Patent Grant
10955168
The present invention relates generally to a combined heat and power system that stores, captures, and utilizes excess energy generated by an engine for a variety of applications.
A continuing challenge is to economically provide energy while yet reclaiming various aspects of the energy development such as heat. Yet another challenge is to reduce carbon emissions when operating combustion engines to produce energy such as electrical energy. Oftentimes, heat generated by combustion within the engine is wasted. Furthermore, challenges such as packaging and engine efficiency remain as design concerns in the development of combined heat and power systems.
Other challenges include complying with the relevant EPA or other environmental regulatory references when providing in-home or in-dwelling engines used to power a combined heat and power system. Accommodating all of these concerns within one energy unit remains an ongoing challenge.
The '750, '679 and '711 Applications along with U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/349,346 filed on Jun. 13, 2016 (“'346 Application”) and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/419,188 (“'188 Application”) having a filing date of Nov. 8, 2016 may describe certain aspects related to the technological field of the present invention that could be helpful in understanding the invention and their disclosures are incorporated in their entirety as though fully disclosed herein.
For example, during operation of a combined heat and power system or device described in the above-referenced applications a substantial amount of excess energy may be captured; energy that would otherwise be lost.
It is desirable to provide methods and devices for utilizing the energy captured by a combined heat and power system or device, for example, by utilizing such energy to control the temperature and/or humidity of a house or dwelling.
The above-referenced challenges are resolved by embodiments of the present invention. Unique methods, systems and devices that control the temperature and/or humidity of a dwelling or house using excess energy produced by a combined heat and power system are described herein, among other methods, systems and devices.
One such system may comprise an energy generation sub-system comprising; (i) a replaceable engine connected to one or more generators and a turbo-generator, the engine and one or more generators operable to generate energy in the form of electricity, heat and exhaust gases, and provide a first amount of the energy (e.g., electricity) to an energy storage sub-system as needed, and a vessel for storing liquid heated by the heat from the engine and one or more generators; (ii) an energy distribution sub-system comprising; coils operable to circulate coolant heated coolant by energy received from the energy generation sub-system, and fans operable to direct air over the heated coils to heat the directed air, and to distribute the heated air; and (iii) a humidity control sub-section operable to (i) control temperature and humidity of air circulating within a dwelling or house based on energy transferred from the heated liquid or circulated coolant or (ii) control a discharge of a second amount of energy (e.g., waste heat) from the heated liquid or circulated coolant.
One exemplary humidity control sub-section may comprise a by-pass valve, first and second external heat exchangers, a humidity control element, fans and a heat pump, among other components.
The exemplary system may further comprise controls that are operable to send one or more control signals to the humidity control sub-section in order to: (i) control the temperature or humidity of air circulating within a dwelling or house; or (ii) control the temperature and humidity of the air circulating within the dwelling or house based on the energy transferred from the heated liquid or circulated coolant; (iii) control a discharge of a second amount of energy (e.g., waste heat) from the heated liquid or circulated coolant; (iv) control a by-pass valve in order to initially direct the heated liquid or circulated coolant to a first or second external heat exchanger; (v) control a humidity control element; (vi) control one or more fans and a heat pump.
In another embodiment, an exemplary, inventive system may further comprise an energy storage sub-system operable to receive and store a first amount of energy (e.g., electricity). One example of an energy storage sub-system may be a battery or battery pack that is operable to discharge stored energy to the energy distribution sub-system or to an electrical utility grid.
In addition to inventive systems and devices the inventors provide exemplary methods. One such method may comprise generating electricity, heat and exhaust gases from an energy generation sub-system that comprises a replaceable engine connected to one or more generators and a turbo-generator, and providing a first amount of the energy (e.g., electricity) to an energy storage sub-system as needed; storing liquid heated by the heat from the engine and one or more generators in a vessel; circulating heated coolant heated by received energy from the energy generation sub-system using coils; directing air over the heated coils to heat the directed air, and distributing the heated air; and controlling a temperature or humidity of air circulating within a dwelling or house based on energy transferred from the heated liquid or circulated coolant or controlling a discharge of a second amount of the energy from the heated liquid or circulated coolant.
Such an exemplary method may further comprise sending one or more control signals to a humidity control sub-section to: (i) control the temperature or humidity of the air circulating within the dwelling or house based on the energy transferred from the heated liquid or circulated coolant; (ii) control the temperature and humidity of air circulating within a dwelling or house based on the energy transferred from the heated liquid or circulated coolant; (iii) control the discharge of a second amount of energy (e.g., waste heat) from the heated liquid or circulated coolant; (v) control a by-pass valve that is operable to initially direct the heated liquid or circulated coolant to a first or second external heat exchanger; (vi) to a humidity control element to control the element; (vi) to one or more fans and a heat pump to control the fans and heat pump.
Additionally, such a method may further comprise receiving and storing a first amount of energy (e.g., electricity) in an energy storage sub-system as needed, where the energy storage sub-system may comprise a battery, and where the method may yet further comprise discharging stored energy from the battery to the energy distribution sub-system or to an electrical utility grid from the battery.
Still further, an exemplary method that includes a combined heat and power system may further comprise adding moisture to air circulating within a dwelling or house to humidify the air.
The invention will be described in more detail below on the basis of one or more drawings, which illustrates exemplary embodiments.
To the extent that any of the figures or text included herein depicts or describes dimensions, temperature levels, humidity levels, sound levels, power levels, gas levels (e.g., oxygen, toxic exhaust gases), efficiencies or other levels or operating parameters it should be understood that such information is merely exemplary to aid the reader in understanding the embodiments described herein. It should be understood, therefore, that such information is provided to enable one skilled in the art to make and use an exemplary embodiment of the invention without departing from the scope of the invention.
It should be understood that, although specific exemplary embodiments are discussed herein, there is no intent to limit the scope of the present invention to such embodiments. To the contrary, it should be understood that the exemplary embodiments discussed herein are for illustrative purposes, and that modified and alternative embodiments may be implemented without departing from the scope of the present invention. Exemplary embodiments of methods and devices for controlling the humidity in combined heat and power systems and devices are described herein and are shown by way of example in the drawings. Throughout the following description and drawings, like reference numbers/characters refer to like elements.
It should also be noted that one or more exemplary embodiments may be described as a process or method. Although a process/method may be described as sequential, it should be understood that such a process/method may be performed in parallel, concurrently or simultaneously. In addition, the order of each step within a process/method may be re-arranged. A process/method may be terminated when completed and may also include additional steps not included in a description of the process/method.
