Patent Application
20210301530
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None.
The invention relates to cold-formed, modular, metallic structural components, with reinforcement integration and concrete confinement utility, adaptable for Steel Space Frame and Steel-Concrete Composite Frame structures.
The background art described here is about integrated, modular structural components, in particular about modular structural components that utilize cold-formed Steel structural members, for use in the steel-concrete composite structural systems without limiting the invention's scope.
The global environment's emerging changes affect the building industry and, more severely, the disaster-affected areas, resulting in many damaged or destroyed homes and businesses by hurricanes, earthquakes, floods, and fires.
The most common building constructions in single and moderate multistory buildings are Load-Bearing and some combination of Load-Bearing, Steel Frame Structures, and Steel-Concrete Composite systems.
Wood Light-Frame Construction: Wood frame structures are generally categorized as Light-Frame. These systems, mainly using 2× dimensioned lumber for wall studs, floor joists, and roof rafters, account for the vast majority of small low-rise buildings in the United States. Many of the common elements of light wood frames are part of the lateral resistive system. They are serving as diaphragm chords, collectors, and edge transfer members. Wall studs, posts, sills, plates, and roof and floor framing members that occur routinely in the structure can often be utilized for their functions and used mainly in residential single-family and low-rise building applications.
Cold-Form Steel Light-Frame Construction: These systems are also Light-Frame construction, where Cold Form Steel studs are usually placed every 24 inches on center. This framing system builds using Cold-Form Steel by Wood Light-Frame construction rules. The typical profiles used in residential construction are the C-shape stud and the U-shaped track, and various shapes. Framing member's thicknesses are generally 12 to 25 gauge. Medium-heavy gauges, such as 16 and 18 gauge, are commonly used when there are no axial loads but heavy lateral loads (perpendicular to the member) such as exterior wall studs that need to resist hurricane-force wind loads along coasts. Light gauges, such as 25 gauge, are commonly used where there are no axial loads and very light lateral loads, such as in interior construction, where the members serve as framing for demising walls between rooms. The spacing between studs is typically 16-24 inches on center for home exterior and interior walls and office partitions, depending on designed loading requirements.
The steel frame materials are delivered to the Jobsite in stock lengths or, in some cases, cut to size. The layout and assembly are the same as for lumber. Except components are screwed or welded together rather than nailed, their application is mainly limited to residential single-family and low-rise building applications.
The conventional, stick-framing system generally involves preparing the structural members on-site before assembly. Such preparation may involve complex joint shapes to cut into the timber before joining using machine tools requiring a skilled operator's expertise. The frame assembly generally involves engineering skills such as plan reading to follow the architect's intended plan. The skilled labor required increases building costs as the degree of skill is needed.
Factory Panelized Light-Frame Construction: Cold-Formed Steel or Wood members are pre-assembled as components of the building, including interior and exterior walls and roof trusses. The measuring, cutting, and assembly are done in the manufacturer's facility. This method of construction is most efficient where there is a repetition of panel types and dimensions. Truss manufacturing companies usually supply trusses. Some of the custom manufacturing systems have their own unique framing member design and layout program. The transportation and delivery to the construction site, which is generally limited to short-distance transport, require considerable professional skill in the use of heavy equipment in loading and offloading and the building assembly of the pre-assembled framing components.
Although Factory Panelized Light-Frame Construction helped somewhat, they are on an application-by-application basis. Many of them suffer from one or more shortcomings to address the ongoing building structural problems, especially those related to the forces of hurricanes, earthquakes, and floods in the disaster-affected areas.
The Factory Panelized Light-Frame Constructions generally use various engineering, design, and manufacturing processes to produce a complete building structural framing product. Commonly, additional engineering design is performed to withstand the conditions where the higher frequency of winds, seismic loads, and floods are present. They are more costly, and the application and the delivery of these systems are usually limited to short-distance transportation.
Steel Frame Structures: Ordinary Steel Frame structures provide toughness and a high energy absorption level in failure's plastic behavior mode. Steel frame with moment-resistive connections was used for early skyscrapers. Fasteners consisted of rivets, which were widely used until the development of high-strength bolts. Today Steel Frame structures mainly utilize welded joints. The frame's principal members are wide-flange hot rolled steel sections, and the moment connections are weld joints. This system is the most common form of Steel Frame for building construction. Steel Frames in low-rise buildings are often braced by walls, with the steel structure serving only as the horizontal spanning structure and vertical gravity load resisting system. Walls may consist of various shear-resisting surfacing.
These building system design and fabrication have primarily been on an application-by-application basis, and the delivery of these systems is usually limited to short-distance transportation. The transportation, delivery, and assembly of some of these framing systems to a construction site require considerable professional skill in the use of heavy equipment.
Steel-Concrete Composite Systems: The state of the “composite” systems in the construction industry, as it stands, seems slow with little or no planning to change. To some extent, the slow change is due to several seemingly construction management disadvantages in using these systems, which have prevented their widespread use in the United States or around the world.
The Steel-Concrete composite systems can provide highly economical structural systems, construction material costs competitive with other building systems. However, the construction project management requires careful coordination of the two competing trades that perform their portion of the Project: 1) structural steelworks and 2) reinforced concrete construction. This construction project management generally requires that the structural steel contractor and the concrete contractor be engaged on the site at the same time to construct a complete steel-concrete composite structure. Most contractors and subcontractors generally are specialized in one major trade, such as structural steelwork or reinforced concrete construction. Such a construction project's successful arrangement requires the general contractor to coordinate these multiple subcontract efforts carefully.
Most steel-concrete composite structures are ordinarily quite extensively reinforced to compensate for the tension-weak concrete material. Significant cracking is normal in concrete structures. Much of it is due to shrinkage, temperature expansion, contraction, settlement, or deflections of supports, normal development of internal tension forces. Additional cracks are created at the cold-joints between successive, separate pours. Under the back-and-forth action of an earthquake, these cracks are magnified, and a grinding action may occur as stress reverse, which can be a significant source of energy absorption.
The application of traditional reinforced steel-concrete construction has some advantages in most small and moderate multistory building constructions. One crucial aspect of conventional reinforced concrete construction is the operations associated with the use and installation of the steel rebar reinforcement and re-usable form systems, which are a source of the additional cost to the construction project. However, reinforced concrete's inherent benefit can be utilized more efficiently in a modular composite structural system in single and moderate multistory building construction.
A known U.S. Pat. No. 0,160,515 A1, entitled “SYSTEM FOR MODULAR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION” issued Jun. 9, 2016 to Wallance, described, Construction systems for erecting budding structures comprise a plurality of prefabricated interconnectable modular budding units, each unit comprising framing members and a plurality of nodes, each node situated for selective interconnection with other units, the nodes and the exterior dimensions of the frame conforming to ISO shipping standards such that each unit is transportable using the ISO intermodal transportation system, and such that when the units are interconnected, a building structure is formed. The modular units are assembled at a remote location, and are there constructed to a semi-finished state, following which the semi-finished modular units are transported from the remote location to the job site, where they are secured to form the structure being erected, and the semi-finished modular units are thereafter constructed to a finished state.
A known U.S. Pat. No. 0,337,527 A1, entitled “SYSTEM FOR MODULAR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION” issued Nov. 26, 2015 to Wallance, described Continuation systems for erecting building Structure comprise a plurality of prefabricated interconnectable modular building units, each unit comprising framing members and a plurality of nodes, each node situated for selective interconnection with other units, the nodes and the exterior dimensions of the frame conforming to ISO shipping standards such that each unit is transportable using the ISO intermodal transportation system, and such that when the units are interconnected, a building structure is formed. The modular units are assembled at a remote location, and are there constructed to semi-finished state, following which the semi-finished modular units are transported from the remote location to the job site, where they are secured to form the structure being erected, and the semi-finished modular units are thereafter constructed to a finished State.
A known U.S. Pat. No. 3,514,910, entitled “Modular Building Construction” issued Jun. 2, 1970 to Daniel Comm, Highland Park, Ill., described, A building constructed from a number of prefabricated modules. Each of the modules has solid spacing ribs on its outer surface, which ribs cooperate with similar ribs on adjacent modules to define a series of spaces between adjacent modules. The modules are stacked and arranged according to a predetermined building plan, and selected Spaces defined by adjacent sets of cooperating spacing ribs are filled with poured concrete to form support columns for the building.
