The present disclosure generally relates to intraocular lenses (IOLs). More specifically, the present disclosure relates to embodiments of modular IOL designs, methods and associated tools.
The human eye functions to provide vision by transmitting light through a clear outer portion called the cornea, and focusing the image by way of a crystalline lens onto a retina. The quality of the focused image depends on many factors including the size and shape of the eye, and the transparency of the cornea and the lens.
When age or disease causes the lens to become less transparent (e.g., cloudy), vision deteriorates because of the diminished light, which can be transmitted to the retina. This deficiency in the lens of the eye is medically known as a cataract. An accepted treatment for this condition is surgical removal of the lens from the capsular bag and placement of an artificial intraocular lens (IOL) in the capsular bag. In the United States, the majority of cataractous lenses are removed by a surgical technique called phacoemulsification. During this procedure, an opening (capsulorhexis) is made in the anterior side of the capsular bag and a thin phacoemulsification-cutting tip is inserted into the diseased lens and vibrated ultrasonically. The vibrating cutting tip liquefies or emulsifies the lens so that the lens may be aspirated out of the capsular bag. The diseased lens, once removed, is replaced by an IOL.
After cataract surgery to implant an IOL, the optical result may be suboptimal or may need adjustment over time. For example, shortly after the procedure, it may be determined that the refractive correction is erroneous leading to what is sometimes called “refractive surprise.” Also for example, long after the procedure, it may be determined that the patient needs or desires a different correction, such as a stronger refractive correction, an astigmatism correction, or a multifocal correction.
In each of these cases, a surgeon may be reluctant to attempt removal of the suboptimal IOL from the capsular bag and replacement with a new IOL. In general, manipulation of the capsular bag to remove an IOL risks damage to the capsular bag including posterior rupture. This risk increases over time as the capsular bag collapses around the IOL and tissue ingrowth surrounds the haptics of the IOL. Thus, it would be desirable to be able to correct or modify the optical result without the need to remove the IOL or manipulate the capsular bag.
Thus, there remains a need for an IOL system and method that allows for correction or modification of the optical result using a lens that can be attached to a base or primary lens without the need to manipulate the capsular bag.
Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a modular IOL system including intraocular base and optic components, which, when combined, form a modular IOL. In general, the modular IOL allows for the lens to be adjusted or exchanged while leaving the base in place, either intra-operatively or post-operatively.
In one embodiment, a modular IOL system includes an annular base having two radially outward extending haptics. The base defines a center hole and an inside perimeter, with a radially inward open recess around the inside perimeter. The modular IOL system also includes a lens having an optical body with first and second tabs extending radially outward from the optical body. The base and lens may be assembled with the first and second tabs of the lens disposed in the recess of the base. The first tab may be an actuatable spring, and the second tab may be a non-actuatable extension. The first tab may require radial compression for assembly of the lens with the base. The first tab may comprise a pair of cantilever springs, each with one end attached the optical body and one end free.
Drug delivery capabilities and/or sensing capabilities may be incorporated into the base, which offers several advantages over incorporating such capabilities into the lens. For example, it avoids any interference the drugs or sensors may have with the optical performance of the lens.
Embodiments of the present disclosure also provide injector devices that facilitate series or parallel delivery of the base and lens of the modular IOL. The injector may include a barrel having at least one internal lumen with at least one plunger disposed therein. After the base and the lens are both loaded into the barrel, the distal end of the barrel is placed into the eye and the plunger is advanced in the barrel to place the base and the lens into the eye. The base and the lens may be placed into the eye sequentially or simultaneously. The barrel may include a single internal lumen with a single plunger disposed therein, two side-by-side internal lumens that merge distally with a plunger disposed in each lumen, or a single internal lumen with a pair of co-axial plungers disposed therein, for example. The base and lens may be placed in the barrel in-line or side-by-side, using cartridges if desired.
The modular IOL systems, tools and methods according to embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to a variety of IOL types, including fixed monofocal, multifocal, toric, accommodative, and combinations thereof. In addition, the modular IOL systems, tools and methods according to embodiments of the present disclosure may be used to treat, for example: cataracts, large optical errors in myopic (near-sighted), hyperopic (far-sighted), and astigmatic eyes, ectopia lentis, aphakia, pseudophakia, and nuclear sclerosis.
