Patent Grant
8284492
The present invention generally relates to optical systems for projecting images, and more specifically relates to a micro-optic film structure that alone or together with a security document or label projects images spatially coordinated with static images and/or other projected images, the static images and/or other projected images serving to either visually enhance or cancel the projected images.
Optical materials have long been recognized as valued additions to security threads used in banknotes. These materials allow for a variety of self-authenticating optical effects while rendering the security thread and thus the banknote more resistant to counterfeiting.
By way of example, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2005/0180020 A1 to Steenblik et al. depicts a film material that employs a regular two-dimensional array of non-cylindrical lenses to enlarge micro-images. The film material or structure comprises (a) one or more optical spacers; (b) a regular periodic planar array of image icons positioned on one surface of the optical spacer; and (c) a regular periodic array of lenses positioned on an opposing surface of the optical spacer. The lenses are described as being polygonal base multi-zonal lenses, lenses providing enlarged fields of view over the width of the associated image icons so that the peripheral edges of the associated image icons do not drop out of view, or aspheric lenses having effective base diameters of less than 50 microns. For currency, document and product security applications requiring total film thicknesses of less than 50 microns, this reference teaches that the effective base diameter of the lens must be less than 50 microns, and that the focal length of the lens must be less than 40 microns. The images projected by this film structure reportedly show a number of visual effects including orthoparallactic movement.
These micro-optic film structures, in the form of security strips or threads, are either mounted on a surface of a security document (e.g., banknote), or are partially embedded within the document, with the film structures being visible in clearly defined windows on a surface of the document.
In order to preserve the optical effect of the micro-optic film structure when used on or within a security document, print is applied to opposing surfaces of the document so as to avoid or minimize print in the area of the film structure.
By way of the present invention, it has been discovered that printing in the area of the film structure does not impair the film structure's optical performance, and in fact, can be used to enhance or cancel the images projected by such micro-optic film structures, rendering these devices more visually attractive and thus more effective as a public security feature.
The present invention therefore provides an at least partially transparent micro-optic film structure, which projects one or more first synthetic optical images and optionally one or more second synthetic optical images, wherein the one or more first synthetic optical images are spatially coordinated with (i) one or more static images, (ii) one or more second synthetic optical images, or (iii) a combination of one or more static images and one or more second synthetic optical images.
In one contemplated embodiment, the inventive micro-optic film structure projects one or more first synthetic optical images, which are spatially coordinated with one or more static images, and basically comprises:
As will be evident to one skilled in the art from the above descriptions, synthetic optical images are images formed and projected by/through a planar arrangement of focusing elements or lenses when the primary (and possibly also secondary) image icons are placed on or within the focal plane(s) of the focusing elements or lenses. As will also be evident from the above descriptions, static images are images resulting from placement of the image icons (e.g., printed information) outside the focal plane(s) of the focusing elements or lenses. As such, while these image icons may be directly viewed, or viewed through the micro-optic film structure, the image icons are not imaged and projected by the film structure's planar arrangement of focusing elements or lenses.
The present invention further provides a security document or label having opposing surfaces and comprising at least one micro-optic film structure, as defined above, partially embedded in and/or mounted on a surface of the security document or label.
In one contemplated embodiment of the inventive security document or label, the secondary image icons are directly superimposed on the primary image icons and/or on the focusing elements of the micro-optic film structure by, for example, printing the secondary image icons directly thereon, the film structure being partially embedded in the security document or label and visible in clearly defined windows on a first or upper surface thereof.
In another contemplated embodiment, the film structure is again partially embedded in the security document or label, the secondary image icons being indirectly superimposed on the primary image icons by, for example, printing the secondary image icons on an opposing second or lower surface of the document or label overlying the embedded film structure. In the alternative, or in addition to the secondary image icons located on the lower surface of the document or label, the secondary image icons may be indirectly and/or directly applied to the focusing elements by, for example, printing the secondary image icons directly on and/or between the windowed regions on the upper surface of the document or label.
The present invention further provides a method for authenticating the micro-optic film structure and security document or label, as defined above, which comprises:
Other features and advantages of the invention will be apparent to one of ordinary skill from the following detailed description and accompanying drawings.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. All publications, patent applications, patents and other references mentioned herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety. In case of conflict, the present specification, including definitions, will control. In addition, the materials, methods, and examples are illustrative only and not intended to be limiting.
