Patent Grant
11154760
This disclosure relates generally to manufactured rock climbing walls and to components of manufactured rock climbing walls. More specifically, this disclosure relates to components of manufactured rock climbing walls that enable individuals to practice climbing cracks, or “crack climbing.” Even more specifically, this disclosure relates to modular cracks that are capable of being removably mounted to manufactured rock climbing walls.
Manufactured rock climbing walls, which are also commonly referred to as “indoor climbing walls,” enable individuals to learn and improve their rock climbing skills. Indoor climbing walls can be found in specialty rock climbing gyms, at stores that sell rock climbing equipment, and in individuals' homes. It is generally much safer for individuals to learn and improve climbing skills on an indoor climbing wall in a controlled environment than on a natural rock wall in nature. Although many indoor climbing walls are tall, their heights are typically much shorter than the rock faces that an individual will climb in nature. The horizontal surfaces (e.g., the floor, etc.) below indoor climbing walls are often padded, providing individuals with additional protection if they fall while learning and/or improving their rock climbing skills. Indoor climbing walls provide the additional advantage of belay protection, where the climber is secured by a rope running through a belay bar at the top of the climbing surface and then back down to the individual climbing the climbing surface. The belay rope is typically held by an individual who acts as a climbing partner to the individual ascending the climbing surface. Individuals who climb in gyms may also use an auto-belay cable system that will safely lower the individual to the floor if he or she loses his or her grip on the wall and falls. Gym climbers can allow peers and instructors to observe their technique and procedure more closely than they could in nature, enabling peers and instructors to provide advice or instructions as the individual encounters new challenges.
An indoor climbing wall typically includes a support frame, a climbing surface mounted to the support frame, a plurality of t-nuts arranged across the climbing surface, and holds mounted to the t-nuts and, thus, to the climbing surface. The support frame may comprise the frame of a wall of a building or any other structure that will support the weight of the climbing surface and one or more climbers as they grasp holds that have been secured to the climbing surface. Climbing surfaces may be oriented vertically and/or at one or more angles that overhang a horizontal surface (e.g., a floor, etc.) above which the indoor climbing wall extends. The t-nuts, which are typically recessed within a climbing surface, may be arranged across the climbing surface in an array or randomly. Bolts that complementarily engage the t-nuts may couple holds of various shapes and sizes to the t-nuts and, thus, secure the holds to the wall. The bolts that are typically used to secure holds to the t-nuts in the climbing surface of a climbing wall (i.e., “standard climbing hold bolts”) are typically ⅜-16 socket cap bolts (i.e., bolts with a diameter of % inch over the largest parts of their threads, a pitch of 16 threads, or thread turns, per inch, and a cylindrical head with a socket that will receive a so-called Allen wrench or hex wrench). The arrangement of the t-nuts, the spacing between t-nuts, and the availability of a variety of different holds may facilitate the placement and orientation of holds on the climbing surface in a wide variety of arrangements, enabling individuals to establish a variety of routes of various difficulties up the indoor climbing wall.
While conventional indoor climbing walls let individuals develop their skills in identifying and climbing routes that include features that protrude from the face of the wall, the opportunities they provide for learning to use cavities, or hollows, and cracks while climbing are typically very limited. Commercial indoor rock climbing gyms have rarely installed crack climbs because they require specialized construction techniques and extensive wall space. When cracks are present in conventional indoor climbing walls, they are often limited to straight-in cracks of constant width or molded permanent cracks that provide little variation and, thus, little opportunity for the types of crack climbing experiences that will be valuable in nature. Climbers may also grow tired of repeatedly climbing the same crack. Such permanently fixed cracks are expensive to modify or replace when climbers grow tired of trying to climb the same crack over and over. Thus, the availability of opportunities to practice crack climbing in the controlled, relatively safe environments where indoor climbing walls are typically present has historically been very limited.
A crack climbing module according to this disclosure may be mounted to a climbing surface of a conventional manufactured rock climbing wall. For the sake of simplicity, a manufactured rock climbing wall may also be referred to herein as a “climbing wall.” A crack climbing module that may be secured to a climbing surface of a climbing wall may include a crack that resembles a crack in a natural rock face. More specifically, the crack of a crack climbing module according to this disclosure may provide a continuous crack with variations, or irregularities, that resemble the variations that may be found in cracks in natural rock faces, which may also be referred to as “natural cracks.” Such variations may include the shapes of natural cracks (e.g., linear, jagged, etc.), the textures of natural cracks (e.g., rough, smooth, sharp corners, smooth corners, etc.), the widths of natural cracks, and the like, as well as any combination of the foregoing.
