Patent Grant
11904659
This application is a national phase of PCT/DK2018/050043, filed on Mar. 8, 2018, which claims the benefit of Danish Patent Application No. PA 2017 70171 filed on Mar. 9, 2017. The entire contents of these applications are hereby incorporated by reference.
The invention relates to a mobile accommodation vehicle comprising a first free flow opening enabling free airflow between the inside and the outside of the vehicle and a second free flow opening also enabling free airflow between the inside and the outside of the vehicle, wherein the first free flow opening is arranged higher than the second free flow opening in the accommodation vehicle.
The invention further relates to a method for ventilating a mobile accommodation vehicle.
In many countries it is a legal requirement that mobile leisure accommodation vehicles—such as RVs, caravans, mobile homes and other—are provided with at least two free flow ventilation holes to provide an unhindered supply of fresh air inside the mobile accommodation vehicle at all times to thereby ensure that the CO2 level inside the mobile accommodation vehicle remains at an acceptable level even if many people are present inside the mobile accommodation vehicle or if an open flame is present inside the vehicle e.g. in the form of an open flame heater or a gas stove.
Different countries have different legal requirement but in most cases, it is a requirement that a large hole of a certain size is formed in or at the roof of the vehicle and a smaller hole of a certain size is formed in or at the floor of the vehicle, so that fresh air may flow in through one of the holes and out through the other—depending on if the inside of the mobile accommodation vehicle is hotter or colder than the outside of the mobile accommodation vehicle.
However, in the summertime the mobile accommodation vehicle is often air conditioned to ensure a comfortable low temperature level inside the vehicle and in the wintertime, it is heated to ensure a comfortable high temperature level inside the vehicle. This temperature difference between the inside and the outside of the vehicle will through convection aid in creating a significant air flow through the mentioned holes and it therefore can require a lot of energy to maintain a desired temperature level inside vehicle.
An object of the invention is therefore to provide for advantageous technique for ventilating a mobile accommodation vehicle.
The invention provides for a mobile accommodation vehicle comprising a first free flow opening enabling free airflow between the inside and the outside of the vehicle and a second free flow opening also enabling free airflow between the inside and the outside of the vehicle, wherein the first free flow opening is arranged higher than the second free flow opening in the accommodation vehicle. The first free flow opening or the second free flow opening is provided with heat recovery ventilation means and the heat recovery ventilation means is arranged to enable free air flow through the heat recovery ventilation means, when the heat recovery ventilation means is not in operation or the heat recovery ventilation means is provided in a third free flow opening if passage through the heat recovery ventilation means is blocked or at least substantially reduced when the heat recovery ventilation means is not in operation.
Providing one of the free flow openings with the heat recovery ventilation means is advantageous in that it allows for energy conservation by transferring energy from outgoing to incoming air or vice versa. This will reduce cost and save energy for heating the vehicle during cold periods or cooling the vehicle during warm periods.
But if the heat recovery ventilation means for some reason is not in operation it is advantageous that a free flow of air can be established through the heat recovery ventilation means or that the vehicle is provided in a third free flow opening so that an air flow between two different openings can be established at all times no matter if the heat recovery ventilation means is in operation or not.
Furthermore, the legal requirements to the free flow opening often enables a large air flow which can be quite unpleasant to the users of the vehicle (particularly if it is cold outside) and by arranging heat recovery ventilation means in at least one of the free air flow openings, a more pleasant indoor environment can be established.
It should be emphasised that by the term “heat recovery ventilation means” is to be understood any kind of heat recovery ventilator capable of actively generating an air flow by means of an air flow generator—such as a waving or rotating fan—which at the same time comprises heat recovery means—such as a regenerator, a recuperator, a heat exchanger or other devices (also known as air exchanger, an air-to-air heat exchanger or other)—or any other kind of heat recovery device, which e.g. employs a cross flow or counter-flow to exchange heat (countercurrent heat exchange) between the inbound and outbound air flow through the heat recovery ventilation means. I.e. the heat recovery ventilation means can comprise any kind of heat transfer system capable of actively moving energy between inflow air and outflow air e.g. by means of water or another media or it could comprise any other heat transfer system or arrangement suitable for transferring heat between different air flows (e.g. a heat pump).