Particular features of the disclosed invention are illustrated by reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIGS. 6(A)-(D) are plan views illustrating an embodiment of the present invention where projected images (which are magnified and show orthoparallactic movement) and secondary image icons (which appear as static images) are spatially coordinated and where upon tilting the inventive security document or label, the projected images match the static images;
FIGS. 7(A)-(D) are plan views illustrating another embodiment of the present invention where projected images (which are magnified and show orthoparallactic movement) and secondary image icons (which appear as static images) are spatially coordinated, and where upon tilting the inventive security document or label, the projected images and the static images together form a different image;
FIGS. 8(A)-(C) are plan views illustrating yet another embodiment of the present invention where projected images (which are magnified and show orthoparallactic movement) and secondary image icons (which appear as static images) are spatially coordinated, and where upon tilting the inventive security document or label, apparent movement of the projected images is amplified; and
FIGS. 9(A)-(D) are plan views of a further embodiment of the present invention where projected images (which are magnified and show orthoparallactic movement) and secondary image icons (which appear as static images) are spatially coordinated, and where upon tilting the inventive security document or label, the projected images and the static images are canceled out and thus no longer visible or discernible.
One of the objectives of banknote designers is to employ easily recognizable overt security features that attract the attention of the general public. These overt security features must be difficult to counterfeit or simulate, and should be easily recognizable as genuine in the short time available during a normal transaction, ideally without the need for an additional device. Preferred embodiments of the present invention greatly increase the ability of known micro-optic film structures to attract the attention of the general public, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of this overt security feature.
Although the film structure of the present invention will be described herein mainly as a security strip or thread used in association with banknotes, the invention is not so limited. The film structure of the present invention can be utilized in a variety of different forms with any document (e.g., banknote, passport, identity card, credit card), label, means of identification, commercial product (e.g., optical disks, CDs, DVDs, packages of medical drugs), etc., for authentication purposes.
The polymer film material(s) of the inventive film structure is a light-transmitting support layer which may also function as an optical spacer. Polymer film material(s) may be formed using one or more essentially colorless polymers selected from the group including, but not limited to, polyester, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polyvinyl carbonate, polyvinylidene chloride, and combinations thereof.
The thickness of the polymer film material(s) preferably ranges from about 12 to about 26 microns (more preferably from about 17 to about 21 microns).
The one or more planar arrangements of focusing elements or lenses of the inventive film structure, which project images that may be magnified and/or show one or more visual effects, are preferably selected from the group of:
In a more preferred embodiment, non-cylindrical lenses having a spheric or aspheric surface are employed. Aspheric surfaces include conical, elliptical, parabolic and other profiles. These lenses may have circular, oval, or polygonal base geometries, and may be arranged in regular or random, one- or two-dimensional arrays. In yet a more preferred embodiment, the focusing elements are aspheric lenses having polygonal (e.g., hexagonal) base geometries that are arranged in a regular, two-dimensional array on the polymer film material(s).
The subject focusing elements or lenses have preferred widths (in the case of cylindrical lenses) and base diameters (in the case of non-cylindrical lenses) of less than 50 microns (more preferably, less than about 45 microns, and most preferably, from about 10 to about 40 microns), preferred focal lengths of less than 50 microns (more preferably, less than about 45 microns, and most preferably, from about 10 to about 30 microns), and preferred f-numbers of less than or equal to 2 (more preferably, less than or equal to 1).
The primary image icons used in the practice of the present invention may take any form including, but not limited to, positive or negative symbols, letters and/or numerals that may be visually detected and possibly machine detected or machine read. Although these icons may be printed using, for example, the printing methods and security inks (e.g., infrared inks) noted below for the secondary image icons, image icons formed from voids or recesses and raised image icons formed by casting or heat pressure processes, are preferred.
In one embodiment contemplated by the present invention, the primary image icons are optionally coated and/or filled voids or recesses formed on or within the one or more polymer film materials. These icon types, which have an aspect ratio (i.e., width-to-height ratio) equal to 1, and which are associated with only one focusing element or lens, are described in detail in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2005/0180020 A1 to Steenblik et al.