Various other aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are described in the following detailed description and drawings.
The drawings illustrate example embodiments of the present disclosure. The drawings are not necessarily to scale, may include similar elements that are numbered the same, and may include dimensions (in millimeters) and angles (in degrees) by way of example, not necessarily limitation. In the drawings:
With reference to
The eye 10 is not properly a sphere; rather it is a fused two-piece unit. The smaller frontal unit, more curved, called the cornea 12 is linked to the larger unit called the sclera 14. The corneal segment 12 is typically about 8 mm (0.3 in) in radius. The sclera 14 constitutes the remaining five-sixths; its radius is typically about 12 mm. The cornea 12 and sclera 14 are connected by a ring called the limbus. The iris 16, the color of the eye, and its black center, the pupil, are seen instead of the cornea 12 due to the cornea's 12 transparency. To see inside the eye 10, an ophthalmoscope is needed, since light is not reflected out. The fundus (area opposite the pupil), which includes the macula 28, shows the characteristic pale optic disk (papilla), where vessels entering the eye pass across and optic nerve fibers 18 depart the globe.
Thus, the eye 10 is made up of three coats, enclosing three transparent structures. The outermost layer is composed of the cornea 12 and sclera 14. The middle layer consists of the choroid 20, ciliary body 22, and iris 16. The innermost layer is the retina 24, which gets its circulation from the vessels of the choroid 20 as well as the retinal vessels, which can be seen within an ophthalmoscope. Within these coats are the aqueous humor, the vitreous body 26, and the flexible lens 30. The aqueous humor is a clear fluid that is contained in two areas: the anterior chamber between the cornea 12 and the iris 16 and the exposed area of the lens 30; and the posterior chamber, between the iris 16 and the lens 30. The lens 30 is suspended to the ciliary body 22 by the suspensory ciliary ligament 32 (Zonule of Zinn), made up of fine transparent fibers. The vitreous body 26 is a clear jelly that is much larger than the aqueous humor.
The crystalline lens 30 is a transparent, biconvex structure in the eye that, along with the cornea 12, helps to refract light to be focused on the retina 24. The lens 30, by changing its shape, functions to change the focal distance of the eye so that it can focus on objects at various distances, thus allowing a sharp real image of the object of interest to be formed on the retina 24. This adjustment of the lens 30 is known as accommodation, and is similar to the focusing of a photographic camera via movement of its lenses.
The lens has three main parts: the lens capsule, the lens epithelium, and the lens fibers. The lens capsule forms the outermost layer of the lens and the lens fibers form the bulk of the interior of the lens. The cells of the lens epithelium, located between the lens capsule and the outermost layer of lens fibers, are found predominantly on the anterior side of the lens but extend posteriorly just beyond the equator.
The lens capsule is a smooth, transparent basement membrane that completely surrounds the lens. The capsule is elastic and is composed of collagen. It is synthesized by the lens epithelium and its main components are Type IV collagen and sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). The capsule is very elastic and so causes the lens to assume a more globular shape when not under the tension of the zonular fibers, which connect the lens capsule to the ciliary body 22. The capsule varies between approximately 2-28 micrometers in thickness, being thickest near the equator and thinnest near the posterior pole. The lens capsule may be involved with the higher anterior curvature than posterior of the lens.
Various diseases and disorders of the lens 30 may be treated with an IOL. By way of example, not necessarily limitation, a modular IOL according to embodiments of the present disclosure may be used to treat cataracts, large optical errors in myopic (near-sighted), hyperopic (far-sighted), and astigmatic eyes, ectopia lentis, aphakia, pseudophakia, and nuclear sclerosis. However, for purposes of description, the modular IOL embodiments of the present disclosure are described with reference to cataracts.
The following detailed description describes various embodiments of a modular IOL system including primary and secondary intraocular components, namely an intraocular base configured to releasably receive an intraocular optic. Features described with reference to any one embodiment may be applied to and incorporated into other embodiments.
