Patent Application
20230099615
The contents of the following Japanese patent application(s) are incorporated herein by reference:
The present invention relates to a method and a laser device for easily realizing self-starting mode-locking by selectively using two different wavelengths.
Conventionally, a mode-locked laser light source using an optical fiber or the like has been known as a laser device for outputting a laser light having a pulse width of several tens of picoseconds or less (for example, see Patent documents 1, 2).
In a laser device for generating a picosecond or femtosecond-pulse laser light, it is preferable that a mode-locked laser oscillation is performed with an easy method, and that this is stabilized in a short time. In recent years, a mode-locked fiber laser that is fiber small-sized and low cost, and that has excellent environmental stability, has been used for many industrial applications. In particular, a mode-locked fiber laser that is formed with a polarization maintaining fiber (PMF) having excellent environmental stability and uses only an optical part showing normal dispersion in an oscillation wavelength of a laser (ANDi MLFL: All Normal Dispersion Mode-Locked Fiber Laser), can output high pulse energy, and thus it is suitable for application in fine processing and the like. In general, self-starting of mode-locking requires output adjustment of a semiconductor laser to be used as an excitation light source, polarization control, temperature control, and the like. Self-starting is difficult also in an ANDi MLFL formed by using a PMF, and self-starting of mode-locking requires complicated control such as output modulation of a semiconductor laser to be used as an excitation light source. Furthermore, self-starting has been particularly difficult in an ANDi MLFL that does not use an element such as a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror for a saturable absorbing part forming the ANDi MLFL, but uses non-linear polarization rotation or a non-linear amplifying loop mirror for the saturable absorbing part. In addition, although laser devices preferably have a wide choice of laser oscillation wavelengths, a mode-locked laser has low selectivity in oscillation wavelengths, and it is difficult to obtain a mode-locked laser oscillation in a wavelength having a small induced emission cross-sectional area.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described through embodiments of the invention, but the following embodiments do not limit the claimed invention. In addition, not all of the combinations of features described in the embodiments are essential to the solving means of the invention.
The laser device 100 includes a filter part 10, an amplifying unit 20, and a saturable absorbing part 102 provided in a path where a laser light is propagated. The saturable absorbing part 102 absorbs a wavelength of a time component having a relatively low intensity, among an entered laser light. In addition, the saturable absorbing part 102 propagates a time component of a relatively high intensity without absorption. In other words, the saturable absorbing part 102 narrows the band of a pulse of the laser light in a time axis by absorbing a skirt part having a low intensity and allowing passage of a peak part having a large intensity, among the time waveform of the laser light. The pulse of the laser light can be shortened by providing the saturable absorbing part 102.
The filter part 10 and the amplifying unit 20 may have a configuration including an optical fiber, or may have a configuration being connected to the optical fiber. The filter part 10 and the amplifying unit 20 may be arranged in a loop where a laser light is circulating, or may be arranged in a path where a laser light is reciprocating. In addition, each of the filter part 10, the amplifying unit 20, and the saturable absorbing part 102 may be a single part or circuit that is arranged at a specific location in the laser device 100, or may be formed with a plurality of parts or circuits that are dispersedly arranged in the laser device 100. Furthermore, the laser device 100 in its entirety may function as the filter part 10, the amplifying unit 20, or the saturable absorbing part 102. In other words, each component part such as the optical fiber of the laser device 100 may be combined to exert the function as the filter part 10, the amplifying unit 20, or the saturable absorbing part 102. The optical fiber propagating the laser light in the laser device 100 may at least partially be a polarization maintaining fiber (PMF). The entire optical fiber forming the laser device 100 may be the polarization maintaining fiber.
In addition, a common part may function as at least two of the filter part 10, the amplifying unit 20, and the saturable absorbing part 102. For example, the amplifying unit 20 may exert at least a part of the function of the filter part 10, or the saturable absorbing part 102 may exert at least a part of the function of the filter part 10.
The amplifying unit 20 amplifies an intensity of a passing laser light. The amplifying unit 20 may have an optical fiber added with an impurity such as, for example, rare earthes. That impurity is, for example, ytterbium (Yb), but is not limited thereto. In addition, the material of the optical fiber is, for example, quartz glass, but is not limited thereto. The amplifying unit 20 may have a planar waveguide including rare earthes such as Yb or Er (erbium).
