Patent Application
20120279125
The present invention relates to a mixed turf, i.e both artificial and natural turf, for sports activities, recreative activities, or for ornamental purposes. In particular, the mixed turf, according to the invention, can be used as a playing field for sports activities such as soccer, 5-a-side soccer, tennis, hockey, american football, golf, athletics, rugby, baseball and other sports that are normally played on a turf.
It is well known that turfs for sports fields such as for soccer, hockey, cricket, rugby, etc. provide a natural turf grown on a ground or substrate. Natural turfs offer high aesthetical, technical and environmental performances.
However, with the use and with time, as well as with unfavourable weather conditions, the natural turf quickly wears and requires expensive maintenance work. Unless a worn natural turf is completely restored, the playing field is anaesthetical, irregular, and potentially dangerous for the users.
An intense activity, which normally concerns a sports field, worsens the turf characteristics after each use without enough time for the turf to recover. In particular, the playing field looses its planarity, uniformity and resistance of its substrates, affecting the athletic performances and endangering the athlets.
For these reasons, synthetic playing fields have been developed in the last years, having artificial grass blades and granular infill material, for example sand or resilient material, which present improved performances and steadiness of grip on the ground. Such artificial turfs can be installed on surfaces that are made of various materials, in particular asphalt, and stabilized inert material.
Artificial turfs have some technical drawbacks, among which a considerable superheating of the playing field in addition to environmental modifications with subsequent discomfort for the users. For avoiding the above described drawbacks combined systems have been proposed of mixed natural and artificial turf. A combined natural/artificial system is described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,145,248. It provides substantially a biodegradable substrate to which grass blades are connected of artificial material and onto which a layer is put of soil in which natural grass is sown. With time the roots of the grass expand and the biodegradable substrate disintegrates. Therefore, the roots reach the ground located underneath the substrate and radicate in it.
However, this solution is strictly bound to the availability of a ground and has strong applicative limits, because it cannot be used in case of surfaces where artificial turfs are usually installed.
Mixed turfs also exist, comprising both artificial fibres and natural fibres, i.e. plants, as described in WO2006008579 in the name of the same applicant. More precisely, such mixed turfs comprise a support of not biodegradable artificial material to which the fibres of artificial material are connected creating a synthetic turf. The synthetic turf, then, is filled with a loose infill material comprising different components, for example loose granules of rubber, plastic material, mineral material, organic material of vegetable origin, etc.
The loose infill material has in particular the function of keeping the fibres of artificial material substantially vertical. As above described, furthermore, the mixed turf comprises also natural fibres, i.e. plants, which can be put in the loose infill material through a sowing step, or a step of transplantation of plant portions belonging to at least one vegetable species that preform a quick vegetative development and give origin to a plurality of plants having roots arranged completely above the support.
Such mixed turf can be easily carried, rolled up, turned over, without fall of the loose infill material, and can be arranged in a desired moment on a desired support surface in such a way that can be immediately employed.
Other mixed turfs are described in KR100864276, in particular to provide mixed turf tiles.
However, the vegetable species that is present in the mixed turfs, as above described, can be subject to lack of water stress, owing mainly to the presence of the loose infill material that is highly draining and causes a quick outflow of of irrigation water, dehydrating the plants of the vegetable species.
On the other hand, a too much frequent irrigation in the hot periods limits the use of the turf and causes dispersion of nutritive substances, and pollution of the underground.
It is therefore a feature of the present invention to provide a mixed turf that is capable of assisting a correct vegetative development of the plants in it present and a longer duration of the same with respect to the mixed turfs of the prior art, in particular assuring a quick and long lasting ability to be used. It is another feature of the present invention to provide a turf that has technical features that are optimal for playing sports such as soccer, five a side soccer, tennis, hockey, american football, golf, athletics, rugby, baseball, concerning elasticity of the field, ball rebound, capacity of absorbing shocks, resistance against pull and torsion caused by shoes, etc.
It is a further feature of the present invention to provide a mixed turf that can be easily carried, rolled up, turned over without being damaged, and laid in any desired moment on a support surface for immediate use for the above activities and/or purposes, as well as that can be easily removed and immediately reused.
It is a further feature of the present invention to provide a mixed turf that can bear also a heavy and concentrate activity on it without affecting its features.