It should also be emphasised that by the term “mobile accommodation vehicle” is to be understood any kind of caravan, mobile home, trailer, recreational vehicle, autocamper or similar devices suitable for accommodating a smaller number of people—usually maximum six persons— (e.g. during a holiday) [and being small and compact so that the vehicle is mobile]. The mobility is typically also enabled in that the vehicle rests on wheels (or caterpillar tracks, runners or other). In some embodiments, the mobile accommodation vehicle is designed to be propelled by another vehicle and in some embodiments, the mobile accommodation vehicle could be self-propelled.
It should further be emphasised that by the term “free flow opening” is to understood an opening between the inside and the outside of the vehicle through which air may flow freely and un-driven.
In an aspect of the invention, the mobile accommodation vehicle comprises control means arranged to generate a balanced air flow through the heat recovery ventilation means enabling that when the heat recovery ventilation means is in operation, the inflow through the heat recovery ventilation means will be substantially equal to the outflow through the heat recovery ventilation means.
If the vehicle only comprises two free flow openings and the heat recovery ventilation means is arranged in one of them, it is advantageous to balance air flow through the heat recovery ventilation means in that the air flow through the other free flow opening hereby is reduced.
In this context, the term “control means” should be understood as any kind of controller capable of controlling the operation of at least parts of the heat recovery ventilation means—i.e. any kind of logic circuit, Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), computer or other.
In an aspect of the invention, the mobile accommodation vehicle comprises air flow measuring means for measuring an inflow and an outflow through at least one of the first free flow opening, the second free flow opening or the third free flow opening and/or pressure differential measuring means for measuring a pressure differential between the inside and of outside of the mobile accommodation vehicle.
Providing the vehicle with air flow measuring means and/or pressure differential measuring means is advantageous in that such means enables that the heat recovery ventilation means can be controlled to operate more efficiently.
In this context the term “air flow measuring means” should be understood as any kind of air flow measuring sensor capable of measuring an air flow through at least one of the free flow openings or at the heat recovery ventilation means—i.e. any kind of Laser Doppler anemometer, hot wire meter, hot film meters, Ultrasonic anemometer or other devices capable of more or less directly measuring the air flow or it could be any kind of device capable of deducting the air flow on the basis of e.g. pressure differential across an opening, static versus dynamic pressure, cooling level of a heated element, heat transfer differences, ventilator loading, Vortex patterns, Coriolis effect, rotating anemometer speed, acoustic echoes, heat capacity ratios, temperature change rates or other known air flow measurement method.
Also, in this context the term “pressure differential measuring means” should be understood as any kind of pressure differential sensor capable of measuring the pressure differential between the inside and of outside of the mobile accommodation vehicle at a free flow opening or at the heat recovery ventilation means at substantially the same height—i.e. any kind of pressure sensor, manometer, Aneroid gauges, air flow measurement over flow restriction or other.
In an aspect of the invention, the heat recovery ventilation means is arranged in the first free flow opening.
Arranging the heat recovery ventilation means in the highest free flow opening is advantageous in that the “polluted” hot air will rise upwards and because it provides better comfort inside the vehicle if the air inflow is established at the vehicle roof.
In an aspect of the invention, the heat recovery ventilation means is arranged in the second free flow opening.
The lower free flow opening is usually substantially smaller than the upper opening and it is therefore advantageous to fit the heat recovery ventilation means in the second free flow opening in that the heat recovery ventilation means hereby can be formed smaller and less costly.
In an aspect of the invention, the heat recovery ventilation means is arranged in both the first free flow opening and the second free flow opening.
Arranging heat recovery ventilation means in both the free flow openings is advantageous in that it allows for synchronous operation of the two heat recovery ventilation means so that when one is creating an inflow the other is creating an outflow, thus enabling that pressure, temperature, air flow and other may be better controlled.
