Patent Application
20100269891
The present invention is directed to interconnectable plastic parts used to construct a framework for providing the structural members of a photovoltaic array.
Commercially available solar energy photovoltaic arrays involve a large number of metallic structural components that need to be grounded.
Erling et al., U.S. Pat. No. 7, 012,188, discloses a system for roof-mounting plastic enclosed photovoltaic modules in residential settings.
Mapes et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6, 617, 507, discloses a system of elongated rails of an extruded resin construction having grooves for holding photovoltaic modules.
Metten et al., U.S. Patent Publication 2007/0157963, discloses a modular system that includes a composite tile made by molding and extrusion processes, a track system for connecting the tiles to a roof, and a wiring system for integrating photovoltaic modules into the track and tile system.
Garvison et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6, 465,724, discloses a multipurpose photovoltaic module framing system which combines and integrates the framing system with the photovoltatic electrical system. Some components of the system can be made of plastic. Ground clips can be directly connected to the framing system.
The present invention fills a need for interconnectable plastic parts from which may be constructed a framework for providing the structural members of a photovoltaic array.
The present invention provides an article comprising an elongated plastic member characterized by a length to diameter (L/D) ratio of at least 10, the member having an exterior and a hollow interior, an electrical conductor having connectable terminations enclosed within the hollow interior, and a plurality of plastic appendages, spaced longitudinally along the exterior, attached thereto and extending away therefrom, the plastic appendages being characterized by a length to diameter ratio of less than 25.
The present invention further provides a method comprising building a framework by forming structural connections between vertical plastic elongated members each having a plurality of plastic appendages, and horizontal plastic elongated members by connectingly engaging the plastic appendages of a first vertical plastic elongated member with the first end of a plurality of horizontal elongated plastic members; and connectingly engaging the plastic appendages of a second vertical plastic elongated member having appendages with the second end of the plurality of horizontal elongated plastic members; wherein the plastic elongated members are characterized by a length to diameter ratio of at least 10, and comprise an exterior and a hollow interior and an electrical conductor having connectable terminations enclosed within the hollow interior; and wherein the plastic appendages are spaced longitudinally along the exterior of each the vertical elongated plastic member, attached thereto and extending away therefrom, the plastic appendages being characterized by a length to diameter ratio of less than 25.
In another aspect, the invention provides a photovoltaic array comprising a framework, and a plurality of photovoltaic modules disposed within the framework and connected both mechanically and electrically thereto, the framework comprising a first plurality of vertical elongated plastic members characterized by an L/D ratio of at least 10, each the member having an exterior and a hollow interior, wherein at least a portion of the vertical elongated plastic members have an electrical conductor having connectable terminations enclosed within the hollow interior; and a second plurality of plastic appendages, spaced longitudinally along the exterior, attached thereto and extending away therefrom, the plastic appendages being characterized by an L/D ratio of less than 25; a third plurality of horizontal elongated plastic members each having a first end and a second end, the horizontal elongated plastic members being characterized by an L/D ratio of at least 10, each the horizontal member having an exterior and a hollow interior, wherein each the horizontal member is connected at a first end with a plastic appendage of a first vertical member, connected at a second end with a plastic appendage of a second vertical member; wherein each the connectable termination is interconnected with either another the connectable termination or with a photovoltaic module to create an electrical circuit; and, an electrical ouput suitable for effecting a connection to an electrical load.
The invention will be more fully understood from the following detailed description taken in connection with the accompanying Figures, which form a part of this application and in which:
A photovoltaic (PV) array illustrating an arrangement of photovoltaic modules positioned to convert sunlight (or other illumination) to electrical power is shown in
Safely handling electrical power levels and voltage levels of that magnitude in outdoor commercial and residential settings using the photovoltaic arrays of the art requires numerous precautions, including the grounding of all exposed metal structural parts; and the protection of all connections from corrosion. In the practice of the present invention, electrical conductors and connectors are contained within the shell of the plastic structural members, or isolated in their own nonconductive housing. In an embodiment, no exposure of connectors to corrosive conditions occurs. The photovoltaic array hereof is characterized in that all of its internal electrical components: including photovoltaic cells, by-pass diodes, internal intraconnections, internal interconnections are encased in and supported by non-conductive frame elements or other non-conductive housing. The photovoltaic array allows the output voltage to be electrically referenced to any arbitrary voltage without compromising safety or system integrity. No electrical grounding is required.
