Patent Application
20130011234
The present invention relates to an industrial robot including a plurality of arms movable relative each other about a plurality of joints and electrical motors moving the arms. The present invention also relates to a method for protecting an industrial robot from harsh outdoors environments containing corrosive substances such as salt water and sour gas. The invention also relates to the use of an industrial robot in an oil and gas installation which may be onshore or offshore.
Within the field of oil and gas, oil companies continuously seek to create and increase business value of oil and gas installations, whilst also maintaining an absolute focus on Health, Safety and Environment (HSE). To address these issues, a major rethink on the conventional operation and support of oil & gas installations is required. It is well documented that industrial robots with flexible manipulators are well suited to conduct dangerous and labor intensive tasks in hazardous conditions with a high degree of accuracy.
Conventional industrial robots are not designed for offshore use. Even though there has been a trend to develop robots for certain environments such as to be explosion safe, water resistant, and to tolerate low temperature below the freezing point and high temperatures, there still is a way to go to make the robots ready for offshore use. One of the main challenges to overcome is to make the robot resistant to the weather-induced material degradation phenomenon and especially, corrosion and other damages from salt water and sour gas exposure.
Corrosion means the breaking down of essential properties in a material due to chemical reactions with its surroundings. In the most common use of the word, this means a loss of electrons of metals reacting with water and oxygen. Weakening of iron due to oxidation of the iron atoms is a well-known example of electrochemical corrosion. This is commonly known as rust. This type of damage usually affects metallic materials, and typically produces oxide(s) and/or salt(s) of the original metal. Corrosion also includes the dissolution of ceramic materials and can refer to discoloration and weakening of polymers by the sun's ultraviolet light.
Most structural alloys corrode merely from exposure to moisture in the air, but the process can be strongly affected by exposure to certain substances. Corrosion can be concentrated locally to form a pit or crack, or it can extend across a wide area to produce general deterioration. While some efforts to reduce corrosion merely redirect the damage into less visible, less predictable forms, controlled corrosion treatments such as passivation and chromate-conversion will increase a material's corrosion resistance.
Examples of different types of corrosion:
Further, the robot needs to be explosion safe which means that it generates limited amount of energy and heat in all electrical motors to avoid sparks. Further, the robot manipulator has to be IP67 certified which means that it is completely protected from intrusion of dust (including other small objects) and it is water resistant (no ingress of water when immersed up to 1 metre). Finally, the robot is protected from influences from extreme temperatures (high and/or low) and wind. The protection may consist of coating(s) (such as for IP67 certified robots), over-pressure in the motors and/or heating/cooling of the motors. Alternatively, the protection of the robots may be in form of a heating/cooling jacket which may also be water resistant (the robot manipulator may still be water proof due to condensation, etc.).
An additional source of corrosion in oil and gas installations occurs in some fields or installations with the presence of certain high sulphur content or sour petroleum substances. In certain petroleum deposits occurrence of elemental sulphur and sulfur-based compounds such as hydrogen sulphide, sulphates and sulphuric acid cause damage by corrosion to machinery and pose a threat to human operators in terms of gas toxicity and chemical irritation or burns.
The effects on material exposed to sour gas (hydrogen sulfide, H2S and/or elemental sulfur, S), have been studied for decades and include, in addition to aggressive corrosion, so called Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC), which is a material degradation phenomenon. In general, corrosion control in sour gas fields is much harder than in sweet gas fields which contain little or no H2S, since in the latter case there exist effective corrosion inhibitors. This is partly due to the fact that H2S is highly reactive with two very common elements, namely water and oxygen and produce elemental sulfur (S) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) which both have strong corrosive properties. The H2S corrosion reactions have the following form:
H2S+4H2O→H2SO4+4H2,
H2S+2O2→H2SO4
H2S+O2→S+H2O
The generation of elemental sulfur in aqueous atmosphere can be real dangerous in industrial setting as it leads to localized corrosivity.
One object of the present invention is to provide a robot for a harsh and corrosive outdoor environment.
According to one aspect of the invention this object is achieved by system in an installation for extraction or production of petroleum products in a harsh outdoors environment, the system comprising one or more industrial robots arranged for carrying out monitoring and maintenance instructions wherein said industrial robots comprise a plurality of arms movable relative each other about a plurality of joints and with electric motors for moving the arms, wherein at least one said robot is arranged with a transport apparatus such that said robot is moveable between two or more locations of said installation.