In an aspect of the invention, the first free flow opening is arranged in a roof surface of the mobile accommodation vehicle and/or wherein the second free flow opening is arranged in a floor surface of the mobile accommodation vehicle.
Arranging the first free flow opening substantially as high as possible in the mobile accommodation vehicle and the second free flow opening substantially as low as possible in the mobile accommodation vehicle is advantageous in that a stronger and more efficient air flow can hereby be formed through the vehicle.
In an aspect of the invention, the heat recovery ventilation means comprises an emergency air flow device arranged to enable free flow through an emergency free flow opening if the heat recovery ventilation means is malfunctioning or out of operation.
Blocking the emergency free flow opening when the heat recovery ventilation means is operating as intended, is advantageous in that a more efficient heat recovery hereby can be established. However, if the heat recovery ventilation means does not operate as intended, it is advantageous that the emergency air flow device will actively enable free flow through the emergency free flow opening so that an air flow may be established between a free flow opening and the emergency free flow opening. The emergency air flow device will be designed to be substantially fail-safe so that a free air flow may always be established through the emergency free flow opening if the heat recovery ventilation means is malfunctioning or out of operation.
It should be emphasised that by the term “emergency air flow device” is to be understood any kind of actuatable air flow blocking device capable of optionally blocking an air flow through an opening—such as any kind of valve, air strangler, throttle, register, gate, slide, damper, air-flow-counteracting ventilator or any other.
In an aspect of the invention, the mobile accommodation vehicle rests on wheels of the mobile accommodation vehicle.
Hereby is achieved an advantageous embodiment of the invention.
In an aspect of the invention, the mobile accommodation vehicle comprises control means arranged to control the operation of the heat recovery ventilation means so that the pressure inside the mobile accommodation vehicle is substantially equal to the pressure outside the mobile accommodation vehicle.
Controlling the heat recovery ventilation means so that the air pressure inside the vehicle is substantially equal to the air pressure outside the vehicle—at a given height e.g. at a free flow opening or at the heat recovery ventilation means—is advantageous in that this will reduce air flow through free openings in the vehicle (ventilation openings or other opening) and thereby reduce energy loss and increase the effect of the heat recovery ventilation means.
In an aspect of the invention, the heat recovery ventilation means comprises a regenerator.
A regenerator is very effective as a temporary heat storage element and a regenerator is relatively inexpensive and simple to produce. Furthermore, a regenerator is relatively small and therefore requires a smaller opening in the vehicle structure.
The invention further provides for a method for ventilating a mobile accommodation vehicle comprising a first free flow opening capable of enabling free airflow between the inside and the outside of the accommodation vehicle and a second free flow opening also capable of enabling free airflow between the inside and the outside of the accommodation vehicle. The first free flow opening is arranged higher than the second free flow opening in the accommodation vehicle and the mobile accommodation vehicle further comprises heat recovery ventilation means, wherein the heat recovery ventilation means is controlled to reduce the free air flow through at least one of the first free flow opening or the second free flow opening.
Operating the heat recovery ventilation means so that air flow through at least one of the free flow openings is reduced is advantageous in that it will reduce energy loss and increase the effect of the heat recovery ventilation means.
In an aspect of the invention, the method further comprises the steps of:
Controlling the air flow through the heat recovery ventilation means on the basis of the measurements of air flow through a free flow opening and/or the heat recovery ventilation means is advantageous in that this will enable a better and more efficient control of the heat recovery ventilation means and/or better and more efficient control of the air flow through free flow openings.
In an embodiment, the heat recovery ventilation means could be controlled so that the internal pressure level is controlled with the purpose to control the air flow (e.g. leak flow) through other openings in the vehicle than the one in which the heat recovery ventilation means is located. As an example, the pressure inside the vehicle could be controlled to a level below the pressure outside the vehicle to avoid moisture build-ups around leaking spots when it is cold outside the vehicle. Another purpose of controlling the differential pressure is to deliberately use a passive free flow opening in the vehicle as a controlled ventilation opening, e.g. as a base level ventilation in a bathroom.