For those embodiments where the image icons constitute filled recesses, light-converting or luminescent materials may be added to the material (e.g., a substantially transparent or clear radiation curable resinous material) used to fill the recesses. These materials may be added in amounts ranging from about 2 to about 30% by weight (preferably, from about 5 to about 10% by weight), based on the total weight of the fill material. When added in particle form to the fill material, the average particle size of these light-converting or luminescent materials is less than or equal to about 2 microns (preferably, less than or equal to about 1 micron).
In addition, image icons formed as recesses by a substantially transparent, colorless or light-colored resin or resinous material may be filled with one or more magnetic materials such as, for example, magnetic inks.
The images projected by the micro-optic film structure of the present invention may be magnified and/or show one or more visual effects.
Magnification of the projected image(s) is determined by a number of factors such as the degree of ‘skew’ between the symmetry axes of the planar arrangements of focusing elements or lenses and primary image icons. As will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art, a small skew causes a large magnification, while a large skew causes a small magnification. Other factors, such as the relative scales of the two planar arrangements and the f-number of the lenses can affect both the magnification of the projected image(s) as well as its rotation, orthoparallactic movement, and apparent visual depth. The f-number is defined as the quotient obtained by dividing the focal length of the lens (f) by the effective maximum diameter of the lens (D).
Considering possible visual effects, in one embodiment in which the micro-optic film structure comprises a polymer film material having regular, two-dimensional arrays of non-cylindrical lenses and image icons (e.g., filled recesses) on opposing surfaces, when viewed from a location above an upper surface, whether in reflective or transmitted light, projects one or more images that:
As described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2005/0180020 A1 to Steenblik et al., orthoparallactic effects result from a “scale ratio” (i.e., the ratio of the repeat period of the image icons or indicia to the repeat period of the focusing elements or lenses) substantially equal to 1.0000, when the symmetry axes of the focusing elements and image icons or indicia are misaligned. The appearance of resting on a spatial plane deeper than the thickness of the film structure results from a “scale ratio” of less than 1.0000, when the symmetry axes of the focusing elements and image icons or indicia are substantially aligned, while the appearance of resting on a spatial plane above a surface of the film structure results from a “scale ratio” of greater than 1.0000, when the symmetry axes of the focusing elements and image icons or indicia are substantially aligned. The appearance of oscillating between a spatial plane deeper than the thickness of the film structure and a spatial plane above a surface of the film structure as the structure is azimuthally rotated results from axially asymmetric values of the scale ratio (e.g., 0.995 in the X direction, and 1.005 in the Y direction).
In a preferred embodiment, when the planar arrangement of primary image icons is viewed through the planar arrangement of focusing elements or lenses, one or more synthetically magnified images are projected, which show orthoparallactic movement as the film structure is tilted or viewed from different viewing angles.
The secondary image icon(s), which may appear as a static image(s) or other projected image(s), is viewable in visible (reflected and/or transmitted), ultraviolet, or infrared light, and is spatially coordinated with the projected first synthetic optical image(s) of the micro-optic film structure. When displayed with the projected image(s), the secondary image icon(s), which preferably constitutes a substantially fixed or static point of reference, serves to visually enhance (e.g., compliment, complete) the projected image(s) or to cancel it (e.g., render the projected image(s) indiscernible to an unaided eye).
When serving to visually enhance the projected image(s), the position, overall size, shape, spacing, and color of the secondary image icon(s) are chosen so as to work together harmoniously with the projected image(s). Visual enhancements effected by way of the secondary image icons may constitute: (i) a change in the color, optical density, or luminosity of the projected image(s) or its background; (ii) formation of one or more new images or icons; (iii) amplification of apparent movement of the projected image(s); and the like.
When serving to cancel the projected image(s), the secondary image icon(s) is a negative or reverse likeness of the projected image(s) such that when the projected and static images merge, cancellation occurs.