A known U.S. Pat. No. 4,720,957, entitled “STRUCTURAL COMPONENT”, issued Nov. 26, 1988, to Madray, described, a component for erecting buildings and the like comprises a channel member preferably having a substantially squared-off C-shaped cross section with web portion, two flange portions on the web portion and two inwardly directed lips on the flange portions. A repeating pattern of longitudinally spaced large diameter apertures is provided in the web portion. A longitudinally repeating pattern of small diameter apertures is also provided in the web portion. A longitudinally repeating pattern of apertures is provided in each flange portion including a pentad with an aperture at four corners, defining an imaginary square and an aperture at the center of the square. A plurality of apertures is also provided in the inwardly directed lips. The building component is widely adaptable to a variety of different uses in building construction systems and for innumerable building designs.
A known U.S. Pat. No. 7,240,463, entitled “STRUCTURAL MEMBER FOR USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS”, issued Jul. 10, 2007, to Masterson, et al. described, a metal building includes a joist system having upper and lower longitudinally extending chords, the upper and lower chords being substantially parallel, and a plurality of web members interposed between the parallel chords. Each of the chords includes an upper chord segment, opposed parallel side walls, inwardly extending lower chord segments, the lower chord segments being parallel to the upper chord segment, and a pair of flanges extending downwardly from the innermost edges of lower chord segments, the flanges defining a longitudinally extending continuous web receiving aperture traversing the length of the chord, the upper chord segment, lower chord segment, parallel side walls and flanges, the web receiving apertures of the upper and lower chords being positioned in opposed relationship. A plurality of web members are provided, each of the web members including an upper web segment, the width of the upper web segment being equal to the width of the web receiving aperture, opposed parallel side walls extending perpendicularly from the upper web segment, and inwardly extending lower web segments, the inwardly extending lower web segments defining a longitudinally extending slot, each of the web members having first and second ends received in the web receiving aperture. A saddle is provided for positioning the joists, each saddle having an upper saddle member, opposed parallel side members and outwardly extending bearing plates, the outwardly extending bearing plates being parallel to the upper saddle member, the upper chord of the joist receiving the saddle in the member receiving aperture at opposed ends of the joist to support the joist.
A known U.S. Pat. No. 7,735,293 B2, entitled “METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING AMODULAR LOAD-BEARING STRUCTURAL COLUMN” issued Jun. 15, 2010, Kinzer described, a practical method of manufacturing, assembling, and constructing a single silo or building or a cluster of polygonal storage silos using a column comprising horizontally-arrayed structural column panels. A structure built with these columns can be constructed using a cost-effective and relatively safe method of lifting. In addition, three or more of these structural columns can be connected together with wall panels or beams to fashion a polygonal compartment or multiple polygonal compartments, to serve as structural support for heavy loads, as a process tower for supporting equipment, a multistory building for human occupancy (such as an apartment complex), or as bulk storage silo(s). The column can join standard and customized beams and wall panels. Columns can be attached to wall panels of round structures, to serve as stiffeners, or to the sides of polygonal structures, to serve as side-wall supports.
A known U.S. Pat. No. 8,176,696 B2, entitled “BUILDING CONSTRUCTION FOR FORMING COLUMNS AND BEAMS WITH WALL MOLD” issued May 15, 2012 LeBlang described, an invention that relates to an improved wall system where a wall form mold has a structural insulated core assembled to form a structural insulated panel (SIP) to form a concrete beam and concrete column to be poured anywhere within the wall as well as between building modules when placed together and erected vertically. The interlocking wall molds interlock within the wall as well as between panels and modules. The wall panels allow concrete columns and beams to be formed in any size and shape. The structural insulated core consists of interlocking foam spacers and support channels which can be glued or screwed together to form an independent wall or as part of a precast wall with columns and beams integrated within the wall panels. Insulated flanges within the wall forming mold separates the wall forming structure from the wall surfaces.”
A known U.S. Pat. No. 8,887,472, entitled “PANELIZED STRUCTURAL SYSTEM FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION”, issued Nov. 18, 2014, to Vanker, et al. described, a method of constructing a building includes fastening a first structural truss panel to a first structural column. A second structural column is fastened vertically to the first structural column. A second structural truss panel is fastened to the second structural column so that the second structural truss panel is vertically above the first structural truss panel, so that a clearance is defined between the first and second structural truss panels, and so that loads on the structural truss panels are transferred from the first and second structural truss panels to the first and second structural columns and then vertically between the first and second columns. Other construction methods, structural panels, and building sections are also disclosed.
A known U.S. Pat. No. 8,950,132 B2, entitled “PREMANUFACTURED STRUCTURES FOR CONSTRUCTING BUILDINGS” issued Feb. 10, 2015 to Collins et al. described, The present premanufactured structures for constructing buildings comprises a construction system for an energy efficient multistory building with a plurality of standard single or mixed units. The multistory building is constructed using premanufactured structures comprising: a plurality of non weight bearing walls, the plurality of non-weight bearing walls with finished exterior including all electrical, insulating, plumbing and communications components that are pre manufactured at a site distant from a building site, and the plurality of non-weight bearings walls are attached to a plurality of floor and ceiling slabs and interfacing with each other to enclose the plurality of units of the building; a plurality of interior components that are premanufactured at the site distant from the building site to connect to inside portions of the non-weight bearing walls; and a plurality of exterior components that are premanufactured at the site distant from the building site to attach to exterior surfaces of the building. The plurality of non-weight bearing walls, the plurality of interior components, and the plurality of exterior components are installed and connected together to provide the energy efficient multistory building with the plurality of units with different floorplans, and optionally, a retail level with under ground parking.
A known U.S. Pat. No. 9,424,375 B2, entitled “METHOD AND SYSTEM OF USING STANDARDIZED STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS” issued Aug. 23, 2016 to Vanker et al. described, a method and system disclosed herein provides generating an architectural diagram describing an architectural layout of a building, wherein one or more walls of the building are designated as standardized structural walls, automatically positioning each of the standardized structural walls to a geometric grid, and mapping (or “placing”), using a computer, one or more of a plurality of standardized structural components, including standardized panels, standardized columns, and standardized trusses to coordinates of the geometric grid.
A known WO Pat. No. 2009/092340A1 entitled “VERTICAL FRAME INTENDED FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF A FRAME STANCHION” issued Jul. 7, 2009 to KRELLER, Helmut. Described, The invention relates to a closed vertical frame intended for the construction of a frame stanchion, preferably a supporting frame, particularly of a supporting frame tower, said vertical frame comprising at least two vertical Supports, which are disposed at a horizontal distance from each other, and comprising at least two horizontal arms, which are disposed at a vertical distance from each other and each extend between the at least two vertical supports transversely to said vertical Supports. A first horizontal arm of said horizontal arms is welded on both ends to one of the vertical Supports each in the region of the upper ends thereof, and a second horizontal arm of said horizontal arms is welded on both ends likewise to said two vertical supports in the region of the lower ends thereof. The vertical frame is reinforced with at least one diagonal rod, which extends between two of the vertical Supports and two of the horizontal arms and is welded onto two of the vertical Supports. In the region of the respective upper end and/or in the region of the respective lower end of at least two of the vertical Supports, a perforated disk (45) provided with a plurality of openings is attached by welding in order to connect holding devices, for example scaffold bars and/or scaffold diagonals, particularly of a module scaffold. The perforated disks (45) are disposed concentrically to the respective vertical support and Surround the vertical support in a flange-like manner. The first horizontal arm and/or the second horizontal arm comprise a connecting head (50), which is welded onto the vertical support and to the perforated disk (45).
The various embodiments disclosed herein are deficient in addressing the resilient building construction systems which can withstand the forces of hurricanes, earthquakes, and floods that recover quickly following such a disaster. It would be desirable that a modular structurally reinforced component be versatile in its utility for different applications within the single and moderate multistory building construction. Such a component possesses sufficient strength that withstands high winds and seismic loads and resistance to damage from high wind and flood conditions. It would also be desirable to provide a modular structurally reinforced component that could be used in various construction systems without preparation that may involve complex joining using machine tools requiring a skilled operator's expertise. Such a component would preferably be easy to transport in a protected state to any place in the United States and around the globe. The component would also preferably be assembled using a regular framing crew with minimal or no heavy equipment. It is also desirable that the component would be connectable and interconnectable in many different ways with a minimum amount of skilled labor. It would be desirable if the component could be utilized by merely positioning the component of proper size and length in place and securing by suitable fastening means. It would also be desirable if such a component could be manufactured in a protected condition with a precision generally not possible with conventional on-the-job-site techniques, which can be mass-produced and affordable to the public.