The predefined pressure level could be an absolute pressure level or the predefined pressure level, in relation to which the heat recovery ventilation means attempts to control the pressure in the vehicle, could also be defined as a given pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the vehicle, i.e. the inside pressure level is controlled relatively to the pressure outside the vehicle—e.g. with a predefined offset.
A predefined offset level could be static or it could vary dynamically in relation to time of day, time of year, the operational status of the vehicles air conditioning system, heater systems or in relation to a number of other factors.
In an aspect of the invention, the method further comprises the steps of:
Hereby is achieved an advantageous embodiment of the invention.
In an aspect of the invention, the heat recovery ventilation means is controlled so that an inflow through the heat recovery ventilation means is substantially equal to an outflow through the heat recovery ventilation means.
Controlling the heat recovery ventilation means so that the inflow is substantially equal to the outflow is advantageous in that it reduces air flow through the free flow openings and thereby increases efficiency of the heat recovery ventilation means. Hereby a better heat recovery is achieved by the heat recovery ventilation means and if only one other free flow opening is present a reduction of the air flow through this opening is also achieved.
In an aspect of the invention, the heat recovery ventilation means is controlled so that the pressure inside the mobile accommodation vehicle is substantially equal to the pressure outside the mobile accommodation vehicle.
Controlling the heat recovery ventilation means so that the inside and the outside pressure, at a given height, at a given opening, is substantially maintained equal is advantageous in that energy loss hereby is more efficiently reduced.
In an aspect of the invention, the method further comprises monitoring the quality of the air inside the mobile accommodation vehicle and controlling the operation of the heat recovery ventilation means in response to the monitoring.
Further controlling the heat recovery ventilation means in relation to CO2 level, CO level, VOC level, temperature, air humidity or other is advantageous in that further functionality is hereby added to the heat recovery ventilation means, providing greater comport to the vehicle users. In another embodiment, the heat recovery ventilation means could also or instead be controlled in relation to energy consumption, comfort level or other.
In an aspect of the invention, the method is a method for ventilating a mobile accommodation vehicle according to any of previously mentioned vehicles.
The invention will be described in the following with reference to the figures in which
In this embodiment, the mobile accommodation vehicle 1 comprises a first free flow opening 2 arranged in the roof surface 8 of the vehicle 1 and a second free flow opening 3 arranged in the floor surface 9 of the vehicle 1 to space the openings 2,3 vertically far apart, so that the first free flow opening 2 is placed considerably higher than the second free flow opening 3. However, in another embodiment the first free flow opening 2, the second free flow opening 3 and/or other openings could be located in walls of the vehicle 1.
In this embodiment, the first free flow opening 2 is provided with heat recovery ventilation means 4 which in this embodiment is a regenerator including an air flow generator 13 comprising a separate inflow generator 15 and a separate outflow generator 16. However, in another embodiment heat recovery ventilation means 4 could be of another type as will be discussed later and/or the heat recovery ventilation means 4 could comprise more air flow generators 13 or the heat recovery ventilation means 4 could comprise a single air flow generator 13 arranged to alternately generate the inflow and the outflow as will be discussed in relation to
In this embodiment, the heat recovery ventilation means 4 is designed so that when the heat recovery ventilation means 4 is not in operation, air may flow freely between the inside and the outside of the vehicle 1 through the heat recovery ventilation means 4. Thus, even if the heat recovery ventilation means 4 is malfunctioning or not working at all, an air flow can always be generated through the first free flow opening 2 and the second free flow opening 3.
In this embodiment, the heat recovery ventilation means 4 is controlled so that the inflow through the heat recovery ventilation means 4 is substantially equal to the outflow through the heat recovery ventilation means 4. Thereby the inflow and/or the outflow through the second free flow opening 3 will be reduced in most cases.
