The present inventive concepts generally relate to the field of fluid dispense pump systems, and more particularly, to systems and methods for dispensing micro-volumes of material.
Contemporary micro-volume dispense pumps are suited for outputting small amounts of fluid to a substrate, and are particularly useful in applications that include the assembly of small electronic components in personal computers, smartphones, tablets, and other consumer electronics devices.
During a dispensing operation, a pump transports glue, resin, paste, epoxy, or other adhesives, or other fluid material to a dispense tip attached to the end of the pump. The dispense tip, also referred to as a needle, nozzle, or pin, in turn outputs a small volume of the fluid material on the substrate as needed.
The density of components assembled for an electronic device continues to increase, while the size of the components continues to decrease. It is therefore desirable for dispense pump systems to deposit precise volumes of fluid materials at smaller dimensions and high accuracy and consistency.
Embodiments of the present inventive concepts are directed to fluid dispense pumps and systems and to methods for manufacturing fluid dispense pumps.
In one aspect, provided is a feed screw assembly for a fluid dispense pump, comprising: a feed screw; a feed screw shaft extending from the feed screw; a spanner nut about the feed screw shaft; a bearing assembly about the feed screw shaft between the spanner nut and the feed screw The bearing assembly includes an outer ring that directly abuts the spanner nut; and an inner ring that rotates inside and relative to the outer ring, wherein the inner ring is coupled to the feed screw shaft for rotating the feed screw, and wherein the inner ring is separated from the spanner nut by a gap.
In some embodiments, the feed screw assembly further comprises a sleeve that is press-fit to the feed screw shaft, wherein the inner ring of the bearing drive is press-fit to the sleeve. In some embodiments, the feed screw assembly further comprises a washer element about an opposite side of the bearing assembly as the spanner nut, wherein the washer element directly abuts the outer ring of the bearing assembly at a side of the outer ring opposite the spanner nut, and wherein the inner ring is separated from the washer by a gap.
In some embodiments, the feed screw shaft is an indexed shaft for insertion into an axle of a motor for driving the feed screw.
In some embodiments, the spanner nut includes an amount of compression between the spanner nut and the bearing assembly to reduce or prevent axial play along a longitudinal axis of the feed screw.
In some embodiments, the feed screw assembly further comprises a load washer between the spanner nut and the bearing assembly.
In some embodiments, the bearing assembly includes a tapered roller thrust bearing.
In another aspect, provided is a fluid dispense pump, comprising: a pump housing; a cartridge body positioned along an axis, the cartridge body comprising a chamber and a feed aperture extending through a surface of the cartridge body to the chamber; and a feed screw assembly in the chamber of the cartridge body. The feed screw assembly comprises a feed screw; a feed screw shaft extending from the feed screw; a spanner nut about the feed screw shaft, the spanner nut coupled to an end of the cartridge body for maintaining the feed screw along a longitudinal axis in the chamber of the cartridge body; and a bearing assembly about the feed screw shaft between the spanner nut and the feed screw. The bearing assembly includes an outer ring that directly abuts the spanner nut; and an inner ring that rotates inside and relative to the outer ring, wherein the inner ring is coupled to the feed screw shaft for rotating the feed screw about the longitudinal axis, and wherein the inner ring is separated from the spanner nut by a gap.
In some embodiments, the spanner nut is threaded for mating with a threaded interior region at the end of the cartridge body.
In some embodiments, the fluid dispense pump further comprises a fluid path from the feed aperture of the cartridge body to an outlet at a distal end of the feed screw.
In some embodiments, the outer ring is stationary in the chamber of the cartridge body, and the inner ring rotates the feed screw about the longitudinal axis in the chamber relative to the outer ring.
In some embodiments, the inner feed screw shaft, the inner ring, and the outer ring are concentric about the longitudinal axis.
In some embodiments, the fluid dispense pump further comprises a sleeve that is press-fit to the feed screw shaft, wherein the inner ring of the bearing drive is press-fit to the sleeve.
In some embodiments, the fluid dispense pump further comprises a washer element about an opposite side of the bearing assembly as the spanner nut, wherein the washer element directly abuts the outer ring of the bearing assembly, and wherein the inner ring is separated from the washer by a gap.
In some embodiments, the feed screw shaft is an indexed shaft for insertion into an axle of a motor for driving the feed screw.
In some embodiments, the cartridge assembly is removably coupled to a cartridge socket at a bottom portion of the pump housing.
In some embodiments, the fluid dispense pump further comprises a cartridge locking device constructed and arranged to secure the cartridge at the cartridge socket.
In some embodiments, the fluid dispense pump further comprised a motor coupled to the pump housing, the motor rotating the feed screw inside the cartridge assembly.
In some embodiments, the fluid dispense pump further comprises a load washer directly abutting the outer ring between the spanner nut and the bearing assembly.
In some embodiments, bearing assembly includes a tapered roller thrust bearing.
In another aspect, provided is a method for assembling a feed screw assembly for a fluid dispense pump, comprising: press-fitting a sleeve about a feed screw shaft; press-fitting a rotatable inner ring of a bearing assembly about the sleeve, the bearing assembly further comprising an outer ring, wherein the inner ring rotates inside and relative to the outer ring; and positioning a spanner nut about the feed screw shaft so that the outer ring directly abuts the spanner nut and the inner ring is separated from the spanner nut by a gap.