In various embodiments, a crack climbing module may include a frame and a pod, which together may be referred to as a panel. A configuration of the frame may enable it to be secured to a climbing surface of a climbing wall. The frame may removably hold the pod, which defines the crack, including its width and shape.
The frame may have a configuration that enables it to be mounted to the climbing surface of a conventional indoor climbing wall. More specifically, a base of the frame may have a configuration that enables the frame to be mounted to a climbing wall. The frame may be mounted to a climbing surface of a climbing wall in a manner that will hold the weight of at least one individual as he or she climbs the climbing surface of a climbing wall to which the frame has been mounted. In addition, the frame may be able to withstand forces exerted thereon as an individual who is climbing the climbing surface uses his or her fingers and hands to jam inside the pod's crack. Maintaining proper jamming strength is how a climber moves up a wall surface. In some embodiments, the base of the frame may include apertures that can align with t-nuts in the climbing surface and receive bolts that will engage the t-nuts (e.g., standard climbing hold bolts, etc.) and be engaged by the heads of such bolts.
The frame may include side walls that protrude outwardly from the base to define an elongated receptacle, or channel, capable of receiving, engaging, and selectively releasing one or more pods. The side walls of the frame may have inner surfaces that oppose, or face, one another. The inner surfaces of the side walls may be relatively planar and oriented parallel to one another. Such a configuration may enable the receptacle to receive the bodies of pods that are rectangular in shape. The distance each side wall extends from the base, or its height, may define a depth of the receptacle. The receptacle may have a depth that can accommodate a pod that includes a crack with a depth that will provide an individual with an experience that approximates crack climbing in nature.
A coupling deck may project outwardly from each side wall of the frame, with the coupling decks on opposed side walls extending in opposite directions from one another. The coupling decks may include coupling elements that enable a pod that has been introduced into the receptacle to be coupled to the frame. As an example, each of the coupling decks may include a plurality of coupling apertures that are sized and threaded in a manner that enables them to receive and engage the threading of standard climbing hold bolts.
When the frame is mounted to a climbing surface of a conventional climbing wall (e.g., using standard climbing hold bolts, etc.), it will protrude somewhat from the climbing surface. Accordingly, the frame may include transition features at its sides. Each transition feature may extend from an outside surface of a corresponding side wall of the frame to the climbing surface in a manner that provides a smooth transition (e.g., a taper, etc.). In some embodiments, the transition features at the sides of the frame may comprise outward extensions from the coupling decks of the frame.
The same size frame may be capable of receiving and engaging pods with cracks of different shapes and sizes so a gym can provide versatility and variety for climbers. In embodiments where a series of frames can be arranged vertically, the frames could receive a series of pods with the same crack configuration, or combine pods with cracks of different sizes to more closely simulate a natural crack.
Each pod may include a body that defines a crack. The crack may extend from an outer surface of the pod at least partially into the body. The body may have a configuration that enables it to be received by the receptacle of the frame of the crack climbing module. More specifically, the pod may include two sides with outer surfaces that will oppose, or face, and that may be positioned in close proximity to (e.g., adjacent to, against, etc.) the inner surfaces of the side wall of the frame. The crack of the pod may extend along a length of the body and may be positioned somewhat centrally between the sides of the pod.
The outer surface of the pod may have a texture that resembles a natural texture of a rock face in which the crack defined by the pod could be found. Without limitation, such a surface could be smooth or rough. It could be relatively flat or include irregularities. While the crack of the pod may provide an individual with a simulated experience of a natural crack, the outer surface of the pod may provide the individual with a simulated experience of a surface into which a natural crack may extend.
Since a system according to this disclosure is modular (i.e., a variety of pods may be interchangeably used with a frame), the pods may have the same lengths—a unit length—or multiples of the unit length. Likewise, a length of the panel receptacle of the frame may frame may be the unit length or a multiple thereof. In embodiments where the pod has a crack configuration that enables it to be used in series with one or more other pods of a set of pods, the location of a crack at each end of the outer surface of the pod may be a fixed location, or location common, at an end of the pod. By placing an ends of crack of various pods at a fixed location, the assembly of such pods in series with one another may provide a continuous crack, even though the crack of one pod may have a shape that differs from a shape of the crack of every other pod of the set.
