculation, the combustion temperature can be reduced, which reduces an amount of NOx generated during the combustion.
The present disclosure is based on the object of making it possible for parameters for an exhaust-gas after-treatment device to be influenced more easily, and thus for the exhaust-gas after-treatment device to be controlled more effectively.
In one example, a motor vehicle having a hybrid drivetrain comprises an electric machine and an internal combustion engine, an intake-air tract, an exhaust tract, an exhaust-gas after-treatment device which is arranged in the exhaust tract, and an exhaust-gas recirculation tract which is designed to conduct exhaust gas out of the exhaust tract from an exhaust-gas extraction point, arranged downstream of the exhaust-gas after-treatment device, to an exhaust-gas introduction point, arranged in the intake-air tract, as a result of which a loop is formed. During a demand check, at least one exhaust-gas after-treatment actual value, which characterizes a current exhaust-gas after-treatment actual state, is compared with an exhaust-gas after-treatment set point value. If, in the event of a deviation of the exhaust-gas after-treatment actual value from the exhaust-gas after-treatment setpoint value, a demand for a measure (such as a corrective measure) is detected, the measure is implemented in a measure implementation step. The measure here comprises supplying charge gas, which has recirculated exhaust gas, to the internal combustion engine during overrun operation. In particular, charge gas which is formed entirely from recirculated exhaust gas is fed to the engine.
The exhaust-gas after-treatment actual value is detected in an exhaust-gas after-treatment value detection step. The exhaust-gas after-treatment actual value can be based on at least one measured value or else on a result of a mathematical model. The measure is, in particular, a measure for reducing nitrogen oxides (NOx).
The operating conditions of the at least one exhaust-gas after-treatment device are advantageously influenced by means of the operating method. The desired influencing is implemented here either directly during the operating method in the overrun operation or else immediately after the internal combustion engine has returned from overrun operation. During overrun conditions the internal combustion engine may not provide torque for operating the vehicle and the throttle may be maintained in closed position. The exhaust-gas after-treatment device is kept within predefined parameters or is adjusted to said parameters in which the exhaust-gas after-treatment device functions optimally. As a result, the effectiveness of the exhaust-gas after-treatment device is increased and undesired emissions are reduced.
In particular, the temperature of the exhaust-gas after-treatment device is influenced by means of the flushing of the exhaust-gas after-treatment device with recirculated exhaust gas during overrun operation of the internal combustion engine. In addition to the exhaust gas recirculation, the measure can comprise introducing fuel into the loop (that is to say into the internal combustion engine or into the exhaust tract).
The exhaust-gas composition can advantageously be influenced by introducing the fuel during the measure. Richer exhaust gas can be generated. In the exhaust-gas after-treatment device, configured as a nitrogen oxide storage catalytic converter, the richer exhaust gas can bring about a release of the stored nitrogen oxides which can then be converted in a second exhaust-gas after-treatment device, embodied as a selectively active reduction catalytic converter. Here, the fuel may be introduced, in particular in a post-injection, into a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine or into the exhaust tract, in particular upstream of the exhaust-gas after-treatment device. Also, reduction of trapped nitrogen oxides (NOx) can be brought about by additionally feeding in urea solution (urea), which reacts in the exhaust gas to form ammonia (NH3). Instead of the urea solution, it is also possible for some other substance to be introduced which makes a reducing agent available in the SCR catalytic converter or is itself a reducing agent, in particular ammonia.
In one advantageous embodiment of the operating method according to the disclosure, the measure comprises operating the electric machine. The electric machine can be operated in such a way that the electric machine drives the motor vehicle, or else in such a way that the internal combustion engine reaches or maintains a specific rotational speed. In particular, the internal combustion engine may be kept constant at a predefined rotational speed during the measure.
In this way, the hybrid drivetrain is used to decouple the internal combustion engine from the drive during the measure. The internal combustion engine can, as a result, be used solely for influencing the exhaust-gas after-treatment devices arranged in the loop. The internal combustion engine can stay in the overrun operation by virtue of the motor vehicle being driven by means of the electric machine. The phases of the overrun operation of the internal combustion engine can therefore be extended. The operating state of the internal combustion engine becomes less dependent on the driving state of the motor vehicle. By driving the internal combustion engine by means of the electric machine, the internal combustion engine can, in overrun operation, reach any desired rotational speed which is independent of the current motor vehicle speed. The mass flow through the internal combustion engine can as a result be optimized for the measure, and the measure can be carried out more effectively. Moreover, a constant rotational speed of the internal combustion engine makes the measure easier to control.
In the demand check, consideration is given, in particular, to ammonia loading in the exhaust-gas after-treatment device, embodied as a selectively active reduction catalytic converter. The measure is carried out if the detected exhaust-gas after-treatment actual value for the ammonia loading falls below the exhaust-gas after-treatment setpoint value for the ammonia loading.
This advantageously ensures that a predefined quantity of ammonia, which is available for the reduction of the nitrogen oxides, is stored in the exhaust-gas after-treatment device, embodied as a selectively active reduction catalytic converter. The measure can be carried out as a function of the ammonia which is already present.