In another aspect, provided is a spanner nut assembly of a fluid dispense pump system, comprising: a spanner nut constructed and arranged for securing a feed screw inside a housing of the fluid dispense pump system; and a coil spring about the feed screw that reduces a source of axial play along a longitudinal axis of the feed screw during a fluid dispensing operation that includes a rotation of the feed screw about the longitudinal axis.
In another aspect, provided is a cartridge assembly of a fluid dispense pump system, comprising a cartridge body positioned along an axis, the cartridge body comprising a chamber and a feed aperture extending through a surface of the cartridge body to the chamber; a feed screw in the chamber of the cartridge body; a spanner nut about the feed screw shaft and coupled to an end of the cartridge body for maintaining the feed screw along a longitudinal axis in the chamber of the cartridge body; a bearing assembly about the feed screw shaft between the spanner nut and the feed screw; and a coil spring about the feed screw between the spanner nut and the bearing assembly that reduces a source of axial play along a longitudinal axis of the feed screw during a fluid dispensing operation that includes a rotation of the feed screw about the longitudinal axis.
The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of embodiments of the present inventive concepts will be apparent from the more particular description of preferred embodiments, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which like reference characters refer to the same elements throughout the different views. The drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating the principles of the preferred embodiments.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments and is not intended to be limiting of the inventive concepts. As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes” and/or “including,” when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, third etc. may be used herein to describe various limitations, elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections, these limitations, elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one limitation, element, component, region, layer or section from another limitation, element, component, region, layer or section. Thus, a first limitation, element, component, region, layer or section discussed below could be termed a second limitation, element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teachings of the present application.
It will be further understood that when an element is referred to as being “on” or “connected” or “coupled” to another element, it can be directly on or above, or connected or coupled to, the other element or intervening elements can be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly on” or “directly connected” or “directly coupled” to another element, there are no intervening elements present. Other words used to describe the relationship between elements should be interpreted in a like fashion (e.g., “between” versus “directly between,” “adjacent” versus “directly adjacent,” etc.). When an element is referred to herein as being “over” another element, it can be over or under the other element, and either directly coupled to the other element, or intervening elements may be present, or the elements may be spaced apart by a void or gap.
Contemporary dispense pumps typically include a feed screw that is disposed longitudinally through the center of a chamber of a pump housing and transports fluid material in Archimedes principle fashion from an inlet to a dispense needle attached to the housing outlet. A motor drives the feed screw to transfer the fluid material entering a chamber from the inlet to the dispense tip for output.
The ever-increasing demand for the micro volume dispensing of dot arrays, lines, and custom patterns in semiconductor packaging, electronics assembly, medical device, and electromechanical applications, or other related applications requires a pump that deposits precise volumes of fluid materials at dimensions acceptable for such applications.
Conventional pumps typically include a ring collar that is attached to an auger shaft. In configurations where the auger is housed in a cartridge which in turn is inserted into a pump housing, the collar is sandwiched between a threaded spanner nut that secures the feed screw auger inside the cartridge and a washer positioned about the auger. A gap or clearance is typically present between the collar and spanner nut to allow for an uninhibited rotation of the auger screw. However, the clearance provides for an excessive amount of radial and/or axial play at the collar, which can result in an undesirable “floating” movement of the feed screw inside the cartridge assembly which in turn can cause the threads of the feed screw during helical rotation to pass in front of the cartridge inlet in an inconsistent manner because of the vertical movement of the auger due to the clearance. This can contribute to the “balling” and clogging of material along the fluid path from the cartridge inlet to the dispense tip outlet. In addition, undesirable changes in pressure with respect to the transfer of material along the feed path from inlet to outlet may also occur. The foregoing may result in an inaccurate release of fluid material at the outlet, for example, imprecise fluid output patterns of periodic inconsistent volume dimensions during rotation of the feed screw in applications where precise material dispensing control and repeatability are paramount, such as electronic component manufacturing processes.
In some embodiments, the motor 42 is a brushless closed-loop AC or DC servo motor or related position-controlled motor. The motor 42 can alternatively be a stepper motor, a linear motor, or other motor known to those of ordinary skill in the art. The motor 42 includes a drive axle which operates to drive a helical feed screw 75 (shown in
The pump housing 50 comprises a machined or die cast body having an opening at a top portion for receiving an axle of the motor or optional transmission box. The interior of the housing 52 is hollow for receiving a cartridge assembly 58 that extends through the housing 50 from an opening at a bottom portion, upward to the top portion, where an indexed shaft 66 of the feed screw 75 interfaces with the motor drive axle or transmission box drive axle. The indexed shaft 66 is at an opposite end of the threaded feed screw 75, and, adapted to register with the axle of the motor 42 shown in
In some embodiments, a cartridge release lever 34 is rotatably mounted to the housing 50 and is operable to remove/insert the cartridge assembly 58 at the underside of the housing 50 as indicated by arrow 59. The housing 50 can be machined, die-cast, or otherwise formed from a single stock of material. The top portion of the pump housing 50 includes an opening for receiving the drive axle of the motor 42. A syringe 22 in a holder 20 and feed tube 40 are releasably coupled to a side wall of the housing 50, as shown. In some embodiments, the feed tube 40 is formed of a flexible material such as plastic or rubber, and has a first end of which elastically deforms to fit over the end of an outlet or other interface of the syringe 22 to form a tight seal with the syringe 22. The second end of the feed tube 40 inserts into an inlet 246, or feed aperture, formed in the cartridge assembly 58 (see
As shown in
In some embodiments, as shown in
In addition to the feed screw 75 and spanner nut 81, the feed screw assembly 70 in some embodiments includes a bearing assembly 82 positioned about a shaft 67 of the feed screw 75. The indexed portion 66 may be at a distal end of the shaft 67.