As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural form, unless the context and/or common sense indicates otherwise.
As used herein “operable to” means—functions to—unless the context, common sense or the knowledge of one skilled in the art dictates otherwise.
It should be understood that the word “coolant” includes water and other similar liquids (e.g., ethylene glycol or propylene glycol) or liquid mixtures (e.g., water and ethylene glycol or propylene glycol) that are typically used to cool engine parts.
As used herein the phrase “energy” may include one or more of the following depending on the context in which this phrase is used: thermal energy, radiant energy, chemical energy, electrical energy, and motion energy.
As used herein the designations “first”, “second”, “third”, “fourth” etc., are purely to distinguish one value, amount or component from another and does not indicate an importance, priority or status. In fact, the values, amounts and components could be re-designated (i.e., re-numbered) and it would not affect the methods, systems or devices provided by the present invention.
It should be understood that when the description herein describes the use of controls that such controls may include one or more components such as a thermostat, a so-called “smart thermostat”, thermometer, humidity controls, temperature. pressure and humidity sensors, oxygen sensors, toxic exhaust gas sensors and/or an electronic controller that may be included in, or combined with, one or more of the just stated components where the controller may include one or more elements. For example, the controller may comprise one or more electronic processors and memories. The processors may be operable to execute stored, specialized instructions for completing features and functions described herein (e.g., temperature and humidity level computations). Such instructions may be stored in an onboard memory, in separate memory, or in a specialized database for example. Such instructions represent processes, functions and features that have been integrated into memory as stored electronic signals.
As used herein, the term “embodiment” and/or “exemplary” refers to an example of the present invention.
Referring to
It has been found that the efficiencies presented by the novel genset 26/28 described in
In accordance with embodiments of the present invention, the engine 26 and the one or more generators (e.g., generator 28) produce heat that is directed from the engine 26 through an engine exhaust vent or duct during operation of the engine 26, as exhaust 26c. To capture this heat, and prevent it from becoming waste heat, a first internal heat exchanger 30 (see
Unless otherwise stated herein, such as with the details of the four-stroke opposed-piston engine or with the details of the heat exchangers 30 and 32, the combined heat and power (CHP) system shown in
As shown in
As also schematically shown in
Referring now to
In an embodiment, excess energy from the engine/generator or genset 226/228, the solar panels 214, and the wind turbine 216 may be stored in an energy storage sub-system 218, such as battery pack for example. Furthermore, excess energy may be sold back to the existing power grid 240 as needed. Similar to the embodiments described previously, it has been found that the efficiencies presented by the novel genset 226/228 provides synergistic efficiencies with regard to recovering energy (e.g., waste heat) through the present energy recovery system, environmental advantages, and packaging efficiencies.
Referring now to
As depicted the system 100 may include a plurality of sub-systems, such as an energy generation sub-system 101, an energy distribution sub-system 103 and an energy storage sub-system 104. In an embodiment, the energy distribution sub-system 103 may comprise an air handling sub-system while the energy storage sub-system 104 may comprise a battery or battery pack, for example (e.g., exemplary capacity 6 kilowatts to 20 kilowatts).
In an embodiment, the energy generation sub-system 101 may be operable to generate energy through the operation of an engine described elsewhere herein as well as in the U.S. Pat. No. 10,337,452. In an embodiment, the energy generated by the sub-system 101 may be used to generate power (e.g., electricity), and/or heat water, for example. Further, as explained in more detail herein, the sub-system 101 may be operable to capture or re-capture (collectively “capture”) some of the energy used to generate power (e.g., electricity) and heat water, for example.
As depicted, provided the energy generation sub-system 101 has a connected energy source (e.g., natural gas), the sub-system 101 may generate electricity, and provide the electricity to a dwelling or house, such as dwelling 200 in
In an embodiment, the energy distribution sub-system 103 may be operable to function in combination with, or independently of, the sub-system 101.
For example, in one scenario the energy generating sub-system 101 may comprise a replaceable engine 128 connected to power a plurality of generators 128a,b and a turbo-generator 128c (see
In more detail, and as explained elsewhere herein, heat in the form of (i) exhaust gases output from the engine 128 upon burning an energy source and (ii) heated coolant may flow away from the engine 128 and its surrounding area and eventually be fed to the vessel 120 (see
In an embodiment, the temperature of vessel 120 may be monitored by controls (not shown in
In an embodiment, the controls may be operable to determine that the temperature or pressure of the water 120a within the vessel 120 is approaching or at a certain vessel threshold. Accordingly, controls may send electrical or electronic signals via wired or wireless channels to a pump 108a and by-pass valve 108b (see
Upon receiving the heated coolant via piping 108c, the sub-system 103 may be operable to direct the heated coolant within piping 108c to coils 103a. The coils 103a are operable to circulate coolant heated by energy received from the energy generation sub-system 101, and as the coolant is circulating, fans 103b within the sub-system 103 may be operable to direct air over the now heated coils to cool the coils and the coolant inside the coils. Conversely, the heated coolant (e.g., water) inside the coils 103a functions to heat the directed air, and to distribute the heated air flowing across the coils 103a.
In an embodiment where the dwelling or house 200 desires heating, the now heated air that was directed over the coils may be forced, through the operation of fans 103b out of the sub-system 103 into conduits or other ventilation equipment to be distributed throughout the house or dwelling 200.
Thus, in this embodiment, the heat within the coolant that is sent to the sub-system 103 can be captured and distributed by the sub-system 103 to further warm the house or dwelling 200. However, in the event that the dwelling or house 200 is not in need of heated air, the heated air may be discharged to the exterior of the dwelling or house 200 via means known in the art or in accordance with inventive methods and sub-sections described elsewhere herein.
Yet further, as indicated above the heated coolant may traverse through coils 103a and be cooled by the air flowing across the coils 103a. In an embodiment, the now cooled coolant may be output from the sub-system 103 via output piping 107 and sent to (i.e., returned to) the sub-system 101 and, particular, sent to the vessel 120 and piping 132 at a reduced temperature (e.g. 100° F.). In
In the above scenarios, the sub-systems 101,103 work in combination to, for example, control the operating temperature of the vessel 120, and to provide energy (heat) from the vessel 120 that can be distributed to the dwelling or house 200 by the sub-system 103.
In alternative embodiments, each of the sub-systems 101, 103 may operate independently of one another.
