Patent Grant
12101867
The present disclosure relates to a microwave reactor for a continuous treatment by microwaves of a flowing fluid medium, as well as an associated microwave installation and a method for a continuous treatment by microwaves of a flowing fluid medium.
The disclosure pertains to the field of continuous treatment by microwaves of a flowing fluid medium, such as a liquid medium, a viscous medium, a pasty medium, a liquid/solid or liquid/gas biphasic mixture medium.
The disclosure finds application, desirably but without limitation, in the continuous heat treatment by microwaves of pumpable products, in particular agri-food products and in particular homogeneous liquid products or products with evenly distributed pieces in a sufficiently consistent phase.
Referring to
As shown in this
Such a «downstream» reactor, also described, for example, by the document US 2006/0213759, turns out to be relatively effective for slightly absorbent fluid mediums, that is to say having a low dielectric loss coefficient (or a small loss angle, a small loss tangent, a small delta tangent or a low losses factor). Indeed, with a slightly absorbent fluid medium, the microwaves cross the fluid medium quite easily because the dielectric losses are low and, in addition, the absorbed field in the fluid medium is quite homogeneous.
Conversely, such a «downstream» reactor turns out to be relatively inefficient for absorbent fluid mediums, or very absorbent, that is to say having a high dielectric loss coefficient (or a large loss angle, a large loss tangent, a large delta tangent or a high losses factor), such as for example water-based medium, some solvents for extraction, agri-food products, such as compote, some chemical products, etc.
Indeed, as represented in
Consequently, in a «downstream» reactor, it is as if the electric field will encounter a mirror and be largely, or at least in a non-negligible proportion, reflected towards the microwave generator, whereas the absorbed portion of the field will be reflected only one the microwave generator side because the waves cannot cross the absorbent fluid medium. Consequently, this shape of the «downstream» reactor locally creates a hot spot, and heating therefore becomes heterogeneous and inefficient.
In particular, the present disclosure aims at providing a microwave reactor for a continuous treatment by microwaves of a flowing fluid medium, that is particularly suited to slightly absorbent fluid mediums and also to very absorbent fluid mediums.
An object of the disclosure is to enable a homogeneous and even heating, without any local hot spot in the fluid medium.
To this end, it provides a microwave reactor for a continuous treatment by microwaves of a flowing fluid medium, such a microwave reactor comprising:
the microwave reactor according to the disclosure being remarkable in that:
Thus, with such a reactor according to the disclosure, the electric field is parallel to the small sides of the input waveguide and is therefore orthogonal (or perpendicular) to the flow tube in which the fluid medium flows, and thus the electric field will not encounter any boundary or abrupt transition towards high dielectric losses as it could circumvent the flow tube, even in the case of fluid mediums that are absorbent or with high dielectric losses.
Moreover, this coupling between the input waveguide and the flow tube will promote the penetration of the waves all around the tube, thereby creating a more even heating on the section of the flow tube.
In order to promote a progressive penetration of the waves along the flow tube, the latter is surrounded by an enclosure forming a cavity extending on each side of the input waveguide, and thus the wave will remain progressive and be absorbed almost totally before reaching the ends of the flow tube.
According to one possibility, the enclosure length is 1.5 times to 6 times longer than the large dimension of the input waveguide.
This feature allows ensuring a progressive absorption of the microwaves by an absorbent fluid medium, and avoiding the apparition of a resonance phenomenon inside the enclosure: when this enclosure has an enclosure length shorter than or equal to the large dimension of the input waveguide, the absorption of the microwaves is not progressive along the flow axis, thereby promoting the formation of hot spots inside the fluid medium, leading to a heterogeneous heating of the latter.
In an advantageous embodiment, the enclosure has a circular section with a diameter corresponding to the lateral dimension.
According to one possibility, the input window is delimited by two longitudinal edges parallel to the large sides of the input waveguide and by two lateral edges parallel to the small sides of the input waveguide, wherein these longitudinal edges have a length shorter than or equal to the large dimension and the lateral edges have a length shorter than or equal to the small dimension.
Thus, the input window has a rectangular cross-section equivalent to or smaller than the rectangular cross-section of the input waveguide.
Advantageously, the longitudinal edges of the input window have a length shorter than the large dimension and the lateral edges of the input window have a length equal to the small dimension, so that the input window forms an input iris.