For secondary image icons viewable in visible light, their placement relative to the micro-optic film structure will determine whether they are visible in reflected and/or transmitted light. More specifically, when viewing the windowed film structure from a first or upper surface of a security document or label, secondary image icons applied directly to the focusing elements or lenses of the film structure are viewable in the window regions in reflected and transmitted light, while secondary image icons applied indirectly to the primary image icons (e.g., printing the secondary image icons on an opposing second or lower surface of the document or label overlying the embedded film structure) are viewable only in transmitted light. Adequately sized secondary image icons applied directly to the primary image icons may be viewable in the window regions in reflected and transmitted light.
Referring now to
In
The inventive film structure 10 comprises: a polymer film material 18; a regular, two dimensional array of focusing elements or lenses 20 in the form of aspheric lenses having hexagonal base geometries; a regular, two dimensional array of primary image icons 22 in the form of filled recesses; and secondary image icons 24 either directly superimposed upon one or more focusing elements or lenses 20 (
In
In another contemplated embodiment (not shown), which is similar to that shown in
In
Several ways in which the projected images may be spatially coordinated with, or married to the secondary image icons 24 are shown in
In
In
Other examples of interrelating images/icons include, but are not limited to, two parts of a geometric form (e.g., a square, a circle, a diamond) or design (e.g., a logo, portrait, coat of arms), two numerals that together form a new numeral, two groups of letters that together form a word, two words that together form a phrase, and the like.
In
Other patterns that serve to emphasize or amplify the apparent movement of the projected image(s) include, but are not limited to, other plain patterns (e.g., line patterns, dot patterns) and security type patterns (e.g., intricate webbing or guilloche patterns, vignettes).
In
In addition to visually enhancing or canceling the image(s) projected by the micro-optic film structure, the secondary image icon(s) 24 may itself constitute or embed a security feature (e.g., tilt-effect security features, machine detectable and/or machine readable security features), or it may contribute to the production of one or more machine detectable and/or machine readable security features.
By way of example, the secondary image icon(s) 24 may demonstrate color shift or tilt-effect. Contemplated embodiments include secondary image icons 24 that are printed with optically variable inks, secondary image icons 24 that are made up of (or that contain) holographic patches or stripes, or latent images, and secondary image icons 24 that are formed using blind embossing.
In addition, the secondary image icon(s) 24 may be used to hide or obscure information. In one such contemplated embodiment, the secondary image icon(s) 24 embeds SC (Steganography Cryptography) markings and/or digital watermarks, thereby allowing for covert, anti-copy capability without having to integrate conventional printed covert marking systems into the security document (e.g., banknote) or label.
By way of further example, the secondary image icon(s) 24 may be formed with a material that generates a signal, which may be the same as or different from any signal that may be generated by the primary image icon(s) 22. In one such contemplated embodiment, secondary image icons 24 are printed using a high coercivity security ink, while primary image icons 22, in the form of recesses, are filled with a low coercivity material. The proximity of these materials generates a unique magnetic signal or response that may be used for authentication purposes.
As described and shown herein above, the secondary image icon(s) 24 of the present invention, which serves to visually enhance or cancel images projected by the micro-optic film structure, may be present in a number of different shapes and forms, may be visible or invisible under normal lighting conditions, and may itself constitute or embed a security feature, or contribute to the production of one or more machine detectable and/or machine readable security features.
Methods or techniques suitable for forming the secondary image icons 24 on or through a surface of the micro-optic film structure 10, or on or through a surface of a document or label overlying the film structure 10 are not limited and include, but are not limited to, embossing (e.g., blind embossing), foil transfer, microscopic laser boring techniques, metallization methods (e.g., selective metallization, metallization and selective demetallization), and printing.
In one contemplated embodiment, the secondary image icons 24 are printed icons. These icons 24 are preferably printed using water-based security inks. Security inks contemplated for use in this invention include, but are not limited to, visible and partially visible security inks such as heat reactive-irreversible inks, high coercivity inks, magnetic inks, metal or metallic inks, optically variable inks (e.g., color shift inks, fluorescent inks, metameric inks, pearlescent inks, phosphorescent inks), photochromic inks, radiation curable inks (e.g., UV curable inks), solvent/chemical reactive inks and thermochromic inks, as well as UV inks and infrared (IR) inks.
The secondary image icons 24 may be printed on film structure 10 or security document or label 26 using any printing method including, but not limited to, rotogravure, letterpress, intaglio, lithography, and flexography.