Many homes are damaged or destroyed by hurricanes, earthquakes, floods, and fires. With the current increased frequency of natural disasters and the population increase, there remains an urgent need for a practical solution to the ongoing housing problem to address the impacts of natural disasters on the community and affordable housing in the United States and worldwide.
All patents, patent applications, and other publications cited in this patent application are hereby individually incorporated by reference in their entirety as part of this disclosure, regardless of whether any specific citation is expressly indicated as incorporated by reference or not.
The various embodiment and examples of the present invention presented herein are understood to illustrate the present invention and not restrictive thereof. They are non-limiting concerning the invention's scope.
The present invention provides a differentiable new approach in building frame structures to protect from the environment's emerging changes. The present invention is based on modular structural components with integrated steel reinforcement and concrete confinement form adaptable to a broad range of construction applications, including Steel Space Frames, Steel-Concrete Composite structures used in single and moderate multistory building construction.
Buildings with resilient designs and materials are becoming increasingly common. Disaster resilient buildings can withstand the forces of hurricanes, earthquakes, and floods and allow quick recovery following such a disaster. A resilient, well-designed building using modern engineering standards provides the baseline level of safety for a community to withstand natural hazards is essential for economic survival after a disaster.
The principal advantage of steel frame structures and steel-concrete composite structures is that both provide substantial advantages in outperforming other engineered structural systems against fire, flood, high-wind, and seismic conditions. Steel-concrete composite systems combine the benefits of steel characteristics (lightweight, high tensile, flexural strength, and high ductility) with the best concrete attributes (fire resistance and ability to withstand large compressive loads). These benefits are present in their performance characteristics and their economic when subjected to service or ultimate loads in construction applications. Composite structures can provide economic structural systems with high durability and superior seismic performance characteristics.
The present inventive subject matter provides Classes of modular structural components; that are extendable in height and expandable by nesting into one another. These features have additional structural performance and cost-saving effects in multistory building projects where the building can ascend more quickly. The structural steelwork can precede by one or more steel framing stories, improving construction time efficiency and competitiveness.
The invention's modular components present fewer logistical challenges than conventional construction by assembling without the need for any complex jointing operations at the job site. It is also advantageous that a minimum amount of skilled labor or heavy equipment is required to use such structural components in various structural building applications. The modular structural components can easily be transported to any place within the United States in a protected state, using standard transportation means, without additional safety or transportation costs.
The modular structural components offer a viable alternative to conventional wood Light-Frame and Cold-Formed Steel Light-Frame with substantial advantages affecting housing affordability, especially in the disaster-affected areas throughout the United States and around the world. These and other advantages of modular construction may be especially pronounced in the construction of multistory buildings.
One embodiment of the present inventive subject matter is Class-AA structural components, generally polygon-shaped Modular Structural Beam and Column components used in Steel-Concrete Composite Structures and Hybrid Space Frame applications.
Another embodiment of the present inventive subject matter is Class-AR structural components, generally rectangular-shaped Modular Structural Beam and Column components used in Steel-Concrete Composite Structures and Hybrid Space Frame applications.
Another embodiment of the present inventive subject matter is Class-OO structural components, generally polygon-shaped Modular Structural Beam and Column components used in Steel-Concrete Composite Structures and Hybrid Space Frame applications.
Another embodiment of the present inventive subject matter is Class-OR structural components, generally rectangular-shaped Modular Structural Beam and Column components used in Steel-Concrete Composite Structures and Hybrid Space Frame applications.
Another embodiment of the present inventive subject matter is Class-RR compound structural components; generally, I-Beam-shaped Modular Structural Beam and Column components, used in Steel Frame and Hybrid Space Frame applications.
Another embodiment of the present inventive subject matter is Nested Class OO-AA structural components, generally polygon-shaped Modular Structural Column components for use in Steel-Concrete Composite Structures and Hybrid Space Frame building applications requiring higher structural capacity.
Another embodiment of the present inventive subject matter is Nested Class-AA-OO structural components, generally polygon-shaped Modular Structural Column components for use in Steel-Concrete Composite Structures and Hybrid Space Frame applications requiring higher structural capacity.
Another aspect of the present inventive subject matter is to provide a solution for protecting the property and lives against high-wind, earthquake, and high flood conditions of natural disasters.
Another aspect of the present inventive subject matter is to provide flood-safe modular structure components that can safeguard the building against rushing floodwater and eliminate the need for significant reconstruction after each natural disaster.
Another aspect of the present inventive subject matter is that modular structural component to be manufactured from materials with specific properties and applications that are a viable alternative to hot-rolled structural steel in building construction applications.
A further aspect of the present inventive subject matter is to provide; modular structural components that are easy to transport on trailers, or inside shipping containers, to the long-distance job site and can be assembled with minimum use of heavy equipment.
A particular aspect of the present inventive subject matter is to provide; modular structural components that can be connected and interconnected to produce more robust modular structural components, which are relatively inexpensive and affordable by the masses.
A yet another aspect of the present inventive subject matter is to provide; a new scalable and transformative modular structural component that is resilient against high wind, earthquake, and high-flood conditions. A Hybrid structural framing approach to address the current and emerging building structural framing need; building a more resilient building construction that is more manageable, faster to install, and more efficient and affordable.
A yet particular aspect of the present inventive subject matter is to provide modular structural components, using materials with specific properties superior to those of wood, which dramatically reduces the environment's negative impact.
A yet particular aspect of the present inventive subject matter is to provide: modular structural components that can be made from various materials that resist deterioration.
A yet further aspect of the present inventive subject matter is structural components that can be formed with high precision and substantially continuous production without a slight deviation in the dimensions and patterns from one member to another.
Using modular building components in building construction has many advantages over the conventional use of building components. The components can be prefabricated to desired sizes of structurally reinforcement elements applied, including their exact placement in the modular components.
Advantageously the present invention optionally can provide attachment features to facilitate the attachment of a variety of glass fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC) composite exterior wall panels to the steel-concrete composite frame structural systems.
This invention may also be said broadly to consist of the parts, elements, and features referred to or indicated in the application's specification, individually or collectively. Any combinations of two or more of said parts, elements, or features, and where specific integers are mentioned herein that have known equivalents in the art to which this invention relates, such known equivalents are deemed incorporated herein as if individually set forth.
The various novelty features that characterize the invention are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming a part of this disclosure. To better understand the invention, its operating advantages, and specific objects attained by its use, reference should be made to the drawing and descriptive matter; there are illustrated and described preferred embodiments of the invention.
The appended drawings contain figures of preferred embodiments to clarify further the above and other aspects, advantages, and features of the present invention. It will be appreciated that these drawings depict only preferred embodiments of the invention and are not intended to limit its scope. The invention will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail using the accompanying drawings.
Class-XX structural component: Herein, as an example the term “Class-XX structural component” are used interchangeably and refers to Classes of structural components associated with structural members with specific Acute, Right, and Obtuse mirror-image leg-base structural bend angles.
Class-AA structural component: Sectional structural components assembled by four or more similar elongated structural members having mirror-image leg-base structural bends (Acute angles ranging form 45-degrees to 89.5-degrees inclusive).
Class-AR structural component: sectional structural components assembled by four or more similar elongated structural members having 45-degrees, and a Right angle 90-degrees leg-base structural bends angles.
Class-OO structural component: Sectional structural components assembled by four or more similar elongated structural members having mirror-image leg-base structural bends (Obtuse angles ranging form 90.5-degrees to 135-degrees inclusive).
Class-OR structural component: sectional structural components assembled by four or more similar elongated structural members having 135-degrees, and a Right angle 90-degrees leg-base structural bends angles.
Class-RR structural component: I-Beam shaped structural components assembled by a plurality of similar elongated structural members having both leg-base structural bends at the Right-angle.
Compound Class-AR-RR structural component: rectangular structural components assembled by a combination of Class-AR and Class-RR structural members.
Compound Class-OR-RR structural component: rectangular structural components assembled by a combination of Class-OR and Class-RR structural members.
Nested Class-AA-OO structural component: Class-OO structural component nested in Class-AA structural component.
Nested Class OO-AA structural component: Class-AA structural component nested in Class-OO structural component.
Larger Opening: As used herein, the term “Larger Opening” is to accoedate the interior fastening of the structural components, and ease of material movement from one side to the next.
