Patent Application
20240344688
Lighting fixtures based on concatenated lamp heads that extend away from a power source typically include articulating links between the lamp heads that provide illumination. When the articulating links are used to transmit power to the lamp heads, the illumination is typically limited to a choice between two different illumination colors.
It would therefore be desirable to provide a light fixture with concatenated lamp heads that provide more than two different illumination colors.
The leftmost digit (e.g., “L”) of a three-digit reference numeral (e.g., “LRR”), and the two leftmost digits (e.g., “LL”) of a four-digit reference numeral (e.g., “LLRR”), generally identify the first figure in which a part is called-out.
Apparatus and methods for lighting are provided.
The apparatus may include one or more jewels. A jewel may include a lamp head. A lamp head may include one or more of a light-emitting diode (“LED”) light source, a circuit for providing current to the LED light source, structure for connection to another jewel, conductors for electrical continuity with another jewel, optically diffusive material, ornamental material and any other suitable features.
Elements of components that are in electrical continuity may include copper, aluminum or any other suitable electrically conductive material.
The apparatus may include a first jewel. The apparatus may include a second jewel. The first jewel may support the second jewel. The first jewel may support the second jewel by a first link. The first link may be configured to provide current from the first jewel to the second jewel. The first jewel may support the second jewel by a second link. The first link that may be configured for transmission of current between the first jewel and the second jewel. The second link that may be configured for transmission of current between the first jewel and the second jewel.
A link may provide articulation between neighboring jewels. A link may be a link that does not provide articulation between neighboring jewels.
The first and second links may be the only attachments of the second jewel to the first jewel. The first jewel may be configured to selectively emit three different colors of light. The second jewel may be configured to selectively emit three different colors of light. The second jewel may be configured to selectively emit the three different colors of the first jewel. The selection may be performed by a user using a switch. The switch may include a mechanical switch. The switch may include an electrical switch. The switch may include a software switch.
The first and second links may be the only electrical conductors between the first and second jewels.
The first link may be configured to have a first voltage that corresponds to a first driver pole. The second link may be configured to have a second voltage that corresponds to a second driver pole.
The three colors may correspond to a color-1 LED string, a color-2 LED string and the color-1 LED string and the color-2 LED string. A string may coincide with all or some of a branch.
The color-1 LED string may be configured to emit a first of the three colors. The color-2 LED string may be configured to emit a second of the three colors.
The color-1 LED string may have a high end that is coupled to the first voltage. The color-1 LED string may have a low end that is coupled to the second voltage. The color-2 LED string may have a high end that is coupled to the second voltage. The color-2 LED string may have a low end that is coupled to the first voltage.
One or more of the jewels may include one or more of the strings. A color-1 string may be disposed in the second jewel. A color-2 string may be disposed in the second jewel.
The first jewel may include a color-1 LED string. The first jewel may include a color-2 LED string. The color-1 LED string may have a high end that is coupled to a first pole voltage. The color-1 LED string may have a low end that is coupled to a second pole voltage. The color-2 LED string may have a high end that is coupled to a second pole voltage. The color-2 LED string may have a low end that is coupled to a first pole voltage.
A first of the three colors may correspond to a first correlated color temperature (“CCT”). A second of the three colors may correspond to a second CCT. A third of the three colors may correspond to a third CCT.
One or more of the three colors may correspond to red, green, blue or any other suitable color.
The apparatus may include a user-operable switch. The switch may be configured for selection of one of the three colors.
The first jewel may be configured to emit the three lights.
The apparatus may include a third jewel. The third jewel may be supported by the second jewel. The third jewel may be supported by the second jewel by a third link. The third link may be configured to provide current from the second jewel to the third jewel. The third jewel may be supported by the second jewel by a fourth link. The fourth link may be configured to provide current from the second jewel to the third jewel.
The third and fourth links may be the only attachments of the third jewel to the second jewel. The third jewel may be configured to emit the three colors.
The apparatus may include a terminal jewel. The terminal jewel may be configured to link only to a single neighboring jewel. The terminal jewel may include links on only one end of the terminal jewel. A terminal end of terminal jewel may include a surface with no structural extensions. The terminal end may include an ornamental surface.
The terminal jewel may be configured to link only to two neighboring jewels. The terminal link may be configured to link mechanically to both of the neighboring jewels and electrically with only one of the neighboring jewels.
A user may connect a number of jewels to the end of a chain of jewels without performing an electrical wiring task other than connection of an addition jewel to the last jewel of the chain via links.