According to an embodiment of the invention a system is provided comprised in an installation for extraction or production of petroleum products in a harsh outdoors environment, the system comprising one or more industrial robots arranged for carrying out monitoring and maintenance instructions, wherein at least one said robot is arranged with a transport apparatus, and wherein at least some of the exterior surface of a robot arm is provided with a corrosion resistant coating.
According to another embodiment of the invention a system is provided comprised in an installation the system comprising one or more industrial robots arranged for carrying out monitoring and maintenance instructions, wherein at least one said robot is arranged with a transport apparatus for movement or travel on one or more a rails or gantry cranes between the two or more locations.
According to another embodiment of the invention a system is provided comprised in an installation, the system comprising one or more industrial robots arranged for carrying out monitoring and maintenance instructions, wherein at least one said robot is arranged mounted on a transport apparatus, in particular a vehicle, arranged for movement or travel between the two or more locations.
According to an embodiment of the invention a system is provided comprised in an installation for extraction or production of petroleum products in a harsh outdoors environment, the system comprising one or more industrial robots arranged for carrying out monitoring and maintenance instructions, wherein at least one said robot is arranged with a transport apparatus, wherein one or more said industrial robots are arranged moveable between at least one work location and a storage location.
According to another embodiment of the invention a system is provided comprised in an installation for extraction or production of petroleum products in a harsh outdoors environment, the system comprising one or more industrial robots arranged for carrying out monitoring and maintenance instructions, wherein at least one said robot is arranged with a transport apparatus, wherein one or more said industrial robots are arranged moveable to a washing booth arranged such that a said industrial robot is washed with one or more solutions and/or blown down with air.
According to an embodiment of the invention a system is provided comprised in an installation for extraction or production of petroleum products in a harsh outdoors environment, the system comprising one or more industrial robots arranged for carrying out monitoring and maintenance instructions, wherein at least one said robot is arranged with a transport apparatus, wherein the transport apparatus is a vehicle which is arranged with a control unit and communication unit and to be remotely operated.
According to another embodiment of the invention a system is provided comprised in an installation for extraction or production of petroleum products in a harsh outdoors environment, the system comprising one or more industrial robots arranged for carrying out monitoring and maintenance instructions, wherein at least one said robot is arranged with a transport apparatus and wherein one or more cameras are mounted on an arm of the robot.
According to an embodiment of the invention a system is provided comprised in an installation for extraction or production of petroleum products in a harsh outdoors environment, the system comprising one or more industrial robots arranged for carrying out monitoring and maintenance instructions, wherein at least one said robot is arranged with a transport apparatus, wherein the installation comprises a washing booth arranged such that a said industrial robot is washed and/or coated with a corrosion inhibiting fluid.
Further developments of the device are characterized by the features disclosed herein.
This invention describes a harsh-approved manipulator developed for harsh outdoor environments with a focus on being protective against corrosion and other damages from salt water, the robot being arranged as a mobile robot that may be moved around on the installation site by a gantry crane or overhead rail, or else by vehicles, autonomous or guided. The novelty of this method is that the robot manipulator can be a standardized industrial robot with electrical motors which is further developed to operate under harsh climate conditions where it is exposed to salt water and/or other aggressive chemical substances, which may have a corrosive effect on the robot.
The present teachings implement robotics technology on oil & gas installations together with a redesign of the process equipment into compact standardized process modules. This novel concept will result in a remotely operated oil & gas facility capable of conducting inspection, maintenance and normal operational tasks and hence, improve HSE, industrial Health and Safety Executive i.e. reduce or remove issues of workplace safety. Also, the need for facilities for staff offshore will be reduced radically, which means lower weight of the platform and less investment costs. Further, this technological solution has the potential to reduce operational costs, thus increasing the profitable lifetime of the facility.
Basically, a number of industrial robots (electrical) make up a system for remote operations of a process plant, such as an oil and gas facility, in a harsh outdoor environment. Such environments are characterized as being dangerous, distant, dirty and dull. Typical tasks to be robotized are inspection and maintenance of process equipment. The robots will be equipped with different sensors and tools, or will have the capability to change between different sensors and tools, to be able to perform the various tasks. The robot manipulators and controllers hold features such as being explosion safe (Ex-certified), water proof and resistance to corrosion as well as bearing both high and low temperatures. Examples of typical applications are offshore installations, space, onshore oil & gas such as tar sands and wind turbines or windmills.