A center of the spanner nut 81 can include a hole 84 (see
In some embodiments, the spanner nut 81 is constructed and arranged to operate as a spring-loaded spanner nut, or otherwise formed of materials providing the spanner nut 81 with an inherent amount of elasticity, compressibility, or the like as compared to stainless steel or other hard materials, which reduces the amount of axial play along the longitudinal axis of the feed screw 75 during a fluid dispensing operation as compared to a configuration that includes an finite amount of axial clearance between the spanner nut 81 and the neighboring bearing 82, which can affect the accuracy of an output of fluid from the dispense pump. The presence of a spring-loaded spanner nut 81 allows a force to be applied by the spanner nut 81 directly abutting the bearing 82 to reduce axial play without impeding rotation of the feed screw 75.
In some embodiments, the feed screw assembly 70 also includes a washer element 83. In some embodiments, the bearing assembly 82 is sandwiched between the spanner nut 81 and the washer element 83. The washer element 83 is positioned against an interior surface of the cartridge assembly 58, in particular, a cavity, groove, or related seat 202 inside the cartridge assembly 58 (see for example
As shown in
The bearing assembly 82 is constructed and arranged so that that inner race 301 rotates inside the outer race 302, which is fixed in an axial direction relative to the cartridge assembly 58. Some force may be applied to widen the bore 305 radially so that inner race 301 in turn applies a force against the ball bearings 304 in a radial direction. The feed screw shaft 67 is bonded, press-fit or otherwise coupled to the bore 305 of the inner race 301 so that the feed screw shaft 67 rotates freely with the inner race 301 due to the separation of the inner race 301, or ring, from the outer race 302, or ring, by the cage 303 or other separator component. In some embodiments, the bore 305 has a diameter, circumference, or related dimension that is slightly less than that of the feed screw shaft 67 so that the shaft 67 is press-fit with respect to the inner race 301.
Referring again to
The bearing assembly 82 provides for significantly less radial and axial play than a conventional solid ring shaft collar. In particular, the bearing assembly 82 includes a ball-to-raceway conformity by way of the cage 303 as well as a rotational relationship between the inner race 301 and outer race 302 that impacts the ability of a ball bearings 304 in the cage 303 to support loads under a variety of conditions.
During operation, in particular, when the feed screw 75 rotates, the bearing assembly 82 is subjected to thrust loading or ball-to-raceway contact stress. However, the load is distributed over the number of balls 304 arranged in the cage 303. The radial forces applied from the inner race 301 in a direction of the cage 303 containing the balls 304 permits sufficient clearance between the inner 301 and outer 302 races while providing a relative axial movement of the inner ring 301 with respect to the outer ring 302 to provide minimal axial play along the longitudinal axis of the feed screw 75 during a fluid dispensing operation that includes a rotation of the feed screw 75 about the longitudinal axis.
As described above, the spanner nut 81 can be formed of a non-metal material having elasticity or compression characteristics that permits the spanner nut 81 to operate as a spring-loaded spanner nut. In some embodiments, a spring can be machined, molded, or otherwise integrally formed into a stock, which in turn forms at least a portion of the spanner nut 81. Here, the elasticity or related features are integral to the spanner nut 81. As shown in
In some embodiments, the inner diameter of the inner race 301 of the bearing assembly 82 may be too large as compared to the diameter of the feed screw shaft 67 in order for the shaft 67 to be press-fit, bonded, or otherwise tightly positioned in the bore 305 of the inner race 301. To address this, as shown in
In some embodiments, the cartridge assembly 58 includes a seat region. The inner race is press-fit or otherwise applied directly or bonded to the seat. As shown in
As previously described, the ball bearings 304 of the bearing assembly 82 are constructed and arranged to conform to the raceway 303 between the inner race 301 and outer race 302 to support an axial load across the bearing assembly 82 while allowing a maximum and frictionless axial movement of the inner race 301 with respect to the outer race 302. The axial end play, or gap (G) or clearance, is directly related to the radial play of the ball bearings 304. Any undesirable internal looseness can be removed by applying the axial preload, for example, by the shaft 67 and sleeve 78 providing a radial force from the inner diameter of the inner race 301 in a direction of the outer race 302. In some embodiments, the width of the gap (G) can be modified by applying shims, washers, or the like as part of the assembly process. In some embodiments a washer element 83 sandwiches the bearing assembly 82 between the spanner nut 81 and washer element 83. As shown in
In some embodiments, the spanner nut 81 is formed of plastic or other polymer material. In other embodiments, the spanner nut 81 is formed of one or more materials having rigidity properties that are greater than plastic or related polymer material, such as stainless steel. A stainless steel or high rigidity spanner nut 81 is beneficial for directly abutting the outer race 302 of the bearing assembly 82 during operation to provide an additional reduction in axial play of the feed screw 75 during an operation that includes a rotation of the feed screw 75.