With reference to
With specific reference to
Recessed groove 92 includes a lower rim 91, an upper rim 93 and an inward-facing lateral wall 94. The upper rim 93 may have an inside diameter that is the same as or greater than the outside diameter of the optic portion 97 of the lens 65 (excluding tabs 95 and 96) such that the lens 65 can rest inside the hole 57 of the base 55. All or a portion of the lower rim 91 may have an inside diameter that is less than the outside diameter of the lens 65 (including tabs 95 and 96) such that the lower rim 91 acts as a ledge or backstop for the lens 65 when placed in the hole 57 of the base 55. By way of example, not necessarily limitation, the upper rim 93 may have an inside diameter of about 6.0 mm, the lower rim 91 may have an inside diameter of about 5.5 mm, the optic portion 97 of lens 65 may have an outside diameter of about 5.8 mm, and the tabs 95 and 96 may have a diameter or dimension of about 7.125 mm from the apex of tab 95 to the apex of tab 96.
The lower 91 and upper 93 rims defining the groove 92 may extend continuously around all or a portion of the perimeter of the hole 57. The base 55 may be cryo-machined in two parts, including lower or posterior portion 55-1 and upper or anterior portion 55-2, that are subsequently bonded (e.g., adhesive or solvent bond), which may lend itself well to defining a continuous groove 92. To maintain chemical and mechanical property compatibility, the adhesive and the parts 55-1 and 55-2 of the base 55 may comprise the same monomeric or polymeric formulation. For example, the adhesive may be formulated from the same acrylic monomers used in making the hydrophobic acrylic parts 55-1 and 55-2 of the base 55. Alternatively, the lower 91 and upper 93 rims defining the groove 92 may extend discontinuously around all or a portion of the perimeter of the hole 57. An example of a discontinuous arrangement is alternating segments of the lower 91 and upper 93 rims, which may lend itself well to cryo-machining the base 55 in a single part. Alternative manufacturing methods well known in the art may also be employed.
Optionally, the base posterior portion 55-1 may be a solid disc, rather than an annular ring with a hole 57, thereby defining a posterior surface against which the posterior side of the lens 65 would contact. The posterior surface may be flat or curved to conform to the posterior contour of the lens 65. This may have the advantage of providing a backstop for the lens 65 thereby making delivery and positioning of the lens 65 in the base 55 easier. This may also provide the advantage of reducing the rate of posterior capsular opacification.
With specific reference to
The outside curvature of the fixed tab 95 may have a radius conforming to the inside radius of the groove 92. Similarly, the outside curvature of the actuatable tab 96 may have a radius that conforms to the inside radius of the groove 92 when the actuatable tab 96 is in its uncompressed extended position. This arrangement limits relative movement between the base 55 and the lens 65 once connected.
Optionally, the lens 65 may be oval or ellipsoidal, rather than circular, with the tabs 95 and 96 positioned adjacent the long axis. This arrangement would thus define a gap between the edge of the lens 65 along its short axis and the inside perimeter of the upper rim 93 of the groove 92 in the base 55. The gap may have the advantage of providing access for a probe or similar device to pry apart the lens 65 from the base 55 if separation were needed.
Actuatable tab 96 may be attached to and extend from the lens 65 at two ends with the middle portion free of the lens 65 (like a leaf spring) as shown. Alternatively, actuatable tab 96 may be attached to and extend from the lens 65 at one end with the other end free (like a cantilever spring). Other spring configurations may be employed as known in the mechanical arts.
The actuatable tab 96 may elastically deform (e.g., by application of an inward lateral force) to its compressed position. To facilitate low force compression, a dimple 99 may be provided on the outside (and/or inside) curvature of the tab to form a hinge in the spring.
As in the prior embodiment, the base 55A portion of the modular IOL 90 in this alternative embodiment includes a pair of haptics 54 and a center hole 57 such that, except for the outermost portion, the posterior optical surface of the lens 65 is not in contact with the base 55A when the lens 65 is attached to the base 55A. Also as in the prior embodiment, the base 55A may be formed as a single piece, or formed as a posterior portion 55A-1 and an anterior portion 55A-2 that are fixed to each other by adhesive or the like (as shown). A recessed groove 92, which is sized and configured to receive tab portions 95 and 96 of the lens 65, defines the perimeter of the hole 57. The recessed groove 92 includes a lower rim 91, an upper rim 93 and an inward-facing lateral wall 94. The lower rim 91 may be part of the posterior portion 55A-1 of the base 55A, and the upper rim may be part of the anterior portion 55A-2 of the base 55A
In this alternative embodiment of the base 55A of modular IOL 90, the lower rim 91 may include one or more cutouts 91A, which aid in removing visco-elastic intra-operatively. Also in this alternative embodiment, the upper rim 93 may include one or more notches 93A to provide access for a Sinskey hook intra-operatively, which allows the base 55A to be more easily manipulated.
