Patent Application
20230183046
The present application claims priority to German Patent Application No. 10 2021 132 913.2 filed on Dec. 14, 2021. The entire contents of the above-listed application are hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes.
The present invention relates to a mobile crane, in particular to a crawler crane, in accordance with the preamble of claim 1 and to a placement device for said crane.
Mobile cranes or traveling cranes typically have an undercarriage having a wheeled chassis or a crawler chassis, a superstructure rotatably supported on the undercarriage, a boom pivotably or luffably attached to the superstructure, and a counterweight device. The counterweight produces a counter torque to the load torque via a lever arm in every position of the superstructure and therefore rotates along with the superstructure.
It is known from the prior art here to configure the counterweight device as a ballasting device that is able to actively pick up and place down counterweight element or counterweight plates placed down outside the superstructure. The ballasting device for this purpose typically comprises one or more ballast cylinders as a hoisting device, said ballast cylinders being able to extend downward, to engage into the counterweight elements, and to hoist them upward to the superstructure. Such a ballasting device is known, for example. from DE 296 21 600 U1.
With mobile cranes whose undercarriages have a wheeled chassis, the counterweight elements can as a rule be placed down directly on the undercarriage and can be raised from this position to the superstructure by means of the hoisting device.
With crawler cranes, however, no placement area is provided as standard in the range of the ballasting device of the superstructure so that the counterweight elements typically have to be placed down on the ground and be picked up from there by means of the ballasting device. Since, however, there is in particular frequently no flat surface available in the construction site area in which crawler cranes are deployed, problems can occur in the placing down or picking up of the counterweight elements.
Preparing the counterweight on the ground for the installation on the superstructure of the crawler crane and stacking it thereon moreover has the general disadvantage that there is no spatial relationship between the positions of the counterweight mount on the superstructure and the stacked counterweight elements. The alignment of said elements with respect to one another is extremely complex at times.
It has therefore been proposed in DE 20 2008 008 595 U1 to provide a cantilever frame on the undercarriage of a crawler crane for the placement of counterweight plates from where the counterweight plates can be picked up by the ballasting device at a specific rotational position of the superstructure. It is, however, disadvantageous in this solution that the cantilever frame can only be separated from the undercarriage in a complex manner It consequently remains attached to the undercarriage as a rule. This makes the undercarriage longer and thus degrades its maneuverability (greater turning radius of the undercarriage) on the construction site.
Against this background, it is the underlying object of the present invention to further develop a mobile crane of the category such that a ballasting from the ground is avoided, but at the same time the maneuverability of the crane is not impaired.
This object is satisfied in accordance with the invention by a mobile crane having the features of claim 1 and by a placement device having the features of claim 15. Advantageous embodiments of the invention result from the dependent claims and from the following description.
Accordingly, on the one hand, a mobile crane, in particular a crawler crane, is proposed that comprises a mobile undercarriage and a superstructure rotatably supported on the undercarriage and having a boom and a ballasting device. The ballasting device is adapted to pick up or place down one or more counterweight elements by means of a hoisting device. The hoisting device can be one or more hydraulic ballast cylinders, for example.
In accordance with the invention, a placement device is provided that is connected to the undercarriage and comprises at least one movable placement part that is movable from a travel position into a placement position and vice versa. In this respect, the travel position is characterized in that the length of the undercarriage is reduced, in particular minimized, whereas the placement position is characterized in that counterweight elements can be placed on the placement part (or can be picked up by it) by means of the ballasting device and the length of the undercarriage is increased, in particular maximized to a required degree, in comparison with the travel position. No counterweight elements are preferably supportable on the placement device or placement part in the travel position whereas the crane is movable on the construction site in the travel position. The placement position can also be called an installation position.
Ballasting from the undercarriage is possible by the solution in accordance with the invention, which facilitates the positioning of the counterweight elements and of the ballasting device with respect to one another and does not require a flat surface. The possibility of moving the placement device into a space saving travel position after ballasting has taken place at the same time provides good maneuverability of the crane in the ballasted state since the undercarriage is in particular not increased significantly in length with respect to conventional models.
The placement device is considered as part of the undercarriage in the present case (at least in a state in which the placement device is installed on the undercarriage). A decrease or increase of the length of the placement device thus corresponds to a decrease or increase of the length of the undercarriage.