As described above, the spanner nut 81 also includes a gap (Ga) that aligns with the inner race 301 of the bearing assembly 82 so that a clearance is present between the inner race 301 and the spanner nut 81 so that the inner race 301 to rotate in an uninterrupted manner at high RPMs relative to the spanner nut 81, which along with the outer race 302 is stationary. Accordingly a width of the spanner nut 81 at a region (A) constructed and arranged for directly abutting the outer race 302 of the bearing assembly 82 is greater than a width of the spanner nut 81 aligned with the inner race 302 such that a gap (Ga) is present between the inner race 302 and the spanner nut 81. In addition to the gap (Ga), the spanner nut 81 may include one or more holes or the like for providing further a further clearance or region of separation between the spanner nut 81 and the inner race 301 of the bearing assembly 82.
In some embodiments, the spanner nut 81 can include additional holes 95 for receiving a tool, which can aid in the assembly of the feed screw assembly 70 with respect to threading the spanner nut 81 in the threaded interior region of the cartridge assembly 58 with a predetermined compression between the spanner nut 81 and the bearing assembly 82 at abutting regions (A).
As shown in
As described herein, a bearing assembly of a feed screw assembly permits the feed screw to rotate in a desirable manner so that fluid material is dispensed from the outlet of the feed screw assembly at precise, consistent, and predetermined micro-volume dimensions. In doing so, the bearing assembly interacts with a threaded spanner nut and optionally one or more washers to reduce or eliminate the undesirable effect on such micro-volume dimensions caused by radial and/or axial play between the bearing assembly and the spanner nut.
Although various embodiments describe improvements to the spanner nut to achieve the foregoing, other embodiments include various rotary bearing configurations may contribute to such improvements in accurate dispensing of fluid from micro-volume dispense pumps or the like. For example,
A plurality of cylindrical or conical rollers 994 between inner ring 991 and outer ring 992, each having a tapered or pitched raceway that accommodates the conical surfaces so that the rollers 994 are tapered in a direction of the longitudinal axis of the feed screw 75 positioned in the bore 995 of the inner ring 991. In some embodiments, the inner ring 991 includes a set of ribs or a cage assembly with the rollers 994 that is removable from the outer ring 992. The rollers 20994 are guided by contact between the large end of the roller and a rib on the inner ring 991 facing the spanner nut while the smaller or tapered end of the roller faces the distal end of the feed screw assembly 970. An important feature is that the inner ring 991, outer ring 992, and feed screw 75 remain coaxial during rotation of the feed screw 75 and inner ring 991, which is suitable for greater load conditions than with ball bearings. Sufficient clearance is provided to 25 permit such rotation but also minimizing the clearance in view the desire for minimal axial play.
Additional details on the feed screw 1075, collar 1092, cartridge assembly 1058, and a needle nut 278 coupled to the cartridge assembly 1058 are similar to or the same as those described in other embodiments above, and are not repeated with respect to
In some embodiments, the coil spring 1086 or other elastic object has a first end positioned in a cavity or counterbore 1091 of the spanner nut 1081 and an axial force corresponding to a compression load with respect to the spring 1086 by the ring collar 1092 and/or load washer 1085 of the feed screw assembly 1075 at a second end of the spring 1186. As previously mentioned, the feed screw assembly 1075 includes an auger shaft 1066. The auger shaft 1066 can be are similar to or the same as those described in other embodiments above. Details of the auger shaft 1066 are therefore not repeated with respect to
In particular, as shown in
In some embodiments, the load washer 1085 is positioned between the spanner nut 1081 and the ring collar 1092. The load washer 1085 can be the same as or similar to the load washer 85 described with reference to
In some embodiments, the spring-loaded spanner nut assembly includes a standalone coil spring 1286 or other elastic object having a first end positioned in a cavity 1291 of the spanner nut 1281 and an axial force corresponding to a compression load with respect to the spring 1286 by the bearing 1282 or other element of the feed screw assembly 1275. Here, a combination of a closed-loop servo motor 42 (see
In some embodiments, a load washer 1285 is positioned between the spanner nut 1281 and bearing assembly 1282. Unlike the load washer 1085 in
While the present inventive concepts have been particularly shown and described above with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art, that various changes in form and detail can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present inventive concepts.