Further in this embodiment, the base 55A may include an outer rim 53 extending around substantially the entire periphery of the base 55A. The outer rim 53 may be formed as a part of the posterior portion 55A-1 of the base 55A as shown, or as a part of the anterior portion 55A-2 of the base. At the junction of the haptic 54, the outer rim 53 may terminate short of the inside curvature of the haptic 54 to provide a flexible junction of the haptic 54 to the body of the base 55A, and the outer rim 53 may extend continuously with the outside curvature of the haptic 54.
The posterior-most side of base 55A may include at least one corner edge 91B along its perimeter, and the outside perimeter of the body of the base 55A may include corner edges 91C and 91D, all to reduce the tendency for posterior capsular opacification. In addition, an anterior corner edge 93B may be formed along the anterior perimeter of the base 55A. The corner edges 91B, 91C and 91D may be formed into the posterior portion 55A-1 of the base 55A defining lower rim 91, and the corner edge 93B may be formed into the anterior portion 55A-2 of the base 55A defining upper rim 93. In cross-section, the corner edges 91B, 91C, 91D and 93B may be defined by a square angle, an acute angle, or an obtuse angle. The posterior corner edge 91B may be flush with the posterior surface as shown, or may protrude posteriorly. The base 55A may be machined without subsequent tumbling to better form the corner edges 91B, 91C, 91D and 93B. Preferably, the corner edges 91B, 91C, 91D and 93B may extend around the entire circumference of the base 55A.
Note with reference to
By way of example, not necessarily limitation, the following dimensions are provided with reference to alternative base 55A illustrated in
In general, the modular IOL 90 allows for the lens 65 to be adjusted or exchanged while leaving the base 55 in place, either intra-operatively or post-operatively. Examples of instances where this may be desirable include, without limitation: exchanging the lens 65 for a suboptimal refractive result detected intra-operatively; exchanging the lens 65 for a suboptimal refractive result detected post-operatively (residual refractive error); rotationally adjusting the lens 65 relative to the base 55 to fine tune toric correction; laterally adjusting the lens 65 relative to the base 55 for alignment of the optic with the true optical axis (which may not be the center of the capsular bag); and exchanging the lens 65 for the changing optical needs or desires of the patient over longer periods of time. Examples of the latter instance include, but are not limited to: an adult or pediatric IOL patient whose original optical correction needs to be changed as s/he matures; a patient who wants to upgrade from a monofocal IOL to a premium IOL (toric, multifocal, accommodating or other future lens technology); a patient who is not satisfied with their premium IOL and wants to downgrade to monofocal IOL; and a patient who develops a medical condition where an IOL or a particular type of IOL is contra-indicated.
An example of how the modular IOL 90, including base 55 and lens 65, may be implanted is shown in
As shown in
The lens 65 may also be delivered in a rolled configuration using an injector, positioning the distal tip thereof adjacent the base 55. The lens 65 may be ejected from the injector and allowed to unfurl. With gentle manipulation, the lens 65 is centered relative to the capsulorhexis 36. Once the base 55 has been delivered and unfurled in the capsular bag, the lens 65 may be connected to the base 55 via placing tabs 95 and 96 into groove 92 to provide an interlocking connection between the base 55 and the lens 65.
As shown in
The compressive force may then be released from the actuatable tab 96, allowing the fixed tab 95 to slide into the groove 92 of the base 55, thus connecting the lens 65 to the base 55. By using a lateral force to compress the interlocking feature rather than an anterior-posterior force, the risk of posterior rupture of the capsular bag is reduced. The probe may be removed from hole 98. Reverse steps may be followed to disconnect the lens 65 from the base 55.
The actuatable tab 96 and groove 92 may be described as interlocking members that provide an interlocking connection between the base 55 and the lens 65, wherein at least one of the pair of interlocking members is actuatable to lock or unlock the connection therebetween. More generally, one or more interlocking connections may be provided between the base and lens. Each interlocking connection may include a pair of interlocking members, wherein one or both of the interlocking members are actuatable. The actuatable interlocking member may be associated with the lens as described with reference to modular IOL 90 in
As shown in
As shown in
A typical corneal incision 13 may have a width of about 2.2 mm, less than the outer diameter of the lens 65. Removing the lens 65 from the anterior chamber 15 through the corneal incision 13 may thus require mechanical manipulation of the lens 65. The lens 65 may be manipulated, for example cut, such that it can be pulled through the corneal incision, either as a single piece or in multiple pieces. A cannula or tube may be used to facilitate this removal.