Thus, the input waveguide is attached to the enclosure by an input window featuring longitudinal edges shorter than the large sides of the input waveguide, thereby forming an input iris. Such an input iris is an important parameter that the user can tune by modeling to adapt to the flowing fluid medium in order to optimize the treatment.
In particular, the iris-like shape of the input window causes a modification of the modulus of the microwaves passing through such an input iris, thereby allowing improving the penetration of these microwaves into the fluid medium circulating in the flow tube.
Thus, thanks to the present of an input iris, it is possible to optimize the sizing of a microwave reactor according to the disclosure by adapting, for example, the size of this input iris to a particular product brought to circulate in the flow tube.
Conversely, if the longitudinal edges of the input window have a length equivalent to the large dimension, then the input window does not form an input iris.
According to one possibility, the enclosure includes no inner element disposed between the input window and the flow tube.
In other words, the portion of the enclosure lying between the input window and the flow tube is unoccupied and in particular does not have any element prone to modify or hinder the propagation of the microwaves from the input window up to the flow tube.
In particular, the enclosure does not include any device for making a coolant flow around said flow tube, allowing monitoring the temperature of the fluid medium flowing in the latter.
Indeed, it is known from the state of the art to convey such a coolant in a helical tube encircling the flow tube: this helical tube is then positioned parallel to the small sides of the input waveguide (and therefore parallel to the electric field of the microwaves circulating therein) and prevents the propagation of the microwaves in the flow tube.
Thus, by interposing no element in the cavity defined by the enclosure between the input window and the flow tube, it is possible to ensure a better penetration of the microwaves into the fluid medium inside the flow tube.
In a particular embodiment, the microwave reactor comprises an output waveguide transversely fixed on the enclosure diametrically opposite to the input waveguide, wherein:
According to one possibility, the output window is delimited by two longitudinal edges parallel to the large sides of the output waveguide and by two lateral edges parallel to the small sides of the output waveguide, wherein the longitudinal edges have a length shorter than or equal to the large dimension and the lateral edges have a length shorter than or equal to the small dimension.
Thus, the output window has a rectangular cross-section equivalent to or smaller than the rectangular cross-section of the output waveguide.
In a particular embodiment, the longitudinal edges of the output window have a length shorter than the large dimension and the lateral edges of the output window have a length equal to the small dimension, so that the output window forms an output iris.
Thus, the output waveguide is attached to the enclosure by an output window featuring longitudinal edges shorter than the large sides of the output waveguide, thereby forming an output iris.
Conversely, if the longitudinal edges of the output window have a length equivalent to the large dimension, then the output window does not form an output iris.
Thus, it may be provided to have only one input iris (as described hereinabove), or to have only one output iris, or to have an input iris and an output iris.
Advantageously, the microwave reactor further comprises a short-circuit device attached on the output waveguide, said short-circuit device being either of the type having a short-circuit piston adjustable along the propagation axis, or of the static short-circuit type.
Alternatively, the enclosure is closed opposite the input waveguide and thus provides a curved reflective surface located diametrically opposite to the input waveguide.
According to one feature, the input waveguide is transversely fixed on the enclosure:
According to another feature, the flow axis is a vertical axis so that the flow tube and the enclosure extend vertically, and the propagation axis is a horizontal axis so that the input waveguide extends horizontally.
Advantageously, the enclosure rests at height on a support base, such as a support base provided with several support legs, so that the enclosure is raised off the ground thanks to the support base.
In a particular embodiment, the enclosure includes lids provided on the first end and the second end, said lids being provided with connection fittings to connect a first end and a second end of the flow tube respectively to a first pipe and to a second pipe of a flow-establishing system for making the fluid medium flow.
It should be noted that the enclosure may have a constant diameter over the entire length thereof or, alternatively, the enclosure may have a diameter that gets reduced at its ends so that the enclosure could be conical, or truncated at the ends.
In one embodiment, the microwave reactor includes another input waveguide extending parallel to the propagation axis, said other input waveguide having a rectangular cross-section with two large sides defining a large dimension and two small sides defining a small dimension shorter than the large dimension, and said other input waveguide being coupled to the flow tube for continuous treatment by microwaves of the fluid medium:
In other words, the microwave reactor includes, besides the input waveguide, another input waveguide parallel to the latter and having similar structural and geometrical characteristics.
