Claims
- 1. A process for fixing a water-soluble salt in a cellulosic material comprising:
- (a) providing an aqueous slurry of the cellulosic material and a water-soluble salt effective to impregnate said cellulosic material; and
- (b) adding to said slurry an ammonium or alkali metal salt capable of precipitating a cation of said water-soluble salt, thereby fixing said cation in the cellulosic material.
- 2. A process for incorporating a water-soluble salt in a matrix of cellulosic material such that good penetration of the salt within the matrix is achieved comprising:
- (a) forming an aqueous slurry of the cellulosic material;
- (b) adding to said slurry an ammonium or alkali metal salt capable of precipitating the cation of a selected water-soluble salt, and thereafter
- (c) adding the selected water-soluble salt to said slurry, whereby the cation of said water-soluble salt is fixed throughout the matrix of said cellulosic material.
- 3. The process of claim 2 wherein said water-soluble salt includes a metal salt of an organic or inorganic acid selected from the group consisting of calcium salts, magnesium salts, iron salts, aluminum salts, and mixtures thereof.
- 4. The process of claim 1 wherein the said water-soluble salt includes a metal salt of an organic or inorganic acid selected from the group consisting of calcium salts, magnesium salts, iron salts, aluminum salts, and mixtures thereof.
- 5. The process of claims 4 or 3 wherein the metal salt is a calcium salt.
- 6. The process of claims 4 or 3 wherein the organic acid is selected from the group consisting of formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, methylvaleric acid, isovaleric acid, hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, benzoic acid, phenylacetic acid, citric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, gluconic acid and malonic acid and its lower alkyl derivatives, and combinations thereof.
- 7. The process of claims 4 or 3 wherein the inorganic acid is selected from the group consisting of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, carbonic acid, and combinations thereof.
- 8. The process of claims 1 or 2 wherein the cellulosic material is selected from the group consisting of alpha-cellulose, substituted cellulosic materials, and combinations thereof.
- 9. The process of claim 8 wherein the substituted cellulosic material is selected from the group consisting of carboxymethyl cellulose and its salts, crosslinked CMC and its salts, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, and combinations thereof.
- 10. The product produced by the process of claim 4.
- 11. The process of claims 1 or 2 which further includes the addition of from about 3 to 40% by weight of an additive selected from the group consisting of pectins and their Na, K, NH.sub.4, Ca or Mg salts, alginic acid and its Na, K, NH.sub.4, Ca or Mg salts, and combinations thereof.
- 12. The process of claims 1 or 2 which further includes the addition of from about 3 to 40% by weight of a gum selected from the group consisting of guar gum, modified guar gum, xanthan gum, locust bean gum, starch, curdlan, gum arabic, salts of xanthanomonas gum, and combinations thereof.
- 13. The process of claims 1 or 2 which further includes the addition of from about 1 to 15% by weight of a sugar or humectant selected from the group consisting of sucrose, reducing sugars, glucosamine, honey, corn syrup, glycerine, triethylene glycol, diglycerol, diglycerol tetraacetate, esters of sugars with C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 carbon atom carboxylic acids, and combinations thereof.
- 14. The process of claims 1 or 2 which further includes the addition of from about 5 to 80% by weight of a chitin-type material selected from the group consisting of chitin, oxidized chitin, chitosan and its salts, chitin hydrolyzates, chitosan hydrolyzates, glucosamine, ground-deproteinated shells of crustaceans, and combinations thereof.
- 15. The process of claim 14 in which the chitin-type material has been pyrolyzed to form a pyrolysate.
- 16. The process of claims 1 or 2 which further includes the addition of a heat-treated carbohydrate material selected from the group consisting of cellulose, starch, modified cellulosics, modified starches, gums, wood, plant parts, coffee hulls, peanut hulls, and combinations thereof.
- 17. The process of claim 16 wherein up to 80% by weight in the final product of heat-treated carbohydrate material is added.
- 18. The process of claim 17 wherein the heat-treated carbohydrate material has been pyrolyzed to a weight loss of from 10 to 90%.
- 19. The process of claims 1 or 3 which further includes the addition of from about 10 to 75% by weight of calcium carbonate having an average equivalent spherical diameter in the range of from about 10 to 300 microns, with no more than about 20% by weight of the calcium carbonate having an equivalent spherical diameter less than 2 microns.
- 20. The process of claims 4 or 9 wherein the metal salt is added in an amount of from 5 to 40% by weight, based on the cellulosic material.
- 21. The process of claim 4 wherein the ammonium or alkali metal salt capable of precipitating the cation of said water-soluble salt is selected from the group consisting of ammonium phosphate, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, ammonium metaphosphate, sodium metaphosphate, potassium metaphosphate, the ammonium, sodium, or potassium salts of pyrophosphoric acid, ammonium silicate, sodium silicate, potassium silicate, ammonium oxalate, sodium oxalate, potassium oxalate, ammonium malate, sodium malate, potassium malate, ammonium citrate, sodium citrate, potassium citrate, ammonium tartrate, sodium tartrate, potassium tartrate, ammonium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, and combinations thereof.
- 22. The product produced by the process of claim 1.
- 23. The process of claim 3 wherein the ammonium or alkali metal salt capable of precipitating the cation of said water-soluble salt is selected from the group consisting of ammonium phosphate, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, ammonium metaphosphate, potassium metaphosphate, the ammonium, sodium, or potassium salts of pyrophosphoric acid, ammonium silicate, sodium silicate, potassium silicate, ammonium oxalate, sodium oxalate, potassium oxalate, ammonium malate, sodium malate, potassium malate, ammonium citrate, sodium citrate, potassium citrate, ammonium tartrate, sodium tartrate, potassium tartrate, ammonium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, and combinations thereof.
- 24. The product produced by the process of claim 3.
- 25. The product produced by the process of claim 2.
Parent Case Info
This is a division of application Ser. No. 930,328, filed Aug. 2, 1978 now U.S. Pat. No. 4,333,484.
US Referenced Citations (11)
Divisions (1)
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Number |
Date |
Country |
Parent |
930328 |
Aug 1978 |
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