The filter part 10 has a predetermined pass wavelength characteristic, and selectively allows passage of a wavelength component of a light (in the present example, an amplified spontaneous emission or a laser light) in accordance with that pass wavelength characteristic. The pass wavelength characteristic is a characteristic representing a percentage of an intensity of a light allowed passage to an intensity of an entering light, in each wavelength. As an example, the filter part 10 is a band-pass filter for attenuating wavelength components other than a predetermined passband. The pass wavelength characteristic of the filter part 10 has local maximum values in at least two or more wavelengths. The filter part 10 of the present example functions as a filter for allowing passage of a mode-locked pulse for starting an oscillation of a laser light.
It should be noted that the laser device 100 may have a polarizer for changing a laser light propagated in the optical fiber to a linearly polarized light. An intensity of a laser light passing through the polarizer from the filter part 10 may be adjusted by adjusting a polarization axis of the polarization maintaining fiber between the polarizer and the filter part 10.
The pass wavelength characteristic of the filter part 10 may be the pass wavelength characteristic of the entire laser device 100. As an example, if a laser light circulates in a predetermined loop path, the pass wavelength characteristic of the filter part 10 may be the pass wavelength characteristic when the laser light circulates in the loop path once. In addition, if a laser light reciprocates a predetermined path, the pass wavelength characteristic of the filter part 10 may be the pass wavelength characteristic when the laser light reciprocates that path once. If the laser device 100 includes an explicit filter, the pass wavelength characteristic of the filter part 10 may be the characteristic of that filter. The explicit filter is a part having a publicly known structure as a filter such as, for example, a FBG.
As described above, the pass wavelength characteristic has at least two local maximum values (in the present example, a local maximum value 201 and a local maximum value 202). In the present example, a wavelength of the local maximum value 201 corresponds to the oscillation wavelength (will be referred to as the first wavelength λ1) of the laser device 100. However, the wavelength of the local maximum value 201 does not have to exactly match the oscillation wavelength. In addition, a wavelength of the local maximum value 202 (will be referred to as the second wavelength λ2) is a wavelength different from the oscillation wavelength. Furthermore, although the pass wavelength characteristic of the present example has a mountain-shaped characteristic having each local maximum value as an apex, the pass wavelength characteristic of the present example may have a flat characteristic in which the local maximum values are continuously shown with a predetermined wavelength width.
The filter part 10 has a first passband 301 including the first wavelength λ1 and a second passband 302 including the second wavelength λ2.
The filter part 10 may be one filter provided at one place in a propagation path of a laser light (i.e., inside a resonator of the laser light), or may have two or more filters provided at different places. As an example, both the first passband 301 and the second passband 302 may be set in one band-pass filter. In another example, an optical fiber Bragg grating (will be referred to as the FBG) selecting the first passband 301 and the FBG selecting the second passband 302 may be provided in the propagation path of the laser light.
It should be noted that the pass wavelength characteristic of the filter part 10 may have a local minimum value 203 between the two local maximum values. The local minimum value 203 may be a value that is attenuated by −10 dB or more as compared to the lower local maximum value. The local minimum value 203 may be attenuated by −20 dB or more, or by −30 dB or more, as compared to that local maximum value. In addition, regarding the pass wavelength characteristic of the filter part 10, the two local maximum values may be connected, or may not be connected. The two local maximum values being connected is a case in which, for example, the local minimum value 203 is 10% or more of the lower local maximum value. In addition, the pass wavelength characteristic of the filter part 10 may have another component 204 between the first passband 301 and the second passband 302. The component 204 may be, for example, a linear component.
By allowing the pass wavelength characteristic of the filter part 10 to have the two local maximum values, in at least a part of the propagation path of the laser light, the laser light includes the first wavelength component and the second wavelength component. By allowing the laser light to include the second wavelength component different from the first wavelength component (oscillation wavelength), an oscillation in the first wavelength λ1 can be induced, and the oscillation in the first wavelength λ1 can be stabilized in a short time.
