Patent Application
20210148228
The present invention relates to a coal seam exploitation method, particularly relates to a mine exploitation, separation and filling and X exploitation mode, and belongs to the technical field of coal mine exploitation.
In a traditional roof caving type coal mining mode, a roof is caved after exploitation, thereby causing the environmental problems of surface subsidence, gangue discharge and the like. Therefore, a comprehensive mechanized solid filling coal mining technology has gradually developed. However, the comprehensive mechanized solid filling coal mining technology still needs to lift underground raw coal doped with gangue to the ground, and after being washed and separated, the coal is conveyed to a working face by a batch feeder for performing filling operation, so that mine auxiliary lifting and ground coal washing plants have larger pressure and higher cost. An exploitation, separation and filling integrated production mode developed on this basis integrates underground coal mining, separation and filling, thereby realizing high synergy in the aspects of mine development layout, production system layout, exploitation, separation and filling equipment capability matching and the like.
With the continuous application of an “exploitation, separation and filling” system in mine exploitation, the functions of the “exploitation, separation and filling” system have been continuously improved and developed from an original gangue treatment function to a water-preserved exploitation function, a gob-side entry retaining function and an “under-three” coal exploitation function. More and more engineering cases prove that the “exploitation, separation and filling” system can be suitable for mines under different geological conditions to solve different engineering technology problems in coal resource exploitation. However, at present, mine exploitation modes based on the “exploitation, separation and filling” system to meet certain engineering needs of mines are mostly applied to a certain working face of a certain mine, and no systematic and comprehensive exploitation modes have been formed. Furthermore, most of the “exploitation, separation and filling” systems are reformed systems which difficultly form good matching and connection with the original production system of the mine and are not conducive to engineering application and promotion. Therefore, the study on an exploitation mode which takes a mine “exploitation, separation and filling” system as a basis, adds related systems according to actual engineering needs of the mine and realizes high integration of all systems has great significance for on-site engineering promotion and application of the “exploitation, separation and filling” system.
In order to overcome various defects existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a mine exploitation, separation and filling and X exploitation mode. An exploitation method suitable for each mine condition is systematically selected. A goaf filling rate is controlled to meet an actual engineering need of a mine, solve technical problems in mine resource exploitation, and realize the objective of green, harmonious and safe exploitation of coal resources.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a mine exploitation, separation and filling and X exploitation mode. “Exploitation” is a gangue small-scale exploitation system, “separation” is a coal gangue separation system, “filling” is a filling system, and “X” is an exploitation, separation and filling integrated synergistic production system. The mine exploitation, separation and filling and X exploitation mode includes the following steps:
step 1: selecting the gangue small-scale exploitation system according to mine geological and hydrological conditions, a mine system layout manner and a coal resource exploitation site, selecting the a coal gangue separation system according to a coal gangue separation effect, underground space occupation and separation system performance factor, selecting an on-site filling system according to filling material performance, a material conveying manner and a filling system performance factor, and forming an “exploitation, separation and filling” system suitable for an actual production need of a mine;
step 2: determining an X production system according to an actual engineering need of the mine, and forming an “exploitation, separation and filling and X” exploitation mode;
step 3: designing a goaf filling rate to meet the actual engineering need of the mine; and
step 4: obtaining an actually measured filling rate by dynamic monitoring equipment in an exploitation process, performing comparison with an engineering control object, and ensuring that a measured value of the filling rate meets the need of engineering control by adjusting a technology and a management method, thereby realizing an engineering objective.
Further, the gangue small-scale exploitation system includes a tunneling face gangue small-scale exploitation system, a protection layer gangue small-scale exploitation system, a coal seam group gangue small-scale exploitation system and a wild coal seam gangue small-scale exploitation system;
the coal gangue underground separation system includes a selectively crushed coal gangue separation system, a dense-medium shallow-slot coal gangue separation system, a movable sieve jigging coal gangue separation system and a whole-grain water-based coal gangue separation system;
the on-site filling system includes a gangue filling system, a paste filling system, a cementing material filling system and a high-water material filling system; and
the X production system includes a coal pillar-less entry retaining system, a filling and caving synergistic production system, a gas three-dimensional extraction system and a filling effect control feedback system.