It is conceivable in practice that the movable placement part (in the following only called a placement part) can be pivoted, displaced or extended, folded, or otherwise moved. A combination of a plurality of movement forms is also conceivable. The placement part is, however, preferably simply pivoted about a pivot axle that is in particular vertically aligned to move it to and fro between the travel position and the placement position. In the travel position, the placement part is preferably folded inward and folded outward in the placement position.
Provision is made in a possible embodiment that the placement device is adapted to remain at the undercarriage during crane operation and/or during the moving of the crane. In principle, the placement device could be a fixed component of the undercarriage and can be fixedly attached, for example welded, to the frame or center frame part of the undercarriage. A releasable connection to the undercarriage or to its center frame part is preferred, however, due to the higher flexibility. The placement device could thus also be fully dismantled from the crane as required, for example to reduce weight for road transport. In this case, the placement device can have corresponding connection means for a releasable connection to the undercarriage or to a frame or center frame part of the undercarriage.
Provision is made in a further possible embodiment that the at least one placement part extends substantially transversely to the longitudinal axis of the undercarriage in the travel position and can be outwardly pivoted in the placement position in which the at least one placement part in particular extends substantially in parallel with the longitudinal axis of the undercarriage.
The at least one placement part preferably has one or more placement areas at an upper side on which counterweight elements can be placed. A defined placement or contact surface thereby results for the counterweight element or elements so that it/they can be supported, and optionally positioned, in a stable and secure manner
Provision is made in a further possible embodiment that the placement part is pivotably supported about a vertical pivot axle. The pivot axis is here preferably off center, i.e. laterally offset with respect to the longitudinal axis of the undercarriage, and in particular at the side of the placement device. In the travel position, the placement part preferably lies on the placement device (or on that part of the placement device that comprises the pivot axle) whereas it projects therefrom in the placement position.
The support of the placement part can take place via one or more low friction bronze bushes.
Provision is made in a further possible embodiment that the pivotable support of the at least one placement part takes place via two separate pivot bearings that are arranged above one another. The pivot axle here can be divided into two in its entirety, with one of the divided pivot axles being able to be assigned to each pivot bearing in the latter case. The pivot bearings are preferably configured differently, i.e. are not of the identical shape. Two pivot bearings are preferably provided per placement part, with in principle also more than two pivot bearings per placement part being conceivable.
Provision is made in a further possible embodiment that a lower pivot bearing is thicker than an upper pivot bearing. This can in particular mean that the lower pivot bearing has a greater thickness, at least in the vertical direction, than the upper pivot bearing.
The upper pivot bearing is preferably adapted to take up predominantly horizontal forces. Alternatively or additionally, the lower pivot bearing can be adapted to take up horizontal and vertical forces, in particular predominantly the vertically acting weight force of the counterweight elements placed on the placement part.
Provision is made in a further possible embodiment that the at least one placement part has locking means by means of which it can be locked in the travel position and in the placement position respectively. Provision can be made here that the locking takes place manually, for example by placing a locking bolt, or via an actuator.
It is likewise conceivable that the at least one placement part is pivoted by means of an actuator, in particular a hydraulic cylinder, with the locking of the placement part taking place via a fixing or locking of the actuator.
The simplest design results, however, when a locking bolt is placed to lock the at least one placement part, in particular manually, and is able to be pushed into corresponding bolt mounts.
Provision is made in a further possible embodiment that the locking means are formed at one of the pivot bearings, in particular at an upper pivot bearing. They can be fastened to the pivot bearing or can be formed integrally therein.
The locking means preferably comprise or are cutouts, in particular bolt mounts, into which a locking element, in particular a locking bolt, can be pushed in the corresponding travel or placement position of the placement part.
Provision is made in a further possible embodiment that the placement device comprises a first and a second placement part, that is at least two movable placement parts, on which counterweight elements can be placed in the placement position. The placement parts are preferably pivotable about vertical (i.e. parallel) pivot axles that are spaced apart from one another and that are in particular located laterally at oppositely disposed sides of the placement device. Exactly two movable placement parts are preferably provided.
Provision is made in a further possible embodiment that the placement device comprises two parallel frame parts, in particular plate-like frame parts or frame plates, to whose front sides the placement parts are connected in an articulated manner
The frame plates are preferably connected, in particular bolted, directly to the undercarriage.
The term “plate-like frame part” or “frame plate” is to be given a broad interpretation here and is not restricted to actual (continuous) plates. Flat frame parts are rather also covered thereby having cutouts and/or bracings, for example checkered elements or framework elements. The frame parts are, however, preferably thick metal sheets or side walls in which the pivot axles of the placement parts are received.