The apparatus may include a microcontroller. The microcontroller may be configured to distribute current between the first link and the second link.
The apparatus may include a transistor bridge. The bridge may adjust current flow through the first and second links. The bridge may adjust the current in conformance with signals from the microcontroller.
The apparatus may include a canopy. The canopy may be configured to be fixed to a ceiling, a wall or any other suitable structure.
The microcontroller and the transistor bridge may be disposed in the canopy.
The apparatus may include a user-operable switch that is configured for selection of one of the three colors. The switch may be disposed in the canopy. The switch may be in communication with the microcontroller.
The microcontroller may be configured to provide positive voltage to the first pole to energize color-1 LED strings. The microcontroller may be configured to provide positive voltage to the first pole to energize color-2 LED strings.
The first color may include a high CCT emission. The second color may include a low CCT emission. The third color may include a mixture of the high CCT emission and the low CCT emission.
The microcontroller may be configured to alternately energize the color-1 and color-2 LED strings to produce a third of the three colors. Alternation between the color-1 and color-2 LED strings may be a temporal alternation.
the fixture may include a canopy. The canopy may be mounted to a ceiling. The fixture may include one or more lamp heads. Four lamp heads are shown. The lamp heads may be attached to each other by one or more links. One or more lamp heads may be attached to the canopy by a one or more links. The links may be electrically conductive.
The fixture may include a section or sections. A section may include one or more jewels. A section may include a chain. The sections may be modular such that a section may be installable at the end of another section or to the canopy. Different sections may have different numbers of jewels. Different sections may have different lengths.
A section may be an “intermediate section.” An intermediate section may include linking features on both ends. A section may be an “end section.” An end section may have a linking feature on an end. An end section may have an attachment feature on the end. An end section may have an attachment feature on a different end. The attachment feature may provide for the addition or deployment of a linking feature.
The fixture may include a first section having jewels that are powered by a first driver. The fixture may include a second section having jewels that are powered by a second driver. The first section and the second section may be linked to each other by terminal jewels that are mechanically linked to each other but may be electrically isolated from each other.
Table 1 lists illustrative numbers of jewels in a section along with illustrative corresponding lengths.
A swag and suspension cable may be provided for decoration that may include an additional suspension point.
The fixture may be a fixture that includes no more than two drivers to power up to 40 jewels. This may reduce a size requirement of the canopy.
A link may include a hinge, a pin, a snap, a tab, a hook, a magnet or any other suitable attachment arrangement. The link may conduct electricity. The link may provide for articulation of the jewels relative to each other or relative to the canopy. A top jewel may be linked to the canopy.
A jewel may have a form. The form may include a bulb, a jewel, a crystal, a panel, a tile or any other suitable form. The panel may be square, rectangular, triangular or any other suitable shape.
Each jewel may include one or more LED (“light-emitting diode”) light sources. The fixture may include an electrical path. The path may include a first branch that runs from the canopy through the jewels to a terminal jewel. The path may include a second branch that runs from the terminal jewel through the jewels to the canopy.
A branch may include a link. A branch may include a printed circuit board (“PCB”). A branch may include a light-emitting diode (“LED”). A branch may include a conductor. A branch may include a wire. The branch may be a branch that does not include a wire. The branch may be a branch that includes a wire that is not part of the link. A branch may include one or more of the foregoing. A branch may include one or more of the foregoing in series. A branch may include one or more of the foregoing in parallel. A branch may provide power to LEDs along the branch by conducting current through one or more of the foregoing.
A first jewel may provide current to a second jewel along a path. A segment of the path that provides the current from the first jewel to the second jewel may be a segment that does not include wire. The segment may maintain electrical continuity between the first jewel and the second jewel through a range of orientations of the second jewel relative to the first jewel. The segment may maintain a mechanical relationship between the first jewel and the second jewel through the range of orientations. The segment may include a hinge. The hinge may provide sufficient friction to hold the second jewel in a user-selected orientation relative to the first jewel. The hinge may be a hinge that does not provide sufficient friction to hold the second jewel, under the weight of the second jewel, in an orientation relative to the first jewel.
The segment may include a plastically deformable material. The segment may include an elastically deformable material.
The fixture may include an LED driver circuit. The fixture may include a power supply. One or both of the driver circuit and the power supply may be disposed in the canopy. The fixture may include a switch. The switch may have a selector. The selector may have one or more settings. A first setting may correspond to a first LED type. A second setting may correspond to a second LED type. A third setting may correspond to a third LED type. An LED type may correspond to a color. The color may include red. The color may include green. The color may include white. The color may include a correlated color temperature (“CCT”).