In another contemplated embodiment, the secondary image icons 24, in the form of optically variable holographic foil patches or stripes are applied using conventional foil transfer techniques to a surface of the security document or label 26.
In yet another contemplated embodiment, the secondary image icons 24 are in the form of microscopic laser bored holes that extend completely though film structure 10 or security document or label 26, or that extend only through the second or lower surface 28 of document or label 26 in an area(s) overlying the embedded film structure. Due to the microscopic nature of the holes, the secondary image icons 24 in this embodiment would be visible only in transmitted light.
In a further embodiment, the secondary image icons 24 are metal (i.e., positive) icons or metal-formed (i.e., negative) icons that are applied to the film structure 10 or security document or label 26 using either selective metallization techniques or metallization and selective demetallization techniques.
As will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art, the secondary image icon(s) 24, while serving to visually enhance or cancel the projected image(s), also renders the micro-optic film structure 10 and security document or label 26 of the present invention more counterfeit resistant, by providing additional ways in which to verify authenticity. In fact, by way of the present invention, it has been discovered that unique patterns can be projected by structure 10 and document or label 26 by directing a coherent light source (e.g., laser pointer) at a shallow angle over the focusing elements or lenses 20 of the film structure. Such unique projected light patterns can be used for high level authentication purposes, where these patterns can only be formed by a lens array of proper scale and spacing.
While various embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it should be understood that they have been presented by way of example only, and not limitation. Thus, the breadth and scope of the present invention should not be limited by any of the exemplary embodiments.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/800,257, filed May 12, 2006, which is fully incorporated herein by reference.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 992151 | Berthon | May 1911 | A |
| 1824353 | Jensen | Sep 1931 | A |
| 1849036 | Ernst | Mar 1932 | A |
| 1942841 | Shimizu | Jan 1934 | A |
| 2268351 | Tanaka | Dec 1941 | A |
| 2432896 | Hotchner | Dec 1947 | A |
| 2888855 | Tanaka | Jun 1959 | A |
| 2992103 | Land et al. | Jul 1961 | A |
| 3122853 | Koonz | Mar 1964 | A |
| 3241429 | Rice et al. | Mar 1966 | A |
| 3264164 | Jerothe | Aug 1966 | A |
| 3312006 | Rowland | Apr 1967 | A |
| 3357772 | Rowland | Dec 1967 | A |
| 3463581 | Clay | Aug 1969 | A |
| 3609035 | Ataka | Sep 1971 | A |
| 3643361 | Eaves | Feb 1972 | A |
| 3704068 | Waly | Nov 1972 | A |
| 3811213 | Eaves | May 1974 | A |
| 4073650 | Yevick | Feb 1978 | A |
| 4185191 | Stauffer | Jan 1980 | A |
| 4417784 | Knop et al. | Nov 1983 | A |
| 4498736 | Griffin | Feb 1985 | A |
| 4507349 | Fromson et al. | Mar 1985 | A |