The manner in which the pod is coupled to the frame should be sufficient to hold the weight of the climber, as well as withstand forces exerted as an individual uses his or her jam strength in the crack to change his or her position on the climbing surface (e.g., to move up the wall, etc.). In this regard, the pod may include coupling features that enable it to be securely coupled to the frame of the crack climbing module. Without limitation, the pod may include coupling wings, or flanges, that extend outward from sides of the body of the pod to define a face of the pod. Each coupling wing may comprise an extension of the outer surface of the body of the pod, and include one or more coupling features that align with corresponding coupling features of a coupling deck of a frame of the crack climbing module. As an example, each coupling feature of a coupling wing of a pod may comprise an aperture that can receive and be engaged by the head of a standard climbing hold bolt.
A width of the crack in a pod may be adjustable. Adjustability of the width of the crack of a pod may be achieved in a variety of ways. In some embodiments, the sides of the body of a pod may be capable of being moved towards and/or away from one another. The sides of the body of such a pod may slide relative to one another. The sides of the body of such a pod may be separate from one another. In such embodiments, the pod may include coupling features that accommodate various possible widths of the body. Without limitation, a length of each coupling feature may be aligned with a direction in which the sides of the body move toward and/or away from one another, enabling the coupling feature to align with a corresponding coupling feature of the frame of the crack climbing module provided that the sides of the body of the pod are positioned close enough to one another that the body of the pod will fit within the receptacle of the frame. As an example, each coupling feature may include a series of apertures, which may be discrete from one another, that are configured to enable the sides of the body of the pod to be positioned a predetermined, or fixed, number of distances apart from each other between a minimum width and a maximum width of the body of the pod. Regardless of how the coupling features are configured, the relative positions of the sides and, thus, the width of the crack defined by a pod with moveable sides may be held in place as the pod is secured to the frame of the crack climbing module. A crack climbing module that includes such an adjustable pod may also include a frame that can accommodate the various possible widths of the adjustable pod; additionally, the coupling decks of such a frame may include features that are able to receive spacers that can mount flush with an outer surface of the adjustable pod to provide increased continuity across an outer surface of the crack climbing module.
The frame and, thus, the pod(s) of a crack climbing module may be oriented in any of a variety of different orientations along a climbing surface of a climbing wall, including vertically, horizontally, or any of a variety of different diagonal orientations between vertical and horizontal. A plurality of frames may be arranged in series across a portion of the climbing wall to enable the establishment of a single crack course up the climbing surface of the climbing wall or one or more frames may be positioned relative to conventional holds to provide a course that includes cracks and protrusions.
A crack climbing system according to this disclosure may include at least one frame and a plurality of interchangeable pods with different crack configurations from one another.
In another aspect, structures that can directly receive modular pods according to this disclosure are disclosed. As a non-limiting example, a permanent climbing wall of a climbing gym may include an elongated receptacle for one or more pods according to this disclosure. Use of the elongated receptacle with pods may enable periodic variation in a crack along the part of the climbing surface of the climbing wall along which the receptacle is located. Such a receptacle may be isolated from other features (e.g., climbing holds, etc.) or it may be used in conjunction with other climbing features.
An artificial climbing boulder is another example of a structure that may include one or more receptacles for a pod or series of pods according to this disclosure. The distinguishing characteristic between an artificial climbing boulder and an indoor climbing wall surface is that boulders are low enough in height (typically less than about 16 feet (or less than about 5 meters) that climbers do not require a safety belay. Such an artificial climbing boulder may include a plurality of climbing surfaces orientated at different angles or combinations of angles relative to the surface (e.g., a floor, a concrete slab, the ground, etc.) that supports the artificial climbing boulder.
As yet another example of a structure that can directly receive modular pods of this disclosure, a free-standing climbing tower according to this disclosure may comprise a frame that can support a climbing surface in a variety of orientations, including one or more orientations. A configuration of the frame may enable it to support a climbing surface, pods that have been secured to the climbing surface, and at least one individual as he or she ascends climbing surface. In some embodiments, the frame may be secured (e.g., bolted, etc.) to a horizontal surface (e.g., a floor, a concrete slab, etc.). In other embodiments, the frame may be portable, facilitating its movement and, thus, movement of the free-standing climbing tower from one location to another. The orientation(s) at which the frame may support the climbing surface include one or more inclined orientations (i.e., at an angle of greater than 90° between a surface that supports the frame and the climbing surface held by the frame), a vertical orientation (i.e., at an angle of about 90° between the surface that supports the frame and the climbing surface held by the frame), and/or one or more overhanging orientations (i.e., at an angle of less than 90° between the surface that supports the frame and the climbing surface held by the frame). Receptacles in the climbing surface of such a free-standing climbing tower may be capable of receiving and retaining (e.g., with standard climbing hold bolts, etc.) one or more pods according to this disclosure.