Because of the large size, complexity and demands to safety of such processes, more than one robot will often be required, and the robots will make up a system of consisting of multiple robots. These robots will have the capacity to perform tasks on their own, e.g. visual inspection or other inspection tasks, or to assist each other for more advanced tasks such as to perform coordinated operations when replacing a safety valve, or to collaborate on a single task, e.g. to lift a heavy object together. Each robot will be able to perform a number of different tasks which means that the total number of robots will make up a redundant system. In case one robot should fail, another robot can take over and continue an ongoing or scheduled task. The overall system will perform scheduling and planning of the tasks, robots, tools and sensors, etc. to prioritise and coordinate the resources.
The robots are mobile to be able to move around in the process and perform tasks at different locations in and around the onshore or offshore installation. There are different solutions for making the robots mobile, namely mounting them on:
According to another aspect of the invention this object is achieved by a method for operating an industrial robot in an installation for extraction or production of petroleum products in a harsh outdoors environment comprising one or more industrial robots arranged for carrying out monitoring and maintenance instructions, said industrial robots comprising a plurality of arms movable relative each other about a plurality of joints and electrical motors for moving the arms, wherein said operations include protecting said robot from chemical corrosion, wherein the method comprises moving said robot with a transport apparatus such that said robot travels between two or more locations of said installation.
According to another embodiment of the invention a method is disclosed that comprises moving the robot in the harsh environment only when it is necessary meaning when there is a task to perform, and wherein the method further comprises moving the robot with the transport apparatus between at least one work location and a storage location.
According to another embodiment of the invention a method is disclosed that comprises regularly washing off the salt water from the robot.
According to another embodiment of the invention a method is disclosed that comprises regularly cleaning off the robot with some chemicals, e.g. appropriate combination of corrosion inhibitors, pure water, air, pH-regulation, protective alloy and/or coating.
According to another embodiment of the invention a method is disclosed that comprises moving the robot in the harsh environment only when it is necessary meaning when there is a task to perform, so reducing the time for which the robot is exposed to salt water and/or sour gas, and that in the remainder of the time one or more of the robots are stored in a storage location or garage.
The atmospheric conditions of this booth/garage will be strictly controlled in order to prevent, minimize or eliminate the degradation on the robot caused by salt water and/or sour gas.
Embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with particular reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
The main benefits of the new concept are significant reduction of CAPEX (capital expenditure), OPEX (operating costs) and construction time. To achieve this, the following solutions and technologies are fundamental:
One embodiment of this invention concerns a method for protecting an industrial robot against salt water and/or sour gas and particularly, corrosion and other potential damages as a consequence of exposure to these substances. The manipulator arm and the cable between the manipulator and the controller are exposed to the harsh environment. The controller and the teach pendant may be built in a safe shell, such as an explosion proof cabinet, or protected otherwise, and shielded from corrosive substances such as salt water/sour gas. There are particularly two parts of the robot which need protection as these parts are vulnerable to corrosion. These are the robot arm itself and the joints including motors, bearings, etc. Conventional manipulator arms are often made of a metal, which may corrode and/or oxide. Stainless steel, plastic or other composite materials avoid this problem. The joints including motors and bearings are also critical to protect against corrosion. The salt crystals also have the potential to damage bearings and other mechanical constructions when entering into these. Unlike (grinding) dust, salt crystals are larger and have a different shape. The crystals may, for example, sit as a layer inside the bearings and prevent the balls from rolling freely. In other applications, small objects do not represent the same problems.
Industrial robots arranged resistant to a harsh environment and mobile on the site may be applied one-at-a-time to a task. Such robots may also be arranged in a system consisting of two, or more, harsh approved robot manipulators being mobile for operation in harsh outdoor environments including offshore applications. The system may be:
The focus of this mobile embodiment may be to describe a mobile robotics system comprising at least two robot manipulators. This robotics system will be approved to be explosion safe, water resistant, corrosion resistant, extreme temperatures and wind. The robot manipulators may be standardized industrial 6 DoF (or other) robot manipulators further developed to be used outdoor in harsh environment and to be remotely operated.
Regarding robot operations in sour gas environments, an important part of protecting the industrial robots is that the robots:
I) are moved away from high concentration areas into a non exposed area where
II) while moved periodically to the non-exposed area, the storage/garage location, one or more robots are treated in order to prevent, minimize or control the degradation caused by the sour gas and the acids that are formed by the sour gas, where the treatment comprising
This specification describes different approaches regarding how to protect the robot from salt water which are to:
The first approach is about protecting the robot from direct exposure of salt water. Methods for this approach include different types of coatings and other physical barriers between the robot and salt water.