These and other features are accomplished with one exemplary mixed turf for sports, recreactional and/or for ornamental purposes comprising:
This way, in each channel, after filling with the loose infill material a water reserve can be formed for the roots of the plants. In particular the profile of the channel partially or completely encircles spaces that are occupied by water, roots and loose infill material. The water is mainly stored in the channel and not drained away, creating indeed a water reserve for roots that lasts a longer time than in the mass of the loose infill material, which is a very draining material, and then keeps the humidity for less time.
In particular, the, or each, wing, comprises, in a direction transversal to the main blade:
Advantageously, the distal portion is adapted to be put in a position selected from the group comprised of:
Advantageously, at least one first and a second side wings are provided that extend from said main blade, said first and said second side wings defining respectively a first and a second channel that are arranged parallel to said main blade.
In particular, the first and the second face wings are arranged at opposite sides with respect to the main blade.
Preferably, the main blade has polygonal cross section. In this case, the first and the second face wings can protrude from opposite vertices of the polygonal cross section of the main blade.
In particular, the pitch between two adjacent fibres of artificial material that extend from said mat is set between 0.5 cm and 5 cm.
In a preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention, the plurality of fibres of artificial material of the artificial turf comprise:
Advantageously, the loose infill material comprises at least one of the following materials:
Advantageously, the loose infill material comprises at least one of the following layers:
Preferably, the organic material of vegetable origin is selected from the group comprised of: cork, coconut fibres, agave fibres, cereal husks, in particular rice husks, peat, ground wood, vegetable residues, agricultural and food residues, grape seeds (seeds of vitis vinifera), compost, devitalized seeds of vegetable species, organic conditioners, organic fertilizers, hoof and horn meal, roasted leather waste, vegetable waste, and normally a desired organic material of vegetable origin in granules and/or loose fibres. In particular, the organic material of vegetable origin is adapted to meet the ideal hydrologic conditions and provide the necessary nutritive substances for growing the vegetable.
In a particularly advantageous embodiment, said organic material of vegetable origin is selected from the group comprised of: coconut fibres, rice husks, cork.
Preferably, the rubber material is selected from the group comprised of:
Preferably, the vegetable species that is used to provide the natural turf is selected from the group comprised of:
Advantageously, the mat has small drainage holes for the drainage of the rainwater, or irrigation water water, but to avoid propagation of the roots through them.
In particular, the holes may have a diameter set between 1 mm and 15 mm, advantageously between 1 mm and 10 mm.
Advantageously, the density of the holes on the mat is set between 10 holes for m2 to 10.000 holes for m2.
In an exemplary embodiment of the invention the second face of the mat is coupled to a layer of spongy or impermeable material.
In case of spongy material having a measured porosity the roots penetrate through it assisting the stability of the mixed turf.
In case of impermeable layer, it prevents water to reach the surface of the cultivation site, or the installation site, of the mixed turf. Therefore, the vegetable species roots exclusively above the impermeable layer.
For example, the thickness of the layer of impermeable material can be set between 6 and 25 mm, advantageously between 8 and 20 mm, preferably between 10 and 15 mm.
Advantageously, the impermeable material is a polyurethane resin.
In an exemplary embodiment of the invention the mat comprises:
In particular, the draining layer can carry out, furthermore, a damping action. More in detail, the thickness of the draining layer is selected according to the needs and, in particular, of the desired damping action.
Preferably, the draining layer provides a three-dimensional network of interwoven filaments of plastic material, so that said interwoven filaments form a open and resiliently compressible layer.
In particular, the filaments of plastic material may have a diameter set between 0.2 and 1.5 mm, advantageously between 0.5 and 1 mm, preferably between 0.8 and 0.9 mm.
According to another aspect of the invention, a method for making a turf for sports, recreactional activities and/or for ornamental purposes comprises the steps of:
In particular, the seeds and/or the portions of plant of the vegetable species can be put on the first face of the mat in a way selected from the group comprised of:
Advantageously, the step of distributing the loose infill material provides distributing at least one layer of granules of rubber, in particular rubber of vegetable origin, or synthetic rubber.
In particular, the infill layer can comprise a material of mineral origin, for example sand, or gravel.
Advantageously, the infill layer comprises an organic material of vegetable origin, said organic material of vegetable origin adapted to provide a substrate of growth of said vegetable species.
