Patent Grant
10942169
This application is based upon and claims the benefit of priority from Japanese Patent Application No. 2017-226216 filed on Nov. 24, 2017; the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
The invention relates to a moisture detection element, an exhaled gas detection device, an exhaled air inspection system, and a dew condensation removal method that are used for measuring exhaled air.
Along with the development of the driving automation of an automobile, it becomes indispensable to check whether a driver is under the influence of alcohol or not, and to detect the condition of the driver and the like when the driving by the driver is switched from automatic driving to manual driving or vice versa.
A conventional alcohol inspection device is used in such a way that the alcohol device introduces the exhaled air of a person being tested, and measures the alcohol concentration included in the exhaled air. This alcohol inspection device does not have a function to judge whether the exhaled air is air exhaled by a person or not, and therefore there is a possibility that deceiving or the like is made by inspiring the ambient air instead of the air exhaled by the person.
In order to prevent such deceiving, it is necessary to inspect whether the air introduced into an alcohol inspection device is air exhaled by a person being tested or not. Because vapor in the exhaled air of a person is different from that in the ambient air and it is in a saturated state, the vapor amount of air introduced into an alcohol inspection device is measured. In other words, by measuring moisture, it can be judged whether the introduced air is air exhaled by a person being tested or not, so that deceiving can be prevented from occurring.
In addition, in the practical applications of such a technology, it becomes important to secure the robustness of the device against the environment of the device, and it becomes necessary to take measures to reduce the failure rate of the device and the like.
In a conventional alcohol inspection device, the flow amount of introduced air is measured or the detection of oxygen gas is executed in order to judge whether the air introduced into the alcohol inspection device is air exhaled by a person or not.
For example, an alcohol detection device is disclosed in Patent Literature 1 (Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2011-53049). This Patent Literature 1 discloses that “an alcohol detection device 101 having a combined gas sensor, the alcohol detection device 101 including a fan 6 disposed on the upstream side of the body 7 thereof, and a temperature sensor 9, a humidity sensor 11, an alcohol detection sensor 12, and an oxygen sensor 13 disposed on the downstream side of the body 7 thereof in this order, in which the alcohol detection device 101 is configured in such a way that the temperature sensor 9 and the humidity sensor 11 are not influenced by heats generated by the alcohol detection sensor 12 and the oxygen sensor 13 (Refer to Abstract disclosed in Patent Literature 1).
Here, the humidity sensor included in the alcohol detection device disclosed in Patent Literature 1 is installed to constantly monitor the variation of the amount of moisture in the air that may influence the alcohol sensor. Furthermore, a capacitance variation type humidity sensor (that is a sensor for sensing the variations of the conductivity and electrostatic capacitance of a sensor element) is used as the humidity sensor included in the alcohol detection device disclosed in Patent Literature 1. Therefore, the alcohol detection device disclosed in Patent Literature 1 is not a device installed for judging whether introduced air is the exhaled air of a person or not by detecting saturated vapor.
In addition, because the alcohol detection device disclosed in Patent Literature 1 includes a fan, it cannot be downsized, so that it is not suitable for being given mobility. Furthermore, because the alcohol detection device disclosed in Patent Literature 1 does not detect saturated vapor, it does not have sufficient capability to check whether introduced air is the exhaled air of a person being tested or not.
In addition, if it is tried to achieve the portability of an alcohol inspection device by making the alcohol inspection device a downsized and low power consumption type device, it becomes necessary to use micropattern electrodes, which leads to the occurrence of sensor errors due to dust in the air. Furthermore, as for the sensor errors due to dust, although the details will be described later, the sensor errors due to dust can be prevented from occurring by making a distance between a voltage-applied electrode and a detection electrode larger. However, as the distance between the voltage-applied electrode and the detection electrode becomes larger, the sensitivity of moisture detection is more lowered.
In addition, if a heater layer is introduced as an anti-dew concentration measure, the process cost is increased due to this newly-needed heater layer
The invention has been achieved with such a background in mind, and the invention has a problem regarding how to enhance the robustness of a moisture detection element used for realizing an exhaled air recognition function.
A first aspect of the invention for solving the above-mentioned problem includes: an insulating portion composed of an insulating material; a voltage-applied portion to which a voltage is applied; an output portion configured to output a voltage signal corresponding to a current flowing through an electric path including water molecules adhering to the surface of the insulating portion in accordance with the voltage applied to the voltage-applied portion; and a conductive portion that is conductive and electrically insulated from the voltage-applied portion and the output portion. The voltage-applied portion, the output portion, and the conductive portion are disposed on the insulating portion.