In another embodiment, the heat recovery ventilation means 4 could further comprises sensors or other similar means for monitoring the quality of the air inside the mobile accommodation vehicle 1 and then also control the operation of the heat recovery ventilation means 4 in response to this monitoring.
In this embodiment, the heat recovery ventilation means 4 is designed so that when the heat recovery ventilation means 4 is not in operation, the passage through the heat recovery ventilation means 4 is blocked or at least severely reduced. Thus, to ensure that an air flow can always be generated through two vertically separated free flow openings 2, 3, the heat recovery ventilation means 4 is in this embodiment provided with a third free flow opening 5 in which the heat recovery ventilation means 4 is installed.
This solution is similar to the solution displayed in
In this embodiment, the mobile accommodation vehicle 1 comprise pressure differential measuring means 17 for measuring a pressure differential between the inside and the outside of the mobile accommodation vehicle 1 at the first free flow opening 2. However, in another embodiment the pressure differential could also or instead be measured at the second free flow opening 3, the third free flow opening 5 and/or another opening in the vehicle 1.
In this embodiment, the mobile accommodation vehicle 1 also comprises control means 6 arranged to control the operation of the heat recovery ventilation means 4 in response to the measurements of the pressure differential measuring means 17 so that the heat recovery ventilation means 4 will attempt to maintain the pressure inside the mobile accommodation vehicle 1 substantially equal to the pressure outside the mobile accommodation vehicle 1 at the first free flow opening 2, so that air flow through the first free flow opening 2 hereby is avoided or at least reduced.
In this embodiment both the pressure differential measuring means 17 and the control means 6 are formed as parts of the heat recovery ventilation means 4 but in another embodiment, the pressure differential measuring means 17 and/or the control means 6 could be formed separate from the heat recovery ventilation means 4 e.g. as part of the control means of the vehicle 1 and only a control signal would be communicated to the heat recovery ventilation means 4.
In this embodiment, the vehicle 1 is provided with a second free flow opening 3 in which the heat recovery ventilation means 4 is placed and a first free flow opening 2 in which air flow measuring means 7 is located for measuring the inflow and the outflow through the first free flow opening 2. However, in another embodiment the air flow measuring means 7 could also or instead be placed in the second free flow opening 3, a third free flow opening 5 and/or another opening in the vehicle 1.
In this embodiment, the mobile accommodation vehicle 1 also comprises control means 6 arranged to control the operation of the heat recovery ventilation means 4 in response to the measuring's of the air flow measuring means 7 so that the heat recovery ventilation means 4 will attempt to reduce the air flow through the first free flow opening 2.
In this embodiment both the air flow measuring means 7 and the control means 6 are formed as parts of the heat recovery ventilation means 4 but in another embodiment, the air flow measuring means 7 and/or the control means 6 could be formed separate from the heat recovery ventilation means 4 e.g. as part of the control means of the vehicle 1 and only a control signal would be communicated to the heat recovery ventilation means 4.
In another embodiment, the mobile accommodation vehicle 1 disclosed in
The air flow through an opening 2, 3, 5 can be measured in several ways by means of known anemometers or more indirectly by means of detecting a pressure difference across an opening 2, 3, 5, a temperature difference across an opening 2, 3, 5 and in a preferred embodiment of the invention the air flow in and/or out through the heat recovery ventilation means 4 is controlled on the basis of these measurements, predictions, deductions or calculations regarding the airflow in and/or out of the first free flow opening 2, the second free flow opening 3, a third free flow opening 5 and/or the heat recovery ventilation means 4.
In this embodiment, the passage through the heat recovery ventilation means 4 will be blocked or substantially reduced if the heat recovery ventilation means 4 is malfunctioning or out of operation and in this embodiment, the heat recovery ventilation means 4 therefore comprises an emergency air flow device 10 arranged to enable free flow through an emergency free flow opening 11 when the heat recovery ventilation means 4 is malfunctioning or out of operation so that ensure that an air flow can always be generated through two vertically separated free flow openings 2, 3, 5, 11.