This application is related to U.S. Provisional Pat. Application No. 62/847,287, filed May 13, 2019, entitled “Micro-Volume Dispense Pump Systems and Methods,” and U.S. Provisional Pat. Application No. 62/971,311, filed Feb. 7, 2020, entitled “Micro-Volume Dispense Pump Systems and Methods,” the contents of each incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. This application is related to: U.S. Pat. No. 6,547,167 issued Apr. 15, 2003,U.S. Pat. No. 6,981,664 issued Jan. 3, 2006,U.S. Pat. No. 6,511,301 issued Jan. 28, 2003,U.S. Pat. No. 6,957,783 issued Oct. 25, 2005,U.S. Pat. No. 6,892,959 issued May 17, 2005,U.S. Pat. No. 6,983,867 issued Jan. 10, 2006,U.S. Pat. No. 7,331,482 issued Feb. 19, 2008,U.S. Pat. No. 8,707,559 issued Apr. 29, 2014,U.S. Pat. No. 8,864,055 issued Oct. 21, 2014, andU.S. Pat. No. 9,725,225 issued Aug. 8, 2017, the contents of each incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
248555 | Clarke | Oct 1881 | A |
537201 | Haldeman | Apr 1895 | A |
796256 | Sanders | Aug 1905 | A |
1038231 | Taylor et al. | Sep 1912 | A |
1345965 | Shute | Jul 1920 | A |
1397220 | Lord | Nov 1921 | A |
1453161 | Murphy et al. | Apr 1923 | A |
1458718 | Lord | Jun 1923 | A |
1593016 | Campbell | Jul 1926 | A |
1699236 | Goldrick | Jan 1929 | A |
1730099 | Tribbett | Oct 1929 | A |
1745382 | Rogers | Feb 1930 | A |
2054881 | Saunders | Sep 1936 | A |
2165398 | Mazzanobile | Jul 1939 | A |
2269823 | Kreiselman | Jan 1942 | A |
2287716 | Whitfield | Jun 1942 | A |
2410517 | Muller et al. | Nov 1946 | A |
2506657 | Webster | May 1950 | A |
2635016 | Doniak | Apr 1953 | A |
2656070 | Linder | Oct 1953 | A |
2729364 | Malko | Jan 1956 | A |
2751119 | Manning Sr. | Jun 1956 | A |
2834520 | Nyden | May 1958 | A |
2855929 | Hein Jr. | Oct 1958 | A |
2901153 | Collins | Aug 1959 | A |
2906492 | Conrad | Sep 1959 | A |
2933259 | Raskin | Apr 1960 | A |
3072302 | Giovannoni et al. | Jan 1963 | A |
3330294 | Manning et al. | Jul 1967 | A |
3342205 | Quinto | Sep 1967 | A |
3344647 | Berger | Oct 1967 | A |
3355766 | Causemann | Dec 1967 | A |
3379196 | Mitchell | Apr 1968 | A |
3394659 | Van Alen | Jul 1968 | A |
3473557 | Loe | Oct 1969 | A |
3507584 | Robbins Jr. | Apr 1970 | A |
3545479 | Loe | Dec 1970 | A |
3618993 | Platte | Nov 1971 | A |
3693884 | Snodgrass et al. | Sep 1972 | A |
3732731 | Fussell Jr. | May 1973 | A |
3732734 | Avakian | May 1973 | A |
3734635 | Blach et al. | May 1973 | A |
3756730 | Spatz | Sep 1973 | A |
3771476 | Heinle | Nov 1973 | A |
3790128 | Hempelmann et al. | Feb 1974 | A |
3811601 | Reighard et al. | May 1974 | A |
3865281 | Byrd et al. | Feb 1975 | A |
3938492 | Mercer Jr. | Feb 1976 | A |
3945569 | Sperry | Mar 1976 | A |
3963151 | North Jr. | Jun 1976 | A |
3963884 | Pollock | Jun 1976 | A |
3985032 | Avakian | Oct 1976 | A |
4004715 | Williams et al. | Jan 1977 | A |
4040875 | Noble | Aug 1977 | A |
4042201 | O'Callaghan | Aug 1977 | A |
4072330 | Brysch | Feb 1978 | A |
4077180 | Agent et al. | Mar 1978 | A |
4116766 | Poindexter et al. | Sep 1978 | A |
4168942 | Firth | Sep 1979 | A |
4239462 | Dach et al. | Dec 1980 | A |
4258862 | Thorsheim | Mar 1981 | A |
4312630 | Travaglini | Jan 1982 | A |
4338925 | Miller | Jul 1982 | A |
4339840 | Monson | Jul 1982 | A |
4341329 | Kuemmerer et al. | Jul 1982 | A |
4346849 | Rood | Aug 1982 | A |
4377894 | Yoshida | Mar 1983 | A |
4386483 | Schlaefli | Jun 1983 | A |
4397407 | Skoupi et al. | Aug 1983 | A |
4400708 | Sachs | Aug 1983 | A |
4408699 | Stock | Oct 1983 | A |
4454745 | Cudini | Jun 1984 | A |
4465212 | Boone | Aug 1984 | A |