Thus, this other input waveguide allows introducing microwaves into the enclosure via another input window offset with respect to an input window along the flow axis.
This microwaves introduction offset with respect to the propagation axis of the input waveguide allows for a better treatment of the flowing fluid medium in the flow tube (in particular a more homogeneous treatment along the flow axis), in particular when this fluid medium is highly absorbent.
Advantageously, the other input waveguide is identical to the input waveguide, and has in particular a large dimension and a small dimension identical to those of said input waveguide.
It is also advantageous that the other input waveguide is made of the same material as the input waveguide, so that the kinematics of the microwaves propagation in this other input waveguide are identical to those in the input waveguide.
According to one possibility, the input waveguide and the other input waveguide are linked to the same upstream waveguide intended for the introduction of microwaves inside each of said input waveguides and other input waveguide, said upstream waveguide having at least one rectilinear portion having a rectangular cross-section with two large sides defining a large dimension and two small sides defining a small dimension shorter than the large dimension, the large sides of said upstream waveguide being parallel to the flow axis, whereas the small sides of said upstream waveguide are orthogonal to the flow axis.
Thus, by connecting the upstream waveguide to a microwave generator, it is possible to achieve the microwaves propagation simultaneously in the input waveguide and in the other input waveguide, parallel to the propagation axis.
Hence, the function of the upstream waveguide is to transmit the microwaves propagating therewithin to each of the input waveguide and the other input waveguide.
It is also advantageous that the large dimension of the upstream waveguide is equivalent to the large dimension of the input waveguide and of the other input waveguide, and that the small dimension of the upstream waveguide is equivalent to the small dimension of the input waveguide and of the other input waveguide.
In this manner, the propagation of the microwaves in the upstream waveguide is identical to that in the input waveguide and in the other input waveguide.
According to one feature, the microwave reactor comprises another output waveguide transversely fixed on the enclosure diametrically opposite to the other input waveguide, where:
In other words, the microwave reactor includes another output waveguide associated to the other input waveguide, this other output waveguide having similar structural and geometrical characteristics and the same function as the output waveguide associated to the input waveguide.
In particular, this other output waveguide may have the same large dimension and the same small dimension as the output waveguide and the input waveguide.
In the same manner as with the output waveguide, this other output waveguide may also be provided with a short-circuit device, for example of the short-circuit piston type adjustable parallel to the propagation axis or of the static short-circuit type.
The present disclosure also concerns a microwave installation for a continuous treatment by microwaves of a flowing fluid medium, such a microwave installation comprising:
When the microwave reactor includes another input waveguide, it is advantageous that the microwave generator of the microwave installation is also connected to this other input waveguide.
In the embodiment wherein the microwave reactor is as previously described and includes an upstream waveguide linked to the input waveguide and to the other input waveguide, it is advantageous that the microwave generator of the microwave installation is connected to this upstream waveguide: it is then indirectly connected to both the input waveguide and the other input waveguide.
The microwave generator generates microwaves, for example in at least one of the microwave frequency bands for industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) applications assigned by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), and in particular the microwave frequency bands 2.450 GHz±50.0 MHz, 5.800 GHz±75.0 MHz, 433.92 MHz±0.87 MHz, 896 MHz±10 MHz and 915 MHz±13 MHz.
The disclosure also relates to a method for a continuous treatment by microwaves of a flowing fluid medium, such a method for a continuous treatment by microwaves comprising the following steps of:
Other features and advantages of the present disclosure will appear on reading the detailed description hereinafter, of a non-limiting example of implementation, made with reference to the appended figures in which:
Referring to
This microwave reactor 1 finds application, desirably but without limitation, in the continuous heat treatment by microwaves of pumpable products, in particular agri-food products and in particular homogeneous liquid products or products with evenly distributed pieces in a sufficiently consistent phase.
This microwave reactor 1 comprises a cylindrical-shaped flow tube 2, integrally made of a dielectric and microwave-transparent material, such as borosilicate glass, quartz, alumina, a polymeric material like polytetrafluoroethylene or PTFE.
This flow tube 2 extends longitudinally along a flow axis 20 and has a first end 21 and a second end 22 opposite to one another, for a flow of the fluid medium inside the flow tube 2 along this flow axis 20 from the first end 21 towards the second end 22. This flow axis 20 constitutes the central axis or axis of revolution of the cylindrical flow tube 2. In the examples of
This microwave reactor 1 comprises an enclosure 3 inside which the flow tube 2 extends, wherein this enclosure 2 is made of a microwave-reflective material, such as a conductive material or a metallic material.