In addition to the benefits in installation cost and safety associated with the photovoltaic array of the invention, there is also a benefit in increased electrical design flexibility over the photovoltaic arrays of the art because the system may be installed under conditions where the reference voltage is well above ground potential—something not possible with systems of the art.
For the purposes of the present invention, a framework is a structure made up of framework elements that are interconnected to form the framework. To make a photovoltaic array, at least a portion of framework elements—and, normally each and every, framework element—hold a photovoltaic module that is mechanically connected thereto. Electrical connectivity may be effected either entirely through the framework elements, or partially through the framework elements, and partially through direct connection between photovoltaic modules.
A photovoltaic module comprises a structural component, a plurality of electrically interconnected photovoltaic cells arranged in a parallel coplanar array with an optically clear protective cover, and a protective backing; the photovoltaic cells being sandwiched and sealed between the cover layer 105tc and the backing layer 105pb, as shown in
Any photocell that absorbs sunlight is suitable for the practice of the invention. A suitable photocell comprises layers of doped and undoped silicon layers, sandwiched between two layers of metal conductors. A suitable photovoltaic cell converts impinging sunlight into electrons and holes, which then migrate to the metal conductors to create an electrical current. There are many types of photocells in the art, single layer, double layer, triple layer, etc., any of which could be used with this invention, if formed together and electrically interconnected to form a power producing photovoltaic module.
Broadly speaking, a photovoltaic cell is a semiconductor electrical junction device which absorbs and converts the radiant energy of sunlight directly into electrical energy. Photovoltaic cells are connected in series and/or parallel to obtain the required values of current and voltage for electric power generation as in the photovoltaic array.
The conversion of sunlight into electrical energy in a solar cell involves absorption of the sunlight in the semiconductor material; generation of electrons and holes therefrom, migration of the electrons and holes to create a voltage, and application of the voltage so generated across a load to create an electric current. The heart of the solar cell is the electrical junction which separates these electrons and holes from one another after they are created by the light. An electrical junction may be formed by the contact of: a metal to a semiconductor (this junction is called a Schottky barrier); a liquid to a semiconductor to form a photo-electrochemical cell; or two semiconductor regions (called a pn junction). The pn junction is most common in solar cells.
Crystalline silicon and gallium arsenide are typical choices of materials for photovoltaic cells. Using means well-known in the art, dopants are introduced into the pure compounds, and metallic conductors are deposited onto each surface: a thin grid on the sun-facing side and usually a flat sheet on the other. Typically, photovoltaic cells are made from silicon boules, polycrystalline structures that have the atomic structure of a single crystal. The pure silicon is then doped with phosphorous and boron to produce an excess of electrons in one region and a deficiency of electrons in another region to make a semiconductor capable of conducting electricity.
Photovoltaic modules suitable for the practice of the present invention are available commercially from a number of manufacturers, including Evergreen Solar, Inc, Marlboro, Mass.; Solarworld California, Camarillo, Calif., and Mitsubishi Electric Co., New York, N.Y.
Electrical contacts must be very thin in the front so as not to block sunlight to the cell. Metals such as palladium/silver, nickel, or copper are image-wise deposited onto the surface typically by vacuum-deposition using any method in the art wherein the part of the cell on which a contact is not desired is protected, while the rest of the cell is exposed to the metal. After the contacts are in place, thin strips (fingers) are placed between cells. The most commonly used strips are tin-coated copper.
To reduce the amount of sunlight reflected, an anti-reflective coating is typically applied to the silicon wafer. Typical coatings are of sputter deposited or vacuum deposited TiO2 or SiO2.
The solar panel or photovoltaic module is constructed by first encapsulating the individual semiconductor cells in a protective material of either silicon rubber or butyryl plastic bonded around the cells. An array of the encapsulated cells are then embedded in ethylene vinyl acetate sheeting material. Normally a plastic film such as Mylar® Polyester, Tedlar® PVF, or a laminate of the two, is used as a protective backing film. Typically a glass cover is employed atop the cell array.
