Microbial production of cis-dihydrodiol and phenol derivatives of benzocyclobutene

Abstract

A process for microbial conversion of benzocyclobutene to the corresponding 3,4-dihydrodiol followed by acid catalyzed dehydration to 4-hydroxybenzocyclobutene.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to the bioconversion of benzocyclobutene (BCB) to the 3,4-cis-dihydrodiol compound and the subsequent acid-catalyzed dehydration to form the 4-hydroxybenzocyclobutene compound. These novel compounds have utility as intermediates for the production of polymers.

2. Description of the Related Art

Formation of cis-dihydrodiols from various aromatic hydrocarbons by bacteria has been described by D. T. Gibson et al., Biochemistry, Vol. 9, No. 7, 1973, p. 1626.sup.+ and p. 1631.sup.+, and Vol. 12, No. 8, 1973, p. 1520.sup.+. A cis-dihydrodiol intermediate has been found to be a common metabolite in the bacterial degradation of a variety of aromatic hydrocarbons, including benzene, toluene, naphthalene, biphenyl, ethylbenzene, benzoic acid, phthalic acid, anthracene and phenanthrene. U.S. Pat. No. 4,508,822 discloses the preparation of dihydrodiols of the general formula: ##STR1## where R and R' are substituents which may be the same or different, such as halogen, alkyl and the like. Generally, such dihydrodiols are of the 2,3-dihydrodiol configuration. That is, the hydroxy groups are introduced directly adjacent to the ring substituent R. The only known exception to this general rule is the 4,5-dihydrodiol formed by some bacteria in the degradation of phthalic acid.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,520,103 describes the formation of the 2,3-dihydrodiol of indole as an intermediate in the production of indigo.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the formation of a dihydrodiol resulting from bacterial biconversion of the aromatic hydrocarbon benzocyclobutene. Mutant strains of Rhodococcus organisms capable of converting benzocyclobutene to the 3,4-dihydrodiol have been developed. The growth of the mutant strain in the presence of benzocyclobutene results in the production of the 3,4-dihydrodiol intermediate of benzocyclobutene. Acid-catalyzed dehydration of the 3,4-dihydrodiol compound results in formation of 4-hydroxybenzocyclobutene. The corresponding sequential reactions are outlined below.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Organisms capable of growth on a variety of aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and o-xylene were isolated from the environment by selective culture. Certain of the resulting isolates were found to partially metabolize benzocyclobutene to a mixture of dead-end metabolites, but were not able to grow on benzocyclobutene. Mutants lacking a functional diol dehydrogenase were obtained by mutagenesis with N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, followed by ampicillin/cycloserine enrichments for mutants unable to grow on toluene. Diol dehydrogenase deficient mutants were identified by the accumulation of dihydrodiols upon exposure to various aromatic hydrocarbons.

The mutant, 75-2, derived from a Rhodococcus isolate 75 WT, converts benzocyclobutene to the corresponding 3,4-dihydrodiol compound. The dihydrodiol at a concentration of 200 to 4,000 parts per million in aqueous solution is dehydrated by addition of a mineral acid such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid to a concentration of 0.1N to 8N, preferably 1.0 to 5N, at a temperature of 20.degree. to 50.degree. C. for 15 minutes to 20 hours, preferably 1 to 10 hours. The resulting phenols can be recovered such as by extraction with water immiscible, polar organic solvents, such as ethyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, or the like. Generally over 95% of the recovered phenols are 4-hydroxybenzocyclobutene with the balance 3-hydroxybenzocyclobutene.

EXAMPLE

Rhodococcus strain 75-2 American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 55201 is grown in baffled 125 ml Erlenmeyer flasks on a minimal salts medium with succinate at 1.0 wt %. Benzocyclobutene is supplied as a vapor to the culture. After 24 hours incubation on a rotary shaker at 150 rpm and 30.degree. C., the culture is acidified with HCl to a concentration of 1.0N, and held at room temperature for 4 hours. The broth is then extracted with an equal volume of ethyl acetate and analyzed for phenols by gas chromatography. The 4-hydroxybenzocyclobutene was present at 235 ppm, the 3-hydroxybenzocyclobutene at 7 ppm.

Claims

1. A dihydrodiol of the formula ##STR3##