4471890 | Dougherty | Sep 1984 | A |
4513190 | Ellett et al. | Apr 1985 | A |
4523741 | Chandler | Jun 1985 | A |
4572103 | Engel | Feb 1986 | A |
4579286 | Stoudt | Apr 1986 | A |
4584964 | Engel | Apr 1986 | A |
4607766 | Jones | Aug 1986 | A |
4610377 | Rasmussen | Sep 1986 | A |
4629099 | Jones | Dec 1986 | A |
4673109 | Cassia | Jun 1987 | A |
4705218 | Daniels | Nov 1987 | A |
4705611 | Grimes et al. | Nov 1987 | A |
4729544 | Baumann | Mar 1988 | A |
4743243 | Vaillancourt | May 1988 | A |
4763755 | Murray | Aug 1988 | A |
4785996 | Ziecker et al. | Nov 1988 | A |
4803124 | Kunz | Feb 1989 | A |
4836422 | Rosenberg | Jun 1989 | A |
4859073 | Howseman et al. | Aug 1989 | A |
4917274 | Asa et al. | Apr 1990 | A |
4919204 | Baker et al. | Apr 1990 | A |
4935015 | Hall | Jun 1990 | A |
4941428 | Engel | Jul 1990 | A |
4969602 | Scholl | Nov 1990 | A |
4974755 | Sonntag | Dec 1990 | A |
5002228 | Su | Mar 1991 | A |
5010930 | Columbus | Apr 1991 | A |
5052591 | Divall et al. | Oct 1991 | A |
5065910 | Fiedler | Nov 1991 | A |
5090814 | Petcen | Feb 1992 | A |
5106291 | Gellert | Apr 1992 | A |
5130710 | Salazar | Jul 1992 | A |
5148946 | Mizuta et al. | Sep 1992 | A |
5161427 | Fukuda et al. | Nov 1992 | A |
5172833 | Faulkner, III | Dec 1992 | A |
5176803 | Barbuto et al. | Jan 1993 | A |
5177901 | Smith | Jan 1993 | A |
5186886 | Zerinvary et al. | Feb 1993 | A |
RE34197 | Engel | Mar 1993 | E |
5199169 | Bonzak | Apr 1993 | A |
5217154 | Elwood et al. | Jun 1993 | A |
5226625 | Hanna | Jul 1993 | A |
5236162 | Desjardins | Aug 1993 | A |
5261610 | Waryu et al. | Nov 1993 | A |
5265773 | Harada | Nov 1993 | A |
5287762 | Bonzak | Feb 1994 | A |
5344052 | Divall et al. | Sep 1994 | A |
5348453 | Baran et al. | Sep 1994 | A |
5375743 | Soudan | Dec 1994 | A |
5407101 | Hubbard | Apr 1995 | A |
5452824 | Danek et al. | Sep 1995 | A |
5535919 | Ganzer et al. | Jul 1996 | A |
5553742 | Maruyama et al. | Sep 1996 | A |
5564606 | Engel | Oct 1996 | A |
5567300 | Datta et al. | Oct 1996 | A |
5569934 | Fujii et al. | Oct 1996 | A |
5624045 | Highsmith et al. | Apr 1997 | A |
5637815 | Takahata et al. | Jun 1997 | A |
5685853 | Bonnet | Nov 1997 | A |
5699934 | Kolcun et al. | Dec 1997 | A |
5765730 | Richter | Jun 1998 | A |
5785068 | Sasaki et al. | Jul 1998 | A |
5795390 | Cavallaro | Aug 1998 | A |
5803661 | Lemelson | Sep 1998 | A |
5814022 | Antanavich et al. | Sep 1998 | A |
5819983 | White et al. | Oct 1998 | A |
5823747 | Ciavarini et al. | Oct 1998 | A |
5833851 | Adams et al. | Nov 1998 | A |
5837892 | Cavallaro et al. | Nov 1998 | A |
5886494 | Prentice et al. | Mar 1999 | A |
5903125 | Prentice et al. | May 1999 | A |
5904377 | Throup | May 1999 | A |
5918648 | Carr et al. | Jul 1999 | A |
5925187 | Freeman et al. | Jul 1999 | A |
5927560 | Lewis et al. | Jul 1999 | A |
5931355 | Jefferson | Aug 1999 | A |
5947022 | Freeman et al. | Sep 1999 | A |
5947509 | Ricks et al. | Sep 1999 | A |
5957343 | Cavallaro | Sep 1999 | A |
5964378 | Sperry et al. | Oct 1999 | A |
5971227 | White et al. | Oct 1999 | A |
5984147 | Van Ngo | Nov 1999 | A |
5985029 | Purcell | Nov 1999 | A |
5985206 | Zabala et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
5985216 | Rens et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
5988530 | Rockefeller | Nov 1999 | A |
5992688 | Lewis et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
5992704 | Jaeger-Waldau | Nov 1999 | A |
5993183 | Laskaris et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
5995788 | Baek | Nov 1999 | A |
6007631 | Prentice et al. | Dec 1999 | A |