Depending on construction the photovoltaic cell can cover a range of frequencies of light and can produce electricity from them, but cannot cover the entire solar spectrum. Hence much of incident sunlight energy is wasted when used for solar panels. Some more advanced multispectrum photovoltaic arrays have several different cells tuned to different frequency ranges. This can raise the solar efficiency by several times, but can be far more expensive to produce. Both single junction and multi-junction, such as triple junction, solar cells are known in the art (see, for example, Garvison et al, op.cit.) and are useful in the photovoltaic array.
The term plastic encompasses organic polymers that can be thermoplastic or thermoset. Suitable organic polymers are rigid solids up to 90° C. “Plastic” encompasses unreinforced polymers, filled polymers, short fiber reinforced polymers, long-fiber reinforced polymers, continuous-fiber reinforced polymers (also known as “composites”), any suitable electrically non-conductive reinforcing fiber can be used in a polymer or combinations of the above. Composites are engineered materials made from two or more constituent materials with significantly different physical or chemical properties and remain separate and distinct within the finished structure.
Any of the plastic compositions may further comprise such additives as are commonly employed in the art of Engineering Polymers, including inorganic fillers, ultra-violet absorbers, plasticizers, anti oxidants, flame retardants, pigmentation and so forth.
The present invention is directed to conveniently designed modular components with which to assemble a photovoltaic array of arbitrary size, the method for so assembling the components, and the resulting photovolatic array.
Accordingly, in one aspect, the present invention provides an article comprising an elongated plastic member characterized by a length to diameter ratio of at least 10, the member having an exterior and a hollow interior, an electrical conductor having connectable terminations enclosed within the hollow interior, and a plurality of plastic appendages, spaced longitudinally along the exterior, attached thereto and extending away therefrom, the plastic appendages being characterized by a length to diameter ratio of less than 25. Several related embodiments of the present invention are shown in detail in
In another aspect, the present invention provides a method comprising building a framework by forming structural connections between vertical plastic elongated members each having a plurality of plastic appendages, and horizontal plastic elongated members by connectingly engaging the plastic appendages of a first vertical plastic elongated member with the first end of a plurality of horizontal elongated plastic members; and connectingly engaging the plastic appendages of a second vertical plastic elongated member having appendages with the second end of the plurality of horizontal plastic elongated members; wherein the plastic elongated members are characterized by a length to diameter ratio of at least 10, and comprise an exterior and a hollow interior and wherein at least a portion of the elongated plastic members have an electrical conductor having connectable terminations enclosed within the hollow interior; and wherein the plastic appendages are spaced longitudinally along the exterior of each the vertical plastic elongated member, attached thereto and extending away therefrom, the plastic appendages being characterized by a length to diameter ratio of less than 25.
For the purposes of the present invention the terms vertical and horizontal are employed to distinguish between the two classes of elongated plastic members that are arranged approximately orthogonally to one another to form the framework, as illustrated in the figures. In the most common embodiment envisioned herein, as depicted in the figures, the so-called vertical members will indeed have an actual vertical component, and the so-called horizontal members will actually be oriented horizontally, and at an approximate right angle to the so-called vertical members. However, the terms vertical and horizontal as employed herein shall be understood simply to identify the two distinctly different types of elements from which the framework is built. As used herein, the terms vertical and horizontal shall be understood to refer only to the intended relative orientation of one part to another upon construction of the photovoltaic array according to the method. The terms vertical and horizontal shall be understood to be unrelated to the actual orientation in space of the element referred to at any given time.
There is no particular requirement concerning the geometry of the plastic elongated members. However, the plastic elongated members define a longitudinal direction and a cross-sectional area orthogonal to the longitudinal direction. The dimension along the longitudinal direction shall herein be termed the length.
The cross-sectional shape can be arbitrary. The operability of the invention does not depend upon cross-sectional shape. A square cross-section is convenient for manufacturing purposes as well as for optimum mechanical properties associated with the structural support function of the elongated members. For the purposes of the present invention, the cross-sectional diameter, referred to herein simply as the diameter, for a non-circular cross-section is defined as the diameter of a circle of the same cross-sectional area. The vertical plastic elongated member is characterized by a length to diameter (L/D) ratio of at least 10. In one embodiment, the L/D ratio of the vertical plastic elongated member will be at least 20. In a further embodiment, the L/D ratio of the vertical plastic elongated member will be at least 50. In a still further embodiment the L/D ratio of the vertical plastic elongated member will be at least 100. The L/D ratio of the horizontal plastic elongated member will be at least 10. In one embodiment the L/D ratio of the horizontal plastic elongated member will be at least 20. In a further embodiment the L/D ratio of the horizontal plastic elongated member will be at least 50.