This enclosure 3 has a cylindrical shape with a determined diameter DE, and it extends longitudinally along the flow axis 20 over a determined enclosure length LE between a first end 31 and a second end 32 opposite to one another; this flow axis 20 constituting the central axis or axis of revolution of this cylindrical enclosure 3. Thus, the flow tube 2 and the enclosure 3 extend vertically or, alternatively, they extend horizontally or inclined with respect to a vertical or horizontal axis.
It should be noted that the diameter DE of the enclosure 3 may be adjusted according to the diameter of the flow tube 2 as well as the properties of the fluid medium. The inner diameter and the outer diameter of the flow tube 2 may also be subjected to adjustments according to the properties of the fluid medium.
As shown in
Moreover, the enclosure 3 surrounds the flow tube 2 and it has:
Thus, the fluid medium enters in the flow tube 2 via the first pipe 61, flows from the first end 21 up to the second end 22 and then exits via the second pipe 62, so that the first pipe 61 forms the upstream pipe and the second pipe 62 forms the downstream pipe. Of course, the flow direction of the fluid medium may be reversed in the flow tube 2 as explained hereinbelow.
In the illustrated example, with vertical enclosure 3 and flow tube 2, the first end 21 connected to the first pipe 61 is provided at the bottom, whereas its second end 22 connected to the second pipe 62 is provided at the top, so that the fluid medium flows in the flow tube 2 from the bottom to the top, which has the advantage of reducing, and even avoiding, the formation of bubbles or inhomogeneities in the fluid medium. Of course, it may also be considered to have a reverse flow direction, that is to say from the bottom to the top.
Moreover, in variants that are not illustrated, the flow axis 20 and the flow tube 2 may be horizontal, so that the fluid medium flows horizontally. It may also be considered that the flow axis 20 and the flow tube 2 are inclined with respect to a horizontal axis or a vertical axis by an angle smaller than 90 degrees.
This microwave reactor 1 further comprises an input waveguide 4 transversely fixed on the enclosure 3, in other words on its peripheral wall or on its circumference. This input waveguide 4 is made of a microwave-reflective material, such as a conductive material or a metallic material. As a non-limiting example, this input waveguide 4 is attached on the enclosure 3 by welding.
This input waveguide 4 has a rectangular cross-section with two large sides 41 defining a large dimension GD (i.e. the sides having the largest dimension) and two small sides 42 defining a small dimension PD shorter than the large dimension GD (i.e. the sides having the smallest dimension); the large dimension GD corresponding to the length of the rectangular cross-section and the small dimension PD corresponding to the width of the rectangular cross-section. This input waveguide 4 has a free termination 43 provided with a connection crown or flange adapted to enable a junction by bolting with an upstream waveguide 8 (cf.
This input waveguide 4 extends along a propagation axis 40 for a propagation of microwaves, originating from the microwave generator 9, along said propagation axis 40; bearing in mind that this propagation axis 40 is orthogonal to the flow axis 20. Hence, in the examples of
Of course, the upstream waveguide 8 may, in turn, be vertical and/or horizontal and/or have elbows and/or be formed by several waveguide sections depending on the arrangement and the location of the microwave generator 9 with respect to the microwave reactor 1 and depending on the inclinations of the flow axis 20 and of the propagation axis 40.
This input waveguide 4 is coupled to the flow tube 2 for continuous treatment by microwaves of the fluid medium flowing in the flow tube 2.
For this purpose, the enclosure 3 has an input window 37 with a rectangular shape, surrounded by the input waveguide 4 for a propagation of the microwaves, originating from the microwave generator 9 and which propagate in the input waveguide 4, through the input window 37 inside the enclosure 3 where the flow tube 2 is located.
It should be noted that this coupling meets the following geometrical requirements:
In the example of
In addition, it should be noted that the input window 37, with a rectangular shape or section, is delimited by:
Because of the cylindrical shape of the enclosure 3, the longitudinal edges 371 of the input window 37 are rectilinear whereas the lateral edges 372 of the input window 37 are arcuate.