The frame parts in particular conduct the forces exerted by the placed down counterweight elements into the undercarriage construction or the center frame part.
Provision is made in a further possible embodiment that the frame parts have different extents or lengths in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the undercarriage and that the pivot axles of the placement parts have a different distance from the undercarriage or center frame part (i.e. also a different distance from the axis of rotation of the superstructure). It is thereby possible to arrange the placement parts “behind one another” in the travel position, i.e. the inwardly folded placement parts are not disposed in a common plane.
The placement parts are preferably plate-like and are respectively aligned in parallel with one another in the travel and placement positions, i.e. the flat sides of the placement parts face one another. The distance of the parallel placement parts from one another in the travel position is in particular smaller than in the placement position.
The placement parts are therefore in particular outwardly pivoted from the travel position by 90° into their placement position. In principle, however, maximum pivot angles for the placement position are also conceivable that are greater or smaller than 90°, for example a maximum pivot angle between 45° and 90° or between 90° and 135°. This can also depend on the size and shape of the counterweight elements to be placed down and on the width of the undercarriage. It must ultimately be ensured that the counterweight elements are supportable in a secure and stable manner on the placement parts that are outwardly pivoted or in the placement position.
Provision is made in a further possible embodiment that the placement device comprises at least one centering element that is configured to cooperate with a corresponding counter-centering element at the lower side of a counterweight element for the fine positioning of the counterweight element to be placed on the placement device. It is thereby ensured that the hoisting device of the ballasting device can precisely take up the counterweight elements. The counterweight elements are correctly aligned by the centering element so that a complex manual alignment can be dispensed with.
The at least one centering element is preferably arranged at an upper side of the placement device and/or is formed as an upwardly protruding projection. A corresponding recess into which the projection travels on the placement can be provided as a counter-centering element at the counterweight element. The recess can be chamfered or conical in the region of the opening to facilitate the placement or the introduction of the centering element.
At least two centering elements are provided in a further possible embodiment. In this respect, at least one centering element is fixedly connected to each of the frame parts, i.e. the centering elements do not move along with the placement parts. Since the positions of the centering elements require a high accuracy, an attachment to the movable placement parts would not be constructive.
A separation of the centering elements and the placement parts is therefore ideally provided so that the relative position of the centering elements with respect to the axis of rotation of the superstructure is always identical. The advantage further results that the force that occur on the alignment of the counterweight elements are not to be conducted via the pivot bearings of the placement parts. The centering elements are furthermore sensibly not attachable to the placement parts due to their space requirements and are consequently advantageously fastened as weld constructions to the frame parts. Bracings between the placement parts are hereby avoidable and the number of loose parts is reduced.
Provision is made in a further possible embodiment that the placement device comprises a ballast element and acts as central ballast. In this respect, any structure can be considered a ballast element whose primary function is the generation of a corresponding weight force. The central ballast does not move along with the superstructure or the load, but rather generally increases the mass of the undercarriage and acts independently of the position/location of the load.
Such a central ballast could in principle be provided both at the front and at the rear at the undercarriage, with either a central ballast (for example the rear one) or even both central ballast devices being able to be formed as a placement device.
The ballast element can be integrated in the bearing structure of the placement device (is formed in one piece of fixedly connected) or can be releasably connected thereto, for example by means of bolts and/or screws.
The placement device can be considered either as a central ballast itself or as part of the central ballast.
The placement device, as described above, preferably comprises two parallel frame parts, in particular frame plates, to whose front sides a respective placement part is connected in an articulated manner, with the ballast element being arranged between the frame parts. The frame parts and the ballast element can be fixedly or non-releasably connected to one another or they can be releasably connected to one another, for example by means of bolts and/or screws.
The placement device could alternatively also be directly attached to the center frame part of the undercarriage. It is in in principle conceivable here that the at least one pivotable placement part is directly connected in an articulated manner to the center frame part of the undercarriage. Two pivotable placement parts are preferably in turn provided, with their pivot axles advantageously being arranged offset from one another, as described above. In such an embodiment, only one of the two placement parts could also be fastened to the frame part to facilitate the offsetting of the pivot axles. Instead of a frame part, the rearwardly offset placement part could, however, also be pivotably supported at a projection of the center frame part or at a different element connected to the center frame part.
The at least one placement part can be movable manually or by means of an actuator, in particular a hydraulic cylinder.
The present invention furthermore relates to a placement device for a crane in accordance with the invention. In this respect, the same advantages and properties obviously result as for the crane in accordance with the invention so that a repeat description will be dispensed with at this point.