A method for designing a crack climb may include determining a course for a crack along a climbing surface of an existing climbing wall, as well as defining a crack. Once the course has been determined, one or more frames of a crack climbing module may be secured to the climbing surface. Definition of the crack may include selecting one or more pods that define all or a part of a desired crack, including one or more characteristics of the crack. Once a frame has been secured to the crack climbing surface, the one or more pods may be coupled to the frame. If a plurality of pods have been selected, they may be coupled to the frame in a series that provides the crack that has been designed. Optionally, the width of the crack or a portion thereof may be defined as a pod that defines that crack or portion thereof is coupled to the frame.
In designing a crack climb for a climbing surface that includes at least one receptacle for one or more pods, the crack may be defined by selecting one or more pods from a set of pods to define all or a part of a desired crack with one or more characteristics. Each pod may be installed in the receptacle and coupled to the climbing surface. If a plurality of pods have been selected, they may be coupled to the climbing surface in a series that provides the crack that has been designed. Optionally, the width of the crack or a portion thereof may be defined as a pod that defines that crack or portion thereof is coupled to the climbing surface.
When a new crack climbing challenge is desired, the pod(s) may be removed from the receptacle of its frame without removing the frame itself. In embodiments where the receptacle comprises a receptacle of a frame of a crack climbing module, the frame may be optionally removed from the climbing surface of the climbing wall, and recoupled to new locations of the climbing surface to define a new course over the climbing surface. The pod(s) may then be rearranged or replaced with one or more different pods to define a new crack.
A method for designing the crack of a pod may include obtaining an image of a natural crack and reproducing the natural crack as part of a pod. Such a method may include obtaining an information of a well-known crack, which may be used to define a pod or a series of pods that resemble the crack to enable an individual to practice climbing the crack in a safe, controlled environment before he or she travels to and attempts to climb that crack in nature.
Other aspects of the disclosed subject matter, as well as features and advantages of various aspects of the disclosed subject matter, should become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art through consideration of the ensuing description, the accompanying drawings, and the appended claims.
In the drawings:
With reference to
The base 22 of the frame 20 may include a plurality of mounting features 24 that can be used to mount the frame 20 to a climbing surface of a conventional climbing wall. The mounting features 24 may include apertures, such as the slots depicted by
The side walls 26 of the frame 20 may extend in a forward direction from the base 22. In some embodiments, the side walls 26 may extend from sides of the base 22; the side walls 26 may even be continuous with the sides of the base 22. The side walls 26 may be oriented parallel to one another. Together, the base 22 and the side walls 26 may define a receptacle 30 of the frame 20. A distance between inner surfaces 28 of the side walls 26 may define a width of the receptacle 30. Depths of the side walls 26, or the distance each side wall 26 protrudes beyond a front surface of the base 22, may define a depth of the receptacle 30. In some embodiments, the receptacle 30 may have a width of about 6 inches (about 15.2 cm) and a depth of about 6 inches (about 15.2 cm) or about 8 inches (about 20.3 cm); a width of about 8 inches (about 20.3 cm) and a depth of about 6 inches (about 15.2 cm), about 8 inches (about 20.3 cm), or about 10 inches (about 25.4 cm); or a width of about 10 inches (about 25.4 cm) and a depth of about 6 inches (about 15.2 cm), about 8 inches (about 20.3 cm), about 10 inches (about 25.4 cm), or about 12 inches (about 30.5 cm). Of course, the receptacle 30 may have a variety of other widths, depths, and combinations of widths and depths. In a specific embodiment, the frame 20 may include a receptacle 30 with a width of about 8 inches (about 20.3 cm) and a depth of about 10 inches (about 25.4 cm).