The input window 37 is surrounded by the input waveguide 4, and therefore its longitudinal edges 371 have a length shorter than or equal to the large dimension GD and its lateral edges 372 have a length shorter than or equal to the small dimension PD.
In the example illustrated in
It may also be considered that the longitudinal edges 371 of the input window 37 have a length equal to the large dimension GD and the lateral edges 372 of the input window 37 have a length equal to the small dimension PD, and thus the input window 37 does not form an input iris.
Moreover, it should be noted that, as shown in
This feature allows ensuring a homogeneous treatment, along the flow axis 20, from the flowing fluid medium in the flow tube 2 by the microwaves originating from the input waveguide 4, without resulting in the apparition of a resonance phenomenon within the enclosure 3.
It should also be noted that, in
The microwave reactor 1 may also comprise an output waveguide 5 transversely fixed on the enclosure 3 diametrically opposite to the input waveguide 4. This output waveguide 5 is made of a microwave-reflective material, such as a conductive material or a metallic material. As a non-limiting example, this output waveguide 5 is attached on the enclosure 3 by welding.
In turn, this output waveguide 5 extends along the propagation axis 40, in alignment with the input waveguide 4.
This output waveguide 5 has a rectangular cross-section with:
Moreover, the enclosure 3 has an output window 38 diametrically opposite to the input window 37, rectangular-shaped and surrounded by the output waveguide 5 for a microwave propagation through the output window 38 between the output waveguide 5 and the inside of the enclosure 3. This output waveguide 5 has a free termination 50 provided with a connection crown or flange adapted to enable a junction by bolting with a short-circuit device 55, 56 attached on the output waveguide 5. To this end, this connection crown or flange is provided with holes over the entire circumference thereof for the passage of screws.
In the embodiment of
It may also be considered to get rid of such a short-circuit piston 55, for example and as illustrated in
In a non-illustrated variant of this static short-circuit 56, the enclosure 3 may be closed opposite the input waveguide 4 and thus provide a curved reflective surface (instead of the output window 38) located diametrically opposite to the input waveguide 4 and thus forming a static short-circuit.
In addition, it should be noted that the output window 38, with a rectangular shape or section, is delimited by:
Because of the cylindrical shape of the enclosure 3, the longitudinal edges 381 of the output window 38 are rectilinear whereas the lateral edges 382 of the output window 38 are arcuate.
The output window 38 is surrounded by the output waveguide 5, and therefore its longitudinal edges 381 have a length shorter than or equal to the large dimension GD and its lateral edges have a length shorter than or equal to the small dimension PD.
In the example illustrated in
In the example illustrated in
In this second embodiment, the microwave reactor 1′ has the same elements as the microwave reactor 1 illustrated in particular by
The microwave reactor 1′ also includes another input waveguide 4′ attached on the enclosure 3 and extending along another propagation axis 40′, parallel to the propagation axis 40.
It should be noticed that the input waveguide 4 is herein attached to a distance from the first end 31 equal to about 0.3 times the enclosure length LE, and that the other input waveguide 4′ is attached to a distance from the first end 31 equal to about 0.7 times the enclosure length LE (or, in an equivalent manner, to a distance from the second end 32 equal to about 0.3 times the enclosure length LE).
Moreover, this other input waveguide 4′ is in all aspects similar to the input waveguide 4; it is in particular made of a microwave-reflective material, so as to enable a microwave propagation along the other propagation axis 40′, and has a rectangular cross-section with two large sides 41′ defining a large dimension GD equal to the large dimension GD of the input waveguide 4 and two small sides 42′ defining a small dimension PD equal to the small dimension PD of the input waveguide 4.
This other input waveguide 4′ also surrounds another input window (not shown in
As with the input window 37, it may be considered that this other input window is in the form of an input iris, when this other input window has longitudinal edges with a length equal to the large dimension GD and lateral edges with a length equal to the small dimension PD.
In this second embodiment, the microwave reactor 1′ also includes another output waveguide 5′ attached on the enclosure 3 opposite the other input waveguide 4′ and extending along the other propagation axis 40′.
This other output waveguide 5′ has a structural and a geometry that are identical to those of the output waveguide 5: in particular, it is made of a microwave-reflective material, so as to enable a microwaves propagation along the other propagation axis 40′, and has a rectangular cross-section with two large sides 51′ defining a large dimension GD equal to the large dimension GD of the other input waveguide 4′ (and of the output waveguide 5) and two small sides 52′ defining a small dimension PD equal to the small dimension PD of the other input waveguide 4′ (and of the output waveguide 5).