By transition of the electrons of the excitation level to a lower level, a light of a wavelength in accordance with an energy level difference will be emitted. By transition of the electrons of the laser upper level to various levels, various wavelength components will be included in the laser light. In the present example, the laser lower level corresponding to the first wavelength λ1 will be referred to as the laser lower level 1, and the laser lower level corresponding to the second wavelength λ2 will be referred to as the laser lower level 2.
The first wavelength λ1 in the filter part 10 is set to a wavelength in which the induced emission cross-sectional area is a certain level or more, in the distribution characteristic of the wavelength component illustrated in
In the amplifying unit 20 of
In a general mode-locked laser, once a mode-locked pulse oscillation is stopped, readjustment of a driving current of a semiconductor laser for laser excitation is required to obtain a mode-locked pulse again. This generally takes time from about several tens of seconds to several minutes. In the present method, even if the oscillation in the first wavelength is stopped due to some causes, the oscillation in the first wavelength can be restarted automatically and rapidly by having the second wavelength component.
In step 501, an intensity of the excitation laser light is increased. By increasing the intensity of the excitation laser light, an oscillation component having a large intensity is generated in the laser light (step S502). The state of step S502 continues from several seconds to several minutes. By maintaining the intensity of the excitation laser light, a plurality of mode-locked pulses are generated in the time waveform (step S503). By reducing the intensity of the excitation laser light in this state, a mode-locked pulse having a predetermined oscillation wavelength will be remained (step S504).
In this manner, when the second passband 302 is not provided, the intensity of the excitation laser light is largely increased to start an oscillation of the laser light, and a Q switch oscillation for generating a pulse of an extremely high intensity is caused (step S502). After that, the high-intensity pulse is divided into a plurality of pulses, and it will become a state that is called a multi-pulse oscillation in which one or more pulses are present in an oscillator (step S503). Finally, by reducing the intensity of the excitation laser light, a stable single pulse oscillation is realized (step S504). Thus, about several minutes may be required to generate the laser light having the predetermined oscillation wavelength.
An excitation laser light is input to the laser input unit 30. The laser input unit 30 couples the laser light transmitted in the optical transmission unit 101 and the excitation laser light, for transmission in the optical fiber 50. The laser input unit 30 is, for example, a wavelength division multiplex (WDM) coupler.
The amplifying unit 21 of the present example is provided between the laser input unit 30 and the laser output unit 40. It should be noted that, in the optical transmission unit 101 having a loop shape, between Configuration A and Configuration B refers to a region from Configuration A to Configuration B in a circulating direction of the laser light. The amplifying unit 21 may have an optical fiber to which Yb is added (YDF). The elongated fiber part 23 is provided between the laser input unit 30 and the laser output unit 40. The fiber part 23 of the present example is provided between the amplifying unit 21 and the laser output unit 40. The fiber part 23 may have a non-polarization maintaining fiber (Non-PM F). Only either of the fiber part 23 and the amplifying unit 21 may be provided. The fiber part 23 and the amplifying unit 21 amplify the intensity of the laser light transmitted in the optical transmission unit 101 with the excitation laser light. The arrangement of the elongated fiber part 23 and the amplifying unit 21 is not limited to the example of
The optical isolator 60 for defining the circulating direction of the laser light may be provided between the laser input unit 30 and the laser output unit 40. The optical isolator 60 of the present example is provided between the amplifying unit 21 and the elongated fiber part 23.
The laser output unit 40 of the present example is arranged between the elongated fiber part 23 and the filter part 10. The laser output unit 40 outputs a predetermined percentage of the laser light transmitted in the optical transmission unit 101. For example, the laser output unit 40 outputs about 10% to 80% of the passing laser light to the outside as an output laser light. A lower limit of the proportion of the output laser light to the laser light passing the laser output unit 40 may be smaller than 10% (for example, 1%). In addition, an upper limit of that proportion may be about 90%. The remaining laser light is transmitted in the optical transmission unit 101. The laser output unit 40 is, for example, an output coupler (OC).