For example, sub-system 103 may comprise temperature controls 103c that are operable to control the “on” and “off” operation of sub-system 103 independent of the operation of sub-system 101. Said another way, controls 103c may be operable to control whether sub-system 103 provides forced heated air to the dwelling or house 200. In more detail, in one embodiment the controls 103c may comprise sensors (not shown in figures) operable to detect the temperature of the air within dwelling or house 200. If the temperature detected by the sensors falls below a dwelling threshold temperature (e.g., 65° F.), then the sensors may send signals to the controls 103c via wired or wireless means that, in turn, send signals to the fan(s) 103b to turn the fans “on” and force heated air into the air distribution system of the dwelling or house 200 to warm the house, for example. Conversely, once the temperature of the air within the dwelling or house 200 detected by the sensors rises to meet, or exceed, a dwelling threshold (the same or a different threshold), then the sensors may send signals to the controls 103c that, in turn, send signals to the fans 103b to turn the fans “off” and which prevents heated air from entering the air distribution system of the dwelling or house 200. In the scenario just described, the sub-system 103 operates independently of the subsystem 101 because its operation is not dependent upon the operation of the sub-system 101 (e.g., not dependent upon the temperature of the vessel 120).
Yet further, in an embodiment, when sub-system 103 is operating but the engine 128 and generators 128a,b of sub-system 101 are not operating, the energy storage sub-system 104 may be operable to provide energy (e.g. electricity) to the sub-system 103 in order to power the fans 103b while the vessel 120 via piping 108 may be operable to provide heated water to coils 103a of sub-system 103. Accordingly, fans 103b may operate to force air over coils 103a to provide heat to the dwelling or house 200.
The discussion above highlights just a few of many possible scenarios where the sub-systems 101,103 may work in combination or independently of one another.
Referring now to
Exemplary details of the structure, features and functions of the engine 128 is set forth elsewhere herein as well as in the U.S. Pat. No. 10,337,452. Presently the discussion that follows will focus on the operation of the engine 128 in combination with the other elements of the sub-system 101. However, before continuing it should be noted that in embodiments, “quick connect/disconnect hardware” (not shown in figures) may be included within sub-system 101 to facilitate easy removal of the engine 128 from the sub-system 101 or, conversely, to secure the engine 128 to the sub-system 101.
In more detail, in one embodiment the engine 128 may be attached to a tray by means of pins (not shown in figures) operable to slide out to facilitate complete removal of the engine 128 from the sub-system 101 when service requires that work be performed that is beyond what is possible in the field. In addition to these methods, wiring harnesses connected to the engine 128 or the generators 128a,b may comprise a pin-and-socket configuration that function to be easily separated by an individual in the field using existing tools. The combination of these features results in an engine 128 that can be replaced within hours, for example, when necessary.
In an embodiment, during operation the engine 128 and generators 128a,b may be operable to produce so-called “waste heat”. One such source of waste heat is exhaust gas (hereafter referred to as “exhaust”) that is directed from the engine 128 to an exhaust pipe 121 and eventually to turbo-generator 128c. Further, additional waste heat may be created within and on the surface of the engine 128. In embodiments, the sub-system 101 may be configured to capture substantially all sources of such waste heat.
Turning first to the exhaust, in an embodiment the turbo-generator 128c may be operable to (i.e. function to) receive the exhaust and convert the exhaust to an additional electricity amount (e.g., 1-2 kilowatts) over and above the electricity generated by generators 128a,b.
In an embodiment, the turbo-generator 128c may be configured to be located at the output of the exhaust piping 121, substantially close to the output of the engine 128, in order to maximize the conversion of exhaust from the engine 128 into electricity. Accordingly, the length of the exhaust piping 121 may be configured to be a length that allows for such maximized conversion. In an example, the length of the exhaust piping 121 may be (e.g., 1 to 3 inches).
In embodiments, the turbo-generator 128c may be further configured to be positioned at a location to convert exhaust energy into electricity prior to the exhaust contacting the muffler-catalytic converter unit 142, That is to say, the turbo-generator 128c may be positioned between the engine 128 and unit 142. This configuration functions to protect the muffler-catalytic converter unit 142 from damage due to the extremely high-temperatures of the exhaust that is output from the engine, thus extending the life of the unit 142.
For example, the exhaust may exit an exhaust manifold (not shown in
Upon exiting the turbo-generator 128c, the temperature of the exhaust is approximately 1,200° F. as it flows to the muffler/catalytic converter unit 142. Accordingly, in one embodiment the temperature and pressure of the exhaust may be reduced by passing the exhaust through the turbo-generator 128c prior to passing to the unit 142. It should be noted that while temperatures at 1,500° F. may damage elements of the catalytic converter within unit 142, catalytic converters provided by the present invention may operate without risk of damage between 600 and 1,200° F., with an optimal temperature of 800° F.
In sum, in embodiments of the invention elements of the catalytic converter in unit 142 may be configured to be positioned within a distance from the engine 128 where the temperature of the exhaust optimizes the operation of such elements.
Referring now to
In some embodiments the unit 142 may further comprise an oxygen sensor (e.g., see element 245 in
In an embodiment, the converter 143a may be configured as honeycombed layers or layers of ceramic beads, for example.
After the exhaust is treated in converter 143a it may flow to the muffler section 143b (“muffler”). In an embodiment, the muffler 143b may be operable to reduce a level of sound generated by the engine 128 and exhaust gases, for example, to less than 60 dB. Such sound reduction is desirable in order to place the system 100 within a house or dwelling 200. Said another way, absent the muffler 143b, the engine 128 may generate sound at a level that would be irritating to the inhabitants or occupants of the house or dwelling 200. Further sound reduction may be achieved by embedding the muffler 143b within the storage vessel 120 such that any sound that is not reduced by the muffler 143b may be dampened or otherwise reduced by the water within the vessel 120, In an embodiment the level of sound escaping the vessel 120 may be less than 60 dB, for example. Yet further, because the muffler 143b is configured within the vessel 120 it is less likely to be exposed to conditions (air) that would lead to its corrosion. Thus, it is expected that the useful life of the muffler is lengthened by embedding it within vessel 120. In an embodiment, the muffler 143b may be made from a stainless steel, for example.