However, in another embodiment the emergency air flow device 10 could be arranged at another opening in the vehicle 1—such as the first free flow opening 2, the second free flow opening 3, a third free flow opening 5 and/or another opening in the vehicle 1.
In this embodiment, the emergency air flow device 10 is formed as an integrated part of the heat recovery ventilation means 4 but in another embodiment, the emergency air flow device 10 could be formed separate from the heat recovery ventilation means 4.
In the embodiment disclosed in
In this embodiment, the heat recovery ventilation means 4 are formed as an air-to-liquid heat exchanger arranged in the first free flow opening 2 arranged to exchange heat with another air-to-liquid heat exchanger arranged in the second free flow opening 3 by means of a coolant being circulated by a pump 19. In this embodiment, only the heat exchanger arranged in the first free flow opening 2 is provided with an air flow generator 13 but in another embodiment, an air flow generator 13 could be arranged at both openings 2, 3.
In another embodiment, both the first free flow opening 2 and the second free flow opening 3 could be provided with heat recovery ventilation means 4 of the regenerator type configured so that they would operate synchronously—i.e. so that when one is creating an inflow, the other is creating an outflow. In such a setup, the heat recovery ventilation means 4 at one opening 2, 3 could also be controlled based on knowledge about the air flow through the other heat recovery ventilation means 4 in the other opening 2, 3. Hereby it would be possible to implement control strategies which can maximise the use of ambient energy with an effective balance between the use of automatic and manual control. E.g. is a user manually increases the air flow through a heat recovery ventilation means 4 e.g. arranged in a bathroom of the vehicle 1, then other heat recovery ventilation means 4 can adapt and compensate the ventilation levels elsewhere.
In this embodiment, the mobile accommodation vehicle 1 is also provided with a heat source 18 in the form of an open flame heater. However, in another embodiment the heat source 18 could also or instead comprise a gas stove, candles or other heat sources comprising an open flame that will affect the CO2 level inside the vehicle.
In this embodiment the first free flow opening 2 could e.g. be arranged in a bathroom of the vehicle and a user could then manually operate the heat recovery ventilation means 4 so that both the inflow generator 15 and the outflow generator 16 are arranged to generate an outflow—at least temporary—and thereby generate a significant air flow in through the second free flow opening 3 and/or the first air flow opening 2 and out through the heat recovery ventilation means 4 in free flow opening 5. In another embodiment, the heat recovery ventilation means 4 could be arranged to at least temporary generate a significant inflow instead.
In this embodiment of the invention the heat recovery ventilation means 4 is a regenerator comprising an air flow generator 13—in form of a single fan—and a heat exchange unit 12 in the form of a latent heat storage.
In this embodiment, the heat energy conservation is made as the direction of the flow through the regenerator 27 alternates—by alternating the rotational direction of the air flow generator 13—so that the air heat energy from one direction is transferred to the heat exchange unit 12 and then to air flow in the opposite direction when the air flow generator 13 changed flow direction. In another embodiment, the heat recovery ventilation means 4 could be provided with a separate inflow generator and a separate outflow generator arranged to operate more or less independently or the heat recovery ventilation means 4 could be designed in numerous other ways.
In this embodiment, the ratio of heat exchange can be controlled by controlling the quantity of inflow and/or outflow in each ventilation cycle. The quantity can be controlled by changing the duration of the cycle time and/or by changing the air flow rate through the heat recovery ventilation means 4.
In another embodiment, the heat recovery ventilation means 4 could also be provided provided with filters to reduce dirt deposits on the internal components of the heat recovery ventilation means 4 and to improve inside air quality.
The invention has been exemplified above with reference to specific examples of mobile accommodation vehicles 1, heat recovery ventilation means 4, air flow measuring means 7 and other. However, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular examples described above but may be designed and altered in a multitude of varieties within the scope of the invention as specified in the claims.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PA 2017 70171 | Mar 2017 | DK | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/DK2018/050043 | 3/8/2018 | WO |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2018/162016 | 9/13/2018 | WO | A |
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20200039325 A1 | Feb 2020 | US |