In one embodiment, in a structure as illustrated in FIG. 2A, an array is designed to hold a 5×6 array of photovoltaic modules, the vertical plastic elongated members will have an L/D ratio of about 160 while the horizontal plastic elongated members will have an L/D ratio of about 50 when the cross-section of the plastic elongated member is a 2 in×2 in square.
In a typical embodiment, the actual length of the horizontal plastic elongated member will not be as great as that of the vertical plastic elongated member.
In another aspect, the invention provides a photovoltaic array comprising a framework, and a plurality of photovoltaic modules disposed within the framework and connected thereto, the framework comprising a first plurality of vertical elongated plastic members characterized by an L/D ratio of at least 10, each the member having an exterior and a hollow interior, wherein at least a portion of the vertical elongated members have an electrical conductor having connectable terminations enclosed within the hollow interior; and a second plurality of plastic appendages, spaced longitudinally along the exterior, attached thereto and extending away therefrom, the plastic appendages being characterized by an L/D ratio of less than 25; a third plurality of horizontal elongated plastic members each having a first end and a second end, the horizontal elongated plastic members being characterized by an L/D ratio of at least 10, each the horizontal member having an exterior and a hollow interior; wherein each the horizontal member is connected at a first end with a plastic appendage of a first vertical member, and connected at a second end with a plastic appendage of a second vertical member; wherein the connectable electrical terminations are interconnected with one another and with the photovoltaic modules to create an electrical circuit; and, a means for supplying the output of the photovoltaic array to an electrical load.
The plastic structural members constitute the entire exterior surface of the framework. In one embodiment, the photovoltaic module is itself provided with plastic structural members. In another embodiment, the photovoltaic module has metallic structural members, necessitating that the metallic parts that would otherwise be exposed be subject to encapsulation in plastic. Any means for encapsulating in plastic is satisfactory, including, but not limited to, coatings, extrusions, laminations, bonding, cladding, with the proviso that the encapsulation be weather-tight.
The electrical conductors can be in any convenient form such as but not limited to electrical wires, conductive strips, printed circuits and the like. Mechanical connections between framework elements are preferably made of plastic, and are of the snap-together variety. Mechanical connections are preferably reversible to make replacement of damaged parts easy. Suitable mechanical connections include, but are not limited to: snap-together, spring-loaded, quarter-turn, bayonette, interlocking, and quick connect—disconnect assemblies such as those used in the discrete-part manufacturing industry.
Electrical connections between framework elements and between framework elements and photovoltaic modules disposed therewithin may conveniently be effected using conventional high voltage connectors wherein the male connector is located on one component, disposed to mate with the female component disposed on the component to which it is to be connected. Suitable connectors are preferably approved for photovoltaic applications by organizations such as UL and TUV.
According to the invention, each photovoltaic module is disposed in and connected to a framework element. The photovoltaic module is provided with both mechanical and electrical connectors compatible with complementary connectors provided in one embodiment in the framework element to which it is connected, and in another photovoltaic module in another embodiment. Suitable mechanical connections provided in the photovoltaic module include a frame that snaps into a receiving track on the framework element, pass through holes in a frame on the photovoltaic module for mounting to the framework element. In the case where pass-through holes are employed, the mounting screws and mating fasteners, such as threaded standoffs, rivets, inserts or nuts, are either insulated or isolated from the framework elements, made of plastic, coated with an insulating surface, capped with an insulating cover or combinations thereof.