As mentioned previously the unit 142 may be embedded within the vessel 120 in order to transfer heat from the exhaust and components of the unit 142 to the water 120a in order to capture energy in the form of heat from the exhaust. It should be noted that when the converter 143a that is a part of unit 142 is so embedded, the temperature of the converter 143a may eventually equal the temperature of the water 120a inside the vessel 120. In an embodiment, this allows the converter 143a to be more efficient than existing converters. In more detail, during operation of the engine 128 the temperature of the water 120a in the vessel 120 may be in the range of 100° to 160° F. Accordingly, the embedded converter 143a will be at the same temperature at some point (or, at least a higher temperature than ambient). In an embodiment, the converter 143a may be operable to reach an optimum operating performance once it has reached an optimum operating temperature. Accordingly, because the temperature of embedded converter 143a may be maintained at an elevated temperature the converter 143a may reach (and maintain) an optimum operating temperature more quickly than converters that are not so embedded. In an embodiment, because the converter 143a can operate at an optimum operating temperature it may be able to more effectively remove toxic gases and elements from the exhaust within piping 130.
In an embodiment, the unit 142 may be configured to be easily replaceable. For example, in one embodiment the unit 142 may be replaced by removing some or all of the exhaust heat exchanger 130 and lifting the unit 142 out of the sub-system 101.
Referring now to
As depicted, exhaust may be received from the heat exchanger 130 (e.g., piping) by unit 242 that may be within a vessel, such as vessel 120. The exhaust may enter a first half-annular passage 244a which may be formed by the interior surface of the unit 242 and muffler 243b. Due to the configuration of the interior of the unit 242, the exhaust may be directed upwards in a loop-back flow via second half-annular passage 244b—also formed by the interior surface of the unit 242 and muffler 243b—and into the muffler 243b. In an embodiment, when the annular passages 244a,b are within a unit that is within a vessel that contains liquid at a lower temperature than the exhaust (e.g., water), the exhaust may be cooled via at least convection and/or conduction as it traverses the passages 244a,b. It should be noted that the direction of exhaust flow depicted in
Similar to the discussion above regarding unit 142, in an embodiment, the muffler 243b may be operable to reduce a level of sound generated by the engine 128 and exhaust gases, for example, to less than 60 dB. Such sound reduction is desirable in order to place the sub-system 101 within a house or dwelling 200. Said another way, absent the muffler 243b, the engine 128 may generate sound at a level that would be irritating to the inhabitants or occupants of the house or dwelling 200. Further sound reduction may be achieved by embedding the muffler 243b within a storage vessel (e.g., vessel 120) such that any sound that is not reduced by the muffler 243b may be dampened or otherwise reduced by the water within the vessel. In an embodiment the level of sound escaping the vessel 120 may be less than 60 dB, for example. Yet further, because the muffler 243b may be configured within a vessel it is less likely to be exposed to conditions (air) that would lead to its corrosion. Thus, it is expected that the useful life of the muffler is lengthened by embedding it within a vessel. In an embodiment, the muffler 243b may be made from a stainless steel, for example.
In some embodiments the unit 242 may further comprise an oxygen sensor 245 that may be operable to detect a level of oxygen in the exhaust and send signals to controls (not shown in figures) in order to ensure that a proper stoichiometric balance of treated exhaust is achieved and maintained to ensure appropriate reduction of toxic gases within the exhaust
Upon exiting the muffler 243b the exhaust may flow to a catalytic converter section 243a that may be operable to convert toxic gases (e.g. oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon monoxide) in the exhaust to substantially non-toxic gases (nitrogen, hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide) as well as convert the exhaust into additional heat that may be absorbed by the water 120a in the vessel 120 surrounding the converter 243a. In an embodiment, section 243a may comprise a ceramic structure having layers coated with one or more of a metal catalyst, such as platinum, rhodium and/or palladium, for example. As exhaust enters converter 243a, it may impact a first so-called “reduction” layer comprising platinum and rhodium. This layer functions to reduce NOx in the exhaust by converting NO or NO2 molecules in the exhaust to nitrogen. Thereafter, the exhaust may impact a second or “oxidation” layer comprising palladium or platinum that functions to reduce unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide through oxidization (burning) to carbon dioxide and water, for example.
In an embodiment, the converter 243a may be configured as honeycombed layers or layers of ceramic beads, for example.
As mentioned previously the unit 242 may be within the vessel 120 in order to transfer heat to the water 120a in order to capture energy in the form of heat from the exhaust and components of unit 242. It should be noted that when the converter 243a is so located, the temperature of the converter 243a may eventually equal the temperature of the water 120a inside the vessel 120. In an embodiment, this allows the converter 243a to be more efficient than existing converters. In more detail, during operation of the engine 128 the temperature of the water 120a in the vessel 120 may be in the range of 100° to 160° F. Accordingly, the converter 243a will be at the same temperature at some point (or, at least a higher temperature than ambient). In an embodiment, the converter 243a may be operable to reach an optimum operating performance once it has reached an optimum operating temperature. Accordingly, because the temperature of converter 243a may be maintained at an elevated temperature the converter 243a may reach (and maintain) an optimum operating temperature more quickly than converters that are not so located. In an embodiment, because the converter 243a can operate at an optimum operating temperature it may be able to more effectively remove toxic gases and elements from the exhaust within piping 130.
In an embodiment, the unit 242 may be configured to be easily replaceable. For example, in one embodiment the unit 242 may be replaced by removing some or all of the exhaust heat exchanger 130 and lifting the unit 242 out of the sub-system 101.
Continuing, upon being treated by the unit 142 or 242 the exhaust may flow to the exhaust heat exchanger 130 that may be operable to transfer heat within the exhaust gases to water 120a within the vessel 120. In an embodiment the heat exchanger 130 may comprise a plurality of coiled piping (i.e., coils) that are embedded in water 120a within vessel 120. The coils 130 may comprise a thermally conductive material, such as stainless steel, for example.
In an embodiment, as the heated exhaust flows through coils 130 it heats the coils 130 which in turn heat the surrounding water 120a. Thus, heat is transferred from the exhaust into the water 120a. Thus, the sub-system 101 can be said to capture energy in the form of heat that would ordinarily have been lost if the exhaust was simply discharged to the atmosphere outside of the dwelling or house 200. The water 120a that has been heated may be used as hot water for inhabitants (via plumbing and appliances) of the dwelling or house 200.
As noted previously, the sub-system 101 may be operable to capture heat that would otherwise be wasted from both the exhaust and from the engine coolant. We now turn to a discussion of the later.
Referring back to
As the coolant absorbs heat from the engine 128, the coolant flows away from the engine 128 via coolant heat exchanger 134 (e.g. coiled piping or coils) that may be operable to transfer heat from the coolant to the liquid 120a within the vessel 120. In an embodiment, coils 134 may comprise an exemplary, thermally conductive material, such as stainless steel.