6017392 | Cavallaro | Jan 2000 | A |
6025689 | Prentice et al. | Feb 2000 | A |
6068202 | Hynes et al. | May 2000 | A |
6082289 | Cavallaro | Jul 2000 | A |
6085943 | Cavallaro et al. | Jul 2000 | A |
6088892 | Bertsch et al. | Jul 2000 | A |
6093251 | Carr et al. | Jul 2000 | A |
6112588 | Cavallaro et al. | Sep 2000 | A |
6119566 | Yan et al. | Sep 2000 | A |
6119895 | Fugere et al. | Sep 2000 | A |
6123167 | Miller et al. | Sep 2000 | A |
6126039 | Cline et al. | Oct 2000 | A |
6132396 | Antanavich et al. | Oct 2000 | A |
6157157 | Prentice et al. | Dec 2000 | A |
6196477 | Halltorp et al. | Mar 2001 | B1 |
6196521 | Hynes et al. | Mar 2001 | B1 |
6199566 | Gazewood | Mar 2001 | B1 |
6206964 | Purcell et al. | Mar 2001 | B1 |
6207220 | Doyle et al. | Mar 2001 | B1 |
6214117 | Prentice et al. | Apr 2001 | B1 |
6216917 | Crouch | Apr 2001 | B1 |
6224671 | Cavallaro | May 2001 | B1 |
6224675 | Prentice et al. | May 2001 | B1 |
6234358 | Romine et al. | May 2001 | B1 |
6234858 | Nix | May 2001 | B1 |
6250515 | Newbold et al. | Jun 2001 | B1 |
6253957 | Messerly et al. | Jul 2001 | B1 |
6253972 | Devito et al. | Jul 2001 | B1 |
6257444 | Everett | Jul 2001 | B1 |
6258165 | Cavallaro | Jul 2001 | B1 |
6291016 | Donges et al. | Sep 2001 | B1 |
6299031 | Cavallaro et al. | Oct 2001 | B1 |
6299078 | Fugere | Oct 2001 | B1 |
6311740 | Sperry et al. | Nov 2001 | B1 |
6322854 | Purcell et al. | Nov 2001 | B1 |
6324973 | Rossmeisl et al. | Dec 2001 | B2 |
6354471 | Fujii | Mar 2002 | B2 |
6371339 | White et al. | Apr 2002 | B1 |
6378737 | Cavallaro et al. | Apr 2002 | B1 |
6383292 | Brand et al. | May 2002 | B1 |
6386396 | Strecker | May 2002 | B1 |
6391378 | Carr et al. | May 2002 | B1 |
6395334 | Prentice et al. | May 2002 | B1 |
6412328 | Cavallaro et al. | Jul 2002 | B1 |
6428852 | Pillion et al. | Aug 2002 | B1 |
6453810 | Rossmeisl et al. | Sep 2002 | B1 |
6511301 | Fugere | Jan 2003 | B1 |
6514569 | Crouch | Feb 2003 | B1 |
6540832 | Cavallaro | Apr 2003 | B2 |
6541063 | Prentice et al. | Apr 2003 | B1 |
6547167 | Fugere | Apr 2003 | B1 |
6562406 | Chikahisa et al. | May 2003 | B1 |
6581906 | Pott et al. | Jun 2003 | B2 |
6609902 | Blais et al. | Aug 2003 | B1 |
6619198 | Rossmeisl et al. | Sep 2003 | B2 |
6626097 | Rossmeisl et al. | Sep 2003 | B2 |
6644517 | Thiel et al. | Nov 2003 | B2 |
6719174 | Swift | Apr 2004 | B1 |
6729507 | Nagahata et al. | May 2004 | B2 |
6736900 | Isogai et al. | May 2004 | B2 |
6739483 | White et al. | May 2004 | B2 |
6775879 | Bibeault et al. | Aug 2004 | B2 |
6803661 | Thakar et al. | Oct 2004 | B2 |
6828167 | Kim | Dec 2004 | B2 |
6832733 | Engel | Dec 2004 | B2 |
6851923 | Fugere | Feb 2005 | B1 |
6866881 | Prentice et al. | Mar 2005 | B2 |
6886720 | Penn | May 2005 | B2 |
6892959 | Fugere | May 2005 | B1 |
6896202 | Fugere | May 2005 | B1 |
6957783 | Fugere | Oct 2005 | B1 |
6981664 | Fugere | Jan 2006 | B1 |
6983867 | Fugere | Jan 2006 | B1 |
6994234 | de Leeuw | Feb 2006 | B2 |
7000853 | Fugere | Feb 2006 | B2 |
7018477 | Engel | Mar 2006 | B2 |
7028867 | Acum et al. | Apr 2006 | B2 |
7128731 | Aramata et al. | Oct 2006 | B2 |
7176746 | Wang et al. | Feb 2007 | B1 |
7178745 | Fugere | Feb 2007 | B1 |
7190891 | Verrilli et al. | Mar 2007 | B2 |
7207498 | Fugere | Apr 2007 | B1 |
7231716 | Verilli | Jun 2007 | B2 |
7293691 | Rossmeisl et al. | Nov 2007 | B2 |
7325994 | Liberatore | Feb 2008 | B2 |
7331482 | Fugere | Feb 2008 | B1 |
7434753 | Verrilli | Oct 2008 | B2 |
RE40539 | Fugere | Oct 2008 | E |
7448857 | Fugere | Nov 2008 | B1 |
7614529 | Bolyard et al. | Nov 2009 | B2 |