The coupling decks 32 of the frame 20 may be oriented substantially parallel to the base 22 of the frame 20. Additionally, the coupling decks 32 may reside within the same plane (i.e., they may be coplanar). Each coupling deck 32 may include a series of coupling features 34. Each coupling feature 34 have a configuration that enables it engage or be engaged by a corresponding coupling feature of a pod 50 (
Each transition feature 36 of the frame 20 may extend outwardly from a corresponding coupling deck 32, and rearwardly toward a plane in which the base 22 of the frame 20 resides. An inner edge 38 of each transition feature 36, which is adjacent to an outer edge of the corresponding coupling deck 32, may protrude slightly beyond a front surface, or an outer surface, of each coupling deck 32. The distance the inner edge 38 protrudes beyond the front surface of the adjacent coupling deck 32 may be the same as or substantially the same as the width of a feature of the pod 50 (
An outer surface of each transition feature 36 may be oriented at an angle that provides smooth transition between the coupling decks 32 and a climbing surface to which the frame 20 is mounted. An outer edge 40 of each transition feature 36 may extend to a location that will be positioned adjacent to, or even abut, the climbing surface to which the frame 20 is mounted.
A support flange 42 may extend from the outer edge 40 of each transition feature 36 toward the base 22 of the frame 20. Each support flange 42 may be coplanar with the base 22. Mounting features 44 positioned along the outer edge 40 of each transition feature 36 may align with corresponding mounting features 46 of each support flange 42 to enable the transition feature 36 to be secured to a climbing surface and, thus, to enable the frame 20 to be further secured to the climbing surface. As an example, the coupling mounting 44 and 46 may comprise aligned apertures that may be aligned with corresponding mounting features of (e.g., t-nuts in, etc.) the climbing surface to enable coupling elements (e.g., standard climbing hold bolts, etc.) to secure the transition features 36 to the climbing surface. In the previously provided specific embodiment, each transition feature 36 may be oriented at an angle of about 40.40° from its corresponding coupling deck 32 and extend a lateral distance of about 11¾ inches (about 30 cm) beyond the outer extent of its corresponding coupling deck 32, imparting the frame 20 with a width of about 36 inches (about 90 cm).
The various features of the frame 20 may be defined in any suitable manner that may impart the frame 20 with sufficient structural integrity to hold the weight of at least one individual as he or she climbs the climbing surface of a climbing wall to which the frame 20 has been mounted and to withstand forces exerted thereon as an individual who is climbing the climbing surface uses his or her grip in a crack of a pod 50 (
Turning now to
Each side 52, 62 of the pod 50 may include a body 53, 63 and a coupling wing 54, 64, or flange. Outer surfaces 56 and 66 of the coupling wings 54 and 64 may define a front surface, or an outer surface or face, of the pod 50. The bodies 53 and 63 may extend rearward from back sides of the coupling wings 54 and 64.
Each body 53, 63 may include a side wall 55, 65. It is the side walls 55 and 65 that define the crack 80 of the pod 50. More specifically, the side walls 55 and 65 may be at least partially spaced apart from one another, with interior surfaces 60 and 70 of the side walls 55 and 65, respectively, being opposed to one another, or facing each other, to define the crack 80. The depths of the side walls 55 and 65 (i.e., the dimensions from their corresponding coupling wings 54 and 64 to their lower extents in the orientations shown in
As illustrated by
As illustrated by
Each coupling wing 54, 64 may have a configuration that enables it to rest against a corresponding coupling deck 32 (
A series of coupling features 58, 68 may be positioned adjacent to an outer edge 57, 67 of each coupling wing 54, 64. When the coupling wings 54 and 64 are positioned against corresponding coupling decks 32 (
The materials from which the pod 50 is formed, a structure of the pod 50, and/or a manner in which the pod 50 is mounted to a climbing surface (e.g., by way of a frame 20 of a crack climbing module 10 (
In a specific embodiment, a pod 50 according to this disclosure may be fabricated by defining a crack in a blank (e.g., a block of foam, etc.) to form a so-called “plug,” or a form. The crack 80 may be defined by hand, with a computer numeric control (CNC) machine, or in any other suitable manner. Once the crack and the remainder of the plug have been defined, the plug may be used to form a fiberglass mold in a manner known in the art. The fiberglass mold may then be used to define one or more pods 50 from a suitable material (e.g., fiberglass, polyurethane, etc.) in a manner known in the art. Various features of the pod 50, including, but not limited to, the outer edges 57, 67 and the coupling features 58, 68 of each coupling wing 54, 64, may then be defined in a manner known in the art (e.g., with suitable cutting tools, drills, etc.). Outer surfaces of the pod 50, including the interior surfaces 60 and 70 that define the crack 80 of the pod 50, may be coated in a manner known in the art.