A conventional injector (a.k.a., inserter) may be used to deliver the base 55 and lens 65. Examples of suitable injectors are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,123,905 to Kelman, U.S. Pat. No. 4,681,102 to Bartell, U.S. Pat. No. 5,304,182 to Rheinish, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,944,725 to Cicenas. Such injectors may be configured to deliver the base 55 and lens 65 singly as described with reference to
With reference to
With reference to
With reference to
With reference to
With continued reference to
As mentioned previously, the base 55 and lens 65 may be delivered in series or in parallel. For delivery in parallel, the lens 65 may be pre-assembled with the base 55, rolled together, and then loaded into an injector for delivery into the eye, thus negating the need to assemble the two inside the eye. A dissolvable adhesive, a severable member (e.g., a tab, tether or hinge severable by cutting or laser ablating) or other temporary connecting means may be used to maintain the assembled connection between the base 55 and lens 65 during the rolling, loading and delivery process. Alternatively, the lens 65 may be stacked onto the base 55 (without assembling the two), rolled together, loaded into an injector, delivered into the eye, and then assembled inside the eye.
In this embodiment, the groove 92 is defined by an upper rim or wall 93 angled in an anterior direction, an inward-facing lateral wall 94, and a lower rim or wall 91 angled in a posterior direction. The upper rim 93 may be angled at 30 degrees, for example, anteriorly from the plane of the groove 92, and the lower rim 91 may be angled at 30 degrees, for example, posteriorly from the plane of the groove 92.
The lateral wall 94 may have a height (anterior-posterior dimension) that matches the thickness of the tabs 95 and 96. The lateral wall 94 may have a linear geometry that matches the outer-most wall of the tabs 95 and 96. The lateral wall 94 may intersect the upper and lower rims 93 and 91 to form inside corners. Compared to a curved intersection, the inside corners may provide better anterior-posterior stability of the tabs 95 and 96 inside the groove 92, and thereby provide better anterior-posterior stability of the lens 65 relative to the base 55B.
The opening of the groove 92 may have a dimension defined by the distance between the upper rim 93 and the lower rim 91 along the inside diameter of the rims 91 and 93. The opening dimension of the groove 92 may be substantially greater than the thickness of the tabs 95 and 96 to allow for easy insertion of the lens 65 into the base 55B. In one example, the opening dimension of the groove 92 is 1.5 times greater than the thickness of the tabs 95 and 96. In another example, the opening dimension of the groove 92 is 2.0 times greater than the thickness of the tabs 95 and 96. The large opening of the groove 92 allows for faster and easier insertion of the lens 65 into the base 55B.
Commercially available IOLs typically have an equatorial diameter (excluding haptics) of about 6 mm, an anterior-posterior thickness of about 0.2 mm at 6 mm diameter and 0.7 mm at the center, providing an overall volume of about 12 mm3. Lens 65 is similarly dimensioned, but the base 55B adds substantially more volume. The base 55B may have an equatorial diameter (excluding haptics 54) of about 8.5 mm, an anterior-posterior thickness of about 1 mm at 8.5 mm diameter, 2.5 mm at 6 mm diameter, providing an overall volume of about 67 mm3 when the lens 65 is disposed in the base 55B. Thus, the size of the combined base 55B and lens 65 is volumetrically much larger than conventional IOLs available on the market. This relatively larger volume is intended to fill the capsular bag more like a natural lens, thus increasing the stability of the base 55B and reducing post-operative migration due to the bag collapsing around the base 55B. By way of comparison, a typical natural lens has an equatorial diameter of about 10.4 mm, an anterior-posterior dimension of about 4.0 mm for a corresponding volume of about 180 mm3. Due to anatomic variability, a natural lens may have a volume ranging from 130 mm3 to 250 mm3. Thus, the base 55B plus the lens 65 consumes about 50% to 25% of the volume of the bag after the natural lens has been extricated, whereas a conventional IOL consumes about 10% to 5% of the volume of the bag.