Further features, details, and advantages of the invention result from the embodiment explained in the following with reference to the Figures. There are shown:
A crawler crane 1 of the category such as is known from DE 20 2008 008 595 U1 is shown in
Plate-like counterweight elements 22, 22′ can be taken up and placed down by means of the ballasting device 20 at the superstructure 14 in a manner known per se by means of a hoisting device 24 (i.e. at the superstructure 14 to form the superstructure ballast). As can be recognized in
Provision can be made in this respect that the counterweight plates 22, 22′ can be connected to the ballasting device 20 or to the ballast mount. Provision can alternatively or additionally be made that the pressure in the ballast cylinders is maintained, for example by corresponding hydraulic reservoirs, such that the counterweight plates 22, 22′ remain at the superstructure 14.
With the crane 1 shown in
For this reason, with the crane 10 in accordance with the invention, that is shown in a side view in
The placement device 30 in accordance with the invention is at the same time configured as central ballast for the crane 10 in the embodiment shown here and has a corresponding ballast element 36. The placement device 30 comprises plate-like frame parts 33, 34, that can also be called side walls 33, 34 of the ballast element 36, at the side, that is at the sides of the ballast element 36 facing the crawler carriers 18. These side walls 33, 34 are formed as comparatively thick to be able to reliably take up the forces that occur and to be able to transfer them to the center frame part 6 of the undercarriage 12. The side walls 33, 34 have connection means, via which the placement device 30 is releasably connectable to corresponding connection means 8 of the center frame part 6, at the ends or front sides facing the center frame part 6.
The ballast element 36 can be fixedly, i.e. non-releasably, or releasably connected to the frame parts 33, 34, for example by means of screws and/or bolts. The ballast element 36 can be integrated in the bearing structure of the placement device 30.
The placement device 30 in accordance with the invention can be simply retrofitted in existing cranes by the linking of the function or assembly of “foldable counterweight placement area” with the central ballast. The reworked central ballast is attached to the center frame part 6 of the crawler crane 10 for this purpose.
In an alternative embodiment, the placement parts 31, 32 could be directly connected in an articulated manner to the center frame part 6 of the undercarriage 12 without the frame parts 33, 34, that is in particular the placement device 30 can be attached to the undercarriage 12 without a ballast element 36 and side walls 33, 34.
As can be seen in
Alternatively, the placement device 30 could also be provided and/or be fixedly (i.e. non-releasably) fastened to the center frame part without a ballast element 36.
At the ends of the side walls 33, 34 (in the embodiment shown here, they are the ends disposed opposite the connection means to the center frame part 6) remote from the axis of rotation 13 of the superstructure 14, plate-like placement parts 31, 32 are pivotably supported that can also be called folding metal sheets 31, 32. For this purpose, each side wall 33, 34 has a pivot axle divided into two (with an upper and lower pivot axle) that is integrated into the metal sheet of the respective side wall 33, 34. The corresponding support parts can be low friction bronze bushes.
To reduce the weight and to optimally introduce the forces into the side walls 33, 34, the placement parts 31, 32 in the present case are shaped more or less as triangular or have a chamfered side, with other shapes naturally also being conceivable, for example a rectangular shape.
In the travel position, the placement parts 31, 32 are folded in and contact the ballast element 36 (cf.
In the placement position (cf.
The placement parts 31, 32 each have an upper pivot bearing 61 associated with the upper pivot axle and a lower pivot bearing 62 associated with the lower pivot axle. The upper pivot bearing 61 is primarily adapted to take up the horizontal forces. The lower pivot bearing 62 is primarily provided to take up forces in the vertical direction (this is substantially the weight force of the counterweight plates 22, 22′ placed on the placement parts). For this purpose, the lower pivot bearing 62 is thicker/higher than the upper pivot bearing 61. The lower pivot bearing 62 naturally also has to take up the oppositely disposed horizontal forces from the force pair together with the upper pivot bearing 61.
Alternatively or additionally, the upper and lower pivot axles can be of different thicknesses to be able to ideally take up and introduce the differently acting forces.
The placement parts 31, 32 can each be locked in the travel and placement positions. For this purpose, in the embodiment shown in the present case, two respective recesses or bolt mounts 71, 32 that act as first and second locking means 71, 72 are formed in the upper pivot bearings 61. A locking bolt 74 is furthermore provided with a handle in each of the two side walls 33, 34, with the locking bolt 74 being pushable into the first bolt mount 71 in the travel position and into the second bolt mount 72 in the placement position to lock the corresponding placement part 31, 32 in this position. The side walls 33, 34 are thick enough to completely receive the locking bolts 74.