Similar to coils 130, as heated coolant flows through coils 134 it heats the coils 134 which in turn heat the surrounding liquid 120a. Thus, heat is transferred from the coolant into the water 120a. Thus, once again the sub-system 101 can be said to capture energy in the form of heat that would ordinarily have been lost if the heat from the coolant was simply discharged. The water 120a that has been heated may be used as hot water for inhabitants (via plumbing and appliances) of the dwelling or house 200.
Once the coolant has travelled through the entire set of coils 132 it may enter the pump (not shown, but may be located at position 132a) prior to being re-introduced into the engine 128.
Accordingly, the sub-system 101 captures or recovers heat from both the exhaust and coolant.
Backtracking somewhat, the sub-system 101 depicted in
As noted above, the supply section 113a may comprise piping (e.g., a polyvinyl chloride material, “PVC”). In an embodiment, the openings 113d that receive the piping 113a (as well as exhaust piping 120b which may also comprise PVC) may be sealed using, for example, a gasket and latch configuration. In addition, due to the operation of the engine 128, air in the cowling 101a will be drawn into the engine 128 causing a pressure gradient inside the cowling 101a to form. In an embodiment, this pressure gradient may prevent leakage of any air from inside the cowling 101a to the outside surroundings.
As noted, provided the engine 128 is operating, air within the cowling 101a may be drawn from the supply section 113a, over the engine 128 and generators 128a,b and into the air intake section 113b. However, when the engine 128 is not operating (or not operating correctly) a sufficient amount of air may not be drawn into the cowling 101a via the supply section 113a. Should this situation occur, the temperature and pressure of the air that is already inside the cowling 101a that has been heated by the engine 128 may rise to level that may adversely affect the operating efficiency of the engine 128. To mitigate such an affect, in an additional embodiment subsystem 101 may comprise one or more fans 113c. In an embodiment, the fans 113c may be positioned in-line with the top of the exhaust piping 120b, for example. The fans 113c may be operable to create a negative pressure in order to draw air out of the cowling 101a in order to reduce the affects discussed above thus, allowing the engine 128 to function properly.
The sub-system 101 may include additional components. For example, a fuel injector 128d that functions to control the amount of a fuel source that is injected into the engine 128 to be mixed with air intake and an intake air valve train 128e are shown in
As noted previously, the sub-system 104 may be operable to store a first amount of energy. This energy may be used by an inhabitant or occupant of the dwelling or house 200 or, alternatively, be delivered back to an electric utility's grid in return for compensation or credits, for example.
In the later scenario a utility may install controls (not shown in figures) that permit the utility to request and receive energy stored within sub-system 104 as needed. For example, it is known that many utilities must pay (other utilities, or energy source providers) a substantial premium to supply electrical energy to residential and commercial customers during “peak” energy time periods (e.g. when everyone turns their air conditioners on over the same time period during the summer months). This premium may amount to 25% or more of a utilities' yearly cost of providing electricity. In contrast, the embodiments of the present invention when combined with required controls allows such a utility to request and receive additional power from energy storage sub-section 104 instead of another utility at a lower cost.
Still further, embodiments of the invention may lower a utility's cost of producing electricity in yet another way. For example, it is known that a substantial amount of energy from an energy source (coal) is lost between the time the energy source is used by a utility to generate electricity at an operating plant and the time the energy is actually delivered to a remote customer. By some estimates, 65% of the energy generated is lost by the time it is delivered to a customer's traditional heating and electrical system. In comparison, systems provided by the invention, such as system 100, installed at a location 200 where the heat and electricity will be utilized have the capability of delivering approximately 60% more energy than traditional heating and electrical systems.
In the case where an inhabitant or occupant of the dwelling or house 200 desires to make use of any excess energy that is produced by an inventive, combined heat and power systems described or referenced herein the inventors provide numerous designs and modes of operation to realize such a desire. Some of these designs and modes of operation are set forth above. Still others are now described.
Referring now to
As noted above, as the inventive combined heat and power systems operate they may generate a substantial amount of excess heat that, in traditional systems would not be used (i.e., it would be wasted). In embodiments of the invention, such waste heat may be captured and then used to reduce the temperature and/or humidity of air circulating within a dwelling or house (e.g., dwelling 200) by the humidity control subsection 300, among other uses. Alternatively, some of the waste heat may be discharge to the atmosphere, for example, by subsection 300.
In one embodiment, subsection 300 may comprise a bypass valve 301 (e.g., a 3-way by-pass valve), first and second external heat exchangers 302a, 302b (e.g. coils, radiators that are external to, or outside, a water tank or vessel), a humidity control element 303 (e.g., a rotatable desiccant medium 303a, b, motors and motor controller 303c), fans 304a, 304b, filters 305a, 305b, a heat pump 313, a source of moisture 317, and controls 307 described below. In an embodiment, coils within exchangers 302a, 302b may comprise an exemplary, thermally conductive material, such as stainless steel. The first external heat exchanger 302a may be enclosed within a first enclosure 314a while the second external heat exchanger 302b may be enclosed within a second enclosure 314b. Alternatively, the two enclosure 314a, 314b may be combined into one enclosure if space is needed or further separated into additional enclosures depending on design and/or operating considerations.
In an embodiment controls 307 may be operable to send one or more control signals via wired or wireless channels and means to the humidity control sub-section 300 to control the temperature and/or humidity of the air circulating within the dwelling or house. In embodiments, controls 307 may comprise a temperature sensor, thermostat, smart thermostat, humidity/barometric pressure sensor, a controller or some combination of such components (collectively “controls 307”), for example.
In more detail, controls 307 may be may be operable to detect or sense the temperature and/or humidity of the air within a dwelling or house, such as dwelling or house 200 and then send or transmit (collectively “send”) one or more control signals to control the operation of the bypass valve 301 (e.g., a 3-way by-pass valve) via wireless or wired channels and means. Thereafter, by-pass valve 301 may be operable to control the initial flow of heated water or coolant 306, that contains waste heat, to the first or second external heat exchangers 302a, 302b from an engine and/or, alternatively, from a pressure vessel or tank described elsewhere herein, or from another source of heated water.
Depending on the mode of operation (described in more detail below), the controls 307 may be operable to send one or more control signals via wireless or wired means and channels to control the operation of one or more of the humidity control element 303, fans 304a, 304b, heat pump 313 and/or the source of moisture 317.
