This present application relates generally to turbine rotor blades and the configuration of root and platform regions related thereto. More specifically, but not by way of limitation, the present application relates to advantageous configurations of root and platform regions for rotor blades having non-integral platforms.
In general, gas turbine engines combust a mixture of compressed air and fuel to produce hot combustion gases. The combustion gases may flow through one or more stages of turbine blades to generate power for a load and/or a compressor. Platforms between the turbine blades may provide a thermal barrier between the hot combustion gases and the turbine wheel and may define an inner flow path of the gas turbine. Due to the high temperatures within the turbine and the motive forces exerted by the combustion gases, the platforms may need to be designed to withstand high temperatures and stresses.
It has been shown that non-integrally formed platforms provide advantages in certain applications. Non-integral platforms, in general, are platforms that are separately formed from the airfoil and root portions of the turbine rotor blade. This type of arrangement, however, may provide an additional leakage path or seam through which hot gases of the flow path may leak. As one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, such leakage may have several negative effects, including decreasing the efficiency of the engine, reducing the effectiveness of active cooling strategies, and causing damage to components in the region. In addition, it creates an interface between the platform and the rotor blade that must be securely and rigidly connected. As a result, there is a need for improved apparatus, methods and/or systems relating to rotor blade configurations that include non-integral platform configurations while also discouraging leakage and promote the sturdy connection of between the parts of the turbine rotor blade.
The present application thus describes a rotor blade assembly for a turbine engine that includes: a turbine blade that includes a shank situated between attachment means and an airfoil, the shank having a forward portion and an aft portion; and a platform comprising a platform pressure side and a platform suction side, each of which comprising non-integral components to the other and the turbine blade. The platform may comprise an interface between the platform pressure side and the platform suction side. And, the platform may be configured such that the interface aligns with at least one of the forward portion and the aft portion of the shank.
The present application further describes a rotor blade assembly for a turbine engine that includes: a turbine blade that includes a shank situated between attachment means and an airfoil, the shank having a forward shank face and an aft shank face; the forward shank face including a forward facing surface that comprises an angular width, the forward facing surface extending radially between the attachment means and the airfoil, and the aft shank face including an aft facing surface that comprises an angular width, the aft facing surface extending radially between the attachment means and the airfoil; and a platform comprising a platform pressure side and a platform suction side, each of which comprising non-integral components to the other and the turbine blade. The platform may include an interface between the platform pressure side and the platform suction side. Along a forward section of the interface, the angular position of the interface may include a position within the angular width of the forward shank face; and along an aft section of the interface, the angular position of the interface may include a position within the angular width of the aft shank face.
The present invention further describes a method of configuring a rotor blade assembly to discourage leakage where the rotor blade assembly includes a turbine blade and non-integral platforms including a platform pressure side and a platform suction side, wherein the rotor blade assembly includes a shank situated between attachment means and an airfoil, the shank having a forward shank face and an aft shank face; the forward shank face including a forward facing surface that comprises an angular width, the forward facing surface extending radially between the attachment means and the airfoil, and the aft shank face including an aft facing surface that comprises an angular width, the aft shank face extending radially between the attachment means and the airfoil. In one embodiment, the method includes the step of configuring the platform pressure side and the platform suction side such that, upon assembly, an interface is created that comprises a narrow, radially extending seam between the platform pressure side and a platform suction side. Along a forward section of the interface, the angular position of the interface has a position within the angular width of the forward shank face; and along an aft section of the interface, the angular position of the interface has a position within the angular width of the aft shank face.
These and other features of the present application will become apparent upon review of the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments when taken in conjunction with the drawings and the appended claims.
These and other features of this invention will be more completely understood and appreciated by careful study of the following more detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
One or more specific embodiments of the present invention will be described below. In an effort to provide a concise description of these embodiments, all features of an actual implementation may not be described in the specification. It should be appreciated that in the development of any such actual implementation, as in any engineering or design project, numerous implementation-specific decisions must be made to achieve the developers' specific goals, such as compliance with system-related and business-related constraints, which may vary from one implementation to another. Moreover, it should be appreciated that such a development effort might be complex and time consuming, but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking of design, fabrication, and manufacture for those of ordinary skill having the benefit of this disclosure.
When introducing elements of various embodiments of the present invention, the articles “a,” “an,” “the,” and “said” are intended to mean that there are one or more of the elements. The terms “comprising,” “including,” and “having” are intended to be inclusive and mean that there may be additional elements other than the listed elements.