The second approach allows salt water to get in (limited) contact with the robot. These methods comprise periodically cleaning of the parts which have been exposed to salt water.
The third type of methods takes an unconventional approach as the goal of these methods is to protect the robot with salt water. There are different types of corrosion. Apart from galvanic corrosion, both (salt) water and air in contact with the metallic surface result in corrosion.
Coating consisting of nano particles which tie up salt water to continuously cover the robot manipulator with a thin layer of salt water
Several of the disclosed methods may be applied to the robot to protect all parts properly from different types of damages and problems caused by the exposure to salt water and/or sour gas.
1: This solution suggests painting/covering the robot arm and other parts of the robot with a layer of coating, or film, which is salt water resistant. Such a coating will prevent salt water from getting in contact with the material of the robot arm and from entering the robot arm. Such a layer of coating will typically be damaged when the surface (e.g. the layer of coating) has got a scratch. On the surface of stainless steel, there is a thin film which protects it from oxidation.
2: A robot cover or jacket may cover the entire manipulator arm and protect the arm from salt water. In addition, a robot cover may also protect against dust, wind, water, etc. The robot cover may further provide functionality such as heating and/or cooling. Also, over-pressurized air inside the robot cover prevents dampness.
3: This method covers the manipulator arm with a layer of nano particles which reject salt water and prevent salt crystals to be attached to the surface.
4: This method concerns how to protect the joints from intrusion of salt water. A rubber cover or bellows which is elastic and follows the robot's movements may be mounted around each joint and glued/welded to the robot arm to avoid intrusion of salt water. This method may be combined with other methods to protect against corrosion of the robot arm as well as to avoid condensed water/damp inside the robot arm.
5: Instead of “sealing” the joints, this method applies over-pressurized air within the robot arm to avoid water and particularly salt water (and other small particles) from intruding/entering through joints and other small openings such as inlets and outlets of cables (electrical, (pneumatic) air, fluids, etc.). Similarly, the air will prevent damp inside the robot arm. Another possible function of the air is to control the temperature of the air to keep it within a certain range in case of either very low or very high outdoor temperatures.
6: This method is based on the “car washing machine” principle. A coating booth, W which the robot arm enters regularly, sprays a new coating/film onto the surface. A precondition may be that the coating/film needs to be redone and that it is environmental and cheap in order to be used regularly. The coating booth may be shaped as a box with the minimum inner dimensions of the robot. Alternatively, it can be a pipe with the length and dimensions of the robot arm. When the robot is freed up from other tasks, it enters the coating booth (regularly, but not too often) and gets a new coating.
7: Instead of a booth, the robots do the coating of each other. It requires that at least two robots are freed up from other activities at the same time. One of the robots picks up a spray gun and sprays/“paints” the other robot, and vice versa (in case both robots need new coating). To avoid any environmental problems due to the spraying, it may take place in a specific (protected) area where the vast of the coating can be collected.
8: In case the manipulator arm only is exposed for limited amount of salt water or damp/humidity including salt, a solution is to use a robot water cleaning system. Robot washing booth W based on the “car washing machine” principle is a booth similarly to the one described above. Instead of applying a new layer of coating/film, it cleans the manipulator arm with clean water, eventually with added detergent to keep the surface clean and free from salt crystals.
9: Similar to above, this method describes how to use the robot itself to water clean another robot as an alternative to the “robot washing booth”.
10: This method suggests to use air jets to blow off salt water and particularly, salt crystals from the surface of the robot manipulator. The air jets may be located inside a booth W as suggested above.
11: Instead of keeping salt water away, this method takes a different approach as it covers the manipulator arm with a layer of nano particles which tie up salt water. The robot surface is then covered with a complete layer of salt water but not exposed to the air. This may prevent some types of corrosion to occur.
12: In additional protection against corrosion one or more anodes, sacrificial anodes may be placed on the robot. Dependent on the metal or metal coating involved an anode made from a metal that is sacrificed, i.e. is becomes corroded, is preferentially corroded before the metal to be protected is attacked. Anodes made of zinc provide some protection for steel structures. Parts made of different metals, e.g. stainless steel, may require an anode made of a different metal.