As an alternative to or in addition, in the demand check, consideration is given to a nitrogen oxide load in the exhaust-gas after-treatment device, embodied as a nitrogen oxide storage catalytic converter. The measure is carried out if the detected exhaust-gas after-treatment actual value for the nitrogen oxide load exceeds the exhaust-gas after-treatment setpoint value for the nitrogen oxide load.
This advantageously ensures that, when there is a predefined quantity of nitrogen oxides which are stored in the exhaust-gas after-treatment device, embodied as a nitrogen oxide storage catalytic converter, a measure for reducing them may be carried out. The exhaust-gas after-treatment device is therefore operated within the limits of its capacity. The measure can be carried out as a function of the capacity utilization of the exhaust-gas after-treatment device.
As an alternative to or in addition, in the demand check, consideration is given to a nitrogen oxide content upstream of the exhaust-gas after-treatment device, embodied as selectively active reduction catalytic converter. The measure is carried out if the detected exhaust-gas after-treatment actual value for the nitrogen oxide content exceeds the exhaust-gas after-treatment setpoint value for the nitrogen oxide content.
As a result it is detected if a nitrogen oxide storage catalytic converter arranged upstream of the selectively active reduction catalytic converter no longer absorbs nitrogen oxides to a desired amount. The measure can also be carried out here as a function of the capacity utilization of the exhaust-gas after-treatment device.
The demand check in the operating method takes place in such a way that not only a deviation of the exhaust-gas after-treatment actual value from the exhaust-gas after-treatment setpoint value is determined, but also the difference that is currently present between the exhaust-gas after-treatment actual value and the exhaust-gas after-treatment setpoint value is also determined. An extent of the required measure can be determined therefrom. The demand check is therefore carried out at the beginning of the operating method, at the moment when the exhaust-gas recirculation valves open. In particular, a time period for the measure to be carried out can be determined. As a result, the performance of the measure can be adjusted as a function of the extent of deviation of the current after-treatment value from the setpoint value.
In a further embodiment of the operating method according to the disclosure, in a motor vehicle value detection step, at least one motor vehicle actual value, which characterizes a current motor vehicle actual state, is detected, and in a capability check, said motor vehicle actual value is compared with at least one motor vehicle setpoint value, and the measure is implemented under the condition that the capability of the motor vehicle to implement the measure is identified if the motor vehicle actual value corresponds to the motor vehicle setpoint value. In the capability check, in particular, consideration is given to a hybrid drivetrain value or a motor vehicle speed or an engine speed or a motor vehicle load or a fuel injection quantity or a brake pedal position or an accelerator pedal position or a clutch pedal position or an item of navigation information or an item of traffic information or an item of cruise control system information.
As a result, consideration is also given to the current state of the motor vehicle, and it can be determined whether it is at all possible for the desired conditions to be brought about, or whether it is likely that said desired conditions will be brought about, in said current state.
The motor vehicle according to another example of the disclosure comprises a hybrid drivetrain having an electric machine and an internal combustion engine, an intake-air tract, an exhaust tract, an exhaust-gas after-treatment device arranged in the exhaust tract, and an exhaust-gas recirculation tract which is designed for conducting exhaust gas out of the exhaust tract from an exhaust-gas extraction point arranged downstream of the exhaust-gas after-treatment device to an exhaust-gas introduction point arranged in the intake-air tract, as a result of which a loop is formed. The motor vehicle has at least one valve, an exhaust-gas after-treatment value detection unit for detecting an exhaust-gas after-treatment actual value, and a control unit which is designed to identify overrun operation of the internal combustion engine and to adjust the at least one valve during overrun operation in such a way that charge gas, which has recirculated exhaust gas, can be fed to the internal combustion engine, and which is designed to control the electric machine.
The motor vehicle has, in particular, a first exhaust-gas after-treatment device arranged in the exhaust tract, and a second exhaust-gas after-treatment device arranged downstream of the first exhaust-gas after-treatment device and upstream of the exhaust-gas extraction point. The first exhaust-gas after-treatment device is, in particular, a nitrogen oxide storage catalytic converter, and the second exhaust-gas after-treatment device is, in particular, a selectively active reduction catalytic converter which can be a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) catalytic converter (or a particle filter with SCR coating (SCRF for SCR on filter). Both low-pressure and high-pressure EGR may be provided. The hybrid drivetrain can be a parallel or serial hybrid drivetrain.
A motor vehicle with a hybrid drivetrain is therefore provided which makes it possible to perform exhaust-gas recirculation during overrun operation of the internal combustion engine. This therefore makes it possible to influence the operating parameters of the exhaust-gas after-treatment devices arranged in the loop. The hybrid drivetrain also makes it possible to decouple the internal combustion engine from the driving operation (providing torque), at least for a specific time period, and to use said internal combustion engine solely for the measure of influencing the exhaust-gas after-treatment device.
In one embodiment, the motor vehicle has a fuel injector which is designed to introduce fuel into the loop, the control unit being designed to control the fuel injector. The fuel injector is designed, in particular, to introduce the fuel into a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine or into the exhaust tract.
It is therefore made possible for the exhaust-gas recirculation to be combined with an injection of fuel, and for the composition of the exhaust-gas flow to be influenced even during overrun operation of the internal combustion engine. Increasing the proportion of fuel makes it possible to generate richer exhaust gas, which is advantageous, for example, for regenerating the nitrogen oxide storage catalytic converter.