The electrical path may be in electrical continuity with the driver circuit. The driver circuit may include a positive voltage output terminal. The driver circuit may include a negative voltage output terminal. The first branch may be coupled to the positive voltage output terminal.
The second branch may be coupled to the negative voltage output terminal. The first branch and the second branch may be coupled to each other at the terminal jewel.
The apparatus may include a first jewel. The apparatus may include a second jewel. The first jewel may include a first LED light source. The second jewel may include a second LED light source. The apparatus may include a first LED light source control circuit. The apparatus may include a second LED light source control circuit.
The first jewel may be configured to be mechanically and electrically linked to a first jewel chain that is configured to be powered by the first LED light source control unit. The second jewel may be configured to be mechanically and electrically linked to a second jewel chain that is configured to be powered by the second LED light source control unit. The second jewel may be configured to be mechanically linked to and electrically isolated from the first jewel. Both the first and the second jewel may be jewels that are configured such that a user can select from three different colors of light for emission by the jewels.
Fixture 100 may include chain 104 of jewels (J1. . . . J4). Chain 104 may define central axis Lc. Axes may define an upward direction. The upward direction may be designated by (+). Axes may define a downward direction. The downward direction may be designated by (−). Axis Lc may follow a central path through chain 104. Chain may 104 may have a straight configuration. Chain 104 may have a curved configuration.
Fixture 100 may include jewel 106 (J1). Fixture 100 may include jewel 108 (J2). Fixture 100 may include jewel 110 (J3). Fixture 100 may include jewel 112 (J4). Fixture 104 may be configured to include any suitable number jewels. Jewels J1 . . . J4 may include central axes C1 . . . C4, respectively.
Fixture 100 may include one or more links such as 114, 116, 118, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128 and any other suitable links. A link may include an upper extension such as 134. The link may include a lower extension such as 136. The upper and lower extension may be joined by a pin such as 138.
Jewel 112 may be a terminal jewel. A terminal jewel may have links on only a (+) end. Jewel 112 may include terminal end 130. Terminal end 130 may be an end that does not include structure on a (−) end for supporting a jewel. Terminal end 130 may include one or more ornamental surfaces. Terminal end 130 may be translucent. Terminal end 130 may include flat surface 132.
Canopy 102 may include LED current distribution circuitry (not shown). The circuitry may include a first voltage pole. The circuitry may include a second voltage pole. The two voltage poles be in electrical continuity with the links.
Chain 104 may define a first branch. Chain 104 may define a second branch. The first branch may be equipotential with the first pole. The second branch may be equipotential with the second pole. Links 114, 118, 122 and 126 may be part of the first branch. Links 116, 120, 124 and 128 may be part of the second branch. The first and second poles may be separated by electrical insulation. The first and second branches may be separated by electrical insulation. The insulation may include insulation 140, 142, 144 and 146.
Fixture 100 may include illustrative cover 150.
The first branch may deliver current to jewels J1 . . . J4 to emit light of a first color. The second branch may deliver current to jewels J1 . . . J4 to emit light of a second color. The first and second branches may deliver current to jewels J1 . . . J4 to emit light of a third color.
Fixture 100 may have a user-operable switch (not shown) for selecting between the first color, the second color and the third color. The user-operable switch may be disposed in canopy 102.
Each jewel may include a color-1 LED string (not shown) to emit light of the first color. Each jewel may include a color-2 LED string (not shown) to emit light of the second color. The circuitry may produce the third color using the color-1 LED string and the color-2 LED string.
The links may be the only structural connections between the jewels. The links may be the only electrical connections between the jewels. Links 114 and 116 may be the only structural connections between canopy 102 and jewel 106. Links 114 and 116 may be the only electrical connections between canopy 102 and jewel 106.
Controller 204 may include user-operable CCT selector 206. Selector 206 may have two or more settings, e.g., “1,” “2,” and “3.” The different settings may correspond to different outputs at poles 208 (“A”) and 210 (“B”). Architecture 200 may include illustrative LED module circuit 212. Selector 206 may be mechanically operable. Selector 206 may be electronically operable. Selector 206 may be operably electronically by software. Selector 206 may be operably remotely from a mobile device. Selector 206 may be operably wirelessly.
Table 2 lists illustrative ranges that may include nominal CCT values for a first CCT or a second CCT.
When selector 206 is in position “1”, the controller will control pole A to be the “+” pole, pole B to be the “−” pole, LED group 1 will be on, and LED group 2 will be off. At this time, the color temperature of the module is the LED group 1 color temperature.