In one embodiment, if the temperature detected by controls 307 indicates that the dwelling or house needs heat (e.g., the temperature is below 65° F.), then the controls 307 may be operable to send one or more control signals via wired or wireless connection 316 to the by-pass valve 301 causing the valve 301 to initially direct the flow of heated water or coolant 306 to the first external heat exchanger 302a via piping 308a, for example. Alternatively, if the temperature detected by controls 307 indicates that the dwelling or house needs cooling (e.g., the temperature is above 65° F.), then the controls 307 may be operable to send one or more signals via the wired or wireless connection 316 to the bypass valve 301 causing the valve 301 to initially direct the flow of heated water or coolant 306 to the second external heat exchanger 302b via piping 308b, for example.
Referring more particularly now to
In a first heating mode it is desirable to use excess energy (i.e., waste heat) to provide heat to the house or dwelling, but not dehumidification. For example, controls 307 may be operable to detect that the temperature of the dwelling or house may fall below a threshold (e.g., below 65° F.) and, thereafter, send one or more signals to control the fan 304a via wired or wireless connections 316 (connection to fans is not shown for ease of understanding the figure) to turn on in order to blow any air that flows over exchanger 302a back into the dwelling as heated air 310. In more detail, as the heated water or coolant 306 flows through the exchanger 302a it discharges energy (heat) to the air 309 flowing over the exchanger 302a. Air 309 may comprise air from conduits or the like (not shown in figures) that has previously circulated through the house (i.e., return air). The discharged energy warms the return air 309 while the fan 304a blows the now warmed air 310 back into the house or dwelling. Because controls 307 have detected or sensed an acceptable humidity level, the controls 307 will not send signals to the humidity control element 303 via wired or wireless connection 316 (connection to element 303 is not shown for ease of understanding the figure). It should be noted that the return air 309 may be filtered by filter 305a in order to remove dust and particulate (collectively “particulate”) that may clog or otherwise decrease the effectiveness of element 303 when utilized (e.g., portion 303a of element 303) or may otherwise be unhealthy for the inhabitants of the house or dwelling.
In a second heating mode, controls 307 may detect or sense that both the temperature and humidity of the house or dwelling must be adjusted. For example, controls 307 may detect that the temperature of the dwelling or house has fallen below a threshold (e.g., below 65° F.) and the humidity has exceeded a threshold (e.g., 10%, 20%, 50%). Accordingly, controls 307 may be operable to send one or more signals via wired or wireless connection 316 to control both fans 304a, 304b and element 303 to turn on (again, specific connections to fans and element 303 are not shown for ease of understanding the figure) as the heated water or coolant 306 flows through both exchangers 302a, 302b. The heated water 306 within exchangers 302a, 302b begins to discharge energy to warm the air flowing over them, respectively.
In more detail, upon receiving a signal to turn on via connection 316, the fan 304b begins to force air 311 from outside of the house or dwelling through the second filter 305b over the second external heat exchanger 302b and through a portion 303b of the rotatable desiccant medium of element 303 as the medium begins to rotate or otherwise move. As a consequence, the portion 303b of the element 303 that is in the path of air that flows over exchanger 302b will be warmed and dried (collectively “dried”) by air that has been warmed by energy discharged from exchanger 302b. As the portion 303b, now dried, rotates further it moves into the path of return air 309. Accordingly, the flowing, return air 309 will now flow through now dried portion 303b. In an embodiment of the invention, dried portion 303b may be operable to remove water vapor from the return air 309, thereby dehumidifying the air 309 (i.e., water vapor is absorbed or removed from the air 309) before it is warmed by energy discharged from exchanger 302a and then blown into the house or dwelling as warmed air 310 by fan 304a. Of course, as portion 303b is rotating portion 303a is also rotating into the path of filtered air flowing over exchanger 302b due to fan 305b. Accordingly, any water vapor collected by portion 303a while it was in the path of return air 309 may be removed or absorbed by the air 311 that flows onto portion 303a by virtue of the force of air from fan 304b after it has been warmed by energy discharged from exchanger 302b, thus drying portion 303a. Thereafter, as portions 303a, 303b continue to rotate they each repeat the cycles of drying, water vapor absorption, drying, water vapor absorption, etc., to dehumidify air 310 before it is blown back into the house or dwelling until such time as a motor and/or motor controller 303c receives one or more signals from controls 307 via wireless or wired channels and means to cease operation (i.e., stop rotating portions 303a, 303b).
It should be noted that air 311 may first flow through filter 305b to remove particulate before the air 311 flows to portions 303a, 303b to avoid clogging or otherwise decreasing the effectiveness of portions 303a, 303b, for example.
In a third mode, heated water or coolant 306 may be used to heat a house or dwelling and, in addition, a second amount of energy from the heated water or coolant 306 may be discharged to the external atmosphere in order to return the heated water or coolant 306 to a water vessel, tank or engine that is part of a combined heat and power system described elsewhere herein. In this embodiment, dehumidification is not required.
Accordingly, controls 307 may be operable to detect that the temperature of the dwelling or house may fall below a threshold (e.g., below 65° F.) and, thereafter, send one or more signals to control the fan 304a via connection 316 to turn on. In addition, controls 307 may send one or more similar signals to fan 304b via connection 316 to turn on. It should be understood that the physical wired or wireless connection to each component or element of the sub-section 300 from controls 307 may be a distinct connection to each component or element (i.e., the connections are different, but the same indicator “316” in the figures will be used for simplicity of discussion).
In more detail, as the heated water or coolant 306 flows through the first exchanger 302a it discharges energy (heat) to the return air 309 flowing over the exchanger 302a. The discharged energy warms the air 309 while the fan 304a blows the now warmed air 310 back into the house or dwelling. Because controls 307 have detected or sensed an acceptable humidity level, the controls 307 will not send signals to the humidity control element 303 to turn on. As the heated water or coolant 306 flows further to the second exchanger 302b external air 311 is forced over the exchanger 302b by fan 304b. Accordingly, air 311 forced over exchanger 302b moves the heat discharged into the air from exchanger 302b (i.e., a second amount of energy) away from exchanger 302b and to the external atmosphere as air 312.
In a fourth heating mode, a second amount of energy from the heated water or coolant 306 may be discharged to the external atmosphere as air 312 in order to lower the temperature of the heated water or coolant 306 so that it may be returned to a vessel, tank or engine that is part of a combined heat and power system. In this mode, the house or dwelling does not require heat or dehumidification.