It should be understood that the summary above is provided to introduce in simplified form a selection of concepts that are further described in the detailed description. It is not meant to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, the scope of which is defined uniquely by the claims that follow the detailed description. Furthermore, the claimed subject matter is not limited to implementations that solve any disadvantages noted above or in any part of this disclosure.
The motor vehicle 10 comprises a low-pressure exhaust-gas recirculation (LP-EGR) tract 19 and a high-pressure EGR (HP-EGR) tract 44 to implement exhaust-gas recirculation. In one example, the EGR delivered may be a LP-EGR, wherein a portion of exhaust gas from the exhaust tract 13 may be delivered via LP-EGR tract 19 from downstream of a turbocharger turbine 16 to the engine intake manifold, upstream of a turbocharger compressor 15. In another example, the EGR delivered may be a HP-EGR, wherein a portion of exhaust gas from the exhaust tract 13 may be delivered via HP-EGR tract 44 from upstream of a turbocharger turbine 16 to the engine intake manifold, downstream of a turbocharger compressor 15.
The LP-EGR tract 19 is coupled to the exhaust tract 13 at an exhaust-gas extraction point 24 and to the intake-air tract 12 at an exhaust-gas introduction point 25. With the LP-EGR tract 19, a loop is formed which leads from the exhaust-gas extraction point 24 in the exhaust tract 13, via the LP-EGR tract 19, to the exhaust-gas introduction point 25 in the intake-air tract 12, and via the internal combustion engine 11 back to the exhaust-gas extraction point 24. The LP-EGR tract 19 is designed to conduct at least a portion of the exhaust gas 36 flowing through the exhaust tract 13 to the intake-air tract 12. Said part is in this case referred to as recirculated exhaust gas 37. The remaining portion is in this case referred to as discharged exhaust gas 38.
The motor vehicle 10 is designed such that the entire mass flow of the exhaust gas 36 can be recirculated to the intake-air tract 12 through the LP-EGR tract 19 and HP-EGR tract 44. Here, the mass flow of the exhaust gas 36 is equal to the mass flow of the recirculated exhaust gas 37. Here, the exhaust gas 36 circulates in the loop. This situation is illustrated with reference to
The charge gas 35 can be generated in principle from fresh air 30 and recirculated exhaust gas 37 in various ratios during exhaust-gas recirculation, as shown in
To adjust the ratio of fresh air 30 and recirculated exhaust gas 37 in the charge gas 35, the motor vehicle 10 may have a plurality of valves 26, 32, 33, 48. In the variant illustrated in
The combination valve 26 is arranged in the intake-air tract 12 at the exhaust-gas introduction point 25. The combination valve 26 is designed both to open to varying degrees or shut off the LP-EGR tract 19 for a throughflow of recirculated exhaust gas 37 and to open to varying degrees or shut off the intake-air tract 12 for an inflow of fresh air 30. The mass flow portions of the fresh air 30 and of the recirculated exhaust gas 37 in the mass flow of the charge gas 35 can be varied as a function of the position of the combination valve 26.
The inlet throttle flap 32 is arranged in the intake-air tract 12 upstream of the exhaust-gas introduction point 25. The inlet throttle flap 32 is designed to open to varying degrees or shut off the intake-air tract 12 for an inflow of fresh air 30. The mass flow of the fresh air 30 can be varied as a function of the position of the inlet throttle flap 32.
The outlet throttle flap 33 is arranged in the exhaust tract 13 downstream of the exhaust-gas extraction point 24 (as seen in
The motor vehicle 10 has at least one exhaust-gas after-treatment device 22, 23, 40. The illustrated embodiments of the motor vehicle 10 comprise a first exhaust-gas after-treatment device 22 and a second exhaust-gas after-treatment device 23 arranged downstream of the first exhaust-gas after-treatment device 22. These two exhaust-gas after-treatment devices 22, 23 are positioned within the loop, upstream of the exhaust-gas extraction point 24 in the exhaust tract 13. In one example, the first exhaust-gas after-treatment device 22 is a nitrogen oxide storage catalytic converter (also referred to as a nitrogen trap or LNT for lean NOx Trap) or an oxidation catalytic converter. In another example, the first exhaust-gas after-treatment device 22 is a sulfur oxide trap. The second exhaust-gas after-treatment device 23 can be a selectively active reduction catalytic converter which can be embodied as an SCR catalytic converter or as a particle filter with SCR coating (SDPF). In addition to the first exhaust-gas after-treatment device 22 and to the second exhaust-gas after-treatment device 23, further exhaust-gas after-treatment devices can be arranged in the exhaust tract 13. For instance, the embodiments shown have a third exhaust-gas after-treatment device 40 which is arranged downstream of the exhaust-gas extraction point 24 in the exhaust tract 13, outside the loop.
In the embodiments shown, the motor vehicle 10 is also equipped with a turbocharger 14. The latter comprises a compressor 15 which is arranged in the intake-air tract 13 and which, as is known, can be driven by an exhaust-gas turbine 16 arranged in the exhaust tract 13. Here, the exhaust-gas turbine 16 is arranged upstream of the exhaust-gas extraction point 24 and upstream of the first exhaust-gas after-treatment device 22.