Elongated structural member: As used herein, the term “Elongated structural member” is those whose Length to Width ratio is at least 3 to 1.
Steel-concrete composite systems: As used herein, the term “steel-concrete composite systems” refers to a structural system composed primarily of metallic reinforcement and concrete in their construction.
Lateral Tie: As used herein, the term “Lateral Tie” refers to a steel tie used in reinforced concrete Beam and Column construction.
Cold form—As used herein, the term “Cold form” forms sheet steel to shape using a roll-forming operation.
Metal building: As used herein, the term “metal building” refers to a structure having a frame composed primarily of metallic structural members,
Predefined Length: The predefined length(s) may be defined narrowly or broadly, and maybe one or more length(s) measurement associated with length(s) of the structural members.
Modular structural component: The term “modular structural component” is used in a practical sense, indicating an assembly of a plurality of similar shape and size structural members to perform a specific function.
Extendable structural component: The term “extendable structural component” is used in a practical sense indicating a plurality of pairs of generally elongated similar shape and size, structural member assembled to construct a structural assembly that is extendable in the vertical direction.
Expandable structural component: The term “expandable structural component” is used in a practical sense indicating two or more similar sectional structural components nested within one another, or positioned next to each other to expand in the plan direction.
Sectional structural component: The term “sectional structural component” is used in a practical sense indicating a plurality of generally elongated similar shape and size, cold form steel structural members assembled to construct modular sectional, rectangular, and polygon-shaped components.
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Disaster resilience has become a vital component in building construction, especially in disaster-affected areas prone to certain types of disasters. Disaster resilient buildings can withstand the forces of hurricanes, earthquakes, and floods and recover quickly following such a disaster. Buildings with resilient structural components are becoming increasingly common in building design and construction.
The costs associated with reconstruction housing post-natural disasters have many economic implications. Equitable and resilient housing development and mitigation strategies have the most significant impact on combating the housing crisis in the face of extreme weather. In the past decade, within the United States, seismic engineering research using steel-concrete composite systems has increased dramatically.
The Steel-Concrete composite structures are widely used in building construction in earthquake-prone areas. The principal advantage of steel-concrete composite systems is that it combines the steel element's best characteristics (lightweight, high tensile and flexural strength, and high ductility) with the concrete element's best attributes (fire resistance and ability to withstand large compressive loads). These system's benefits are present in their performance characteristics when subjected to service or ultimate loads and their economy regarding material and construction. When properly configured, composite structures can provide extremely economical structural systems with high durability and superior seismic performance characteristics.
The state of the “steel-concrete composite” systems in the construction industry, as it stands, seems slow with little or no planning to change. To some extent, the slow change is due to several seemingly construction management disadvantages in using these systems, which have prevented their widespread use in the United States or around the world.
Structures of reinforced concrete achieve moment connections through the monolithic concrete and the steel reinforcing continuity and anchorage of the steel reinforcing. Because concrete is brittle and not ductile, a ductile character is essentially produced by the ductility of the reinforcing. The type and amount of the reinforcing and details of its placing become critical to reinforced concrete's rigid frames' proper behavior.
A resilient, well-designed building using modern engineering standards provides the baseline level of safety for a community. The resilient, properly constructed structure that can withstand natural hazards is essential for economic survival after a disaster, as having the resources for rebuilding following an event.
The embodiments of the present invention utilize heavy-gauge Cold-Form Steel that is the transformative aspect of the solution that offers a novel and differentiable approach in high-volume advanced manufacturing combined with the Rigid Steel Frame engineering principle.
The integrated structural component's heavy-gauge Cold-Form Steel reinforcement and concrete confinement formwork, adding additional structural resiliency to the structure, increased longitudinal and lateral strength in supporting design loads, and higher capacity help prevent the concrete cracking in an earthquake that minimizes the congestion of reinforcement in the connection region. Simultaneously, it provides structural performance, eliminating the need for both steel rebar and the concrete formwork material, thus; lowering labor time and material costs in the building construction.
Referring now to the following drawings, wherein like embodiments are grouped, the like reference numerals designate corresponding or similar elements throughout the views set forth hereinafter.
Reference is now made to
The structural member 100A has; a planar base body 102 extending laterally between adjacent longitudinal edges 102a and 102b. Mirror-image planar legs 110a and 110b extending from the planar base's adjacent longitudinal edges 102a and 102b, terminating in mirror-image flange sections 120a and 120b, respectively.
The planar base 102, having patterns of predetermined diameter size apertures 104 at predetermined locations on the planar body portion of the base 102 centered between the longitudinal edges, and one or more predetermined diameter size opening(s) 106 at predetermined locations on the planar body portion of the base 102 centered between the planar base longitudinal edges 102a and 102b extending the length of the planar base.
The mirror-image planar legs 110a and 110b extend from adjacent longitudinal edges 102a and 102b of the planar base 102. Along the length of the planar base 102 forming mirror-image (Acute-Angle) 45-degrees-89.5-degrees, structural bends 112a and 112b with the planar base 102. The mirror image planar legs 110a and 110b have patterns of predetermined diameter size apertures 114a and 114b at predetermined locations on the legs' planar portion, extending the planar legs length. The mirror image planar legs 110a and 110b terminate in longitudinal edges 117a and 117b.
Mirror-image flange sections 120a and 120b extending from longitudinal edges 117a and 117b in an inward direction; the mirror-image flange sections 120a and 120b have a first planar portions 122a and 122b, respectively, and a second planar portions 124a and 124b, respectively: the first planar portions 122a and 122b, a flat planar extending from adjacent planar legs' longitudinal edges 117a and 117b, forming mirror-image structural bends 116a and 116b respectively, with the planar legs 110a and 110b; the second planar portions extending from the first planar flange longitudinal edges to form a spiral planar portions 124a, and 124b terminating in edges 125a and 125b respectively, facing an imaginary inner circular opening 126a and 126b respectively.
The horizontal plane axes of the structural member 100A are at 10, and the vertical plane axes are 12.
Reference is now made to
The structural member 100B has; a planar base body 102 extending laterally between adjacent longitudinal edges 102a and 102b. Mirror-image planar legs 110a and 110b extending from the planar base's adjacent longitudinal edges 102a and 102b, terminating in mirror-image flange sections 120a and 120b, respectively.
The planar base 102, having patterns of predetermined diameter size apertures 104 at predetermined locations on the planar body portion of the base 102 centered between the longitudinal edges, and one or more predetermined diameter size opening(s) 106 at predetermined locations on the planar body portion of the base 102 centered between the planar base longitudinal edges 102a and 102b extending the length of the planar base.
The mirror-image planar legs 110a and 110b extend from adjacent longitudinal edges 102a and 102b of the planar base 102. Along the length of the planar base 102 forming mirror-image (Acute-Angle) 45-degrees-89.5-degrees, structural bends 112a and 112b with the planar base 102. The mirror image planar legs 110a and 110b have patterns of predetermined diameter size apertures 114a and 114b at predetermined locations on the legs' planar portion, extending the planar legs length. The mirror image planar legs 110a and 110b terminate in longitudinal edges 117a and 117b.
Mirror-image flange sections 120a and 120b extending from longitudinal edges 117a and 117b in an inward direction; the mirror-image flange sections 120a and 120b have a first planar portions 122a and 122b, respectively, and a second planar portions 124a and 124b, respectively: the first planar portions 122a and 122b, a flat planar extending from adjacent planar legs' longitudinal edges 117a and 117b, forming mirror-image structural bends 116a and 116b respectively, with the planar legs 110a and 110b; the second planar portions extending from the first planar flange longitudinal edges to form a spiral planar portions 124a, and 124b terminating in edges 125a and 125b respectively, facing an imaginary inner circular opening 126a and 126b respectively.
The horizontal plane axes of the structural member 100B are at 10, and the vertical plane axes are 12.
Reference is now made to
The structural member 100C has; a planar base body 102 extending laterally between adjacent longitudinal edges 102a and 102b. Mirror-image planar legs 110a and 110b extending from the planar base's adjacent longitudinal edges 102a and 102b, terminating in mirror-image flange sections 120a and 120b, respectively.
The planar base 102, having patterns of predetermined diameter size apertures 104 at predetermined locations on the planar body portion of the base 102 centered between the longitudinal edges, and one or more predetermined diameter size opening(s) 106 at predetermined locations on the planar body portion of the base 102 centered between the planar base longitudinal edges 102a and 102b extending the length of the planar base.