Specifically, alternative lens 65A includes an optic portion 97 and one or more fixed tabs 95 and one or more actuatable tabs 96A. Optionally, fixed tab 95 may be replaced with an actuatable tab (e.g., like tab 96A). Fixed tab 95 may include a thru hole 98 so that a probe or similar device may be used to engage the hole 98 and manipulate the tab 95. Fixed tab 95 may also include a notch 98A positioned counter-clockwise of the hole 98 (or otherwise on the counter-clockwise side of the tab 95) to provide an indication that the anterior side of the lens 65A is right side up when implanted. In other words, when the lens 65A is placed in the base 55, if the notch 98A is positioned counter-clockwise of the hole 98, then the anterior side of the lens 65A is correctly positioned facing anteriorly. If the notch 98A is positioned clockwise of the hole 98, then the anterior side of the lens 65A is incorrectly positioned facing posteriorly. Other indicators of correct anterior-posterior placement of the lens 65A may be employed by providing two markers about the periphery of the lens 65A and designating their correct relative position (clockwise or counter-clockwise).
Actuatable tab 96A may be actuated between a compressed position for delivery into the hole 57 of the base 55, and an uncompressed extended position (shown) for deployment into the groove 92 of the base 55, thus forming an interlocking connection between the base 55 and the lens 65A. Actuatable tab 96A includes two members 96A1 and 96A2, each with one end connected to the peripheral rim 97A around optic 97, and the other end free, thus forming two cantilever springs. Compared to actuatable tab 96 (illustrated in
As shown in
Optionally, one or both of the two cantilever members 96A1 and 96A2 may include a hole 96A4 as shown in
Optionally, drugs may be incorporated into or carried by the base 55. Using the base 55 as a carrier for drugs, as opposed to the lens 65, has a number of advantages. For example, it avoids any interference the drug or drugs may have with the optical performance of the lens 65. Also, because the base 55 doesn't require tumbling as part of the manufacturing process like the lens 65 does, drugs carried by the base 55 aren't exposed to potential damage. Drugs may be incorporated into the base 55 by connecting one or more separate drug carriers to the base 55, having the material of the base 55 act as a carrier for the drug (e.g., like a sponge), incorporating one or more drug-eluting materials into the base 55, or incorporating one or more refillable reservoirs into the base 55 that carry the drug. One or multiple portions of the base 55 may carry the drug or drugs, and these portions may be separate from each other, to avoid interaction between different drugs, for example. The portion or portions of the base 55 carrying the drug may be selectively activated by light or thermal energy (e.g., laser, UV light, etc.) to release the stored drug or drugs all at once or in a series of releases over time.
Examples of clinical indications for such drugs include wet or dry macular degeneration, open or close angle glaucoma, uveitis, posterior capsular opacification, post-op management after cataract surgery, etc. Examples of drugs that may be used for wet macular degeneration include aflibercept, bevacizumab, pegaptanib, ranibizumab, steroids, and aptamers. Examples of drugs that may be used for dry macular degeneration include complement factors, anti-oxidants and anti-inflammatory agents. Examples of drugs that may be used for open angle glaucoma include brimonidine, latanoprost, timolol, pilocarpine, brinzolamide and other drugs in the general categories of beta blockers, alpha agonists, ROCK Inhibitors, adenosine receptor agonsists, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, adrenergic and cholinergic receptor activating agents, and prostaglandin analogues. Examples of drugs that may be used for uveitis include methotrexate, antibodies, dexamethasone, triamcinolone, and other steroid agents. Examples of drugs that may be used for posterior capsular opacification include anti-proliferative, anti-mitotic, anti-inflammatory, and other medications that would inhibit the spread of lens epithelial cells. Examples of drugs that may be used for post-op management after cataract surgery include antibiotics such as fluoroquinolones, non-steroidal agents such as ketorolacs, and steroids such as prednisolones. Other medications that may be used to treat various ocular diseases and conditions include: anti-fibrotic agents, antiinflammatory agents, immunosuppressant agents, anti-neoplastic agents, migration inhibitors, anti-proliferative agents, rapamycin, triamcinolone acetonide, everolimus, tacrolimus, paclitaxel, actinomycin, azathioprine, dexamethasone, cyclosporine, bevacizumab, anti-VEGF agents, anti-IL-1 agents, canakinumab, anti-IL-2 agents, viral vectors, beta blockers, alpha agonists, muscarinic agents, steroids, antibiotics, non-steroidal antiinflammatory agents, prostaglandin analogues, ROCK inhibitors, nitric oxide, endothelin, matrixmetalloproteinase inhibitors, CNPA, corticosteroids, and antibody-based immunosuppresants. These drugs may be used individually or in combination, depending on the patient's particular clinical indication.