Further, a specific method for determining the X production system in the step 2 includes the following steps:
a. when mine engineering aims to increase a mining rate of coal resources, taking a coal pillar-less gob-side entry retaining system as the X, and forming an “exploitation, separation and filling and retaining” exploitation mode;
b. when the mine engineering aims to purely treat gangue, taking the filling and caving synergistic production system as the X, and forming an “exploitation, separation and filling and treatment” exploitation mode;
c. when the mine engineering aims to simultaneously exploit coal and gas, taking the gas three-dimensional extraction system as the X, and forming an “exploitation, separation and filling and extraction” exploitation mode; and
d. when the mine engineering aims to realize water-preserved harmonious exploitation of coal under a water-bearing bed, safe exploitation of a coal seam group under a hard roof and non-destructive exploitation of an “under-three” deep coal resource, taking the filling effect control feedback system as the X, and forming an “exploitation, separation and filling and control” exploitation mode.
Further, a specific method for designing the goaf filling rate in the step 3 includes the following steps:
a. when the exploitation mode is “exploitation, separation and filling and retaining”, controlling the stability of a roadside filling body by controlling the goaf filling rate to replace a coal pillar support roof to displace coal resources, thereby increasing the mining rate of the coal resources and realizing exploitation of many coal resources;
b. when the exploitation mode is “exploitation, separation and filling and treatment”, controlling gangue treatment capacity by controlling the goaf filling rate, thereby realizing wasteless exploitation of the coal resources;
c. when the exploitation mode is “exploitation, separation and filling and extraction”, changing coal seam permeability by controlling the goaf filling rate to achieve an objective of harmonious simultaneous exploitation of coal and gas, thereby realizing simultaneous exploitation of coal associated resources; and
d. when the exploitation mode is “exploitation, separation and filling and control”, controlling height of a water flowing fractured zone of a water-preserved exploitation mine, a critical breaking distance of a hard roof of a hard roof coal seam, and critical equivalent mining height of the “under-three” coal mine by controlling the goaf filling rate, thereby realizing water-preserved harmonious exploitation of coal under the water-bearing bed, safe exploitation of the coal seam group under the hard roof, and non-destructive exploitation of an “under-three” deep coal resource.
In the present invention, “exploitation, separation and filling” systems are determined according to factors such as mine geological and hydrological conditions, mine system layout, mine “exploitation, separation and filling” capability requirements and the coal resource exploitation site, then, an X production system is determined according to an actual engineering need of the mine and technical problems, and an “exploitation, separation and filling and X” exploitation mode is formed. The overall system involves 256 exploitation methods. The goaf filling rate is controlled according to different methods to meet the actual engineering need of the mine, solve the technical problems in mine resource exploitation, and realize the objective of green, harmonious and safe exploitation of coal resources. Compared with an original “exploitation, separation and filling” exploitation mode, the “exploitation, separation and filling and X” exploitation mode disclosed by the present invention is more systematic and comprehensive and is beneficial to engineering promotion and application.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawing and specific embodiments.
Since the construction of a mine in Shandong, a strip type coal mining method was always adopted, leaving a large number of protective coal pillars and forming a stagnant coal volume, and resulting in a low resource recovery rate; furthermore, existing coal seams were doped with gangue severely; and a large amount of aeolian sand was deposited on the surface of the mine, and tests showed that cementing and conveying properties were excellent. In order to increase a mining rate of coal resources of the mine, reduce gangue content and treat gangue on the site, and consider a matching relationship between production systems, by following a principle of “low excavated volume of separated gangue and less space occupation of a separation system”, a set of suitable exploitation, separation and filling system was selected according to an actual condition of the mine to realize a production objective of the mine.
As shown in
step 1: an “exploitation, separation and filling” system, including a wild coal seam gangue small-scale exploitation system, a dense-medium shallow-slot coal gangue separation system and a cementing and filling system, suitable for an actual production need of the mine was selected according to the above factors;
step 2: since mine engineering aims to increase a mining rate of coal resources, a coal pillar-less gob-side entry retaining system was taken as the X, and an “exploitation, separation and filling and retaining” exploitation mode was formed;
step 3: the stability of a roadside filling body was controlled by controlling a goaf filling rate to replace a coal pillar support roof to displace the coal resources, thereby increasing the mining rate of the coal resources and realizing exploitation of many coal resources; and
step 4: an actually measured filling rate was obtained by dynamic monitoring equipment in an exploitation process, comparison was performed with an engineering control object for the stability of the roadside filling body, and a technology and a management method were adjusted to ensure that a measured value of the filling rate meets the need of engineering control, thereby realizing an engineering objective.