The present disclosure is directed to gas turbine engines that include turbine blade platforms designed to withstand high temperatures and/or stresses. As the temperature of combustion gases flowing within gas turbines increases, the temperature difference between the turbine blades and platforms may increase, which in turn may exert stresses on the platforms. Traditional cooling schemes for integral blades and platforms may diminish temperature effects, but may also degrade turbine performance. Therefore, it has been proposed that platforms may exist as separate, non-integral components from turbine rotor blades (i.e., rather than as a single structure incorporating both the turbine rotor blade and the platform). Non-integral platforms may allow separate temperature profiles to exist for the turbine blades and platforms, which may reduce stresses on both the platforms and the turbine blades. Further, the non-integral platforms may facilitate a reduction in cooling, which in turn may increase the efficiency of the gas turbine engine.
However, having a separate, non-integral platform, necessarily means that an additional seam or joint is introduced to the system, which may provide an additional leakage path through which hot gases from the main flow path of the engine may bypass the airfoils of the rotor blades, which may degrade engine performance. In addition, such leakage may allow for the ingestion of hot flow path gases, which may damage components that were not designed for such exposure. As provided herein and in accordance with exemplary embodiments of the present application, this seam may be configured to reduce or minimize such leakage. In this manner, the benefits of non-integral platforms may be reaped, while the negative aspects, such as leakage, are largely avoided.
In certain embodiments, each platform may be disposed between two turbine rotor blades and supported by the adjacent turbine rotor blades. Further, each platform may interface with an adjacent platform at the location of a turbine rotor blade. As two platforms are brought together, the platforms may form an opening for the turbine rotor blade, thereby allowing the platforms to encircle a turbine rotor blade and form an interface at the rotor blade location.
Referring now to
As described above with respect to
The blades 36 and platforms 38 of the rotor blade assemblies 32 may be constructed of a metal, metal alloy, CMC, or other suitable material. Each blade 36 generally includes attachment means, which may be a dovetail 40 that is inserted into corresponding openings 42 within the rotor wheel 34. The openings 42 may be circumferentially spaced at angular positions around the rotor wheel 34. The blade 36 also includes a shank 44 extending radially outward from the dovetail 40. In certain embodiments, the blade 36 may include a contour, ledge, or other support structure, for supporting the platforms 38. For example, the contour may be located on the shank 44 or on an airfoil 45 extending radially outward from the shank 44. The airfoils 45 may be disposed within the path of the hot combustion gases. In operation, the hot combustion gases may exert motive forces on the airfoils 45 to drive the turbine 22 (
The platforms 38 may be disposed generally between the shanks 44 of the blades 36 and may be radially positioned between the openings 42 within the rotor wheel 34. The blades 36 extend radially outward from the wheel 34 and are circumferentially spaced around the wheel 34 such that spaces are created therebetween. The platforms 38 may be positioned in these circumferential spaces between the blades 36. In other words, the platforms 38 are not merely integral extensions of the blades 36, but rather the platforms 38 fill the spaces, or a portion of the spaces, separating the blades 36 that extend at radial positions from the wheel 34. Further, the platforms 38 may be substantially disposed between the blades 36 so the majority of each platform 38 is located between the same two adjacent blades 36. The platforms 38 may extend between the shanks 44, the airfoils 45, the dovetails 40, or combinations thereof. In certain embodiments, the platforms 38 may be mounted and supported by contours located on the shanks 44. In other embodiments, the platforms 38 may be supported by the sides of the blades 36. The platforms 38 also may include integral cover plates or skirts 48, 49 extending from the sides of the shanks 44.
As noted above, the platforms 38 may exist as independent and/or separate components from the blades 36. In other words, the platforms 38 are not integrally formed with the blades 36. The platforms 38 may be cast or otherwise formed of CMC materials. The platforms 38 may be constructed of a metal, metal alloy, or other suitable material with a CMC coating or layer.