13: In another development based on the “car washing machine” principle washing booth W is arranged as a coating or treatment booth, which the robot enters regularly, and has a new coating/film sprayed onto the surface. This may be done in between tasks. The coating treatment may be designed to remove chemical deposits from sulphur containing substances. The washing treatment may also include suitable solvents, buffer solutions, or other substances to neutralize the corrosion processes due to e.g. sulphides, sulphates, or sulphuric acid.
One approach is to use a coating/film which needs to be re-applied, and which is environmentally acceptable and sufficiently cheap in order to be used regularly. The coating booth may be shaped as a box with the minimum inner dimension suitable to enclose the robot, and the vehicle, if vehicle mounted. The coating/treatment booth may be arranged inside a garage or storage location where the robot is placed in between tasks. The garage area or at least part of it e.g. the booth, may be maintained sealed off to prevent or at least reduce the ingress of harmful gases from outside the garage/storage area. The storage location or garage to which the robot travels on the rail, gantry crane or vehicle is preferably located as far away as practical from sources of the aggressive chemicals such as sour gas or areas exposed to salt water. Alternatively, or as well, one washing/coating device can be a pipe-shaped apparatus with the length and dimensions of the robot arm. When the robot is freed up from other tasks, it enters the coating booth and is washed and/or gets a new coating or treatment.
The invention describes a harsh-approved manipulator developed for harsh outdoor environments with a focus on being protective against corrosion and other damages from salt water and/or sour gas. The robot manipulator is a standardized industrial robot with electrical motors which is further developed to operate under harsh climate conditions where it is exposed to salt water and/or sour gas. The manipulator arm and the cable between the manipulator and the controller are exposed for the harsh requirements. Particularly, all openings including joints, cables and tubes going through the surface, are critical to protect to avoid salt water, or damped salt water, or sour gas, from entering the inside of the robot arm. The controller may be built in a safe shell and kept in a less harsh location. There are several different ways of protecting the robot manipulator from corrosion. Basically, corrosion from salt occurs most intense where metal is exposed to a combination of salt water and air. Material being completely covered by salt water all the time is less vulnerable for corrosion. The invention is based on different approaches to the problem: To prevent contact between salt water and the robot or the vulnerable parts of the robot, to allow contact between salt water and the robot, and to expose the robot continuously with salt water. Some of the methods may protect either the robot arm from corrosion or the joints from salt crystals.
This invention describes a remotely operated harsh approved robot manipulator for use in environments which are normally dangerous, difficult and/or impossible for humans to access.
Inspection of Infrastructure on Offshore Installations
Future offshore installations are planned to be (partly) unmanned. The process is redesigned into standardized process modules built upon each other into process racks. A number of robots are mounted on (at least) two gantry cranes which allow full access to the entire process. These robots are remotely operated from onshore (or a neighbor platform or ship). As the field operators are removed from the platform, the operators in the operation centre still need to inspect the process equipment and infrastructure and will use the robots for this task. Some of the inspection tasks are performed automatically whereas others need human intervention. Some tasks may be controlled remotely by one or more people on shore, ship and/or other platform. Control and/or communication elements may be arranged at the remote location where people can remotely control and communicate with the robots.
Such remote operation may be carried out with any number of tasks. For example, robots including one or more protection features and included in an installation for extraction or production of petroleum products and arranged for carrying out monitoring and maintenance instructions may be remotely operated by people on ship, shore and/or other platform. The robot(s) may hold different sensors such as cameras 12 (video, IR, etc.), temperature gauge, vibration sensors, gas detectors, etc. The robots may be exposed for a rough environment including risk of explosions, (salt) water, extreme temperatures and wind.
Light Maintenance Operations on Offshore Installations
This scenario is based on the same concept as described above. The robotics system is further set up to perform light maintenance tasks on the process equipment such as to replace a pipe section or a valve and to place and collect wireless instrumentation. The robots are exposed for a rough environment including risk of explosions, (salt) water, extreme temperatures and wind.
Sample Taking on Offshore Installations
On an offshore drilling installation and/or production installation, there is a large need for sample taking. Some existing platforms struggle with very thick oil, almost like tar. A harsh-approved robot can perform the taking of samples and automate this task to reduce the risks on humans. The robot for this scenario is exposed for a rough environment including risk of explosions, (salt) water, extreme temperatures, and wind.