Furthermore, a second aspect of the invention includes: an insulating portion composed of an insulating material; a voltage-applied portion to which a voltage is applied; and an output portion configured to output a voltage signal corresponding to a current flowing through an electric path including water molecules adhering to the surface of the insulating portion in accordance with the voltage applied to the voltage-applied portion. If a potential between the voltage-applied portion and the output portion is equal to a predefined value or more before exhaled air is introduced, a DC current is applied to the voltage-applied portion.
Other aspects for solving the above problem will be explained accordingly along with the description of the following embodiment.
According to the aspects of the invention, the robustness of a moisture detection element used for realizing an exhaled air recognition function can be enhanced.
Next, a configuration for realizing the invention (hereinafter, referred to as the embodiment) will be explained in detail accordingly with reference to the accompanying drawings.
“Moisture Detection Element 1”
(Structure of Moisture Detection Element 1)
As shown in
The voltage-applied electrode 2 is an electrode to which an AC voltage vi is applied by the power supply 5.
The detection electrode 3 is an electrode for detecting an (AC) output voltage (a voltage signal) vo at the time of detecting moisture.
The insulating portion 4 is composed of a hydrophilic insulating substrate, and to put it concretely, the insulating portion 4 is composed of an insulating metal oxide or the like, and at least the surface of the insulating portion 4 is composed of an oxide. Here, it is not always necessary that the shape of the insulating portion 4 is a substrate type shape.
In addition, as shown in
Furthermore, the conductive films (conductive portions) 6 that are films having conductivity are disposed between the voltage-applied electrode 2 and the detection electrode 3. The conductive films 6 are electrically connected to neither voltage-applied electrode 2 nor detection electrode 3. In other words, the conductive films 6 are electrically insulated from (independent of) the voltage-applied electrode 2 and the detection electrode 3.
For example, the object of the electrostatic capacitance type humidity sensor disclosed in Patent Literature 1 is to measure humidity in the air.
On the other hand, the object of the moisture detection element 1 according to the present embodiment is to detect high-humidity exhaled air (in an almost saturated state). Therefore, the object of the moisture detection element 1 according to the present embodiment is not to detect the amount of moisture in the air, and the moisture detection element 1 has only to be able to detect high-humidity air (exhaled air).
(Principle of Moisture Detection)
In addition, the configurations shown in
As shown in
On the other hand, as shown in
As mentioned above, because water molecules 11 included in exhaled air adheres to the insulating portion 4, conduction occurs via the water molecules 11 and the conductive films 6. Consequently, the output voltage vo is detected at the detection electrode 3. Therefore, the moisture detection element 1 according to the present embodiment has only to include the insulating portion 4 the area of which is large enough for the adhesion of water molecules 11, which leads to the downsizing of the moisture detection element 1.
Furthermore, while the output voltage vo is nearly zero before moisture (water molecules 11) adheres to the insulating portion 4, the output voltage vo becomes (theoretically) almost equal to the AC voltage vi after moisture (water molecules 11) adheres to the insulating portion. As a result, an excellent S/N (Signal/Noise) ratio can be achieved.
In addition, the surface of the insulating portion 4 has a concavo-convex structure as shown in
Furthermore, as for the structure of the insulating portion 4, at least the surface of the insulating portion 4 is composed of a highly hydrophilic oxide, so that moisture can easily adhere to the surface. Here, a highly hydrophilic oxide is an insulating metal oxide, that is to say, an oxide on the surface of which oxygen atoms can be disposed.
Hereinafter, a relationship between a distance between electrodes and the occurrence frequency of errors due to the adherence of dust will be explained with reference to
Here, the distance between the electrodes is a distance between the voltage-applied electrode 2 and the detection electrode 3. In addition, results shown in
As shown in
The above results are acquired because almost all the sizes of dust particles in the air are equal to 20 μm or less.
However, if the distance between the voltage-applied electrode 2 and the detection electrode 3 becomes larger, the amount of moisture residing between the voltage-applied electrode 2 and the detection electrode 3 becomes larger, and therefore the sensitivity of the moisture detection element is lowered. In other words, if the distance between the voltage-applied electrode 2 and the detection electrode 3 becomes larger, a larger amount of moisture is needed in order for conduction between the voltage-applied electrode 2 and the detection electrode 3 to be established, and therefore the sensitivity of the moisture detection element is lowered.
On the other hand, if the distance between the voltage-applied electrode 2 and the detection electrode 3 becomes smaller, conduction between the voltage-applied electrode 2 and the detection electrode 3 can be established via a small amount of moisture, and therefore the sensitivity of the moisture detection element is improved. However, because dust helps conduction to more easily occur, the probability of the occurrence of errors gets larger. In other words, there is a tradeoff relationship between the sensitivity and the occurrence of errors due to dust.