As stated, a platform interface or interface 46 may be formed between each of the neighboring platform components. In accordance with exemplary embodiments of the present invention, as discussed in more detail below, the interface 46 may be positioned at the same circumferential or angular positions as the blades 36, instead of being formed at intermediate angular positions midway between the blades 36. In such embodiments, the platforms 38 may be configured such that, upon assembly, openings for the airfoils 45 of the blades 36 are created when the platforms are joined together at the interface 46. Specifically, each side of the platform 38 may include an opening for a portion of the turbine blade 36. When two platforms 38 are positioned adjacent to each other, the platforms 38 may form an opening corresponding to the profile of the airfoil 45 of the turbine blade 36. In other words, each platform 38 alone does not include an opening for encompassing the entire perimeter of the airfoil 45. Instead, each platform 38 has partial openings for a turbine blade 36 that when interfaced with partial openings of an adjacent platform 38 form an opening that may encircle a turbine blade 36. In this manner, pursuant to embodiments of the present invention, the interfaces 46 between the platforms 38 may be disposed adjacent to or near the turbine blades 36. In this manner, the interface 46 may overlap the shank 44 such that the shank 44 provides an impediment to fluid that would otherwise leak through the interface 46. Accordingly, it will be appreciated that this configuration, i.e. the aligning of the interface 46 with the shank 44 of the turbine blade 36 (along with the other configurations described herein), may reduce or eliminate the leakage of combustion gases and/or cooling fluids that would otherwise enter through the seam created by the platform interface 46, which, of course, results from having non-integral platforms 38.
The platforms 38 described herein may be used with many types and configurations of platforms and turbine blades. For example, the profile, shapes, and relative sizes, of the blades 36 and platforms 38 may vary. In certain embodiments, the blades 36 may have integral cooling passages and/or may be coated, for example, with CMCs, an overlay coating, a diffusion coating, or other thermal barrier coating, to prevent hot corrosion and high temperature oxidation. Further, the blades 36 may include tip shrouds extending radially from the airfoils 45 may to provide vibration control. The platforms 38 may include additional components, such as sealing structures, which may be integrally cast with the platforms 38 or attached as separate components, as discussed in more detail below.
Each platform 38 includes two exterior sides 52 and 54 disposed generally opposite to each other that conform to the contours of the turbine blade 36. Specifically, one exterior side 52 may be designed to interface with a suction side 56 of the turbine blade 36, while the other exterior side 54 may be designed to interface with a pressure side 58 of a turbine blade. As shown, the exterior side 52 includes a generally concave surface designed to conform to the convex profile of the suction side 56 of the turbine blade 36. The exterior side 54 includes a generally convex surface designed to conform to the concave profile of the pressure side 58 of the turbine blade 36. When positioned around the rotor wheel 34, the exterior side 52 may interface with a suction side 56 of one turbine blade 36 located at an angular position on the wheel 34. The other exterior side 54 may interface with a pressure side 58 of another turbine blade 36 that is located at an adjacent angular position on the wheel 34. The suction side 56 of one turbine blade 36 may be contiguous with the exterior side 52 of one platform 38, and the pressure side 58 may be contiguous with the exterior side 54 of another platform 38. As may be appreciated, in other embodiments, the profiles of the exterior sides 52 and 54 may vary to conform to a variety of turbine blade profiles. For example, each exterior side 52 and 54 may have a convex, concave, flat, or other suitable geometry. As noted above, a platform 38 may be generally supported on the sides 52 and 54 by the turbine blades 36. In certain embodiments, the support from the adjacent blades 36 may reduce stresses on the platform and may reduce platform creep.
Each platform 38 may be designed to interface with an adjacent, similar platform 38 to form an intermediate opening designed to encircle or encompass a turbine blade 36. Specifically, the surface 52 may form one portion of the opening and the surface 54 may form another portion of the opening. When two platforms 38 are disposed adjacent to each other, the interface 46 (
In some preferred embodiments, the shank 44 may be configured to include a forward shank edge or face 62. In some cases, the forward shank edge or face 62 may be narrow and slightly curved (i.e., more like an edge), such as the example shown in
As shown in
As stated, the platform may include an interface 46 between the platform pressure side 58 and the platform suction side 56. Preferably, the interface 46 may essentially comprise a narrow seam that results from the junction of the non-integral platform components. In certain embodiments, the platform components may be configured such that the interface 46 aligns with at least one of the forward portion and the aft portion of the shank 44. In other embodiments, the interface 46 aligns with both the forward shank face 62 and the aft shank face 64 of the shank 44.
In some embodiments, the forward portion of the shank 44 may include a forward shank face 62 and the aft portion of the shank 44 may include an aft shank face 64. In some preferred embodiments, the forward shank face 62 includes a forward facing surface that comprises a circumferential or angular width that extends radially between the attachment means and the airfoil. Similarly, the aft shank face 64 includes an aft facing surface that comprises an angular width that extends radially between the attachment means and the airfoil. In such cases, the angular position of the interface 46 may be configured to include a position within the angular width of the forward shank face 62. Further, the angular position of the interface 46 may be configured to include a position within the angular width of the aft shank face 64.