The motor vehicle 10 comprises a charge-air cooler 18 for cooling the charge gas 35. The charge-air cooler 18 is arranged in the intake-air tract 12 downstream of the compressor 15 and upstream of the internal combustion engine 11. Furthermore, the motor vehicle 10 may comprise a charge-air cooler bypass 17 for conducting the charge gas 35 past the charge-air cooler 18. The charge-air cooler bypass 17 is arranged in parallel with the charge-air cooler 18, with a branching point upstream of the charge-air cooler 18 and an entry point downstream of the charge-air cooler 18. In particular, a charge-air cooler bypass valve 27 is provided in the charge-air cooler bypass 17 to control the mass flow of the charge gas 35 through the charge-air cooler bypass 17. The charge-air cooler bypass valve 27 is designed to open to varying degrees and shut off the charge-air cooler bypass 17 for a throughflow of charge gas 35. The charge-air cooler bypass valve 27 may also be in the form of a switchover valve and arranged downstream or upstream of the charge-air cooler 18.
The motor vehicle 10 may additionally have an exhaust-gas cooler 20 for cooling the exhaust gas 36, in particular for cooling the recirculated exhaust gas 37. The exhaust-gas cooler 20 is in particular arranged in the LP-EGR tract 19. Furthermore, the motor vehicle 10 may comprise an exhaust-gas cooler bypass 21 which is designed to conduct the recirculated exhaust gas 37 past the exhaust-gas cooler 20. The exhaust-gas cooler bypass 21 is arranged in parallel with the exhaust-gas cooler 20, with a branching point upstream of the exhaust-gas cooler 20 and an entry point downstream of the exhaust-gas cooler 20. In particular, to control the mass flow of the recirculated exhaust gas 37 through the exhaust-gas cooler bypass 21, an exhaust-gas cooler bypass valve 28 is provided in the exhaust-gas cooler bypass 21. The exhaust-gas cooler bypass valve 28 is designed to open to varying degrees or shut off the exhaust-gas cooler bypass 21 for a throughflow of recirculated exhaust gas 37. The exhaust-gas cooler bypass valve 28 may also be in the form of a switchover valve and arranged downstream or upstream of the exhaust-gas cooler 20.
The internal combustion engine 11 of the motor vehicle 10 has a direct injection system. For this purpose, the internal combustion engine 11 may have a first fuel injector 29 which is designed to inject fuel 31 into a combustion chamber 34 of the internal combustion engine 11. Alternatively or in addition, the motor vehicle 10 may have a second fuel injector 46 which is designed to introduce fuel into the exhaust tract 13. The at least one fuel injector 29, 46 is therefore designed to introduce fuel 31 into the loop.
Furthermore, the motor vehicle may comprise a urea solution injector 47 which is designed to introduce urea solution (urea) into the loop, in particular into the exhaust tract 13. The urea solution reacts in the exhaust gas to form ammonia (NH3). The urea solution injector 47 is arranged, in particular, upstream of the second exhaust-gas after-treatment device 23, embodied as a selectively active reduction catalytic converter. The urea solution injector 47 may likewise be designed also to introduce, instead of the urea solution, some other substance which makes a reducing agent available in the SCR catalytic converter or is itself a reducing agent, in particular ammonia.
According to the disclosure, the motor vehicle 10 comprises an exhaust-gas after-treatment value detection unit 41 which is designed to detect at least one current exhaust-gas after-treatment actual value (denoted by A). Here, the detection can be carried out by measurement and/or calculation. The exhaust-gas after-treatment value detection unit 41 comprises one or more of an ammonia sensor, a nitrogen oxide sensor, a sulfur oxide sensor and an oxygen sensor. The exhaust-gas after-treatment actual value A is, may be at least one of a value for an ammonia charge in the second exhaust-gas after-treatment device 23, embodied as a selectively active reduction catalytic converter, a nitrogen oxide load in the first exhaust-gas after-treatment device 22, embodied as a nitrogen oxide storage catalytic converter, a sulfur oxide load in the first exhaust-gas after-treatment device 22 embodied as a sulfur oxide trap and a nitrogen oxide content in the exhaust gas 36, in particular downstream of the nitrogen oxide storage catalytic converter. In addition, the exhaust-gas after-treatment actual value A can be a temperature of one of the exhaust-gas after-treatment devices 22, 23, 40 and/or of the exhaust gas 36. An oxygen content of the exhaust gas 36 can also form the exhaust-gas after-treatment actual value A.
The motor vehicle 10 shown comprises a motor vehicle value detection unit 42 which is designed to detect at least one current motor vehicle actual value (denoted by C). The detection can be carried out here by measurement and/or calculation. The motor-vehicle actual value C is, in particular, a value of the hybrid drive train. In addition, the motor vehicle actual value C may be a value of the variables of the motor vehicle speed, or engine speed, or motor vehicle load, or fuel injection quantity, or brake pedal position or accelerator pedal position or clutch pedal position, or else an item of navigation information, or an item of traffic information, or an item of cruise control system information.
The exhaust-gas after-treatment value detection unit 41 and the motor vehicle value detection unit 42 may be integrated into other systems of the motor vehicle 10, and may comprise sensors in the hybrid drivetrain or in the exhaust tract 13.