Therefore, in the present embodiment, as shown in
Due to such a disposition of the conductive films 6, an area to which moisture adheres becomes small, and conduction between the voltage-applied electrode 2 and the detection electrode 3 can be established even if a small amount of moisture adheres to the area. In addition, because the conductive films 6 are insulated from the voltage-applied electrode 2 and the detection electrode 3, even if dust accumulates on the conductive films 6, the dust does not help conduction between the voltage-applied electrode 2 and the detection electrode 3 to occur.
In other words, with the use of the moisture detection element 1 shown in
“a” shown in
As long as the distance “a” is equal to 20 μm or larger, a distance “b” that is a distance between a conductive film 6 and the voltage-applied electrode 2 and a distance “b” between a conductive film 6 and the detection electrode 3 can take an arbitrary value. However, as the distance “b” that is a distance between the conductive film 6 and the voltage-applied electrode 2 and a distance “b” between the conductive film 6 and the detection electrode 3 becomes smaller, the sensitivity becomes better. Therefore, from the viewpoint of the manufacturing cost of the moisture detection element 1, it is desirable that the distance between the conductive film 6 and the voltage-applied electrode 2 and the distance between the conductive film 6 and the detection electrode 3 should be made as short as possible.
Here, the distance between the electrodes is the inter-electrode distance “a” shown in
In the case of the moisture detection element without the conductive films 6, if the inter-electrode distance is 10 μm, the output voltage vo of 2.8 V is acquired, while the output voltage vo becomes smaller as the inter-electrode distance becomes larger in such a way that the inter-electrode distance 15 μm corresponds to the output voltage 2.5V and the inter-electrode distance 20 μm corresponds to the output voltage 2.2 V. Although conduction is established between the voltage-applied electrode 2 and the detection electrode 3, the output voltage vo decreases as the inter-electrode distance increases. This is because a resistance due to the water molecules 11 becomes larger as the inter-electrode distance becomes larger.
On the other hand, in the case of the moisture detection element 1 with the conductive films 6, the output voltage vo 2.8 V can be acquired when the inter-electrode distance is 20 μm. Sensitivity in this case is equivalent to the sensitivity in the case of the moisture detection element without the conductive films 6 and the inter-electrode distance being 10 μm. However, in the case of the moisture detection element 1 with the conductive films 6, the value of “b” shown in
As described above, in the moisture detection element 1 according to the present embodiment, errors due to dust is prevented from occurring, and at the same time, the sensitivity of the moisture detection element 1 can be kept good. In other words, the robustness of the moisture detection element 1 is enhanced. Furthermore, because the moisture detection element 1 shown in
(Modification)
The moisture detection element 1 that has been described so far includes the voltage-applied electrode 2 and the detection electrode 3 that are comb-teeth shaped as shown in
However, as long as the conductive films 6 are disposed between the voltage-applied electrode 2 and the detection electrode 3 in a state of being electrically insulated from the voltage-applied electrode 2 and the detection electrode 3, the arrangement of the components of the moisture detection element 1 is not limited to that shown in
First, in a moisture detection element 1a shown in
Next, in a moisture detection element 1b shown in
In addition, conductive films 6c (6) shown in a moisture detection element 1c shown in
Furthermore, conductive films 6d (6) shown in a moisture detection element 1d shown in
Next, in a moisture detection element 1e shown in
Here, the moisture detection element 1c shown in
Similarly, the moisture detection element 1d shown in
In the cases of the moisture detection element 1b shown in
Here, in the moisture detection element 1 according to the present embodiment, as shown in
“Dew Condensation Removal”
Because
A state of dew condensation in this case is a state in which, as shown in
In such a case, a potential difference between a DC voltage Vi applied to the voltage-applied electrode 2 and an output voltage Vo is small. The output voltage Vo is a DC voltage. In the case where the potential difference between the DC voltage Vi and the output voltage Vo is small before exhaled air is introduced, the power supply 5 applies a constant DC current to the voltage-applied electrode 2 (refer to a bold arrow in
With the use of the above-mentioned way, a DC current flows through the water molecules 11 and the conductive film 6, so that the water molecules 11 are vaporized by Joule heat generated at this time. As a result, dew condensation can be removed. In other words, a path through the water molecules 11 is considered as a current channel, and by flowing the DC current through this path, the water molecules 11 are vaporized by Joule heat caused by the resistance of the water molecules 11. With this, an influence caused by dew condensation can be removed, so that the robustness of the moisture detection element 1 can be improved.
Here, this dew condensation removal method is also effective for a moisture detection element 1z that does not include conductive films 6 as shown in
Because a dew condensation removal method regarding the moisture detection element 1z that does not include conductive films 6 is similar to that shown in
(Example of Humidity Sensor T in Comparative Example)
Next, an example of a humidity sensor T in a comparative example will be explained with reference to
Here, parts of
Furthermore, in descriptions about
As shown in
As shown in
The lower electrode 24 and the upper electrode 26 detect the electrostatic capacitance of the humidity sensitive member 25, and these electrodes are electrically connected to the output portion 29 that outputs a voltage signal the level of which corresponds to the detected electrostatic capacitance. The heater 22 is electrically connected to the heater control unit 28.