Accordingly, controls 307 may be operable to detect that the temperature and humidity of the house are within acceptable thresholds so controls 307 will not send signals to components in sub-section 300 to turn on. Nonetheless, some of the waste heat must still be discharged. In this mode, controls, such as controls 15 described earlier, may send one or more signals to components of sub-section 300 to control a discharge of the second amount of energy from the heated liquid or circulated coolant in order to ultimately control the temperature and pressure of water in a tank, vessel or boiler, for example (for ease of understanding the wired or wireless connections between controls 15 and components of the subsection 300 are not shown for ease of understanding).
More particularly, controls 15 may send one or more signals to control fan 304b to turn on. Thus, as the heated water or coolant 306 flows through the first exchanger 302a it discharges energy (heat) to warm the return air 309 flowing over the exchanger 302a. However, because the fan 304a has not received a signal to turn on, little or no energy from exchanger 302a will be discharged from the heated water or coolant 306 within exchanger 302a to the air 309. Thus, little or no warmed air 310 will flow back into the house or dwelling. As the heated water or coolant 306 flows further to the second exchanger 302b, external air 311 is forced over the exchanger 302b by fan 304b. Accordingly, air 311 forced over exchanger 302b moves the heat discharged from exchanger 302b (i.e., a second amount of energy) away from exchanger 302b and to the external atmosphere as air 312. As a result, the temperature of the water or coolant 306 within exchanger 302b is reduced before it is returned to a tank, vessel or boiler, for example, via piping 315, for example.
In a fifth mode the source of moisture 317 (e.g., a humidifier) may be operable to provide moisture (e.g. water vapor) to subsection 300. In particular, controls 307 may be operable to send one or more signals to source 317 via wired or wireless means and channels to turn on in order to add moisture to element 303. The added moisture in turn adds moisture to the air 310 that is directed and circulated back into the house or dwelling to humidify the air 310.
In yet another mode, the humidity control sub-section 300 is not utilized because the dwelling or house does not need heat and the temperature of water in a tank, vessel or boiler is acceptable.
So far the discussion has focused mainly on providing heat to a house or dwelling. However, sub-section 300 may also be used to provide cooling to a house or dwelling.
Referring now to
In a first cooling mode, the house or dwelling requires cooling and dehumidifying. For example, controls 307 may detect or sense that the temperature and humidity of the house or dwelling has exceeded or met a threshold (e.g., the temperature is above 65° F., and the humidity is above 10%, 20%, 50%, etc.). Accordingly, in an embodiment, controls 307 may be operable to send one or more signals to control fans 304a, 304b, humidity control element 303 (e.g., a rotatable desiccant medium 303a,b,) and heat pump 313 via wired or wireless connections 316 to turn on. Because no heated water or coolant 306 is flowing through the first external heat exchanger 302a the air 309 returning from the house or dwelling will instead be cooled by the heat pump 313 as the air 309 passes over coils of the heat pump 313, for example. Thereafter, the cooled air 310 will be blown back into the house or dwelling. In addition to cooling the air 310, the air 310 will also be dehumidified.
In one embodiment, as fan 304b begins to operate it forces air 311 from outside of the house or dwelling through second filter 305b, over the second external heat exchanger 302b and through a portion 303b of the rotatable desiccant medium of element 303 as the medium begins to rotate or otherwise move. As a consequence, the portion 303b that is in the path of air that flows over exchanger 302b will be dried due to the fact that the air 311 receives energy discharged as heat from exchanger 302b. As the portion 303b, now dried, rotates further it moves into the path of air 309 that is being cooled by the heat pump 313. Accordingly, the air 309 will now flow through now dried portion 303b of element 303. In an embodiment of the invention, the dried portion 303b may be operable to absorb or remove water vapor from the air 309, thereby dehumidifying the air 309 before it is blown into the house or dwelling as cooled, dehumidified air 310. Of course, as portion 303b is rotating portion 303a is also rotating into the path of filtered air flowing over exchanger 302b. Accordingly, any water vapor collected by portion 303a due to the time it spent in the path of return air 309 is removed by drying (e.g., evaporation). Thereafter, as portions 303a, 303b continue to rotate they each repeat the cycles of drying, water vapor absorption, drying, water vapor absorption, etc., to dehumidify air 310 before it is blown back into the house or dwelling until such time as a motor and/or motor controller 303c receives one or more signals via wired or wireless connection 316 from controls 307 to cease operation (i.e., stop rotating) because the humidity level has dropped below a selected threshold, for example.
It should be noted that external air 311 may first flow through filter 305b to remove particulate before it flows to portions 303a, 303b to avoid clogging or otherwise decreasing the effectiveness of portions 303a, 303b.
There may be instances when the humidity of the dwelling or house is acceptable, but the temperature is not. At the same time, the temperature of the water or coolant 306 used by a combined heat and power system may need to be lowered. Accordingly, in a second cooling mode, air that is returned to a house or dwelling is cooled but not dehumidified while the temperature of water or coolant 306 is lowered.
In an embodiment, controls 307 may detect or sense that the temperature of the house or dwelling is above a threshold (e.g., 65° F.). In such a scenario controls 307 may further send one or more signals to control fans 304a, 304b and heat pump 313 via wired or wireless connection 316 to turn on (the humidity control element 303 is not turned on). Similar to the examples above, because no heated water or coolant 306 is flowing through the first external heat exchanger 302a the return air 309 will be cooled by the heat pump 313 as the air 309 passes over coils of pump 313, for example. Thereafter, the cooled air 310 will be blown back into the house or dwelling. In addition, heat from the water or coolant 306 flowing within the second exchanger 302b may be discharged (i.e., a second amount of energy) by the action of the air 311 being blown over exchanger 302b by fan 304b. That is, as the air 311 is forced over the exchanger 302b heat discharged from the exchanger 302b is removed, and exits as air 312 to the atmosphere, thereby lowering the temperature of the water or coolant 306 within exchanger 302b before the water or coolant 306 is fed back to a vessel, tank, boiler or engine, for example, via piping 315.
In a third cooling mode the humidity of the dwelling or house is acceptable, but the temperature is not. Accordingly, in this mode, air that is returned to a house or dwelling is cooled but not dehumidified. Further, in this mode the temperature of the water or coolant 306 used by a combined heat and power system is acceptable, and, thus, does need to be lowered.
In an embodiment, controls 307 may detect or sense that the temperature of the house or dwelling is above a threshold (e.g., 65° F.). In such a scenario controls 307 may be operable to send one or more signals to control fans 304a and heat pump 313 to turn on via connection 316 (the other fan 304b and humidity control element 303 are not turned on). Again, because no heated water or coolant 306 is flowing through the first external heat exchanger 302a the return air 309 will be cooled by the heat pump 313 as the air 309 passes over coils, for example, of the heat pump 313. Thereafter, the cooled air 310 will be blown back into the house or dwelling. The water or coolant 306 will flow through the second exchanger 302b and continue back to the vessel, tank, boiler or engine of a combined heat and power system, for example via piping 315.