The mirror-image planar legs 110a and 110b extend from adjacent longitudinal edges 102a and 102b of the planar base 102. Along the length of the planar base 102 forming mirror-image (Acute-Angle) 45-degrees-89.5-degrees, structural bends 112a and 112b with the planar base 102. The mirror image planar legs 110a and 110b have patterns of predetermined diameter size apertures 114a and 114b at predetermined locations on the legs' planar portion, extending the planar legs length. The mirror image planar legs 110a and 110b terminate in longitudinal edges 117a and 117b.
Mirror-image flange sections 120a and 120b extending from longitudinal edges 117a and 117b in an inward direction; the mirror-image flange sections 120a and 120b have a first planar portions 122a and 122b, respectively, and a second planar portions 124a and 124b, respectively: the first planar portions 122a and 122b, a flat planar extending from adjacent planar legs' longitudinal edges 117a and 117b, forming mirror-image structural bends 116a and 116b respectively, with the planar legs 110a and 110b; the second planar portions extending from the first planar flange longitudinal edges to form a spiral planar portions 124a, and 124b terminating in edges 125a and 125b respectively, facing an imaginary inner circular opening 126a and 126b respectively.
The horizontal plane axes of the structural member 100C are at 10, and the vertical plane axes are 12.
Reference is now made to
The structural member 200A has; a planar base body 202 extending laterally between adjacent longitudinal edges 202a and 202b. A pair of mirror-image planar legs 210a and 210b extending from the planar base's adjacent longitudinal edges 202a and 202b, terminating in mirror-image flange sections 220a and 220b, respectively.
The planar base 202, having patterns of predetermined diameter size apertures 204 at predetermined locations on the planar body portion of the base 202 centered between the longitudinal edges, and one or more predetermined diameter size opening(s) 206 at predetermined locations on the planar body portion of the base 202 centered between the planar base longitudinal edges 202a and 202b extending the length of the planar base.
The mirror-image planar legs 210a and 210b extend from adjacent longitudinal edges 202a and 202b of the planar base 202. Along the length of the planar base 202 forming mirror-image (Obtuse-Angle) 90.5-degrees-135-degrees, structural bends 212a and 212b with the planar base 202. The mirror image planar legs 210a and 210b have patterns of predetermined diameter size apertures 214a and 214b at predetermined locations on the legs' planar portion, extending the planar legs length. The mirror image planar legs 210a and 210b terminate in longitudinal edges 217a and 217b.
Mirror-image flange sections 220a and 220b extending from longitudinal edges 217a and 217b in an inward direction; the mirror-image flange sections 220a and 220b have a first planar portions 222a and 222b, respectively, and a second planar portions 224a and 224b, respectively: the first planar portions 222a and 222b, a flat planar extending from adjacent planar legs' longitudinal edges 217a and 217b, forming mirror-image structural bends 216a and 216b respectively, with the planar legs 210a and 210b; the second planar portions extending from the first planar flange longitudinal edges to form a spiral planar portions 224a, and 224b terminating in edges 225a and 225b respectively, facing an imaginary inner circular opening 226a and 226b respectively.
The horizontal plane axes of the structural member 200A are at 10, and the vertical plane axes are 12.
Reference is now made to
The structural member 200B has; a planar base body 202 extending laterally between adjacent longitudinal edges 202a and 202b. A pair of mirror-image planar legs 210a and 210b extending from the planar base's adjacent longitudinal edges 202a and 202b, terminating in mirror-image flange sections 220a and 220b, respectively.
The planar base 202, having patterns of predetermined diameter size apertures 204 at predetermined locations on the planar body portion of the base 202 centered between the longitudinal edges, and one or more predetermined diameter size opening(s) 206 at predetermined locations on the planar body portion of the base 202 centered between the planar base longitudinal edges 202a and 202b extending the length of the planar base.
The mirror-image planar legs 210a and 210b extend from adjacent longitudinal edges 202a and 202b of the planar base 202. Along the length of the planar base 202 forming mirror-image (Obtuse-Angle) 90.5-degrees-135-degrees, structural bends 212a and 212b with the planar base 202. The mirror image planar legs 210a and 210b have patterns of predetermined diameter size apertures 214a and 214b at predetermined locations on the legs' planar portion, extending the planar legs length. The mirror image planar legs 210a and 210b terminate in longitudinal edges 217a and 217b.
Mirror-image flange sections 220a and 220b extending from longitudinal edges 217a and 217b in an inward direction; the mirror-image flange sections 220a and 220b have a first planar portions 222a and 222b, respectively, and a second planar portions 224a and 224b, respectively: the first planar portions 222a and 222b, a flat planar extending from adjacent planar legs' longitudinal edges 217a and 217b, forming mirror-image structural bends 216a and 216b respectively, with the planar legs 210a and 210b; the second planar portions extending from the first planar flange longitudinal edges to form a spiral planar portions 224a, and 224b terminating in edges 225a and 225b respectively, facing an imaginary inner circular opening 226a and 226b respectively.
The horizontal plane axes of the structural member 200B are at 10, and the vertical plane axes are 12.
Reference is now made to
The structural member 200C has; a planar base body 202 extending laterally between adjacent longitudinal edges 202a and 202b. A pair of mirror-image planar legs 210a and 210b extending from the planar base's adjacent longitudinal edges 202a and 202b, terminating in mirror-image flange sections 220a and 220b, respectively.
The planar base 202, having patterns of predetermined diameter size apertures 204 at predetermined locations on the planar body portion of the base 202 centered between the longitudinal edges, and one or more predetermined diameter size opening(s) 206 at predetermined locations on the planar body portion of the base 202 centered between the planar base longitudinal edges 202a and 202b extending the length of the planar base.
The mirror-image planar legs 210a and 210b extend from adjacent longitudinal edges 202a and 202b of the planar base 202. Along the length of the planar base 202 forming mirror-image (Obtuse-Angle) 90.5-degrees-135-degrees, structural bends 212a and 212b with the planar base 202. The mirror image planar legs 210a and 210b have patterns of predetermined diameter size apertures 214a and 214b at predetermined locations on the legs' planar portion, extending the planar legs length. The mirror image planar legs 210a and 210b terminate in longitudinal edges 217a and 217b.
Mirror-image flange sections 220a and 220b extending from longitudinal edges 217a and 217b in an inward direction; the mirror-image flange sections 220a and 220b have a first planar portions 222a and 222b, respectively, and a second planar portions 224a and 224b, respectively: the first planar portions 222a and 222b, a flat planar extending from adjacent planar legs' longitudinal edges 217a and 217b, forming mirror-image structural bends 216a and 216b respectively, with the planar legs 210a and 210b; the second planar portions extending from the first planar flange longitudinal edges to form a spiral planar portions 224a, and 224b terminating in edges 225a and 225b respectively, facing an imaginary inner circular opening 226a and 226b respectively.
The horizontal plane axes of the structural member 200C are at 10, and the vertical plane axes are 12.
Reference is now made to
The structural member 300A has; a planar base body 302 extending laterally between adjacent longitudinal edges 302a and 302b. A pair of mirror-image planar legs 310a and 310b extending from the planar base's adjacent longitudinal edges 302a and 302b, terminating in mirror-image flange sections 320a and 320b, respectively.
The planar base 302, having patterns of predetermined diameter size apertures 304 at predetermined locations on the planar body portion of the base 302 centered between the longitudinal edges, and one or more predetermined diameter size opening(s) 306 at predetermined locations on the planar body portion of the base 302 centered between the planar base longitudinal edges 302a and 302b extending the length of the planar base.
The mirror-image planar legs 310a and 310b extend from adjacent longitudinal edges 302a and 302b of the planar base 302. Along the length of the planar base 302 forming mirror-image (Right-Angle) 90-degrees, structural bends 312a and 312b with the planar base 302. The mirror image planar legs 310a and 310b have patterns of predetermined diameter size apertures 314a and 314b at predetermined locations on the legs' planar portion, extending the planar legs length. The mirror image planar legs 310a and 310b terminate in longitudinal edges 317a and 317b.
Mirror-image flange sections 320a and 320b extending from longitudinal edges 317a and 317b in an inward direction; the mirror-image flange sections 320a and 320b have a first planar portions 322a and 322b, respectively, and a second planar portions 324a and 324b, respectively: the first planar portions 322a and 322b, a flat planar extending from adjacent planar legs' 317a and 317b longitudinal edges, forming mirror-image structural bends 316a and 316b respectively, with the planar legs 310a and 310b; the second planar portions extending from the first planar flange longitudinal edges to form a spiral planar portions 324a, and 324b terminating in edges 325a and 325b respectively, facing an imaginary inner circular opening 326a and 326b respectively.