| 4634220 | Hockert et al. | Jan 1987 | A |
| 4645301 | Orensteen et al. | Feb 1987 | A |
| 4688894 | Hockert | Aug 1987 | A |
| 4691993 | Porter et al. | Sep 1987 | A |
| 4756972 | Kloosterboer et al. | Jul 1988 | A |
| 4765656 | Becker et al. | Aug 1988 | A |
| 4892336 | Kaule et al. | Jan 1990 | A |
| 4892385 | Webster, Jr. et al. | Jan 1990 | A |
| 4920039 | Fotland et al. | Apr 1990 | A |
| 5074649 | Hamanaka | Dec 1991 | A |
| 5085514 | Mallik et al. | Feb 1992 | A |
| 5232764 | Oshima | Aug 1993 | A |
| 5254390 | Lu | Oct 1993 | A |
| 2355902 | Berg | Aug 1994 | A |
| 5359454 | Steenblik et al. | Oct 1994 | A |
| 5384861 | Mattson et al. | Jan 1995 | A |
| 5461495 | Steenblik et al. | Oct 1995 | A |
| 5464690 | Boswell | Nov 1995 | A |
| 5468540 | Lu | Nov 1995 | A |
| 5479507 | Anderson | Dec 1995 | A |
| 5492370 | Chatwin et al. | Feb 1996 | A |
| 5555476 | Suzuki et al. | Sep 1996 | A |
| 5568313 | Steenblik et al. | Oct 1996 | A |
| 5575507 | Yamauchi et al. | Nov 1996 | A |
| 5598281 | Zimmerman et al. | Jan 1997 | A |
| 5623347 | Pizzanelli | Apr 1997 | A |
| 5623368 | Calderini et al. | Apr 1997 | A |
| 5643678 | Boswell | Jul 1997 | A |
| 5670003 | Boswell | Sep 1997 | A |
| 5674580 | Boswell | Oct 1997 | A |
| 5688587 | Burchard et al. | Nov 1997 | A |
| 5695346 | Sekiguchi et al. | Dec 1997 | A |
| 5712731 | Drinkwater et al. | Jan 1998 | A |
| 5723200 | Oshima | Mar 1998 | A |
| 5737126 | Lawandy | Apr 1998 | A |
| 5753349 | Boswell | May 1998 | A |
| 5759683 | Boswell | Jun 1998 | A |
| 5783017 | Boswell | Jul 1998 | A |
| 5800907 | Yumoto | Sep 1998 | A |
| 5810957 | Boswell | Sep 1998 | A |
| 5812313 | Johansen | Sep 1998 | A |
| 5886798 | Staub et al. | Mar 1999 | A |
| 5933276 | Magee | Aug 1999 | A |
| 5995638 | Amidror | Nov 1999 | A |
| 6060143 | Tompkin | May 2000 | A |
| 6089614 | Howland et al. | Jul 2000 | A |
| 6176582 | Grasnick | Jan 2001 | B1 |
| 6179338 | Bergmann et al. | Jan 2001 | B1 |
| 6195150 | Silverbrook | Feb 2001 | B1 |
| 6256149 | Rolfe | Jul 2001 | B1 |
| 6288842 | Florczak et al. | Sep 2001 | B1 |
| 6301363 | Mowry, Jr. | Oct 2001 | B1 |
| 6328342 | Belousov et al. | Dec 2001 | B1 |
| 6329040 | Oshima et al. | Dec 2001 | B1 |
| 6345104 | Rhoads | Feb 2002 | B1 |
| 6381071 | Dona | Apr 2002 | B1 |
| 6414794 | Rosenthal | Jul 2002 | B1 |
| 6424467 | Goggins | Jul 2002 | B1 |
| 6450540 | Kim | Sep 2002 | B1 |
| 6467810 | Taylor et al. | Oct 2002 | B2 |
| 6500526 | Hannington | Dec 2002 | B1 |
| 6587276 | Daniell | Jul 2003 | B2 |
| 6616803 | Isherwood et al. | Sep 2003 | B1 |
| 6641270 | Hannington et al. | Nov 2003 | B2 |
| 6712399 | Drinkwater et al. | Mar 2004 | B1 |
| 6721101 | Daniell | Apr 2004 | B2 |
| 6724536 | Magee | Apr 2004 | B2 |
| 6726858 | Andrews | Apr 2004 | B2 |
| 6751024 | Rosenthal | Jun 2004 | B1 |
| 6761377 | Taylor et al. | Jul 2004 | B2 |
| 6795250 | Johnson et al. | Sep 2004 | B2 |
| 6803088 | Kaminsky et al. | Oct 2004 | B2 |
| 6819775 | Amidror et al. | Nov 2004 | B2 |
| 6833960 | Scarbrough et al. | Dec 2004 | B1 |
| 6856462 | Scarbrough et al. | Feb 2005 | B1 |
| 6870681 | Magee | Mar 2005 | B1 |
| 6900944 | Tomczyk | May 2005 | B2 |