Preferably, at least one part of the fibres of artificial material protrudes at least 5 mm from the infill layer, and said vegetable species is cut at a height higher than 5 mm from the infill layer.
The invention will be now shown with the following description of an exemplary embodiment thereof, exemplifying but not limitative, with reference to the attached drawings in which:
With reference to
Turf 1 comprises, furthermore, a measured amount of a loose infill material 50, for example of granular type, distributed on face 11 of mat 10. In particular, the loose infill material 50 has a double function of keeping substantially vertical artificial fibres 20 and of draining turf 1.
Turf 1 is, then completed by natural vegetable material belonging to one or more plant species 30, and that can be put in the loose infill material 50 by means of sowing, traplantation of portions of plants, or a combination of the two solutions. More precisely, the vegetable species 30 roots above the mat of flexible material 10, i.e. the roots 101 of vegetable species 30 does not pass through mat 10. This way, it is possible to put mixed turf 1 on a surface of any desired type, for example of asphalt, concrete, stabilized inert material.
Furthermore, this exemplary embodiment assists the carrying mixed turf 1 by a cultivation site to an installation site.
In the exemplary embodiment shown in
The loose infill material 50 can comprise, furthermore, mineral material, such as sand, gravel, or a combination thereof. The material ore can be distributed above face 11 of mat 10 before laying the rubber material and/or plastic material, in order to form a layer 52 arranged below layer 51. Alternatively, the loose infill material 50 can be a set heterogeneous of material ore and rubber and/or plastic material.
In a further exemplary embodiment, the loose infill material 50 can comprise, furthermore, a certain an amount of organic material of vegetable origin. For example, the organic material of vegetable origin can be distributed above the layer 51 of rubber and/or plastic material, to make a layer 53 capable of creating the suitable for physical-chemical conditions for vegetative development of the plants 15. The organic material of vegetable origin may be, for example, cork, coconut fibres, agave fibres, cereal husks, for example rice husks, peat, ground wood, vegetable residues, grape seeds (seeds of vitis vinifera), devitalized seeds of vegetable species, agricultural and food residues, compost, organic conditioners, organic fertilizers, hoof and horn meal, roasted leather waste, vegetable waste, and normally a desired organic material of vegetable origin in granules and/or loose fibres.
According to the invention and as shown in Figs. from to 10, the fibres of artificial material 20 have a profiled shape comprising a main blade 21 and at least one side wing 22. In particular, side wing 22 comprises a proximal portion 22′ connected to main blade 21, a distal portion 22″ opposite to proximal portion 22′ and a central portion 22″′ between them. More precisely, side wing 22 has a curved profile suitable for forming a channel 25 arranged substantially parallel to main blade 21.
In an exemplary embodiment shown in
In the exemplary embodiment of
In the exemplary embodiment shown in
In a further exemplary embodiment of the invention and shown in
In the exemplary embodiment of
In all the different exemplary embodiments above described, channel 25 is adapted to keep a certain amount of irrigation water, or rainwater, absorbed in the loose infill material 50. This provides favourable conditions of humidity to the vegetative development of the vegetable species 30 (
The fibres 20 are preferably obtained from a process for extrusion of plastic material using a die with a profile corresponding to the desired profile (
In an exemplary embodiment of the invention shown in
Therefore, the vegetable species 30 roots exclusively above impermeable layer 13.
In the exemplary embodiment of
Draining layer 10″' can be a three-dimensional network of randomly interwoven filaments of plastic material and capable of giving a resilient response. In particular, the filaments of plastic material may have a diameter set between 0.2 and 1.5 mm, advantageously between 0.5 and 1 mm, preferably between 0.8 and 0.9 mm.
In
The foregoing description of a specific embodiment will so fully reveal the invention according to the conceptual point of view, so that others, by applying current knowledge, will be able to modify and/or adapt for various applications such an embodiment without further research and without parting from the invention, and it is therefore to be understood that such adaptations and modifications will have to be considered as equivalent to the specific embodiment. The means and the materials to realise the different functions described herein could have a different nature without, for this reason, departing from the field of the invention. It is to be understood that the phraseology or terminology employed herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IB2009/007271 | 10/30/2009 | WO | 00 | 7/17/2012 |