In the embodiment shown here, the locking bolts 74 are manually pushed into the bolt mounts 71, 72. The placement parts 31, 32 are likewise manually pivoted between the travel and placement positions. The locking and/or pivoting can, however, alternatively also take place by corresponding actuators, for example hydraulic cylinders.
The locked placement position is shown in a sectional view through the left side wall 34 in
In principle, the bolt mounts 71, 72 could also be formed in the lower pivot bearing 62 and the locking bolts 74 could correspondingly be supported in the lower regions of the side walls 33, 34.
Both placement parts 31, 32 carry out a pivot movement about their respective pivot axles. Consequently, they cannot be arranged in a common plane in the travel position due to the required distance from the axis of rotation 13 and thus also due to their own required lengths. For this reason, one of the pivot axles of the placement parts 31, 32 has a greater distance from the axis of rotation 13 or from the ballast element 36 than the pivot axle of the other placement part 31 (see
As already stated, the respective side wall 33 and 34 also serves as a mount for the locking bolt 74. To avoid a complex weld construction, the side walls 33, 34 are particularly thick. The bores for the receivers of the locking bolts 74 are thus directly introduced into the metal sheets of the side walls 33, 34 and there is still enough material for a secure connection.
The total central ballast 30 has a new design in comparison with known cranes to be able to satisfy the set tasks. This includes the thick side walls 33, 34 and the thick connection elements 8 to the undercarriage 12 or center frame part 6, the different designs of the side walls 33, 34, the placement parts 31, 32 connected in an articulated manner, and the locking mechanism 71, 72, 74.
An operating error must also be taken into account here. The counterweight mount device or the ballasting device 20 has thick ballast cylinders 24. If the superstructure 14 is not in the correct position to travel into the cutouts provided for this purpose in the counterweight plates 22, 22′, the ballast cylinders 24 press onto the counterweight plates 22, 22′ and increase the load on all the components. The placement device 30 is adapted to such a case and all the major elements are correspondingly dimensioned.
The placement parts 31, 32 have placement areas 40, 41 on the upper sides that are contacted by the lowest placed down counterweight plate 22′ or on which the latter is supported. A defined contact surface thereby results for the counterweight. Each placement part 31, 32 has a rear placement area 40 in the region of the pivot axle and a front placement area 41 at the oppositely disposed end (in a plan view). The rear placement area 40 of the placement part 32, whose pivot axle is further spaced apart (at the left in
Two centering elements 50 are provided to precisely position the counterweight plates 22, 22′ or to exactly fix their alignment and position relative to the axis of rotation 13 of the superstructure 14 and thus to enable a smooth engagement of the ballast cylinders 24 in the corresponding cutouts of the counterweight plates 22, 22′
The centering elements 50 are outwardly attached to the side walls 33, 34, and indeed in the region of the locking bolts 74 (cf.
The centering elements 50 are arranged at upper sides of fastening pieces 52 laterally welded to the side walls 33, 34 and project upwardly. In the embodiment shown here, the centering elements 50 are substantially of cylindrical shape and have an introduction chamfer (i.e. the upper edge is chamfered to enable an easier threading), with other shapes also being conceivable. The lowest counterweight plates 22,' has complementary recesses or counter-bores 26 at the corresponding points at the lower side and the centering elements 50 travel into them on the placing down of the counterweight plates 22′ (cf. the sectional view of
If the crane operator stacks the counterweight plates 22, 22′ on the undercarriage 12 using his own boom 16, he lowers the first counterweight plate 22′ in its approximate position. In this respect, the recesses 26 in the counterweight plate 22′ contact the centering elements 50 and the counterweight plate 22′ is aligned in its assembly position. The counterweight plate 22′ lies on the placement areas 40, 41 by a further lowering of it. Further counterweight plates 22 are stacked in an analogous manner The lowest counterweight plate 22′ can also have further connection means known from the prior art for the connection to the superstructure 14 (cf.
The further counterweight plates 22′ can be formed identically or differently.
Instead of continuous side walls 33, 34 or metal side plates, other designs, e.g. lattice-like or checkered frame structures, can also be used. This also applies alternatively or additionally to the placement parts 31, 32.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 2021 132 913.2 | Dec 2021 | DE | national |