The filter part 10 allows passage of wavelength components of a set passband, and attenuates wavelength components outside the passband, among the laser light transmitted in the optical transmission unit 101. The filter part 10 of the present example is an optical band-pass filter in which the first passband 301 and the second passband 302 described in
The coupling part 70 couples the optical transmission unit 101 and the saturable absorbing part 102. The coupling part 70 of the present example separates the laser light input to a loop of the NALM into a component propagated in the loop in a clockwise manner, and a component propagated in the loop in an anti-clockwise manner. The coupling part 70 of the present example is arranged between the fiber part 23 and the laser output unit 40, but the arrangement of the coupling part 70 is not limited thereto.
The saturable absorbing part 102 receives the laser light passed the laser input unit 30, and absorbs wavelength components forming time components of pulses having a predetermined intensity or less. The saturable absorbing part 102 inputs, among the laser light received from the optical transmission unit 101, wavelength components higher than a predetermined intensity to the optical transmission unit 101.
The saturable absorbing part 102 of the present example generates a phase difference between a component propagated in a clockwise manner and a component propagated in an anti-clockwise manner, in accordance with the difference in intensities. In the coupling part 70, the laser light is propagated from the saturable absorbing part 102 to the optical transmission unit 101, with a transmissive characteristic in accordance with the phase difference of the two components. Thus, the saturable absorbing part 102 attenuates a time component having a relatively low intensity, and propagates a time component having a relatively high intensity in a clockwise direction of the optical transmission unit 101.
The saturable absorbing part 102 of the present example has an amplifying unit 103, an optical fiber 106, and a laser input unit 104. Each constituent element of the saturable absorbing part 102 is connected to one another in a loop shape with the optical fiber 106. The laser input unit 104 couples an excitation laser light and a laser light transmitted in the saturable absorbing part 102 in an anti-clockwise manner.
The amplifying unit 103 is arranged in a path proceeding from the coupling part 70 to the laser input unit 104 in a clockwise manner, and it amplifies the laser light. The amplifying unit 103 is, for example, an optical fiber to which Yb is doped.
The first passband 301 of the present example has a center wavelength (first wavelength) of 1040 nm, and a bandwidth of 1.8 nm. In addition, the second passband 302 has a center wavelength (second wavelength) of 1030 nm, and a bandwidth of 1.5 nm. In the example of
It should be noted that, in the laser light output by the laser device 100, a size P2 of the second wavelength component may be 10% or less of a size P1 of the first wavelength component. The P2 may be 1% or less, or 0.1% or less, of the P1.
The passband width of the second passband 302 may be smaller than the passband width of the first passband 301. The width of the passband of the filter part 10 may be a width of a wavelength band in which the intensity of the wavelength component of the input laser light becomes half or less. In other words, it may be a width of a wavelength band in which the transmittance of the filter part 10 becomes 50% or more. The passband width of the second passband 302 may be 90% or less, 70% or less, or 50% or less, of the passband width of the first passband 301.
It should be noted that the laser light oscillated with the first wavelength is obtained as in the case of the example illustrated in
In the present example, the bandwidth of the second passband 302 is changed, but the laser light of the first wavelength can be similarly obtained also by changing the bandwidth of the first passband 301. However, if the bandwidth of the first passband 301 is made too small, it will become difficult to obtain the laser light of the first wavelength, and thus the bandwidth of the first passband 301 may be 0.8 nm or more. The bandwidth of the first passband 301 may be 50% or more of the second passband 302.
The wavelength difference between the center wavelength (first wavelength) of the first passband 301 and the center wavelength (second wavelength) of the second passband 302 is preferably 9 nm or more. That wavelength difference may be 10 nm or more. In addition, a value in which the half of the bandwidth of each passband is reduced from that difference of the center wavelengths may be 7.35 nm.
Furthermore, if the wavelength difference between the first wavelength and the second wavelength is too large, it may be difficult to induce the light of the first wavelength even if the light of the second wavelength is generated. Thus, the wavelength difference between the first wavelength and the second wavelength is preferably 18 nm or less. That wavelength difference may be 15 nm or less, or 12 nm or less. In addition, the value in which the half of the bandwidth of each passband is reduced from that difference of the center wavelengths may be 16.35 nm or less.