The horizontal plane axes of the structural member 300A are at 30, and the vertical plane axes are 32.
Reference is now made to
The structural member 300B has; a planar base body 302 extending laterally between adjacent longitudinal edges 302a and 302b. A pair of mirror-image planar legs 310a and 310b extending from the planar base's adjacent longitudinal edges 302a and 302b, terminating in mirror-image flange sections 320a and 320b, respectively.
The planar base 302, having patterns of predetermined diameter size apertures 304 at predetermined locations on the planar body portion of the base 302 centered between the longitudinal edges, and one or more predetermined diameter size opening(s) 306 at predetermined locations on the planar body portion of the base 302 centered between the planar base longitudinal edges 302a and 302b extending the length of the planar base.
The mirror-image planar legs 310a and 310b extend from adjacent longitudinal edges 302a and 302b of the planar base 302. Along the length of the planar base 302 forming mirror-image (Right-Angle) 90-degrees, structural bends 312a and 312b with the planar base 302. The mirror image planar legs 310a and 310b have patterns of predetermined diameter size apertures 314a and 314b at predetermined locations on the legs' planar portion, extending the planar legs length. The mirror image planar legs 310a and 310b terminate in longitudinal edges 317a and 317b.
Mirror-image flange sections 320a and 320b extending from longitudinal edges 317a and 317b in an inward direction; the mirror-image flange sections 320a and 320b have a first planar portions 322a and 322b, respectively, and a second planar portions 324a and 324b, respectively: the first planar portions 322a and 322b, a flat planar extending from adjacent planar legs' 317a and 317b longitudinal edges, forming mirror-image structural bends 316a and 316b respectively, with the planar legs 310a and 310b; the second planar portions extending from the first planar flange longitudinal edges to form a spiral planar portions 324a, and 324b terminating in edges 325a and 325b respectively, facing an imaginary inner circular opening 326a and 326b respectively.
The horizontal plane axes of the structural member 300B are at 30, and the vertical plane axes are 32.
Reference is now made to
The structural member 300C has; a planar base body 302 extending laterally between adjacent longitudinal edges 302a and 302b. A pair of mirror-image planar legs 310a and 310b extending from the planar base's adjacent longitudinal edges 302a and 302b, terminating in mirror-image flange sections 320a and 320b, respectively.
The planar base 302, having patterns of predetermined diameter size apertures 304 at predetermined locations on the planar body portion of the base 302 centered between the longitudinal edges, and one or more predetermined diameter size opening(s) 306 at predetermined locations on the planar body portion of the base 302 centered between the planar base longitudinal edges 302a and 302b extending the length of the planar base.
The mirror-image planar legs 310a and 310b extend from adjacent longitudinal edges 302a and 302b of the planar base 302. Along the length of the planar base 302 forming mirror-image (Right-Angle) 90-degrees, structural bends 312a and 312b with the planar base 302. The mirror image planar legs 310a and 310b have patterns of predetermined diameter size apertures 314a and 314b at predetermined locations on the legs' planar portion, extending the planar legs length. The mirror image planar legs 310a and 310b terminate in longitudinal edges 317a and 317b.
Mirror-image flange sections 320a and 320b extending from longitudinal edges 317a and 317b in an inward direction; the mirror-image flange sections 320a and 320b have a first planar portions 322a and 322b, respectively, and a second planar portions 324a and 324b, respectively: the first planar portions 322a and 322b, a flat planar extending from adjacent planar legs' 317a and 317b longitudinal edges, forming mirror-image structural bends 316a and 316b respectively, with the planar legs 310a and 310b; the second planar portions extending from the first planar flange longitudinal edges to form a spiral planar portions 324a, and 324b terminating in edges 325a and 325b respectively, facing an imaginary inner circular opening 326a and 326b respectively.
The horizontal plane axes of the structural member 300C are at 30, and the vertical plane axes are 32.
Reference is now made to
The structural member 400A in
The planar base 402, having a pattern of predetermined diameter size apertures 404 at predetermined locations on the planar body portion of the base 402 centered between the longitudinal edges 402a and 402b, and one or more predetermined larger diameter size opening(s) 406 at predetermined locations on the planar base 402 centered between the longitudinal edges 402a and 402b extending the length of the base.
The planar leg 410a extends from longitudinal edge 402a forming a 45-degree (Acute45-Angle) structural bend 412a with the planar base 402. The planar leg 410a has patterns of predetermined diameter size apertures 414a at predetermined locations, extending along the length of the planar leg 410a. The planar leg 410a terminates in longitudinal edges 417a.
A reinforcement flange section 420a extending from longitudinal edges 417a in an inward direction; the flange section 420a is having a first planar portion 422a and a second planar portion 424a: the first planar portion 422a, a flat planar extending from adjacent planar legs' longitudinal edge 417a, forming a 90-degrees to 135-degrees structural bend 416a with the planar leg 410a; the second planar portion 424a extending from the flat planar flange longitudinal edge to form a spiral planar portion 424a terminating in edge 425a facing an imaginary inner circular opening 426a.
The planar leg 410b extends from longitudinal edge 402b forming a 90-degree (Right90-Angle) structural bend 412b with the planar base 402. The planar leg 410b has patterns of predetermined diameter size apertures 414b at predetermined locations, extending along the length of the planar leg 410b. The planar leg 410b terminates in longitudinal edges 417b.
A reinforcement flange section 420b extending from longitudinal edges 417b in an inward direction; the flange section 420b having a first planar portion 422b and a second planar portions 424b: the first planar portions 422b, a flat planar extending from adjacent planar legs' longitudinal edge 417b, forming a 90-degrees to 135-degrees structural bend 416b with the planar leg 410a; the second planar portion 424b extending from the flat planar flange longitudinal edge to form a spiral planar portion 424b terminating in edge 425b facing an imaginary inner circular opening 426b.
The horizontal plane axes of the structural member 400A are at 40, and the vertical plane axes are 42.
Reference is now made to
The structural member 400B in
The planar base 402, having a pattern of predetermined diameter size apertures 404 at predetermined locations on the planar body portion of the base 402 centered between the longitudinal edges 402a and 402b, and one or more predetermined larger diameter size opening(s) 406 at predetermined locations on the planar base 402 centered between the longitudinal edges 402a and 402b extending the length of the base.
The planar leg 410a extends from longitudinal edge 402a forming a 45-degree (Acute45-Angle) structural bend 412a with the planar base 402. The planar leg 410a has patterns of predetermined diameter size apertures 414a at predetermined locations, extending along the length of the planar leg 410a. The planar leg 410a terminates in longitudinal edges 417a.
A reinforcement flange section 420a extending from longitudinal edges 417a in an inward direction; the flange section 420a is having a first planar portion 422a and a second planar portion 424a: the first planar portion 422a, a flat planar extending from adjacent planar legs' longitudinal edge 417a, forming a 90-degrees to 135-degrees structural bend 416a with the planar leg 410a; the second planar portion 424a extending from the flat planar flange longitudinal edge to form a spiral planar portion 424a terminating in edge 425a facing an imaginary inner circular opening 426a.
The planar leg 410b extends from longitudinal edge 402b forming a 90-degree (Right90-Angle) structural bend 412b with the planar base 402. The planar leg 410b has patterns of predetermined diameter size apertures 414b at predetermined locations, extending along the length of the planar leg 410b. The planar leg 410b terminates in longitudinal edges 417b.
A reinforcement flange section 420b extending from longitudinal edges 417b in an inward direction; the flange section 420b having a first planar portion 422b and a second planar portion 424b: the first planar portions 422b, a flat planar extending from adjacent planar legs' longitudinal edge 417b, forming a 90-degrees to 135-degrees structural bend 416b with the planar leg 410a; the second planar portion 424b extending from the flat planar flange longitudinal edge to form a spiral planar portion 424b terminating in edge 425b facing an imaginary inner circular opening 426b.
The horizontal plane axes of the structural member 400B are at 40, and the vertical plane axes are 42.
Reference is now made to
The structural member 400C in
The planar base 402, having a pattern of predetermined diameter size apertures 404 at predetermined locations on the planar body portion of the base 402 centered between the longitudinal edges 402a and 402b, and one or more predetermined larger diameter size opening(s) 406 at predetermined locations on the planar base 402 centered between the longitudinal edges 402a and 402b extending the length of the base.