Also, the portion or portions of the base 55 carrying the drug or drugs may face a particular direction or directions while other directions are masked or blocked to increase the concentration of the drug on a specific portion of the lens capsule. For example, posterior ocular structures may be the focus of drug delivery (e.g., to mitigate macular degeneration), and/or anterior ocular structures may be the focus of drug delivery (e.g., to deliver glaucoma drugs adjacent the angle, to deliver drugs for uveitis or post-op management after cataract surgery).
By way of example,
Similarly, one or more microelectronic sensors may be incorporated into or carried by the base 55. Using the base 55 as a carrier for sensors, as opposed to the lens 65, has a number of advantages. For example, it avoids any interference the sensors may have with the optical performance of the lens 65. Also, because the base 55 doesn't require tumbling as part of the manufacturing process like the lens 65 does, sensors carried by the base 55 aren't exposed to potential damage.
As shown in
The foregoing discussion of the disclosure has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. The foregoing is not intended to limit the disclosure to the form or forms disclosed herein. Although the disclosure has included description of one or more embodiments and certain variations and modifications, other variations and modifications are within the scope of the disclosure, e.g., as may be within the skill and knowledge of those in the art, after understanding the present disclosure. It is intended to obtain rights which include alternative embodiments to the extent permitted, including alternate, interchangeable and/or equivalent structures, functions, ranges or steps to those claimed, whether or not such alternate, interchangeable and/or equivalent structures, functions, ranges or steps are disclosed herein, and without intending to publicly dedicate any patentable subject matter.
This application claims the benefits under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) of priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/110,241, filed Jan. 30, 2015, entitled “MODULAR INTRAOCULAR LENS DESIGNS, TOOLS AND METHODS,” which is incorporated herein by reference. This application is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/808,022, filed Jul. 24, 2015, entitled “MODULAR INTRAOCULAR LENS DESIGNS AND METHODS,” which is incorporated herein by reference. This application also is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/610,360, filed Jan. 30, 2015, entitled “MODULAR INTRAOCULAR LENS DESIGNS, TOOLS AND METHODS,” which claims the benefits under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) of priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/941,167, filed Feb. 18, 2014, entitled “MODULAR INTRAOCULAR LENS DESIGNS, TOOLS AND METHODS,” each of which is incorporated herein by reference. This application also is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/969,115, filed Aug. 16, 2013, entitled “MODULAR INTRAOCULAR LENS DESIGNS & METHODS,” which claims the benefits under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) of priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/830,491, filed Jun. 3, 2013, entitled “MODULAR INTRAOCULAR LENS DESIGNS AND METHODS,” each of which is incorporated herein by reference. This application also is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/937,761, filed Jul/ 9, 2013, entitled “MODULAR INTRAOCULAR LENS DESIGNS AND METHODS,” which is incorporated herein by reference. This application also is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/748,207, filed Jan. 23, 2013, entitled “MODULAR INTRAOCULAR LENS DESIGNS & METHODS,” now U.S. Pat. No. 9,095,424, which claims the benefits under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) of priority of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/589,981, filed on Jan. 24, 2012, entitled “LASER ETCHING OF IN SITU INTRAOCULAR LENS AND SUCCESSIVE SECONDARY LENS IMPLANTATION,” and of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/677,213, filed on Jul. 30, 2012, entitled “MODULAR INTRAOCULAR LENS DESIGNS & METHODS,” each of which is incorporated herein by reference.
Number | Date | Country | |
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62110241 | Jan 2015 | US |
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Parent | 15890914 | Feb 2018 | US |
Child | 17854486 | US | |
Parent | 15218658 | Jul 2016 | US |
Child | 15890914 | US | |
Parent | 15150360 | May 2016 | US |
Child | 15218658 | US | |
Parent | 14828083 | Aug 2015 | US |
Child | 15150360 | US |