7677417 | Leiner et al. | Mar 2010 | B2 |
7694857 | Fugere | Apr 2010 | B1 |
7744022 | Fugere | Jun 2010 | B1 |
7762088 | Fiske et al. | Jul 2010 | B2 |
7762480 | Fugere | Jul 2010 | B1 |
7874456 | Bolyard, Jr. et al. | Jan 2011 | B2 |
7905945 | Fugere | Mar 2011 | B1 |
7997446 | Engel | Aug 2011 | B2 |
8056833 | Fugere | Nov 2011 | B1 |
8197582 | Fugere | Jun 2012 | B1 |
8220669 | Fugere | Jul 2012 | B1 |
8220699 | Dong et al. | Jul 2012 | B2 |
8240335 | Broberg et al. | Aug 2012 | B1 |
8281963 | Liu | Oct 2012 | B2 |
8353429 | Zhou et al. | Jan 2013 | B2 |
8448818 | Ikushima | May 2013 | B2 |
8480015 | Fugere | Jul 2013 | B1 |
8561842 | Pizzacalla et al. | Oct 2013 | B2 |
8690084 | Fugere | Apr 2014 | B1 |
8701946 | Fugere | Apr 2014 | B1 |
8707559 | Fugere | Apr 2014 | B1 |
8864055 | Fugere | Oct 2014 | B2 |
9108215 | Fugere | Aug 2015 | B1 |
9180482 | Fugere | Nov 2015 | B1 |
9228582 | Fugere | Jan 2016 | B1 |
9486830 | Fugere | Nov 2016 | B1 |
9725225 | Fugere | Aug 2017 | B1 |
9833807 | Fugere | Dec 2017 | B2 |
9833808 | Fugere | Dec 2017 | B1 |
10105729 | Fugere | Oct 2018 | B1 |
10370172 | Fugere | Aug 2019 | B1 |
10583454 | Fugere | Mar 2020 | B1 |
10722914 | Fugere | Jul 2020 | B1 |
11059654 | Fugere | Jul 2021 | B1 |
11292025 | Fugere | Apr 2022 | B1 |
20010011506 | Rossmeisl et al. | Aug 2001 | A1 |
20010020629 | Fujii | Sep 2001 | A1 |
20010020787 | Pott et al. | Sep 2001 | A1 |
20020007227 | Prentice et al. | Jan 2002 | A1 |
20020007741 | Rossmeisl et al. | Jan 2002 | A1 |
20020008118 | Cavallaro | Jan 2002 | A1 |
20020020350 | Prentice et al. | Feb 2002 | A1 |
20020084290 | Materna | Jul 2002 | A1 |
20020088269 | Cavallaro et al. | Jul 2002 | A1 |
20030000462 | Prentice et al. | Jan 2003 | A1 |
20030038190 | Newbold et al. | Feb 2003 | A1 |
20030066546 | Bibeault et al. | Apr 2003 | A1 |
20030071149 | Verilli | Apr 2003 | A1 |
20030084845 | Prentice et al. | May 2003 | A1 |
20030091727 | Prentice et al. | May 2003 | A1 |
20030097941 | Rossmeisl et al. | May 2003 | A1 |
20030125671 | Aramata et al. | Jul 2003 | A1 |
20030132243 | Engel | Jul 2003 | A1 |
20030132443 | Kim | Jul 2003 | A1 |
20030155384 | Nagahata et al. | Aug 2003 | A1 |
20040089228 | Prentice et al. | May 2004 | A1 |
20040140371 | Engel | Jul 2004 | A1 |
20040142099 | Rossmeisl et al. | Jul 2004 | A1 |
20040195278 | Leeuw | Oct 2004 | A1 |
20040245673 | Allsop | Dec 2004 | A1 |
20050072815 | Carew et al. | Apr 2005 | A1 |
20050095365 | Acum et al. | May 2005 | A1 |
20050103886 | Verrilli | May 2005 | A1 |
20050135869 | Liberatore | Jun 2005 | A1 |
20050158042 | Verrilli | Jul 2005 | A1 |
20060037972 | Leiner et al. | Feb 2006 | A1 |
20060157517 | Fiske et al. | Jul 2006 | A1 |
20060278666 | Wang et al. | Dec 2006 | A1 |
20070267450 | Bolyard et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
20090095825 | Ahmadi et al. | Apr 2009 | A1 |
20090266840 | Brand et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
20100276522 | Fugere | Nov 2010 | A1 |
20100294810 | Ikushima | Nov 2010 | A1 |
20110095056 | Liu | Apr 2011 | A1 |
20110315906 | Ohuchi et al. | Dec 2011 | A1 |
20120048888 | Pizzacalla et al. | Mar 2012 | A1 |
20130105597 | Dunlap et al. | May 2013 | A1 |
20140319402 | Gatten | Oct 2014 | A1 |
20160082468 | Fugere | Mar 2016 | A1 |
20200109746 | Risko Cattell et al. | Apr 2020 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
0110591 | Jun 1984 | EP |
0552488 | Jul 1993 | EP |
0001495 | Jan 2000 | WO |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
62971311 | Feb 2020 | US | |
62847287 | May 2019 | US |