When selector 206 is in position “3”, the controller will control pole A to be the “−” pole, pole B to be the “+” pole, LED group 1 will be off, and LED group 2 will be on. At this time, the color temperature of the module is LED 2 color temperature.
When selector 206 is in position “2”, the controller will control pole A a first fraction of the time to be the “+” pole and a second fraction of the time to be the “−” pole. Pole B will have polarity opposite that of pole A. When the positive and negative switching frequency is large enough, the color temperature of the fixture is a mixture of the CCTs of LED group 1 and LED group 2. The mixed CCT may be a CCT value in a range listed in Table 2. The mixed CCT may be 3,500° K, for example.
A switching cycle, during which LED group 1 are illuminated for a first fraction and LED group 2 are illuminated for a second fraction, may have any suitable duration.
The first and second fractions may be the same. The first and second fractions may be different. A sum of the first and second fractions may be about 1. The first and second fractions may be sized to result in a desired CCT mix between LED group 1 and LED group 2. Table 4 lists illustrative ranges that may include the first and second fractions.
Poles 510 and 512 may include material that provides structural support to jewel J2. Poles 510 and 512 may be fastened to bases 504 and 506 by electrically conductive fasteners. The electrically conductive fasteners may include screws such as screws 507. Poles 510 and 512 may include holes 516 and 518 to receive the fasteners. A hole may traverse the length of the pole. A hole may not traverse the length of the pole. The fasteners may include screws.
Poles 510 and 512 may correspond to poles A and B of
Poles 510 and $12 may thus be part of branches I and 2, respectively. The top of the jewel may be constructed in an analogous manner to what is shown in
Pole 710 may be in electrical continuity with base 704 via fasteners 714. Fasteners 714 may include screws. Pole 710, base 704 and fasteners 714 may be part of the second branch.
Jewel J3 may include electrical insulation 714. Jewel J3 may include insulation 716. Pole 708 may include hole 718. Pole 710 may include hole 720. Holes 718 and 720 may have one or more features in common with holes 516 and 518. Each of poles 708 and 710 may include one or more other holes corresponding to fasteners 712 and 714.
Pole 510 may include hole 722. Pole 512 may include hole 724. Holes 722 and 724 may have one or more features in common with holes 516 and 518.
Base 702 may include shoulder 726. Shoulder 726 may be contoured to provide clearance for boss 728 of base 504. Base 702 may include shoulder 730. Shoulder 730 may be contoured to provide clearance for boss 732 of base 506. Bases 504 and 506 may include corresponding shoulders for bosses 734 and 736 of bases 702 and 704.
Jewel J2 may include screws 810, 812, 814 and 816. Jewel J2 may include base 818 and base 820.
Base 504 may be in electrical continuity with jewel J3. Base 504 may be in electrical continuity with screw 810. Screw 810 may be in electrical continuity with pole 510. Pole 510 may be in electrical continuity with screw 814. Screw 814 may be in electrical continuity with base 818. Base 818 may be in electrical continuity with jewel 31.
Base 506 may be in electrical continuity with jewel J3. Base 506 may be in electrical continuity with screw 812. Screw 812 may be in electrical continuity with pole 512. Pole 512 may be in electrical continuity with screw 816. Screw 816 may be in electrical continuity with base 820. Base 820 may be in electrical continuity with jewel J1.
Jewel 1102 may include PCB 1112. PCB 1112 may include LED group 1114.
PCB 1102 may include an LED module circuit (not shown). The circuit may have one or more features in common with LED module circuit 212 (shown in
The LED module circuit may include a first LED string that corresponds to LED group 1 (shown in
Jewel 1102 may include jumpers such as 1116 and 1118. Jumper 1116 may be in electrical continuity with pole 1108. Jumper 1118 may be in electrical continuity with pole 1110. Jumper 1116 may be in electrical continuity with pole 1120 of PCB 1112. Jumper 1118 may be in electrical continuity with pole 1122 of PCB 1112. Both of poles 1120 and 1122 may correspond to pole A (shown in
Jewel 1102 may include jumpers such as 1124 and 1126. Jumper 1124 may be in electrical continuity with pole 1110. Jumper 1126 may be in electrical continuity with pole 1110. Jumper 1124 may be in electrical continuity with pole 1128 of PCB 1112. Jumper 1126 may be in electrical continuity with pole 1130 of PCB 1112. Both of poles 1128 and 1130 may correspond to pole B (shown in
Circuit 1300 may include branch 1302. Branch 1302 may include one or more warm CCT LED group 1304 (Wj). Group 1304 may correspond to LED Group 1 (shown in
Circuit 1300 may include branch 1310. Branch 1310 may include one or more cool CCT LED group 1312 (Ck). Group 1312 may correspond to LED Group 2. Branch 1310 may run from pole 1314 (A2) to pole 1316 (B2). Pole 1314 may correspond to pole A (shown in
Pole 1404 (A1) may correspond to pole 1306 (A1). Pole 1406 (A2) may correspond to pole 1314 (A2). Pole 1408 (B1) may correspond to pole 1308 (B1). Pole 1410 (B2) may correspond to pole 1316 (B2).
