Patent Grant
9543898
The present disclosure relates to a microwave amplifier used in high-frequency bands such as microwave and millimetric wave bands using an active element. The present disclosure further relates to a microwave amplifier in which a plurality of communication carriers having different frequencies is simultaneously input.
For microwave amplifiers used in communication-related applications, there are instances in which a plurality of communication carriers having different frequencies in a fixed operating band is input simultaneously. However, for microwave amplifiers, mutual interaction may occur between a plurality of communication carriers due to the generation of a beat signal between the plurality of communication carriers with different frequencies.
Patent Literature 1, for example, proposes a microwave amplifier which has a good distortion characteristic even when many communication carrier frequencies are included in a microwave signal configured to be amplified. For the microwave amplifier in Patent Literature 1, a filter circuit which becomes a high impedance with the communication carrier frequency of a microwave signal and becomes a low impedance with the frequency of a beat signal that is generated from a plurality of communication carrier frequencies is connected to a drain of a field effect transistor (FET). Further, a capacitor which short-circuits a beat signal is connected between the other end and a ground (GND).
Also, Patent Literature 2, discloses about reducing significantly the gain in low frequency bands which causes a problem when amplifying a plurality of communication carriers of a microwave amplifier, and reducing low frequency components on the input and output side of an amplifier. In the microwave amplifier of Patent Literature 2, ends of bias supply lines having predetermined lengths are connected to a connecting point of a microwave amplifier circuit having a semiconductor element and an input side transmission line, and to a connecting point of the microwave amplifier circuit and an output side transmission line respectively. Capacitors are connected to other ends of the bias supply lines, respectively. A parallel circuit consisting of a resistor and a capacitor is loaded between the connecting point of the input side bias circuit to the input side transmission line and the input terminal of the microwave amplifier circuit.
It is known that, in microwave amplifiers, a resistor is added to a bias supply circuit in order to reduce ultra-high frequency power losses and stabilize operation of semiconductor elements at low frequencies. In Patent Literature 3, for example, the ultra-high frequency semiconductor circuit is configured to be provided with a capacitor in parallel with a resistor in a bias circuit, the capacitor having a sufficiently small reactance at an ultra-high frequency in the vicinity of the necessary frequency and having a large reactance at a low frequency.
Patent Literature 1: Unexamined Japanese Patent Application Kokai Publication No. H11-136045
Patent Literature 2: Unexamined Japanese Patent Application Kokai Publication No. H11-41042
Patent Literature 3: Unexamined Japanese Patent Application Kokai Publication No. S62-209909
The microwave amplifier in Patent Literature 1 uses an LC resonant circuit and suppresses mutual interaction between a plurality of communication carriers by lowering the impedance observed from the amplifier in a frequency of a beat signal that is generated between a plurality of frequencies. However, in a method described in Patent Literature 1, because an LC resonant circuit is used, inductance component exists that contribute to the electrical length even in a low frequency region, so there are cases in which low impedance at a specific frequency is achievable, conversely, impedance increases for a frequency in the expanded operating frequency band.
Due to this effect, when a plurality of communication carriers is input in a microwave amplifier under wideband operational conditions, an increase in mutual influence between communication carriers in a frequency condition of a specific beat signal has led to problems in performance degradation including gain drops, increases in the amount of distortion and the like.
The objective in Patent Literature 2, is to suppress gain in response to an input signal of a low frequency region which is not a remedy for addressing performance degradation including gain drops and increases in the amount of distortion due to mutual influence between communication carriers. Patent Literature 2, moreover, has a drawback of increasing consumption of direct current power because a resistor is added in series in the power source supply circuit.
The ultra-high frequency semiconductor circuit in Patent Literature 3 can prevent unstable operations such as oscillation of the amplifier due to external disturbances (noise and the like), feedback, and the like because gain of the ultra-high frequency semiconductor circuit can be reduced in a low frequency at which gain of a field effect transistor (FET) itself is high. However, since the beat signal is generated on the output side of the active element, the techniques in Patent Literature 3 are not sufficient for suppressing the influence of the beat signal.
This disclosure is made in order to solve the aforementioned type of problems, and thus the objective of the disclosure is to suppress extreme performance degradation caused by frequency relationship of a specific beat signal even when a plurality of communication carriers is input in a wideband.