Furthermore, the motor vehicle 10 comprises a control unit 39, which is an engine control device. The control unit 39 is designed to control the hybrid drivetrain, to adjust a plurality of valves (such as 26, 27, 28, 32, 33) and to actuate the fuel injectors 29 and 46 and the urea solution injector 47. The motor vehicle 10 has suitable actuators for this purpose. Furthermore, the control unit 39 is designed to identify overrun operation of the internal combustion engine 11. For this purpose, the control unit 39 is connected to the motor vehicle value detection unit 42. The internal combustion engine 11 is in the overrun operation if, during operation, it does not make any torque available for driving the motor vehicle 10. The control unit 39 is designed to detect a current actual state of the motor vehicle 10. In addition, the control unit 39 is connected to the exhaust-gas after-treatment value detection unit 41 and is designed to detect a current actual state of at least one of the exhaust-gas after-treatment devices 22, 23, 40.
The motor vehicle 10 is designed for carrying out the operating method 60 according to the disclosure.
In the operating method 60 according to the disclosure, a corrective measure is implemented. The measure influences the temperature of the exhaust-gas after-treatment devices 22, 23 arranged in the loop, and the exhaust gas composition. The measure comprises charge gas 35, which has recirculated exhaust gas 37, being supplied to the internal combustion engine 11 during overrun operation of the internal combustion engine 11. For this purpose, the feeding in of fresh air 30 is throttled, in particular to zero, and the LP-EGR tract 19 is opened. Charge gas formed exclusively from recirculated exhaust gas 37 is made available to the internal combustion engine 11. In addition to LP-EGR, HP-EGR may also be supplied directly to the intake manifold. This is illustrated in
The exhaust-gas after-treatment devices 22, 23, 40 are induced to perform a desired function by means of the operating method 60 according to the disclosure. Different states are aimed for by means of the measure, depending on the type of exhaust-gas after-treatment device 22, 23, 40. For example, an operating temperature of approximately 180° C. can be realized or maintained for the second exhaust-gas after-treatment device 23, embodied as a selectively active reduction catalytic converter. If the second exhaust-gas after-treatment device 23 is a particle filter (DPF), it is for example possible for a regeneration temperature of 600° C. to be realized or maintained in order to bring about regeneration of the particle filter. If the first exhaust-gas after-treatment device 22 is a nitrogen oxide storage catalytic converter (LNT), it is possible, for example, for an operating temperature of >200° C. to be realized or maintained. In addition, fuel 31 and/or urea may be introduced in order to ensure the desired functionality. During cold-start conditions, a measure may be carried out to ensure that the exhaust-gas after-treatment device 22 reaches its light-off temperature within a short time.
During the operating method 60 according to the disclosure, a specific quantity of ammonia can be introduced, by injecting urea solution, into the loop, within the scope of the measure. This may be realized either by means of a single injection process or by means of a plurality of injection processes. The introduced ammonia can react with the nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas 36; and reduction of the nitrogen oxides is carried out.
In addition, a predefined quantity of fuel 31 can be introduced into the loop within the scope of the measure. This may also be realized either by means of a single injection process or by means of multiple injection processes.
In the implementation of the operating method 60 illustrated in
Subsequently, at 66, a demand check is carried out where the exhaust-gas after-treatment actual value A is compared with the predefined exhaust-gas after-treatment setpoint value B. If the exhaust-gas after-treatment actual value A deviates from the predefined exhaust-gas after-treatment setpoint value B, a demand for the measure is determined and at least one measure for adapting the exhaust-gas composition and/or temperature adjustment is taken in a measure implementation step 74. It is also possible for an extent of the required measure to be determined by way of the demand check 66. Thus, not only the presence of a deviation between the exhaust-gas after-treatment actual value A and the exhaust-gas after-treatment setpoint value B but also a difference between them can be determined. In particular a quantity of the fuel 31 or else of the urea solution which have to be introduced in order to attain the desired state can be determined from the difference. In addition, a time period which the measure takes to reach the desired state can be determined.
Depending on the after-treatment parameter measured and the extent of deviation, different measures may be implemented at step 74. In one example, if, the exhaust-gas after-treatment actual value A for the ammonia loading undershoots the exhaust-gas after-treatment setpoint value B for the ammonia loading, the exhaust-gas after-treatment setpoint value B can be achieved by means of the measure as a result of the introduction of ammonia. This can be done, for example, by injecting urea solution, which then reacts to form ammonia, or by injecting fuel, which induces an exhaust-gas after-treatment device 22, embodied as a nitrogen oxide storage catalytic converter, to produce ammonia (NH3).
In another example, if the exhaust-gas after-treatment actual value A for the nitrogen oxide load of the first exhaust-gas after-treatment device 22, embodied as a nitrogen oxide storage catalytic converter, exceeds the exhaust-gas after-treatment setpoint value B for the nitrogen oxide load, desorption of the nitrogen oxides as a result of temperature adaptation and/or enrichment of the exhaust gas 36 with fuel 31 can be brought about by means of the measure.