Layout 1400 may include LED group 1412. LED group 1412 may include LEDs such as LED group 1304 (W1-W36) and LED group 1312 (C1-C36).
Warm CCT LEDs Wj may extend from pole 1408
Circuit 1600 may include driver 1602. Circuit 1600 may include color switching unit 1604. Circuit 1600 may include power supply circuit 1606. Circuit 1600 may include MCU control circuit 1608.
Circuit 1600 may receive a dimming signal from dimmer D. Dimmer D may include any suitable dimmer. Dimmer D may be a commercially available dimmer switch. Dimmer D may include a forward phase cut dimmer (e.g., magnetic low voltage (“MLV”) or Triac). Dimmer D may include a reverse phase dimmer (e.g., electronic low voltage (“ELV”)). Dimmer D may include a 0-10V dimmer. Dimmer D may be a wall-mounted dimmer switch.
AC power may enter dimmer D from L and N phase lines from standard AC Input Voltage IV.
Driver 1602 may be any suitable driver. Table 5 lists illustrative drivers for chains of different lengths. A fixture having one or more chains may have one or more drivers for each chain.
Driver 1602 may output voltage Vo. Vo may have a variable voltage. Vo may have a constant current. Driver 1602 may provide Vo to color switching unit 1604. Driver 1602 may provide Vo to microcontroller unit (“MCU”) control circuit 1608. Color switching unit 1604 may include LED module 1650. Circuit 1608 may control the flow of current through LED group 1 and LED group 2 by controlling the states of MOSFETs Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 in color switching unit 1604.
Power supply circuit 1606 may provide a constant voltage to MCU control circuit 1608.
In a first state, MOSFETs 1704 (Q1) and 1710 (Q4) may be open (conducting) and MOSFETs 1706 (Q2) and 1708 (Q3) may be closed (non-conducting). In the first state, pole A may be HIGH and pole B may be LOW. Current may flow through LED group 1, which are aligned to conduct from pole A to pole B when pole A is HIGH, and not through LED group 2, which are aligned with polarity opposite LED group 1.
In a second state, MOSFETs 1706 (Q2) and 1708 (Q3) may be closed and MOSFETs 1704 (Q1) and 1710 (Q4) may be open. In the second state, pole B may be HIGH and pole A may be LOW. Current may flow through LED group 2, which are aligned to conduct from pole B to pole A when pole B is HIGH, and not through LED group 1, which are aligned with polarity opposite LED group 2.
In a third state, H-bridge 1702 may alternate between the first and second states. The alternation may have a duty cycle. The alternation may be based on fractions of the duty cycle. The first, second and third states may correspond to positions of selector 206.
Circuit 1604 may include integrated circuit (“IC”) 1716 (U3). IC 1716 (U3) may output PWM voltages 1718 (HO1) and 1720 (LO1), which may control, respectively MOSFETs 1704 (Q1) and 1708 (Q3). IC 1716 (U3) may receive signal 1722 (PWM1) and signal 1724 (PWM2). IC 1716 (U3) may receive signal 1722 (PWM1) at pin HN. IC 1716 (U3) may receive signal 1724 (PWM2) at pin LN.
Circuit 1604 may include integrated circuit (“IC”) 1726 (U4). IC 1726 (U4) may output PWM voltages 1728 (HO2) and 1730 (LO2), which may control, respectively MOSFETs 1706 (Q2) and 1710 (Q4). IC 1726 (U4) may receive signal 1722 (PWM1) and signal 1724 (PWM2). IC 1716 (U3) may receive signal 1722 (PWM1) at pin LN. IC 1716 (U3) may receive signal 1724 (PWM2) at pin LH.