The exploitation depth of a mine in Henan exceeded 1100 m, and auxiliary lifting became a major problem. The fifteenth coal seam was mainly exploited, and the coal seam had original gas content of 15.256 m3/t, original gas pressure of 1.78 MPa and a gas permeability coefficient of only 0.0776 m2/MPa2d, which was a high-gas, low-permeability and low-drainage coal seam. The occurrence of the fourteenth coal seam coating the fifteenth coal seam was unstable, the thickness of the coal seam was only 0.5 m, and technical conditions for conventional protection layer exploitation were not provided. In order to safely exploit a protection layer for performing gas pressure relief and increasing permeability, achieve an objective of simultaneously exploiting the fifteenth coal seam and gas, and simultaneously underground treating exploited gangue during protection layer exploitation, a set of suitable exploitation, separation and filling system needs to be selected according to the actual condition of the mine to realize an production objective of the mine.
As shown in
step 1: an “exploitation, separation and filling” system, including a protection layer gangue small-scale exploitation system, a movable sieve jigging coal gangue separation system and a gangue filling system, suitable for an actual production need of a mine was selected according to above factors;
step 2: since mine engineering aims to simultaneously exploit coal and gas, a gas three-dimensional extraction system was taken as the X, and an “exploitation, separation and filling and extraction” exploitation mode was formed;
step 3: coal seam permeability was changed by controlling a goaf filling rate to achieve an objective of harmonious simultaneous exploitation of coal and gas, thereby realizing simultaneous exploitation of coal associated resources; and
step 4: an actually measured filling rate was obtained by dynamic monitoring equipment in an exploitation process, comparison was performed with an engineering control object, and a technology and a management method were adjusted to ensure that a measured value of the filling rate meets the need of engineering control, thereby realizing an engineering objective.
The occurrence of a coal seam of a primary mineable coal bed in a mine in Inner Mongolia was complicated, the thickness of the coal seam has large change, a working face was overlarge and has more minor faults, and the coal seam of the working face was doped with gangue severely, resulting in increase in mine lifting cost. Furthermore, a large amount of gangue was deposited on the surface of the mine, occupied a large area of land and polluted the surrounding environment of the mine. In order to solve the problem that the coal seam of the mine was doped with gangue and to convey the gangue on the ground to a underground space for filling, a set of suitable exploitation, separation and filling system needs to be selected according to actual conditions of the mine to realize a production objective of the mine.
As shown in
step 1: an “exploitation, separation and filling” system, including a wild coal seam gangue small-scale exploitation system, a selective crushing separation system and a gangue filling system, suitable for an actual production need of a mine was selected according to above factors;
step 2: since mine engineering aims to treat gangue, a filling and caving synergistic production system was taken as the X, and an “exploitation, separation and filling and treatment” exploitation mode was formed;
step 3: coal seam permeability was changed by controlling a goaf filling rate to achieve an objective of harmonious simultaneous exploitation of coal and gas, thereby realizing simultaneous exploitation of coal associated resources; and
step 4: an actually measured filling rate was obtained by dynamic monitoring equipment in an exploitation process, comparison was performed with an engineering control object, and a technology and a management method were adjusted to ensure that a measured value of the filling rate meets the need of engineering control, thereby realizing an engineering objective.
According to different actual engineering needs, the system may form four exploitation modes, namely an “exploitation, separation and filling and retaining” exploitation mode, an “exploitation, separation and filling and treatment” exploitation mode, an “exploitation, separation and filling and extraction” exploitation mode and an “exploitation, separation and filling and control” exploitation mode, almost covering all exploitation methods, so that there are ways to follow when engineering methods are formulated, and control on engineering quality and promotion of the engineering methods are more facilitated. The above three embodiments are specifically selected according to different conditions of mines for the method of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 201811157750.4 | Sep 2018 | CN | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CN2019/080749 | 4/1/2019 | WO | 00 |
