Patent Application
20130208343
The present invention is directed to microcup designs for electrophoretic displays, aiming to both reduce noticeable defects of display images and avoid Moirè.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,930,818 discloses an electrophoretic display based on the microcup technology. The patent describes the manufacture of microcups as display cells, by microembossing or imagewise exposure. The microcups are then filled with an electrophoretic fluid comprising charged pigment particles dispersed in a solvent or solvent mixture.
The top openings of the microcups traditionally may have the same size and shape and such microcups spread across the entire display surface. For example, all of the microcups may have a top opening of a square shape or all of the microcups may have a top opening of a hexagonal shape, on the viewing side.
For this traditional type of design, because the microcups are not randomized, the Moiré pattern can occur when the microcup film is laminated to a TFT backplane which also has a repeatable regular pattern. If a color filter is utilized in such a display device, the Moiré pattern is even more severe because the color filter also has a repeatable regular pattern.
By rotating the microcups to a less severe angle, the Moiré phenomenon may be reduced. However, such structural changes could reduce the cutting yield and also because the rotation angle must be precise, it could increase the processing cost.
a)-5(c) illustrate an alternative aspect of the present invention.
One aspect of the present invention is directed to an electrophoretic display film comprising
In one embodiment, the remaining microcups take up at least 30% of the total number of microcups. In another embodiment, the remaining microcups take up at least 50% of the total number of microcups.
In one embodiment, the microcups of (b) are randomly interspersed among the microcups of (a).
In one embodiment, the microcups of (b) are formed by removing partition walls of a predetermined number of microcups of (a), and replacing the removed partition walls with new partition walls.
In another embodiment, the microcups of (b) are formed by independently shifting each of the apex points in a predetermined number of microcups of (a) within a defined area, and reconnecting the shifted apex points.
In one embodiment, the defined area is a circle. In one embodiment, an apex points are independently shifted by Δx in the X direction and Ay in the Y direction. In one embodiment, the absolute value of Δx or Δy does not exceed the radius of a circle as the defined area.
In one embodiment, an electrophoretic display film comprises microcups wherein all microcups have individually different shapes.
A further aspect of the invention is directed to an electrophoretic display comprising microcups wherein at least one of the microcups comprises a wavy partition wall.
In one embodiment, pitches of the wavy partition walls are different.
In one embodiment, amplitudes of the wavy partition walls are different.
In one embodiment, pitches of the wavy partition walls are different and amplitudes of the wavy partition walls are the same.
In one embodiment, amplitudes of the wavy partition walls are different and pitches of the wavy partition walls are the same.
In one embodiment, amplitudes of the wavy partition walls are different and pitches of the wavy partition walls are different.
In one embodiment, at least one of the microcups has a square opening and at least one set of the parallel partition walls is wavy.
In one embodiment, at least one of the microcups has a hexagonal opening and at least one set of the parallel partition walls is wavy.
In one embodiment, the wavy partition wall has a pitch ranging from 5 um-2000 um
In one embodiment, the wavy partition wall has an amplitude ranging from 0.1 um to 20 um.
The present invention is directed to minimize the Moiré pattern or visual defects in a display device by randomizing the shapes of microcups or partition walls of microcups.
The term “shape”, in the present invention, refers to the shape of the top opening of a microcup, on the viewing side. For example, a microcup may have a square opening (i.e., square shape) as shown in
In one aspect of the present invention, the microcups may be randomized by removing partition walls (dotted lines) of microcups having the same shape and replacing the removed partition walls with new partition walls (solid dark lines), as shown in
Starting with all microcups having the same size and shape, it is preferred that at least 10%, and more preferred that at least 30%, of the microcups are altered in this method. In addition, the altered microcups are preferably randomly interspersed among the unaltered microcups.
As to which partition walls to remove and where to add new partition walls, one criterion is that in the final design, the fill factor must be substantially maintained. More specifically, the fill factor of the altered microcup-based film can not be altered by more than 30% of that of the original microcup-based film having microcups having the same size and shape.
The fill factor is determined by the area other than the wall area divided by the entire area. As shown in
In another aspect, the shapes of the microcups may be randomized as shown in
In
When the defined area is a circle as shown, Δx or Δy is greater than zero; but its absolute value cannot exceed the radium of the circle.
An example is given here to illustrate this method. It is assumed that an original arrangement has regular hexagon-shaped microcups which have a nominal pitch of 100 μm. The term “nominal pitch” is intended for the original X and Y coordinates of a regular hexagon-shaped microcup.
In this example, it is further assumed that the absolute values of both Ax and Δy range between 10 μm and 25 μm, which means that the original apex point may move a distance of at least 10 μm but not exceeding 25 μm in either the X or the Y direction. As stated above, the Ax and Ay may be positive or negative, depending on the direction of the shift.
After shifting, the apex points are then reconnected.
This method is carried out with the aid of a computer program, such as CAD or equivalent by feeding the predetermined parameters into the program. The randomized microcups resulted from this example are shown in
Since the sum of Δx for all apex points should be substantially zero, the nominal pitch of the resulting microcups remains to be about 100 μm, on average. This also applies to Δy. The fill factor will also remain substantially the same before and after randomization.
It is also noted that greater Δx or Δy would result in a higher degree of randomness in the altered microcups. The maximum of Δx or Δy should be controlled to be no greater than the original side length of a hexagon, preferably no greater than 50% of the original side length of the hexagon.
This method can be applied to microcups of other shapes, such as square, triangle or octagon.
a shows a microcup-based film in which the microcups having the same hexagon shape are laminated to a TFT backplane. In this case, a Moirè pattern is visible.
A further aspect of the present invention is directed to altering the partition walls of the microcups.
This alteration only occurs on the X/Y plane; but not on the Z axis, which means the height of the microcup walls will be kept unchanged.
For illustration purpose, there is a vertical reference line (92) which intersects the wavy wall (91) at four points, “a”, “b”, “c” and “d”. The distance between point “a” and “b” is a first pitch P1; the distance between point “b” and “c” is a second pitch P2; and the distance between point “c” and “d” is a third pitch P3. In the context of the present invention, P1, P2 and P3 are preferably different. In another embodiment, at least two of them may be equal.
Another parameter defining the wavy microcup wall is the amplitude, which is the distance between the reference line 92 and the outer-most point on a curvature in the wavy wall 91. As shown in
In one embodiment, the pitches P1=P2=P3 and A≠A′≠A″. In another embodiment, A=A′=A″ and P1≠P2≠P3. In a further embodiment, P1≠P2≠P3 and A≠A′≠A″.
Some of the partition walls are shown to be wavy in a top view in
In the present design, the pitch could be ranged from 5 um-2000 um, while amplitude could be varied from 0.1 um to 20 um. The pitch and the amplitude, as explained above, may be independently varied.
In one embodiment of the present design, the wavy walls only occur in one axis. However they may also occur in both axes.
The top opening of the microcups may be hexagonal or any other shapes.
The designs of the present invention may reduce the Moiré pattern. In addition, the randomized microcups or wavy partition walls will result in a fuzzy appearance that the regular shaped microcups do not have, and therefore any small defects (such as scratch or dust) are less noticeable.
The microcups of the present invention may be manufactured by the microembossing process described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,930,818, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. The formed microcups may then be filled and sealed also according to disclosures in this US patent.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the specific embodiments thereof, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation, materials, compositions, processes, process step or steps, to the objective and scope of the present invention. All such modifications are intended to be within the scope of the claims appended hereto.
This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/598,725, filed Feb. 14, 2012; the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61598725 | Feb 2012 | US |