The sum of signals 1722 (PWM1) and 1724 (PWM2) may correspond to a dimming level set by dimmer D. The difference of signals 1722 (PWM1) and 1724 (PWM2) may correspond to a difference in intensity of light emission from LED group 1 and LED group 2. The difference may be based on an OFF condition in one of LED group 1 and LED group 2. The difference may be based on a difference of ON conditions between LED group 1 and LED group 2.
IC 1716 (U3) and IC 1726 (U4) may have similar or identical pin configurations. The inputs of signals 1722 (PWM1) and 1724 (PWM2) to IC 1726 (U4) pins HN and LN may be the reverse of the inputs of signals 1722 (PWM1) and 1724 (PWM2) to IC 1716 (U3) pins HN and LN. Current flow may be apportioned between LED group 1 and LED group 2.
Circuit 1608 may receive external control signal 1814 (Rx). Signal may be processed by the MCU U2 to obtain signals PWM1 and PWM2.
By controlling the turn-on time of the MOS Q1/Q4 and Q2/Q3, the brightness of the LED light sources of LED group 1 and LED group 2 can be adjusted, so as to realize the adjustment of the color temperature of LED light source.
Table 6 lists illustrative parts that may be associated with one or more circuits.
Fixture 2100 may include a first LED driver circuit (not shown). The first LED driver circuit may provide power to LEDs in chain 2102. Fixture 2100 may include a second LED driver circuit (not shown). The second LED driver circuit may provide power to LEDs in chain 2102. The LEDs in chain 2104 may be electrically isolated from the first LED driver circuit. The LEDs in chain 2102 may electrically isolated from the second LED driver circuit. The first LED driver circuit may be disposed in canopy 2106. The second LED driver circuit may be disposed is canopy 2108.
Circuits for illuminating chain 2106 may be the same or similar to the circuits provided for chain 104. Circuits for illuminating chain 2108 may be the same or similar to the circuits provided for chain 104.
Jewel 2204 may include extension 2208. Jewel 2204 may include extension 2210. Jewel 2206 may include extension 2212. Jewel 2204 may include extension 2214.
Extension 2208 may be in electrical continuity through a first branch through jewel 2204 to circuitry in canopy 2106. Extension 2210 may be in electrical continuity through a second branch through jewel 2204 to circuitry in canopy 2106. The first and second branches may be maintained at different voltages from each other for operation of LEDs arranged between the first and second branches.
Extension 2212 may be in electrical continuity through a third branch through jewel 2206 to circuitry in canopy 2108. Extension 2214 may be in electrical continuity through a fourth branch through jewel 2206 to circuitry in canopy 2108. The third and fourth branches may be maintained at different voltages from each other for operation of LEDs arranged between the third and fourth branches.
Link 2202 may include pivot 2216. Link 2202 may include pivot 2218. Link 2202 may include washer 2220. Link 2202 may include washer 2222. Pivot 2216 and pivot 2218 may provide mechanical linkage between jewel 2204 and jewel 2206. Link 2202 may include washer 2220. Link 2202 may include washer 2222. Pivots 2216 and 2218 and washers 2220 and 2222 may include non-conducting material. The non-conducting material may include a dielectric, polymer or other suitable non-conducting material. The first and third branches may thus be electrically isolated from each other. The second and fourth branches may thus be electrically isolated from each other. Chain 2102 and chain 2104 may thus be electrically isolated from each other.
All ranges and parameters disclosed herein shall be understood to encompass any and all subranges subsumed therein, every number between the endpoints, and the endpoints. For example, a stated range of “1 to 10” should be considered to include any and all subranges between (and inclusive of) the minimum value of 1 and the maximum value of 10; that is, all subranges beginning with a minimum value of 1 or more (e.g. 1 to 6.1), and ending with a maximum value of 10 or less (e.g., 2.3 to 10.4, 3 to 8, 4 to 7), and finally to each number 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, and 10 contained within the range.
Thus, apparatus and methods for LED lighting have been provided. Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention can be practiced by other than the described examples, which are presented for purposes of illustration rather than of limitation. The present invention is limited only by the claims that follow.
This application is a nonprovisional of U.S. Provisional Applications Nos. 63/401,813 filed Aug. 29, 2002, and 63/426,841, filed Nov. 21, 2022, both of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 63401813 | Aug 2022 | US | |
| 63426841 | Nov 2022 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 18602371 | Mar 2024 | US |
| Child | 18754721 | US | |
| Parent | 18374121 | Sep 2023 | US |
| Child | 18602371 | US | |
| Parent | 18094374 | Jan 2023 | US |
| Child | 18374121 | US |