There may be scenarios where cooling may not be necessary, but where it is desirable to dehumidify the air 309 before it returns to a house or dwelling.
In a fourth mode air 310 that is returned to a house or dwelling is not cooled but is dehumidified.
For example, in such an embodiment controls 307 may detect or sense that the humidity of the house or dwelling is above a threshold as set forth previously herein. In such a scenario controls 307 may send one or more signals to control the dehumidifying control element 303 and fans 304a, 304b to turn on via connection 316 (heat pump 313 is not turned on).
As fan 304a begins to operate it forces return air 309 over first external heat exchanger 302a. Because, however, there is no water or coolant flowing within exchanger 302a, exchanger 302a does not appreciably affect the humidity or temperature of the air 309. However, the humidity of the air 309 is affected by operation of the second heat exchanger 302b, element 303 and fans 304a, 304b. For example, as fan 304b forces air 311 over exchanger 302b the air 311 receives energy discharged from exchanger 302b. The warmed air now flows to portion 303b of element 303 and dries portion 303b. As portion 303b, now dried, rotates it moves into the path of air 309 that is being forced back into the house or dwelling by fan 304a. Accordingly, the air 309 will now flow through now dried portion 303b. In an embodiment of the invention, the dried portion 303b may be operable to absorb or remove water vapor from the air 309, thereby dehumidifying the air 309 before it is blown into the house or dwelling as dehumidified air 310. Of course, as portion 303b is rotating portion 303a is also rotating into the path of filtered air flowing over exchanger 302b. Accordingly, any water vapor absorbed by portion 303a due to the time it spent within the path of return air 309 may also be removed by drying (evaporation). Thereafter, as portions 303a, 303b continue to rotate they each repeat the cycles of drying, water vapor absorption, drying, water vapor absorption, etc., to dehumidify air 310 before it is blown back into the house or dwelling until such time as a motor and/or motor controller 303c within element 303 receives a signal from controls 307 via connection 316 to cease operation (i.e., stop rotating elements 303a, 303b) because the humidity level has dropped below a selected threshold, for example.
In a fifth mode where water or coolant 306 is being fed to the second external heat exchanger 302b there may be no need to alter the temperature or humidity of the air 309, but, nonetheless there may be need to discharge energy from the water or coolant 306 in order to lower the temperature of the heated water or coolant 306 so that it may be returned to a vessel, tank or engine that is part of a combined heat and power system via piping 315, for example.
Accordingly, controls 307 may be operable to detect that the temperature and humidity of the house are within acceptable thresholds so controls 307 will not send signals to components in sub-section 300. Nonetheless some of the waste heat must still be discharged. In this mode, controls 15 described earlier, may send one or more signals to components of sub-section 300 to turn them on (the connections to controls 15 and components of sub-section 300 are not shown for the sake of clarity) to help discharge waste heat in water or coolant 306 (i.e., a second amount of energy) in order control the temperature and pressure of water in a tank, vessel or boiler, for example.
More particularly, controls 15 may send one or more signals to fan 304b to turn on. Thus, as the heated water or coolant 306 flows through the second exchanger 302b it discharges energy (heat) to the air 311 flowing over the exchanger 302b by operation of fan 304b. Accordingly, air 311 forced over exchanger 302b moves the heat discharged from exchanger 302b away from exchanger 302b and to the external atmosphere as air 312. As a result, the temperature of the water or coolant 306 within exchanger 302b may be reduced before it is returned to a tank, vessel, boiler, or engine, for example via piping 315.
In yet a sixth mode, the house or dwelling desires to keep air 309 circulating but without the need for any cooling or dehumidification. Nor is there a need to discharge any energy (heat) from the water or coolant 306 before it is re-used by a tank, vessel, boiler or engine.
Accordingly, controls 307 may be operable to detect or sense that the temperature and humidity of the house are within acceptable thresholds. Further, controls 15 may also be operable to detect or sense that the temperature and pressure of water within a tank, vessel, boiler or engine cooling system is also acceptable. Nonetheless, the inhabitants or occupants of a house or dwelling may desire some amount of air circulation. Thus, in this mode either controls 307, or controls 15 or other controls may be operable to send one or more signals to fan 304a of sub-section 300 to maintain some level of circulation of air 309 (again, the connection to fan 304a is not shown for the sake of clarity).
More particularly, in one embodiment controls 307 or 15 may send one or more signals to fan 304a to turn on, thus forcing return air 309 back into the house as air 310. Because no water or coolant 306 is flowing through first heat exchanger 302a, little or no heat will be discharged from the water or coolant 306 within exchanger 302a into the moving air 309. Further, because neither the heat pump 313 nor humidity control element 303 is turned on, the air 309 will not be cooled or dehumidified. As a result, the air 309 will continue to be re-circulated to the house or dwelling as air 310 using the fan 304a in sub-section 300. This may be referred to as a “fan-only” mode.
In yet a seventh mode, the humidity control sub-section 300 is not utilized because a dwelling or house does not need cooling and the temperature of water in a tank, vessel or boiler is acceptable.
It should be understood that regardless of the heating or cooling mode utilized, after the water or coolant 306 passes through one or more of the external heat exchangers 302a, 302b the water or coolant 306 is directed to a vessel, tank, boiler or engine cooling system, for example, via piping 315.
It should be understood that the preceding is merely a detailed description of various embodiments of the invention and that numerous changes to the disclosed embodiments can be made in accordance with the disclosure herein without departing from the scope of the invention. The preceding description, therefore, is not meant to limit the scope of the invention. Rather, the scope of the invention is to be determined only by the appended claims and their equivalents.
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/818,009 filed Mar. 13, 2020, (the “'009 Application”), which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/974,679 filed May 8, 2018 (“'679 Application) which, in turn, is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/621,711 filed Jun. 13, 2017 (the “'711 Application”). This application is also related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/795,750 (the “'750 Application”) filed Feb. 20, 2020. The disclosures of the '009, '679, '711 and '750 Applications are hereby fully incorporated herein by reference for all purposes as if each were set forth in full herein.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 15974679 | May 2018 | US |
| Child | 16818009 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
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| Parent | 16818009 | Mar 2020 | US |
| Child | 16875963 | US | |
| Parent | 15621711 | Jun 2017 | US |
| Child | 15974679 | US |