The fact that the exhaust-gas after-treatment actual value A for the nitrogen oxide content of the exhaust gas 36 exceeds the exhaust-gas after-treatment setpoint value B for the nitrogen oxide content can be used to determine that the capacity limit of the nitrogen oxide storage catalytic converter is reached downstream of the first exhaust-gas after-treatment device 22, embodied as a nitrogen oxide storage catalytic converter. Reduction of the nitrogen oxides can be carried out by means of the measure being carried out. For carrying out the measure, both LP-EGR and HP-EGR may be supplied to the intake manifold. Due to the direct flow of HP-EGR, the flow rate (space velocity) of exhaust-gas over the nitrogen oxide storage catalytic converter within the LP-EGR loop is reduced. As a result of the reduced flow rate, the residency time of the exhaust-gas in the nitrogen oxide storage catalytic converter may increase thereby improving the effectiveness of the reduction procedure (purging) carried out in the nitrogen oxide storage catalytic converter.
In yet another example, if the sulfur oxide trap actual value A for the sulfur oxide trap temperature lies above the sulfur oxide trap target value B for the sulfur oxide trap temperature, the sulfur oxide trap 22 can be cooled through the use of the charge-air cooler 18 or the exhaust-gas cooler 20. By means of the charge-air cooler 18, the charge gas 35 can be cooled during overrun operation, see
It can additionally be determined by testing the oxygen content of the exhaust gas 36 whether the exhaust gas 36 has a composition which is suitable for the desired function. If, for example, the exhaust-gas after-treatment actual value A for the oxygen content lies above the exhaust-gas after-treatment setpoint value B for the oxygen content, the composition of the exhaust gas 36 can be adapted by introducing fuel.
The temperature of the exhaust gas and/or of the exhaust-gas after-treatment devices 22, 23 can also be adapted. f the exhaust-gas after-treatment actual value A for the temperature lies above the exhaust-gas after-treatment setpoint value B, the exhaust-gas after-treatment devices 22, 23 can be cooled by using the charge-air cooler 18 or the exhaust-gas cooler 20.
If, for example, the exhaust-gas after-treatment actual value A for the temperature lies below the exhaust-gas after-treatment setpoint value B for the temperature, the mass flows can be conducted past the charge-air cooler 18 and/or past the exhaust-gas cooler 20. The recirculated exhaust gas 37 may be conducted past the exhaust-gas cooler 20 through the exhaust-gas cooler bypass 21 by virtue of the exhaust-gas cooler bypass valve 28 being opened. The charge gas 35 may be conducted past the charge-air cooler 18 through the charge-air cooler bypass 17 by virtue of the charge-air cooler bypass valve 27 being opened. This is shown in
The measure can also comprise operating the electric machine 45. The electric machine 45 can, as the engine, assume the task of driving the motor vehicle 10 for a specific time period. The internal combustion engine 11 is meanwhile decoupled from the drive, and is used for the flushing of the exhaust-gas after-treatment devices 22, 23 arranged in the loop. The internal combustion engine is therefore available for the measure for a relatively long time period.
It is also conceivable for the electric machine 45 to be used to drive the internal combustion engine 11 and for the internal combustion engine 11 to be adjusted to or held at a predefined rotational speed. The rotational speed of the internal combustion engine 11 is independent of the current speed of the motor vehicle 10 here. The mass flow through the internal combustion engine 11 varies with the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine 11. The speed of the exhaust gas 37, which circulates in the loop and flushes the exhaust-gas after-treatment devices 22, 23 arranged in the loop, is therefore influenced. In one example, during overrun conditions, at least one switchable cylinder in the internal combustion engine 11 may be deactivated. By means of the cylinder deactivation, the mass flow and flow rate (space velocity) through the exhaust-gas after-treatment devices may be reduced. In this way, due to the reduced flow rate, the residency time of the exhaust-gas in the exhaust-gas after-treatment device may increase thereby improving the effectiveness of the reduction procedure (purging) carried out in the nitrogen oxide storage catalytic converter. Also, during cylinder deactivation, there may be a reduction in total trapped oxygen load in the system that needs to be reacted to achieve rich conditions.
Various combinations of exhaust-gas recirculation, introduction of fuel, introduction of urea solution, cooling and electric machine operation are conceivable and may be implemented as a function of the exhaust-gas after-treatment actual value A.
In the second embodiment (as shown in
At 70, a set-point value (D) corresponding to the motor vehicle parameter (as determined in step 68) may be obtained from the memory of the engine control unit. The set-point value may be a pre-defined value of the motor vehicle parameter corresponding to normal vehicle operation.
At 72, the motor vehicle actual value C may be compared, in a capability check, with a predefined motor vehicle setpoint value D. A capability of the motor vehicle 10 to carry out the measure at least at present can be determined by way of the capability check 72. If the capability of the motor vehicle 10 to carry out the measure is determined, said measure is subsequently executed in the measure implementation step 74.
In addition to the check as to whether it is possible to carry out the measure at present, a test can also be carried out in the capability check 72 as to the extent to which said capability is available. For this purpose, a check of the probability of success can be performed in the capability check 72. Here the probability of success indicates the probability of it being possible to carry out the full extent of the measure. In particular, the duration of the measure is focused on here. The duration used as a basis here is in particular a duration determined in the demand check 66 for the successful implementation of the measure. The measure implementation step 74 is executed if the probability of success reaches at least a predefined level.