The planar leg 410a extends from longitudinal edge 402a forming a 45-degree (Acute45-Angle) structural bend 412a with the planar base 402. The planar leg 410a has patterns of predetermined diameter size apertures 414a at predetermined locations, extending along the length of the planar leg 410a. The planar leg 410a terminates in longitudinal edges 417a.
A reinforcement flange section 420a extending from longitudinal edges 417a in an inward direction; the flange section 420a is having a first planar portion 422a and a second planar portion 424a: the first planar portion 422a, a flat planar extending from adjacent planar legs' longitudinal edge 417a, forming a 90-degrees to 135-degrees structural bend 416a with the planar leg 410a; the second planar portion 424a extending from the flat planar flange longitudinal edge to form a spiral planar portion 424a terminating in edge 425a facing an imaginary inner circular opening 426a.
The planar leg 410b extends from longitudinal edge 402b forming a 90-degree (Right90-Angle) structural bend 412b with the planar base 402. The planar leg 410b has patterns of predetermined diameter size apertures 414b at predetermined locations, extending along the length of the planar leg 410b. The planar leg 410b terminates in longitudinal edges 417b.
A reinforcement flange section 420b extending from longitudinal edges 417b in an inward direction; the flange section 420b having a first planar portion 422b and a second planar portions 424b: the first planar portions 422b, a flat planar extending from adjacent planar legs' longitudinal edge 417b, forming a 90-degrees to 135-degrees structural bend 416b with the planar leg 410a; the second planar portion 424b extending from the flat planar flange longitudinal edge to form a spiral planar portion 424b terminating in edge 425b facing an imaginary inner circular opening 426b.
The horizontal plane axes of the structural member 400C are at 40, and the vertical plane axes are 42.
Reference is now made to
The structural member 500A has; a planar base 502 extending laterally between its longitudinal edges 502a and 502b, Planar legs 510a and 510b extending from the longitudinal edges 502a and 502b, terminating in reinforcement flange sections 520a and 520b, respectively.
The planar base 502, having a pattern of predetermined diameter size apertures 504 at predetermined locations on the planar body portion of the base 502 centered between the longitudinal edges 502a and 502b, and one or more predetermined larger diameter size opening(s) 506 at predetermined locations on the planar base 502 centered between the longitudinal edges 502a and 502b extending the length of the base.
The planar leg 510a extends from longitudinal edge 502a forming a 135-degree (Obtuse135-Angle) structural bend 512a with the planar base 502. The planar leg 510a has patterns of predetermined diameter size apertures 514a at predetermined locations, extending along the length of the planar leg 510a. The planar leg 510a terminates in longitudinal edges 517a.
A reinforcement flange section 520a extending from longitudinal edges 517a in an inward direction; the flange section 420a is having a first planar portion 522a and a second planar portion 524a: the first planar portion 522a, a flat planar extending from adjacent planar legs' longitudinal edge 517a, forming a 90-degrees to 135-degrees structural bend 516a with the planar leg 510a; the second planar portion 524a extending from the flat planar flange longitudinal edge to form a spiral planar portion 524a terminating in edge 525a facing an imaginary inner circular opening 526a.
The planar leg 510b extends from longitudinal edge 502b forming a 90-degree (Right90-Angle) structural bend 512b with the planar base 502. The planar leg 510b has patterns of predetermined diameter size apertures 514b at predetermined locations, extending along the length of the planar leg 510b. The planar leg 510b terminates in longitudinal edges 517b.
A reinforcement flange section 520b extending from longitudinal edges 517b in an inward direction; the flange section 520b having a first planar portion 522b and a second planar portions 524b: the first planar portions 522b, a flat planar extending from adjacent planar legs' longitudinal edge 517b, forming a 90-degrees to 135-degrees structural bend 516b with the planar leg 510a; the second planar portion 524b extending from the flat planar flange longitudinal edge to form a spiral planar portion 524b terminating in edge 525b facing an imaginary inner circular opening 526b.
The horizontal plane axes of the structural member 500A are at 50, and the vertical plane axes are 52.
Reference is now made to
The structural member 500B has; a planar base 502 extending laterally between its longitudinal edges 502a and 502b, Planar legs 510a and 510b extending from the longitudinal edges 502a and 502b, terminating in reinforcement flange sections 520a and 520b, respectively.
The planar base 502, having a pattern of predetermined diameter size apertures 504 at predetermined locations on the planar body portion of the base 502 centered between the longitudinal edges 502a and 502b, and one or more predetermined larger diameter size opening(s) 506 at predetermined locations on the planar base 502 centered between the longitudinal edges 502a and 502b extending the length of the base.
The planar leg 510a extends from longitudinal edge 502a forming a 135-degree (Obtuse135-Angle) structural bend 512a with the planar base 502. The planar leg 510a has patterns of predetermined diameter size apertures 514a at predetermined locations, extending along the length of the planar leg 510a. The planar leg 510a terminates in longitudinal edges 517a.
A reinforcement flange section 520a extending from longitudinal edges 517a in an inward direction; the flange section 420a is having a first planar portion 522a and a second planar portion 524a: the first planar portion 522a, a flat planar extending from adjacent planar legs' longitudinal edge 517a, forming a 90-degrees to 135-degrees structural bend 516a with the planar leg 510a; the second planar portion 524a extending from the flat planar flange longitudinal edge to form a spiral planar portion 524a terminating in edge 525a facing an imaginary inner circular opening 526a.
The planar leg 510b extends from longitudinal edge 502b forming a 90-degree (Right90-Angle) structural bend 512b with the planar base 502. The planar leg 510b has patterns of predetermined diameter size apertures 514b at predetermined locations, extending along the length of the planar leg 510b. The planar leg 510b terminates in longitudinal edges 517b.
A reinforcement flange section 520b extending from longitudinal edges 517b in an inward direction; the flange section 520b having a first planar portion 522b and a second planar portions 524b: the first planar portions 522b, a flat planar extending from adjacent planar legs' longitudinal edge 517b, forming a 90-degrees to 135-degrees structural bend 516b with the planar leg 510a; the second planar portion 524b extending from the flat planar flange longitudinal edge to form a spiral planar portion 524b terminating in edge 525b facing an imaginary inner circular opening 526b.
The horizontal plane axes of the structural member 500B are at 50, and the vertical plane axes are 52.
Reference is now made to
The structural member 500C has; a planar base 502 extending laterally between its longitudinal edges 502a and 502b, Planar legs 510a and 510b extending from the longitudinal edges 502a and 502b, terminating in reinforcement flange sections 520a and 520b, respectively.
The planar base 502, having a pattern of predetermined diameter size apertures 504 at predetermined locations on the planar body portion of the base 502 centered between the longitudinal edges 502a and 502b, and one or more predetermined larger diameter size opening(s) 506 at predetermined locations on the planar base 502 centered between the longitudinal edges 502a and 502b extending the length of the base.
The planar leg 510a extends from longitudinal edge 502a forming a 135-degree (Obtuse135-Angle) structural bend 512a with the planar base 502. The planar leg 510a has patterns of predetermined diameter size apertures 514a at predetermined locations, extending along the length of the planar leg 510a. The planar leg 510a terminates in longitudinal edges 517a.
A reinforcement flange section 520a extending from longitudinal edges 517a in an inward direction; the flange section 420a is having a first planar portion 522a and a second planar portion 524a: the first planar portion 522a, a flat planar extending from adjacent planar legs' longitudinal edge 517a, forming a 90-degrees to 135-degrees structural bend 516a with the planar leg 510a; the second planar portion 524a extending from the flat planar flange longitudinal edge to form a spiral planar portion 524a terminating in edge 525a facing an imaginary inner circular opening 526a.
The planar leg 510b extends from longitudinal edge 502b forming a 90-degree (Right90-Angle) structural bend 512b with the planar base 502. The planar leg 510b has patterns of predetermined diameter size apertures 514b at predetermined locations, extending along the length of the planar leg 510b. The planar leg 510b terminates in longitudinal edges 517b.
A reinforcement flange section 520b extending from longitudinal edges 517b in an inward direction; the flange section 520b having a first planar portion 522b and a second planar portions 524b: the first planar portions 522b, a flat planar extending from adjacent planar legs' longitudinal edge 517b, forming a 90-degrees to 135-degrees structural bend 516b with the planar leg 510a; the second planar portion 524b extending from the flat planar flange longitudinal edge to form a spiral planar portion 524b terminating in edge 525b facing an imaginary inner circular opening 526b.