In order to achieve the aforementioned objective, the microwave amplifier set forth in view of the present disclosure is a microwave amplifier for amplifying a microwave signal using an active element, that includes a bias circuit that includes a line having an electrical length of one quarter the wavelength at the frequency configured to be amplified by the microwave amplifier and being connected between the output terminal of the active element and a bias voltage source, and a first capacitor element connected between a terminal where the line is connected to the bias voltage source and a ground that defines a reference potential of the microwave amplifier; and a resonant circuit that includes a resistor and a second capacitor element, the resistor and the second capacitor element connected in series between the ground and the terminal where the line is connected to the bias voltage source.
According to the present disclosure, even when a plurality of communication carriers is input at any frequency in a wideband, mutual interaction between communication carriers is suppressed, thus making stable operation possible without being influenced by the number of input communication carriers or the frequency relationship between communication carriers.
Hereinafter, mutual interaction between communication carriers when a plurality of communication carriers is input in a microwave amplifier at a plurality of frequencies is described.
With this configuration, ideally, DC power can be supplied from the bias voltage source 13 without imposing on the amplifier 11 losses of frequencies of communication carriers. An open stub for indicating being short-circuited with respect to a communication band can be used in place of the capacitor 14, and an inductor or the like can be used as a substitute for a bias circuit.
However, a beat signal 3 having a frequency of (ω2−ω1) is generated due to the communication carrier 1 (ω1) and the communication carrier 2 (ω2). The impedance (R+jX) (j: imaginary unit) of the output side observed from the amplifier 11 at a frequency of a beat signal 3 (ω2−ω1) is a finite value. Therefore a voltage fluctuation δVb in proportion to power Pb of beat signal 3 is generated on the output side of the amplifier 11.
δVB=(Pb(R+jX))1/2 [V]
As a result, the mixing of communication carrier 1 and the beat signal 3 causes the drop of applied voltage to the communication carrier 2 and the drop of the gain for the communication carrier 2 as well. The amount of the gain drop is dependent on followings.
(1) Power Pb [W] of the beat signal 3
(2) Impedance (R+jX) [Ω] observed from the amplifier 11 at a frequency of the beat signal 3
(3) Output power (G×P1) [W] for the communication carrier 1
In other words, mutual interaction between a plurality of communication carriers (dotted arrow 4 in
The microwave amplifier according to Embodiment 1, as shown in
A. Operation at a Frequency Configured to be Amplified
The capacitance of the capacitor 14 is set to short-circuit signals in communication band, therefore the capacitor 14 can be considered to be zero Ω (short-circuited) at the frequency configured to be amplified. Accordingly, the circuit on the bias voltage source 13 side cannot be observed from the connection point of the line 20 having a one quarter wavelength and the capacitor 14. Also, because the impedance on the bias voltage source 13 side as observed from the connection point of the line 20 and a main line (output side of the amplifier 11) can be considered to be infinite, output loss in the necessary frequency is not generated. At this time, as long as the capacitance of the capacitor 14 is “C1”, the impedance in response to frequency f1 in a communication band corresponds to the absolute value of 1/(j2πf1×C1) with “j” being the imaginary unit, and generally, the capacitance value of the capacitor is set so that the impedance value is lower than or equal to 1Ω.
B. Operation at a Frequency of a Beat Signal (Low Frequency)
Being that the capacitor 14 is for short-circuiting signals in communication band, at the frequency of the beat signal, the impedance becomes a finite value and the circuit on the bias voltage source 13 side become being observed from the connection point of the line 20 that has a one quarter wavelength and the capacitor 14. According to the impedance equal to 1/(j2πf×C) capacitance “C” at a frequency “f”, as for the impedance by the capacitor 14, when the frequency “f2” of a beat signal becomes smaller compared with a communication band then the impedance also becomes larger proportion to the value of (f1/f2).
Then, if the capacitor 16 with capacitance “C2” exists on the bias voltage source 13 side of the line 20, depending on frequency f2 of the beat signal 3 an impedance that corresponds to 1/(j2πf2×C2) is generated on the capacitor 16. By increasing of the value of “C2”, low impedance can be achieved even at a lower frequency “f2” compared with a frequency “f1” configured to be amplified. If the resistor 15 that connects to the capacitor 16 is sufficiently smaller than the absolute value of 1/(j2πf2×C1) then the contribution of the capacitor 14 that connects in parallel with the line becomes relatively smaller.