A driving profile over a defined driving duration is determined and stored with respect to the test of the probability of success. Using said driving profile, the probability of the motor vehicle 10 continuing to be able to implement the measure for a defined duration can then be determined in the probability of success test by means of statistical calculations.
Alternatively or in addition, items of navigation information can be used to determine the probability of success in the capability check 65. Using the items of navigation information, consideration can be given to items of information about the impending driving route. For instance, a characteristic of a section of road ahead, such as an upward slope, can be an indication of an imminent end of overrun operation of the internal combustion engine 11. It can be determined, for example, whether a section of road lying ahead is suitable for driving the motor vehicle 10 solely with the electric machine 45. The maximum length of time for which the internal combustion engine 11 will still be in overrun operation can be determined from the current motor vehicle speed, the current location of the motor vehicle 10 and the distance from the characteristic of the section of road ahead. In the case of a preprogrammed driving route, it is furthermore possible for route sections which appear suitable for a measure implementation step 66 to be defined in a forward-planning manner.
Items of current traffic information can also be used for the test of the probability of success in the capability check 65. Items of traffic information can be gathered, for example, from traffic management systems or vehicle-to-vehicle communications (V2V). An imminent change in operating mode can be predicted in a comparison with the actual state of the motor vehicle 10. Thus, for example, a speed limit ahead indicates an imminent braking maneuver.
All items of motor vehicle information, such as motor vehicle speed, engine speed, motor vehicle load, fuel injection quantity, brake pedal position, clutch pedal position, cruise control system value or else accelerator pedal position, can be used in the operating method 60 according to the disclosure in order to generate a prediction about the imminent maximum duration of the overrun operation of the internal combustion engine 11.
In the operating method according to the disclosure, the exhaust-gas after-treatment setpoint value B and the motor vehicle setpoint value D may, of course, also be value ranges.
In an alternative embodiment, on detection of an overrun condition, the exhaust-gas after-treatment device (such as device 22) may be purged opportunistically without carrying out a demand and capability check. In one example, LP-EGR and/or HP-EGR may be supplied to the engine during overrun operation of the motor vehicle, and fuel may simultaneously be introduced into the engine or into the exhaust tract and the nitrogen oxide adsorber may be flushed through with rich exhaust gas.
In one example, a method for a vehicle having an engine, comprises during an overrun condition, comparing an actual value of an exhaust after-treatment device to a setpoint value, the exhaust after-treatment device coupled in an exhaust tract of the engine; and in the event of a deviation of the actual value from the setpoint value, selectively implementing a measure including feeding charge gas having recirculated exhaust gas to the engine via a loop. In the preceding example, additionally or optionally, the measure further comprises introducing fuel into the loop to enrich the recirculated exhaust gas. In any or all of the preceding examples, additionally or optionally, the vehicle has a hybrid drivetrain including an electric machine, and wherein the measure further comprises operating the electric machine. In any or all of the preceding examples, additionally or optionally, operating the electric machine includes operating the electric machine to drive the vehicle, and wherein during the overrun condition, the vehicle is not driven via the engine. In any or all of the preceding examples, additionally or optionally, operating the electric machine includes operating the electric machine to spin the engine at a specific rotational speed, and wherein during the overrun condition, the vehicle is not driven via the engine. In any or all of the preceding examples, additionally or optionally, the actual value of the exhaust after-treatment device includes one or more of an ammonia loading, a nitrogen oxide load, a sulfur oxide content, a nitrogen oxide content and soot loading of the exhaust after-treatment device. Any or all of the preceding examples further comprises, additionally or optionally, determining an extent of the measure that is implemented based on the deviation. Any or all of the preceding examples further comprises, additionally or optionally, comparing a motor vehicle value representative of an actual state of the motor vehicle to a motor vehicle setpoint value, and wherein selectively implementing the measure includes implementing the measure if the actual state of the motor vehicle corresponds to the setpoint value. In any or all of the preceding examples, additionally or optionally, the motor vehicle value includes one or more of a motor vehicle speed, engine speed, motor vehicle load, fuel injection quantity, brake pedal position, accelerator pedal position, clutch pedal position. In any or all of the preceding examples, additionally or optionally, the motor vehicle value is inferred from one or more of navigation information and traffic information received from a navigation system of the vehicle, and vehicle information received from a cruise control system of the vehicle. In any or all of the preceding examples, additionally or optionally, feeding charge gas having recirculated exhaust gas to the engine via the loop includes feeding charge gas having one or more of low pressure and high pressure recirculated gas, the low pressure recirculated gas including exhaust gas recirculated from downstream of an exhaust turbine to upstream of an intake compressor, the high pressure recirculated gas including exhaust gas recirculated from upstream of the exhaust turbine to downstream of the intake compressor. In any or all of the preceding examples, additionally or optionally, the selectively implementing the measure includes implementing the measure during the overrun condition and wherein the overrun condition includes the engine spinning unfueled, an intake throttle coupled in an intake tract of the engine being closed, and the vehicle being propelled using motor torque from the electric machine. Any or all of the preceding examples further comprises, additionally or optionally, implementing the measure until the actual value is at the setpoint value.