| 6935756 | Sewall et al. | Aug 2005 | B2 |
| 7030997 | Neureuther et al. | Apr 2006 | B2 |
| 7058202 | Amidror | Jun 2006 | B2 |
| 7068434 | Florczak et al. | Jun 2006 | B2 |
| 7114750 | Alasia et al. | Oct 2006 | B1 |
| 7194105 | Hersch et al. | Mar 2007 | B2 |
| 7246824 | Hudson | Jul 2007 | B2 |
| 7254265 | Naske et al. | Aug 2007 | B2 |
| 7288320 | Steenblik et al. | Oct 2007 | B2 |
| 7372631 | Ozawa | May 2008 | B2 |
| 7422781 | Gosselin | Sep 2008 | B2 |
| 7457038 | Dolgoff | Nov 2008 | B2 |
| 7504147 | Hannington | Mar 2009 | B2 |
| 7545567 | Tomczyk | Jun 2009 | B2 |
| 7812935 | Cowburn et al. | Oct 2010 | B2 |
| 20010048968 | Cox et al. | Dec 2001 | A1 |
| 20020185857 | Taylor et al. | Dec 2002 | A1 |
| 20030112523 | Daniell | Jun 2003 | A1 |
| 20030179364 | Steenblik et al. | Sep 2003 | A1 |
| 20030183695 | Labrec et al. | Oct 2003 | A1 |
| 20030228014 | Alasia et al. | Dec 2003 | A1 |
| 20030232179 | Steenblik et al. | Dec 2003 | A1 |
| 20040100707 | Kay et al. | May 2004 | A1 |
| 20040140665 | Scarbrough et al. | Jul 2004 | A1 |
| 20050094274 | Souparis | May 2005 | A1 |
| 20050180020 | Steenblik et al. | Aug 2005 | A1 |
| 20060003295 | Hersch et al. | Jan 2006 | A1 |
| 20060017979 | Goggins | Jan 2006 | A1 |
| 20060018021 | Tomkins et al. | Jan 2006 | A1 |
| 20060227427 | Dolgoff | Oct 2006 | A1 |
| 20070058260 | Steenblik et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070183047 | Phillips et al. | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070284546 | Ryzi et al. | Dec 2007 | A1 |
| 20080130018 | Steenblik et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
| 20100068459 | Wang et al. | Mar 2010 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 19804858 | Aug 1999 | DE |
| 19932240 | Jan 2001 | DE |
| 0118222 | Sep 1984 | EP |
| 0203752 | Mar 1986 | EP |
| 0318717 | Jun 1989 | EP |
| 0930174 | Jul 1999 | EP |
| 1095286 | Dec 1967 | GB |
| 2362493 | Nov 2001 | GB |
| 1966-004953 | Mar 1966 | JP |
| 1971-022600 | Aug 1971 | JP |
| 1999-189000 | Jul 1999 | JP |
| 11189000 | Jul 1999 | JP |
| 2000-256994 | Sep 2000 | JP |
| 2001-055000 | Feb 2001 | JP |
| 2003039583 | Feb 2003 | JP |
| 2003-165289 | Jun 2003 | JP |
| 2004-262144 | Sep 2004 | JP |
| 10-0194536 | Jun 1999 | KR |
| 2111125 | May 1998 | RU |
| 2245566 | Jan 2005 | RU |
| WO 9719820 | Jun 1997 | WO |
| WO 9744769 | Nov 1997 | WO |
| WO 9813211 | Apr 1998 | WO |
| WO 9815418 | Apr 1998 | WO |
| WO 9826373 | Jun 1998 | WO |
| WO 9926793 | Jun 1999 | WO |
| WO 9966356 | Dec 1999 | WO |
| WO 0111591 | Feb 2001 | WO |
| WO 0139138 | May 2001 | WO |
| WO 0163341 | Aug 2001 | WO |
| WO 0240291 | May 2002 | WO |
| WO 03005075 | Jan 2003 | WO |
| WO 03007276 | Jan 2003 | WO |
| WO 03022598 | Mar 2003 | WO |
| WO 03053713 | Jul 2003 | WO |
| WO 03061980 | Jul 2003 | WO |
| WO 03082598 | Oct 2003 | WO |
| WO 03098188 | Nov 2003 | WO |
| WO 2004036507 | Apr 2004 | WO |
| WO 2004087430 | Oct 2004 | WO |
| WO2005106601 | Nov 2005 | WO |
| WO 2005106601 | Nov 2005 | WO |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20070273143 A1 | Nov 2007 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 60800257 | May 2006 | US |