In one embodiment, the photovoltaic module is provided with output conductors that are connected to a junction box mounted on the back of the photovoltaic module that in turn provides high voltage output wires having weather-tight connectors at the end, as depicted in
In another embodiment the output high voltage wires such as those present in current commercial offerings are replaced by high voltage connectors mounted right on the junction box, and inserted directly into complementary connectors mounted on the framework element, as depicted in
In another embodiment, the photovoltaic module has no external wires. Instead the output wires are run within the panel frame to connectors that are coincident with through-holes in the frame that match up to mounting posts on the framework element, thereby achieving both mechanical securing and electrical connection at the same time, as shown in
The framework comprising a plurality of framework elements is provided with structural members that require no grounding and completely enclose all electrical conductors and connections with the exception of those connections that are themselves separately housed in a non-conductive housing. The structural members consist essentially of plastic. The selection of specific types of plastic suitable for use herein depends greatly upon the type of application and the location. For example, a rooftop installation where plastic members are secured to roof rafters may permit the use of non-reinforced engineering plastics, either thermoplastic or thermoset. On the other hand, commercial installations, involving flat roofs, or ground based arrays, are typically elevated at an angle of about 15-40° depending upon the latitude and the time of year. In such applications, the framework needs to be self-supporting over a wide range of conditions. In that case, unreinforced plastics may be unsuitable due to inadequate mechanical strength in hot desert environments, excessive long-term creep, or loss of physical properties due to UV degradation, but reinforced plastics will be suitable, including short-fiber reinforced polymers, long-fiber reinforced polymers, and continuous fiber reinforced polymers.
The term “short fiber reinforced polymer” is a term found in the art referring to a blend of a polymer and a reinforcing fiber characterized by a length of less than about 5 mm, wherein the fiber is dispersed with a continuous matrix of the polymer. The term “long fiber reinforced polymer’ is a term of art referring to a blend of a polymer and a reinforcing fiber characterized by a length of about >5 mm-50 mm, wherein the fiber is dispersed with a continuous matrix of the polymer. Continuous fiber reinforced polymers are also known as composite materials. Continuous fiber reinforced polymers generally involve fibers that are comparable in length to the article into which they have been incorporated.
Short and long fiber reinforced polymers may be prepared by extrusion blending, and fabricated by injection molding. Continuous fiber reinforced polymers must be prepared by yarn coating, polymer infusion into yarn bundles and the like. Fabrication may involve vacuum molding, pultrusion and such other methods that have been developed in the art for shaping of composite materials.
Suitable reinforcing fibers include glass fibers, polyaramid fibers, ceramic fibers, and other non-electrically conductive fibers that retain their distinctive fiber properties during processing and fabrication. Fiber reinforced polymers are extremely well-known in the art. Detailed descriptions of compositions, preparation, fabrication, and properties may be found in Garbassi et al. J. Poly. Sci. and Tech., DOI 10.1002/0471440264.pst406, and Goldsworthy et al., J. Poly. Sci. and Tech., DOI 10.1002/0471440264.pst074.
In terms of the choice of polymers, in a bone dry climate such as a desert, nylon polyamide may offer a desirable combination of properties. In a temperate climate, periods of rain and high humidity will render the nylon subject to dimensional instabiliity and hydrolysis. For many purposes, pultruded square cross-section hollow long-fiber reinforced polyethylene terephthalate resin is found in the practice of the invention to be highly satisfactory and cost effective.
Suitable plastics need to exhibit dimensional stability when subject to continuous operating temperatures as high as 90-120° C.. Many plastics, such as polyolefins, soften at temperatures below that temperature. Softening is unacceptable both from the standpoint of maintaining coplanarity of the photovoltaic modules and the photovoltaic cells of which they are composed, and of flexural, shear, and torsional resistance. Plastics suitable for the practice of the invention include but are not limited to polyamides, such as nylons, polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, poly ether ketones, including PEK, PEEK, PEKK and the like; polyamideimides, epoxies, and polyimides. Rynite® PET glass-fiber reinforced plastic available from DuPont is satisfactory for most embodiments.
In a typical application contemplated, a residential, roof-top solar array will generate about 200 volts and up to 10,000 watts of power; a commercial, roof-top solar array will generate about 1000 volts and up to 100,000 watts of power; and a residential, commercial, or industrial solar farm could generate 1000 volts and up to megawatts of power.
While the output of the photovoltaic array can be directly connected to an electrical load, it is anticipated that in general the output will be processed in a number of ways to make it more useful. In a typical application the direct current (DC) output of the photovoltaic array will be directed to a DC to AC power inverter and thence to a transformer either for conditioning for long distance high voltage power transmission, or for low voltage local power use.