In another example, a vehicle system comprises an electric machine; an internal combustion engine having an intake-air tract, an exhaust tract, an exhaust-gas after-treatment device arranged in the exhaust tract, an exhaust-gas recirculation tract for conducting exhaust gas from the exhaust tract, downstream of the exhaust-gas after-treatment device, to the intake-air tract via a loop, and a valve coupled to each of the intake-air tract and the exhaust-gas recirculation tract; a hybrid drivetrain comprising the electric machine and the internal combustion engine; and a controller with computer readable instructions stored on non-transitory memory for: in response to an actual value of the exhaust-gas after-treatment device deviating from a setpoint value, adjusting the valve to recirculate exhaust gas to the engine while controlling the electric machine during an overrun operation of the engine. In the preceding example, additionally or optionally, the engine further includes at least one of each of a fuel injector and a urea injector for introducing fuel and urea into the loop and a urea injector for introducing urea into the loop, and wherein the controller includes further instructions for introducing one or more of fuel and urea into the loop via the injector to enrich the recirculated exhaust gas. Under a first condition, fuel may be injected into the loop, urea under a second condition urea may be injected into the loop and under a third condition both fuel and urea may be injected into the loop. In any or all of the preceding examples, additionally or optionally, the exhaust-gas after-treatment device is a first exhaust-gas after-treatment device, the engine further comprising a second exhaust-gas after-treatment device arranged downstream of the first exhaust-gas after-treatment device.
In yet another example, a method for a vehicle having an engine, comprises in response to deviation of an actual parameter of an exhaust after-treatment device coupled to an exhaust passage of the engine from a setpoint, recirculating exhaust gas to an intake passage of the engine during an engine overrun condition with an intake throttle closed. In the preceding example, additionally or optionally, the vehicle is a hybrid vehicle further comprising an electric machine, and wherein during the overrun condition, the vehicle is propelled via the machine and not propelled via the engine. Any or all of the preceding examples further comprises, additionally or optionally, during the overrun condition, while propelling the vehicle via the electric machine, spinning the engine, unfueled, via the electric machine at a speed based on the deviation. In any or all of the preceding examples, additionally or optionally, recirculating exhaust gas includes recirculating from the exhaust passage to the intake passage via a loop, an amount of exhaust gas recirculated is based on the deviation and wherein the intake throttle is coupled at a junction between the intake passage and the loop.
In this way during overrun operation, by monitoring a plurality of exhaust-gas after-treatment devices and comparing exhaust-gas after-treatment values with corresponding setpoints, it is possible to implement corrective measures as required and ensure effective functioning of the devices. The technical effect of carrying out corrective measures for exhaust-gas after-treatment devices during overrun operating conditions is that both LP-EGR and HP-EGR may be effectively used for executing the measured. By using EGR, fuel efficiency may be improved and combustion temperature may be reduced thereby reducing an amount of NOx generated during the combustion. By including fuel and urea injectors in the exhaust passage, it is possible to enrich the EGR as required for a specific operation, limiting the overall fuel consumption.
Note that the example control and estimation routines included herein can be used with various engine and/or vehicle system configurations. The specific routines described herein may represent one or more of any number of processing strategies such as event-driven, interrupt-driven, multi-tasking, multi-threading, and the like. As such, various actions, operations, and/or functions illustrated may be performed in the sequence illustrated, in parallel, or in some cases omitted. Likewise, the order of processing is not necessarily required to achieve the features and advantages of the example embodiments described herein, but is provided for ease of illustration and description. One or more of the illustrated actions, operations and/or functions may be repeatedly performed depending on the particular strategy being used. Further, the described actions, operations and/or functions may graphically represent code to be programmed into non-transitory memory of the computer readable storage medium in the engine control system.
It will be appreciated that the configurations and routines disclosed herein are exemplary in nature, and that these specific embodiments are not to be considered in a limiting sense, because numerous variations are possible. For example, the above technology can be applied to V-6, 1-4, 1-6, V-12, opposed 4, and other engine types. The subject matter of the present disclosure includes all novel and non-obvious combinations and sub-combinations of the various systems and configurations, and other features, functions, and/or properties disclosed herein.
The following claims particularly point out certain combinations and sub-combinations regarded as novel and non-obvious. These claims may refer to “an” element or “a first” element or the equivalent thereof. Such claims should be understood to include incorporation of one or more such elements, neither requiring nor excluding two or more such elements. Other combinations and sub-combinations of the disclosed features, functions, elements, and/or properties may be claimed through amendment of the present claims or through presentation of new claims in this or a related application. Such claims, whether broader, narrower, equal, or different in scope to the original claims, also are regarded as included within the subject matter of the present disclosure.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 102015202885.2 | Feb 2015 | DE | national |
| 102015202887.9 | Feb 2015 | DE | national |
| 102015202892.5 | Feb 2015 | DE | national |
| 102015202893.3 | Feb 2015 | DE | national |
| 102015202896.8 | Feb 2015 | DE | national |
| 102015202897.6 | Feb 2015 | DE | national |
| 102015202898.4 | Feb 2015 | DE | national |
| 102015202899.2 | Feb 2015 | DE | national |
| 102015202903.4 | Feb 2015 | DE | national |
| 102015202904.2 | Feb 2015 | DE | national |