Drilling and Other Operations on Onshore High-Sulphate Fields
Some onshore oil and gas fields contain sulfate which make it impossible for people to work unprotected in these areas. Robotized solutions are demanded for inspection and different operation tasks to be able to operate in such areas. The robots are exposed for a rough environment including different chemicals. The robot manipulator may be protected from such chemicals based on one, or more, of the methods disclosed herein.
One or more parts of the invention as described throughout the specification may be applied in onshore installations, especially for those onshore installations with a harsh environment. In certain countries onshore installations may have a harsh environment where winds contain large amounts of dust and/or sand. Secondly there are installations for dealing with e.g. oil in tar sands with high-sulphur content petroleum substances and the presence of sour gas pose serious challenge in terms of corrosion damage to machinery and a chemical and toxicity threat to human operators from hydrogen sulphide gas, other sulphides, sulphates, elemental sulphur, or sulphuric acid.
Inspection and Maintenance Operations of Offshore Windmills
Another offshore application is inspection and maintenance tasks of offshore windmills. Most tasks may be inside the wind turbine or windmills housing, but the damped air will still contain salt crystals.
This invention describes a number of methods to protect the robot arm from corrosion and the joints from entering of salt water. One or more methods may be used in combination to give full protection. The invention makes operations possible in harsh, offshore environments. The invention expands usage of existing industrial robot configuration with electrical motors to offshore environments, or similar environments with corrosive challenges.
The robots in an oil & gas extraction, production or distribution installation can be mounted on large gantry crane(s) which may be arranged to straddle the whole process. If the process is rather large and the total number of robots requires more than one gantry crane, these have to be dimensioned to move under/over each other. One or more robots are then mounted on each gantry crane which moves the robot in right position in relation to the process for the robot to perform a task. The robot controller will typically be mounted on, or within, the gantry crane, and will be encapsulated in an EX-proofed cabinet, or similar. The robot will be fed with control signals and supplied with electrical power wired through the gantry crane. Also, signals from sensors and tools are fed back into the system through cables on, or within, the gantry crane. The gantry crane being a part of the mobile robotics system will have to fulfill the same requirements for the harsh environment as the robots and controllers.
The robots can alternatively be mounted on a system of rails which makes the robots mobile independently of each other. The robots can move around in the process and access process equipment as needed. The rails being a part of the mobile robotics system will have to fulfill the same requirements for the harsh environment as the robots and controllers.
Another solution is to mount the robots on (autonomous) vehicles to make the robots mobile. Generally, one robot will be mounted on each vehicle. In one embodiment the robots will be fully mobile and can move around over the entire process site without any restrictions. The robot controller, batteries for power and a buffer tank for compressed air will be built into the vehicle, or mounted onto the vehicle. Typically, the vehicle will enter the process site when the robot has to perform a task, and will return to a ‘garage’ or ‘parking slot’ with a charging station. The vehicle will be recharged with both power and compressed air at this station. The robot and/or vehicle may also be cleaned with water or air as in a washing booth arranged in the garage. Alternatively the robot and/or vehicle may be sprayed or washed with treatment solutions or salt-water resistant coatings, or sulphur-compound resistant coatings. vehicle Such vehicles being a part of the mobile robotics system will have to fulfill the same requirements for the harsh environment as the robots and controllers.
The vehicle may instead not be mounted on rails, but be driven along the ground or along a surface of an installation or platform. Preferably such a vehicle is also driverless. The
Robot 1 is preferably powered by the battery 64 of the vehicle 60. Alternatively vehicle 60 is equipped with a power source, such as a generator. Vehicle 60 is preferably arranged for recharging the battery at a storage location G, such as a garage of some sort, where the vehicle and robot are placed between tasks. The storage location G may also be arranged with connection points and sources or access to compressed air used to fill up the compressed air tank 67 on the vehicle 60.
Outside of the storage location the vehicle may also be arranged with suitable electrical power connections to connect to mains power in the installation in locations for carrying out tasks, provided that such connection points are properly protected in, e.g. an ATEX (explosions risk) area. The robot and vehicle may be powered using a hard-wired connection, e.g. a cable of some sort connected to mains power in the installation.
Inside the garage or storage location G of
The present application is a continuation of pending International patent application PCT/EP2010/052532 filed on Mar. 1, 2010 which designates the United States and the content of which is incorporated herein by reference.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | PCT/EP2010/052532 | Mar 2010 | US |
| Child | 13599924 | US |