The bodies 53 and 63 of the two sides 52 and 62 of the pod 50 may collectively define a body 51 of the pod 50. As depicted by
Turning now to
As shown in
Additionally, the coupling decks 32′ of such a frame 20′ may be wider—for example, about 3 inches (about 7.6 cm) as opposed to about 2¼ inches (about 5.7 cm). With added reference to
Despite the increased widths of the receptacle 30′ and the coupling decks 32′ (e.g., a total increase of about 3 inches (about 7.6 cm), etc.), the frame 20′ may have the same width as the embodiment of frame 20 described in reference to
Each coupling deck 32′ may include at least two columns of coupling features 34′ and 35′, as shown in
A pod 50′ whose width can be adjusted may include sides 52′ and 62′ that are separate from one another. In addition, the coupling wings 54′ and 64′ of a width-adjustable pod 50′ may include a plurality of columns of coupling features 58a′, 58b′, 58c′ and 68a′, 68b′, 68c′ positioned at increasing distances away from the outer edges 57′ and 67′ of the coupling wings 54′ and 64′.
In
The outer surfaces 56, 66 of the coupling wings 54, 64 of the embodiment of pod 50 depicted by
As indicated previously herein, and as shown in
As yet another example of a structure that can directly receive modular pods of this disclosure,
Turning now to
The data obtained with the camera may then be processed in a manner known in the art. The data may be used to provide a file that can be used to control operation of automated manufacturing equipment of a type known in the art (e.g., a CNC machine, etc.). The automated manufacturing equipment can be used, for example, to fabricate a form, or a plug, from a blank (e.g., from a block of foam, etc.), from which a mold (e.g., a fiberglass mold, etc.) may be made. The mold may then be used to form one or more pods 50 (
In use, the pods 50, 50′, 50″ may be oriented on a climbing surface in a manner that simulates the orientation of the natural crack C in the face F of the natural rock formation, enabling individuals I to try their skill at climbing a replica of the natural crack C in a controlled, safe environment.
Although the foregoing description sets forth many specifics, these should not be construed as limiting the scope of any of the claims, but merely as providing illustrations of some embodiments and variations of elements or features of the disclosed subject matter. Other embodiments of the disclosed subject matter may be devised which do not depart from the spirit or scope of any of the claims. Features from different embodiments may be employed in combination. Accordingly, the scope of each claim is limited only by its plain language and the legal equivalents thereto.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5092587 | Ulner | Mar 1992 | A |
| 5543185 | Christensen | Aug 1996 | A |
| 6514178 | Vettori | Feb 2003 | B2 |
| 9573011 | Nasta | Feb 2017 | B1 |
| 10058757 | McGowan | Aug 2018 | B2 |
| 10646751 | Bennett | May 2020 | B2 |
| 20020046903 | Strickler | Apr 2002 | A1 |
| 20050164834 | Paulete | Jul 2005 | A1 |
| 20060116244 | Postma et al. | Jun 2006 | A1 |
| 20060192066 | Mills | Aug 2006 | A1 |
| 20130240698 | Diwan | Sep 2013 | A1 |
| 20150056590 | Brost | Feb 2015 | A1 |
| 20170296877 | Bennett | Oct 2017 | A1 |
| 20190032335 | Sudeith | Jan 2019 | A1 |
| 20200094102 | McRann | Mar 2020 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 2570951 | Apr 1986 | FR |
| 2343124 | May 2000 | GB |
| 2010132865 | Nov 2010 | WO |
| Entry |
|---|
| Crack Climbing Tips: Finger Jams With Tom Randall | Climbing Daily Ep.1105 “https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ESZjWZPx2Kk” Feb. 8, 2018 (Year: 2018). |
| From Fingers To Fists “https://www.climbingbusinessjournal.com/from-fingers-to-fists/” Dec. 3, 2015 (Year: 2015). |
| European Patent Office, “Extended European Search Report,” European application No. EP19173903.6, dated Nov. 12, 2019. |
| USPTO as International Searching Authority, “International Search Report and Written Opinion,” International Application No. PCT/US2020/032387, dated Jul. 9, 2020. |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20200353339 A1 | Nov 2020 | US |