The first passband 301 and the second passband 302 are preferably bands in accordance with the material of the optical fiber of the amplifying unit 20. In other words, as described in
As an example, if the amplifying unit 20 includes a Yb fiber, the first wavelength and the second wavelength are both preferably 1020 nm or more and 1050 nm or less. If the amplifying unit 20 includes an Er fiber, the first wavelength and the second wavelength are both preferably 1530 nm or more and 1555 nm or less, or 1555 nm or more and 1600 nm or less. One of the wavelengths may be 1530 nm or more and 1555 nm or less, and the other wavelength may be 1555 nm or more and 1600 nm or less. If the amplifying unit 20 includes an Nd fiber, the first wavelength and the second wavelength are both preferably 1060 nm or more and 1080 nm or less, or 888 nm or more and 914 nm or less. One of the wavelengths may be 1060 nm or more and 1080 nm or less, and the other wavelength may be 888 nm or more and 914 nm or less. If the amplifying unit 20 includes a Tm fiber, the first wavelength and the second wavelength are both preferably 1960 nm or more and 2020 nm or less, or 1860 nm or more and 1960 nm or less. One of the wavelengths may be 1960 nm or more and 2020 nm or less, and the other wavelength may be 1860 nm or more and 1960 nm or less.
The first passband 301 and the second passband 302 may be variable. In other words, the center wavelength and the bandwidth of each passband may be variable. For example, the center wavelength (first wavelength) of the first passband 301 may be changed in accordance with the wavelength of a laser light to be generated. The filter part 10 may increase the bandwidth of the first passband 301, when increasing the wavelength difference between the center wavelength (first wavelength) of the first passband 301 and the center wavelength (second wavelength) of the second passband 302. Although it becomes difficult to induce the first wavelength component due to the increase in the wavelength difference, the oscillation with the first wavelength can be facilitated by increasing the bandwidth of the first passband 301.
In addition, when reducing the wavelength difference between the first wavelength and the second wavelength, the bandwidth of the second passband 302 may be reduced. Although the percentage of the second wavelength component interfering the first passband 301 increases due to the reduction in the wavelength difference, that interference can be suppressed by reducing the bandwidth of the second passband 302. In addition, when reducing the wavelength difference between the first wavelength and the second wavelength, the attenuation rate in the second wavelength of the second passband 302 may be increased. That interference can be suppressed also in this manner.
The filter part 10 of the present example has a first filter part 10-1 for selecting and propagating the light of the first passband 301, and a second filter part 10-2 for selecting and propagating the light of the second passband 302. The first filter part 10-1 and the second filter part 10-2 of the present example are FBGs. The first filter part 10-1 and the second filter part 10-2 are provided in series with respect to the coupling part 80. Either of the first filter part 10-1 and the second filter part 10-2 may be provided close to the coupling part 80.
It should be noted that, in the examples of
While the embodiments of the present invention have been described, the technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. It is apparent to persons skilled in the art that various alterations or improvements can be added to the above-described embodiments. It is also apparent from the scope of the claims that the embodiments added with such alterations or improvements can be included in the technical scope of the present invention.
The operations, procedures, steps, and stages of each process performed by a device, system, program, and method shown in the claims, embodiments, or diagrams can be realized in any order as long as the order is not explicitly indicated by “prior to,” “before,” or the like and as long as the output from a previous process is not used in a later process. Even if the process flow is described using phrases such as “first” or “next” in the claims, embodiments, or diagrams, it does not necessarily mean that the process must be performed in this order.
10: filter part; 10-1: first filter part; 10-2: second filter part; 20: amplifying unit; 21: amplifying unit; 23: fiber part; 30: laser input unit; 40: laser output unit; 50: optical fiber; 52: wavelength characteristic; 60: optical isolator; 70: coupling part; 80: coupling part; 100: laser device; 101: optical transmission unit; 102: saturable absorbing part; 103: amplifying unit; 104: laser input unit; 106: optical fiber; 201: local maximum value; 202: local maximum value; 203: local minimum value; 204: component; 301: first passband; 302: second passband.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020-098091 | Jun 2020 | JP | national |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | PCT/JP2021/021465 | Jun 2021 | US |
| Child | 18061471 | US |