Therefore, the impedance on the side of the bias voltage source 13 as observed from the connection point of the line 20 that has a one quarter wavelength and the main line (output side of the amplifier 11) becomes the combined impedance of the inductance of the line 20, the resistance of the resistor 15, and the capacitance of the capacitors 14 and 16. At the frequency of the beat signal 3, the inductance of the line 20, the resistor 15, and the capacitor 16 constitute the resonant circuit.
When two communication carriers are simultaneously input in the amplifier 11 (FET and the like), being that the beat signal 3 is generated due to the mutual interaction at the amplifier 11, a circuit that suppresses the beat signal 3 is configured on the output side of the amplifier 11. Moreover, the effect of the gain drop of communication carrier 2 caused by the beat signal 3, as shown in
By limiting the impedance at a frequency of the beat signal 3 to specific region 19, a condition can be avoided in which a mutual interaction between a plurality of communication carriers becomes extremely large. The Smith chart in
According to the microwave amplifier in Embodiment 1, the adding of resistance components to the resonant circuit, which brings an effect of lowering the “Q” value of the resonant circuit, suppresses mutual interaction between communication carriers even when a plurality of communication carriers, each of which has an arbitrary frequency in a wideband, is input. This makes stable operation possible without being influenced by the number of input communication carriers or the frequency relationship between communication carriers. According to Patent Literature 2, an effect that contributes towards stable operation can be expected when various components and the choice for placing the elements are properly selected. On the other hand, in Embodiment 1, because no resistance components are inserted on a path through which direct current flows, there is an additional advantage of being capable of performing stable operation while maintaining high efficiency performance of the amplifier itself.
The inductor 23, the resistor 25 and the capacitor 24 in Embodiment 2 are in a configuration in which, in place of the line 20 of Embodiment 1, the inductor 23 corresponding to the inductance of the line 20 is disposed for the frequency of the beat signal 3.
With this configuration, ideally, the impedance at a frequency of the beat signal 3 as observed from the amplifier 21 can be disposed within the region 19 in the vicinity of the real axis on the Smith chart, in the same manner as Embodiment 1, while minimizing loss of power in communication carrier frequencies and loss of DC power at the output part of the amplifier 21. Hence a condition can be avoided in which a mutual interaction between a plurality of communication carriers becomes extremely large. As a result, problems that may arise while simultaneously using a plurality of communication carriers can be suppressed without causing communication line conditions to degrade when adding a communications carrier of a different frequency while communicating with a communication carrier. Moreover, no measures are required regarding a bias circuit and/or the like disposed near the amplifier 21.
According to the microwave amplifier in Embodiment 3, in addition to the effects described in Embodiment 1, the microwave amplifier can also suppress the influences of impedance of the power source circuit.
The present disclosure can be embodied in various ways and can undergo various modifications without departing from the broad spirit and range of the disclosure. Moreover, the embodiment described above is for explaining the present disclosure, and does not limit the range of the present disclosure. In other words, the range of the present disclosure is as set forth in the Claims and not the embodiment. Various changes and modifications that are within the range disclosed in the claims or that are within a range that is equivalent to the claims of the disclosure are also included within the range of the present disclosure.
This application claims the benefit of priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-210863, filed on Sep. 25, 2012, and including the specification, the claims, the drawings, and the abstract. The entire disclosure of Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-210863 is incorporated herein by reference.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2012-210863 | Sep 2012 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2013/074857 | 9/13/2013 | WO | 00 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014/050611 | 4/3/2014 | WO | A |
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| 6124767 | Woods | Sep 2000 | A |
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| 20020014923 | Saitou | Feb 2002 | A1 |
| 20040085138 | Franca-Neto | May 2004 | A1 |
| 20110098013 | Takahashi et al. | Apr 2011 | A1 |
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| 102474228 | May 2012 | CN |
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| International Search Report Issued Oct. 29, 2013 in PCT/JP2013/074857 Filed Sep. 13, 2013. |
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| Office Action mailed Oct. 18, 2016 in Japanese Application No. 2012-210863 filed Sep. 25, 2012 (w/partial English translation). |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20150222231 A1 | Aug 2015 | US |