As shown, the platform pressure side 58 may have a forward skirt 48 and an aft skirt 48. Similarly the platform suction side 56 may have a forward skirt 48 and an aft skirt 48. It will be appreciated that the skirt is typically configured to prevent the flow of hot gases from entering the inner radial regions of the rotor assembly. It will further be appreciated that the interface 46 between the platform pressure side 58 and the platform suction side 56 may be described as including a forward interface 46 and an aft interface 46. The forward interface 46 may include an approximate radially extending seam formed between the forward skirt 48 of the platform pressure side 58 and the forward skirt 48 of the platform suction side 56. In some preferred embodiments, the angular position of the forward interface 46 may have a position within the angular width of the forward shank face 62. More preferably, the angular position of the forward interface 46 may be the approximate angular midpoint of the forward shank face 62.
The platform pressure side 58 may include an aft skirt 49, and the platform suction side 56 may include an aft skirt 49. In such cases, the aft interface 46 may include an approximate radially extending seam formed between the aft skirt 49 of the platform pressure side 58 and the aft skirt 49 of the platform suction side 56. In some preferred embodiments, the angular position of the aft interface 46 comprises a position within the angular width of the aft shank face 64. More preferably, the angular position of the aft interface 46 may be the approximate angular midpoint of the aft shank face 64.
The forward skirt 48 of the platform pressure side 58 and the forward skirt 48 of the platform suction side 56 may be configured such that the forward interface 46 extends the radial height of the forward shank face 62. The aft skirt 49 of the platform pressure side 58 and the aft skirt 49 of the platform suction side 56 may be configured such that the aft interface 46 extends the radial height of the aft shank face 64. The forward shank face 62 may include a forward facing surface that comprises an angular width. The forward shank face 62 may extend radially between the attachment means and the airfoil. Similarly, the aft shank face 64 may include an aft facing surface that comprises an angular width. The aft shank face 64 may extend radially between the attachment means and the airfoil. As stated, the alignment or approximate alignment of the interface 46 and the shank face impedes leakage through the interface 46. In part, this is accomplished by creating a torturous path through which the coolant must pass.
In some embodiments, stealing structure may be formed on the forward shank face 62 and/or the aft shank face 64 to further inhibit the leakage flow through the interface 46 and the cavity formed between the platform skirts 48, 49 and the shank 44. One preferred embodiment includes axially jutting ridges 66 that extends radially along the forward shank face 62 and/or the aft shank face 64. In one embodiment, the forward shank face 62 may include a plurality of the ridges 66. The cross-section of the ridges 66, as shown, may be rectangular, though other shapes are also possible. The ridges 66 may be substantially parallel to each other. In addition, the forward shank face 62 may include at least one ridge 66 on each side of the interface 46. In one preferred embodiment, each ridge 66 may extend substantially the entire radial height of the forward shank face 62. It will be appreciated that the same configuration may also be formed on the aft shank face 64.
In another embodiment, as illustrated in
In another embodiment (not shown), the forward skirt 48 of the platform pressure side 58 and the forward shank face 62 may have interlocking ridges 66. That is, the forward skirt 48 of the platform pressure side 58 may have a ridge 66 that overlaps axially with a ridge 66 formed on the forward shank face 62. Similarly, in some embodiments, the forward skirt 48 of the platform suction side 56 and the forward shank face 62 may also include interlocking ridges 66. The ridges 66 may extend the entire radial height of the platform pressure side 58, the platform suction side 56, and/or the forward shank face 62. Again, interlocking ridges 66 create a torturous path through which the leakage must flow and enhance the sealing characteristics of the configuration.
The present application further includes a novel method of configuring a rotor blade assembly having non-integral platforms that discourages leakage. The rotor blade assembly may include a turbine blade and may include a platform pressure side 58 and a platform suction side 56. The rotor blade may include a shank 44 situated between attachment means and an airfoil. The shank 44 may have a forward shank face 62 and an aft shank face 64. The forward shank face 62 may include a forward facing surface that comprises an angular width that extends radially between the attachment means and the airfoil. The aft shank face 64 may include an aft facing surface that comprises an angular width that extends radially between the attachment means and the airfoil.
The method may include the step of configuring the platform pressure side 58 and the platform suction side 56 such that, upon assembly, an interface 46 is created that comprises a narrow, radially extending seam between the platform pressure side 58 and a platform suction side 56. Along a forward section of the interface 46, the angular position of the interface 46 may comprise a position within the angular width of the forward shank face 62. Along an aft section of the interface 46, the angular position of the interface 46 may comprise a position within the angular width of the aft shank face 64.
This written description uses examples to disclose the invention, including the best mode, and to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention, including making and using any devices or systems and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope of the invention is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal languages of the claims.