The horizontal plane axes of the structural member 500C are at 50, and the vertical plane axes are 52.
While my above description contains many specifies, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope but rather as an exemplification of one preferred embodiment thereof. Many other variations are possible.
The application of modular structural components has numerous advantages over an equivalent steel structural component or standard reinforced concrete application in building construction. The modular, integrated structural components serve as both reinforcement and formwork, eliminating the need for both, and provides large tensile and compressive capacities over conventional structural steel and reinforced concrete components.
The application of modular, structural components in a steel-concrete composite system allows the controlled placement of steel flange reinforcement at the outer perimeter to perform most effectively in tension and the resisting bending moment and contributing to the moment of inertia. The steel-concrete composite's stiffness is also greatly enhanced due to the much greater steel elasticity over the concrete. The concrete forms an ideal core of the steel-concrete composite system, withstanding the compressive load in a typical application, delaying and often preventing the steel's local buckling. Additionally, as the structural component confines the concrete core, it increases the compressive strength and the steel-concrete composite system's ductility. In contrast to reinforced concrete columns with transverse reinforcement, the steel-concrete composite system also prevents the concrete's spalling. It minimizes congestion of reinforcement in the connection region, particularly for seismic design.
Progress in concrete technology has made it possible to utilize concrete strengths over 15 ksi in steel-concrete composite columns. When high-strength concrete is used, the more brittle nature of high-strength concrete is partially mitigated by the confinement from the light-steel structural component, and the support offered by the concrete delays local buckling of the steel structural component.
Advantageously the Class-AA and Class-AR structural components serve as steel reinforcement and permanent formwork for concrete placement, decreasing labor and material costs in the building construction. This cost-saving will have a compounding effect in more moderate multi-story building projects. The building can ascend more quickly than a comparable reinforced concrete structure since the primary structural work can precede the concrete work by one or more stories.
Advantageously the Class-OO and Class-OR structural components serve as steel reinforcement, decreasing labor and material costs in the steel rebar placement in building construction. This cost-saving will have a compounding effect in more moderate multi-story building projects. The building can ascend more quickly than a comparable reinforced concrete structure since the primary structural work can precede the concrete work by one or more stories.
Advantageously the Class-RR structural components I-beams and columns. The smaller column sizes may increase the usable floor space in the buildings. The smaller and lighter structural framework places less of a load on the foundation, resulting in minor foundation work, thus, more cutting of construction cost.
Advantageously, the embodiments offer a viable alternative to conventional Light-Frame Wood and Cold-Formed Steel framing systems with substantial advantages affecting housing affordability, especially in the disaster-affected areas in the United States and worldwide.
Advantageously, the embodiments are connectable without the need for any complex jointing operations at the job site. It is also advantageous that a minimum amount of skilled labor or heavy equipment is required to use such structural components in various structural building applications.
Advantageously, the embodiments optionally can provide attachment features to facilitate the attachment of a variety of glass fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC) composite exterior wall panels to the steel-concrete composite frame structural systems.
Advantageously, the embodiments can easily be transported to any place within the United States and worldwide in a protected state, using standard transportation means, without additional safety requirements or transportation costs.
Advantageously, the material thickness and member size can be modified to accommodate various structural load conditions for building construction.
Advantageously, modular structural components can be made in various sizes and from multiple materials, including high-strength galvanized steel selected for strength and resistance to deterioration in the expected environment.
Advantageously, the Concrete-Filled Steel Components serve as both reinforcement and formwork, eliminating the need for both, and provides large tensile and compressive capacities over conventional structural steel and reinforced concrete components.
Advantageously, the Class-AA structural components serve as permanent formwork for concrete placement, resulting in decreased labor and material costs in the building construction. This cost-saving will have a compounding effect in more moderate multi-story building projects. The building can ascend more quickly than a comparable reinforced concrete structure since the primary structural work can precede the concrete work by one or more stories.
If desired, the embodiment may be made to be incorporated into a wide variety of construction applications, with only the necessity of modifying the length, cross-sectional measurements, and material type and thickness of the structural member.
If desired, the embodiment may be made of metal alloys chosen from the Class consisting of high-yield strength steel having a preferable thickness of approximately 1.518 mm to about 4.554 mm inclusive, corresponding to a thickness between 0.0598 inches and 0.1793 inches inclusive, corresponding to a thickness of 16 gauge to 7 gauge inclusive, Manufacturers Standard Gauge.
If desired, the embodiment may be made with a preferred planar base width of approximately 152.40 mm to 406.40 mm inclusive, corresponding to a thickness of approximately; 6.00 inches to 16.00 inches inclusive.
If desired, the embodiment may be made with a preferred legs width size of approximately 38.1 mm to approximately 101.60 mm inclusive, corresponding to a thickness of approximately 1.50 inches to 4.00 inches inclusive.
If desired, the embodiment may be made with a preferred flange flat planar portion of approximately 9.525 mm to approximately 25.40 mm inclusive, corresponding to a thickness between 0.375 inches and 1.00 inches inclusive.
If desired, the embodiment may be made with a preferred flange incurvate planar portion outer diameter of approximately 9.525 mm to approximately 25.40 mm inclusive, corresponding to a thickness between 0.375 inches and 1.00 inches inclusive.
If desired, the embodiment may be made with a preferred flange circular planar portion outer diameter of approximately 9.525 mm to approximately 38.10 mm inclusive, corresponding to a thickness between 0.375 inches and 1.50 inches inclusive.
If desired, the embodiment may be made with a preferred flange spiral planar portion outer diameter of approximately 9.525 mm to approximately 38.1 mm inclusive, corresponding to a thickness between 0.375 inches and 1.50 inches inclusive.
If desired, the embodiment may be made with a preferred base aperture diameter of approximately 12.70 mm to approximately 19.05 mm inclusive, corresponding to a thickness between 0.50 inches and 0.75 inches inclusive.
If desired, the embodiment may be made with a preferred base opening diameter of approximately 76.2 mm to approximately 127 mm inclusive, corresponding to a thickness between 3 inches and 5 inches inclusive.
If desired, the embodiment flange section may be modified or eliminated to accommodate concrete formwork.
If desired, the embodiment mirror-image leg-base structural bends 45-degrees to 89.5-degrees, are selected one of 45.00 degrees, 54.00 degrees, 60.00 degrees, 64.28 degrees, 67.50 degrees, 70.00 degrees, 72.00 degrees, 73.60 degrees, 75.00 degrees, 78.75 degrees, 81.00 degrees, 82.50 degrees, 84.00 degrees, 85.00 degrees, 86.00 degrees, 87.00 degrees, 87.6 degrees, 88.2 degrees, 88.5 degrees, and 89.50 degrees, associated with structural components having 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36, 45, 60, 75, 100, 120, 360-sided polygon shape, respectively.
If desired, the embodiment mirror-image leg-base structural bends 90.5-degrees to 135-degrees, are a selected one of 90.50 degrees, 91.50 degrees, 91.80 degrees, 92.40 degrees, 93.00 degrees, 94.00 degrees, 95.00 degrees, 96.00 degrees, 97.50 degrees, 99.00 degrees, 101.25 degrees, 105.00 degrees, 106.40 degrees, 108.00 degrees, 110.00 degrees, 112.50 degrees, 115.72 degrees, 120.00 degrees, 126.00 degrees, 135.00 degrees, associated with structural components having 360, 120, 100, 75, 60, 45, 36, 30, 24, 20, 16, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, and 4-sided polygon shape cross-section respectively.
If desired, the embodiment mirror-image flange-leg structural bends 45-degrees to 135-degrees inclusive are selected from the group consisting of 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, and 135 degrees.
For the purposes of an exemplary showing, the structural member may be made of any appropriate metallic material such as high strength steel, and other metals or metal alloys are chosen from a class consisting of high-yield strength steel having a preferable thickness of approximately 1.524 mm to approximately 4.546 mm inclusive, corresponding to a thickness approximately 0.060 inches to approximately 0.179 inches inclusive, corresponding to a thickness of approximately seven (7) gauge to approximately sixteen (16) gauge inclusive Manufacturers Standard Gauge.
This non-provisional application claims benefit and priority of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/001,961, filed Mar. 30, 2020, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety by reference.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 63001961 | Mar 2020 | US |