The output of the photovoltaic array can be delivered by hardwiring an output cable to an external electric component such as a power inverter, to convert the high voltage DC generated by the photovoltaic cells to the applicable utility grid voltage, frequency and cycles (120 vAC-60 hz-1 phase or 480 vAC-60 hz-3 phase in the USA). Alternatively, the array can be provided with a high voltage output disconnect that connects to the external cable. Alternatively, the output of the photovoltaic array could be used to charge electrical storage devices,
In the practice of solar electrical energy generation, it is found that the array is most effective when positioned to receive the maximum amount of sunlight. At temperature latitudes, the array is maintained at an angle in the range of 15 to 40° with respect to the horizontal. It is preferable to adjust the angle from time to time as the angle of the sun in the sky changes with the seasons.
In one embodiment, all electrical connections and wiring for the entire array are buried in the structure. In an alternative embodiment, all electrical connections and wiring for the entire array are buried in the structure with the exception of weather-tight high voltage connections between the photovoltaic module and the framework element with which it is associated. In both embodiments, grounding connections are unnecessary because there is nothing to ground.
In those embodiments wherein all electrical connections and wiring for the entire array are buried in the structure, electrical connections are made as the array is mechanically assembled. In those embodiments where junction boxes and weather-tight high voltage cables are employed, some wiring in-the-field continues to be necessary.
In one embodiment, the output cables from the junction box are eliminated and weather-tight high voltage connectors are mounted directly on the junction box and the box is located so that the connector snap into connection with the framework element as the photovoltaic module is being installed into the framework element.
In an alternative embodiment, the junction box is eliminated altogether and the wiring of the photovoltaic module resides entirely inside the photovoltaic module structure. In this embodiment, the electrical and mechanical connection can be combined into a single part allowing the simultaneous connection of the panel electrically and mechanically.
These and other embodiments are depicted in
Numerous other embodiments are envisioned to fall within the invention. These include but are not limited to installations on flat roofs and on the ground. Additional embodiments include but are not limited to those wherein each framework element is individually constructed, and then snapped together in the field to form the array.
One embodiment that can be constructed from those depicted in the figures is an embodiment in which all electrical conductors and connections are fully contained within the framework.
Referring to
In one embodiment, the internal wiring harnesses employed herein can be formed as follows, although the invention is not limited to any particular method for forming the structural members: The spacers 306, as shown in FIG. 3B2, are slid onto a 15-20 foot length of a preferably circular cross-section, preferably perforated, non-conductive rigid tube 304, preferably plastic, to predetermined points along the tubing, to be prepositioned where the electrical connections are to be made to the photovoltaic modules The spacers are then permanently affixed by any suitable means including but not limited to thermal, solvent, or adhesive bonding. Next, the electrically conductive interconnect wires, 303 and 305 are formed to shape dictated by the specific wiring scheme for each specific application. Shaping may be, but need not be, effected by bending over tooling on a bench before snapping them into place on the prepositioned spacers 306.
As shown in
This internal wiring harness eliminates the need for interconnect wiring between photovoltaic modules in the field, if photovoltaic modules with an internal connector design are installed. One embodiment is shown in
Referring to
In the embodiment depicted in
The internal wiring harness in cross member 205 eliminates the need for some of the interconnect wiring between photovoltaic modules during installation on a rooftop. Since the wiring is present in the cross members 205, all that is necessary during installation is to connect the framework elements mechanically and the wiring is concomitantly connected.
In the embodiment shown in
The plastic interconnects, 202 can for example be manufactured from appropriately sized tubing in the form of a hollow rectangular prism, cut to length and bonded to the end or intermediate members. Alternatively, the plastic interconnects can be injection molded. Any method of bonding known in the art is satisfactory including mechanical fastening, gluing; thermal bonding; dielectrical bonding; or ultrasonical bonding. The end and intermediate members can also be manufactured with integral interconnects by injection molding or compression molding.
One alternative for achieving firm, positive connection that is also reversible is to employ spring fingers 250 (shown in
The magnified section illustrated in
Magnified sections found in
In the embodiment depicted in
In the practice of the invention, the framework elements are both electrically and mechanically connected to form an integrated photovoltaic array. All the array wiring and interconnections can be performed at a remote location prior to installation on site. In the embodiment depicted in
Numerous wiring configurations can be employed in forming the photovoltaic array.
In an alternative embodiment,
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application 61/015839 filed Dec. 21, 2007, which is herein incorporated by reference.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US08/87890 | 12/22/2008 | WO | 00 | 7/9/2010 |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61015839 | Dec 2007 | US |