This other output waveguide 5′ also surrounds another output window (not shown in
As with the output window 38, it may be considered that this other output window is in the form of an output iris, when this other output window has longitudinal edges with a length equal to the large dimension GD and lateral edges with a length equal to the small dimension PD.
Finally, this other output waveguide 5′ is attached to another short-circuit device of the short-circuit piston 55′ type adjustable along the other propagation axis 40′, identical to the short-circuit piston 55 type short-circuit device and having the same function.
Hence, the other input waveguide 4′ enables a microwaves propagation in a way identical to the input waveguide 4, along the other propagation axis 40′ offset with respect to the propagation axis 40 along the flow axis 20: this other input waveguide 4′ therefore enables a treatment of the fluid medium flowing in the flow tube 2 at the level of a second treatment area offset along the flow axis 20 with respect to a first treatment area of the fluid medium associated to the input waveguide 4.
In this manner, it is possible to treat the fluid medium in a more homogeneous way along the flow axis 20 and over the entirety of the enclosure length LE of the enclosure 3.
Moreover, each of the input waveguide 4 and the other input waveguide 4′ is linked to the same upstream waveguide 8′ having two portions:
Moreover, it should be noted that the rectilinear portion 81 has a rectangular cross-section identical to that of the input waveguide 4 and of the other input waveguide 4′, having he same large dimension GD and the same small dimension PD.
The upstream waveguide 8′ is adapted to be connected, at the level of one end 811′ of the rectilinear portion 81′, to a microwave generator (not represented in
It should be noted that, because of the strictly identical structure of the input waveguide 4 and of the other input waveguide 4′ (as well as, respectively, of the input window 37 and of the other input window, of the output waveguide 5 and of the other output waveguide 5′, of the short-circuit piston 55 type short-circuit device and of the other short-circuit piston 55′ type short-circuit device), the electric field propagating in each of the them has the same orientation and a similar intensity.
It should be noted that it may be considered that these various elements have a different structure and/or geometry, for a heterogeneous treatment of the fluid medium along the flow axis 20.
Finally, it should be noticed that the microwave reactor 1′ is herein disposed on a support base 7′, whose geometry is in particular adapted to that of the input waveguide 4 and of the upstream waveguide 8′.
For the implementation of a method for continuous treatment by microwaves of a flowing fluid medium, it is necessary to use a microwave installation 10 (partially illustrated in
This flow-establishing system 6 comprises:
In operation, the flow-establishing system 6 is activated to make a fluid medium flow inside the flow tube 2 and the microwave generator 9 is activated to generate microwaves which are guided up to the input waveguide 4 and which pass through the input window 37 to continuously irradiate and treat the fluid medium flowing in the flow tube 2.
Of course, it may be considered that the implementation of a method for a continuous treatment by microwaves of a flowing fluid medium is carried out by means of a microwave installation including a microwave reactor 1′ according to the above-described second embodiment.
In this case, one single microwave generator may be used for the propagation of microwaves in the input waveguide 4 and in the other input waveguide 4′, via the upstream waveguide 8′.
In turn,
Thus, it is obvious that the fluid medium will be heated in a progressive and homogeneous way, while avoiding hot spots, which is ideal for fluid mediums requiring relatively smooth heating dynamics, even with relatively slow flow velocities.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 18/71666 | Nov 2018 | FR | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2019/052779 | 11/21/2019 | WO |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2020/104757 | 5/28/2020 | WO | A |
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20060213759 | Holzschuh | Sep 2006 | A1 |
| 20100012650 | Drozd | Jan 2010 | A1 |
| 20150318148 | Chen | Nov 2015 | A1 |
| 20220022293 | Latrasse | Jan 2022 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 1397939 | Mar 2004 | EP |
| 1291077 | Sep 2007 | EP |
| 1397939 | Dec 2007 | EP |
| 02100131 | Dec 2002 | WO |
| Entry |
|---|
| International Search Report issued Feb. 21, 2020 re: Application No. PCT/FR2019/052779, pp. 1-2, citing: EP 1397939 A1, US 2006213759 A1, US 2015318148 A1 and US 2010012650 A1. |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20220022293 A1 | Jan 2022 | US |