The heater 22 is formed of, for example, a polysilicon thin film on the surface 21a of the substrate. The insulating film 23 made of silicon oxide is formed, for example, using a plasma CVD method so as to cover the upper surface of the heater 22.
In addition, four pads 21p to 21s are formed respectively at four corners of the back surface of the after-mentioned upper electrode 26 on the outside of the heater 22 above the surface 21a of the substrate.
A bump 20 made of a soldier ball is formed on each of the pads 21p to 21s.
The lower electrode 24 is formed in a thin-film shape by attaching aluminum to the upper surface of this insulating film 23 to make the thin film have a predefined shape (a concertina shape in this comparative example) using a vacuum evaporation method or the like. The lower electrode 24 is electrically connected to the output portion 29 via the bump 20q.
The humidity sensitive member 25, the capacitance of which is varied according to humidity, is formed so as to cover this lower electrode 24.
The upper electrode 26 is installed on the upper surface of the humidity sensitive member 25, which is configured to allow moisture to pass therethrough, in such a way that the upper electrode 26 has contact with the humidity sensitive member 25. The upper electrode 26 is electrically connected to the output portion 29 via the bump 20s. Furthermore, each of the bump 20r and the bump 20s has a predefined space from the lower electrode 24.
Even in the case where the sensor characteristic is varied due to dew condensation adhering to the humidity detection unit 30 or the like, the original sensor characteristic can be recovered by removing moisture using heat generated by the heater 22 on the substrate 21.
However, as shown in
In addition, as shown in
On the other hand, because the dew condensation removal method according to the present embodiment shown in
“Exhaled Air Sensor 100”
Next, an exhaled air sensor 100 using the moisture detection element 1 will be explained.
(Planar Arrangement Structure)
In an exhaled air sensor (an exhaled gas detection device) 100a (100) having the planar arrangement structure shown in
The gas sensors 101 disposed in the periphery of the moisture detection element 1 are a gas sensor 101c for alcohol, a gas sensor 101d for acetaldehyde, a gas sensor 101f for hydrogen, and the like. Here, although the alcohol includes various agents, the case of the alcohol being ethanol will be explained as an example in the present embodiment.
Incidentally, the gas sensor 101c for alcohol (ethanol) is used for detecting the presence or absence of alcohol drinking (whether there is alcohol in the exhaled air of a person being tested or not), or the like. Furthermore, the gas sensor 101d for acetaldehyde is used for detecting whether there is a metabolite of alcohol causing drunken sickness or not, and the gas sensor 101f for hydrogen is used for detecting whether there is the activity of the digestive system or not. Here, whether there is something or not is judged from whether the content of something in exhaled air is equal to or more than a predefined amount or not.
Here, the moisture detection element 1, the gas sensors 101c, 101d, and 101f not always have to be arranged as shown in
In the exhaled air sensor (gas detection device) 100b (100) having a planar arrangement structure shown in
The gas sensors 101 disposed in the periphery of the moisture detection element 1 are a gas sensor 101a for carbon monoxide, a gas sensor 101b for nitrogen monoxide, a gas sensor 101c for alcohol, a gas sensor 101d for acetaldehyde, a gas sensor 101e for acetone, a gas sensor 101f for hydrogen, and the like. Here, although the alcohol includes various agents, the case of the alcohol being ethanol will be explained as an example in the present embodiment.
Here, the moisture detection element 1, the gas sensors 101a to 101f not always have to be arranged as shown in
Incidentally, the gas sensor 101a for carbon monoxide is used for detecting the presence or absence of smoking, the gas sensor 101b for nitrogen monoxide is used for detecting whether there is the inflammation of a respiratory system such as pneumonia, and the gas sensor 101e for acetone is used for detecting the presence or absence of diabetes. Here, whether there is something or not is judged from whether the content of something in exhaled air is equal to or more than a predefined amount or not.
Although the exhaled air sensor 100b is configured to include six types of gas sensors 101 in
With the use of the exhaled air sensors 100a and 100b shown in
“Example of Package 200”
Next, an example of a package 200 of the exhaled air sensor 100 according to the present embodiment will be explained with reference to
The package 200a includes a boxy body unit 201 and a lid unit 202. The exhaled sensor 100 is disposed inside of the body unit 201 made of ceramic. In addition, the body unit 201 includes an outer voltage-applied electrode 211 and an outer detection electrode 212 outside of the body unit 201 itself. Furthermore, the body unit 201 includes an inner voltage-applied electrode 221 and an inner detection electrode 222 inside of the body unit 201 itself. The outer voltage-applied electrode 211 and the inner voltage-applied electrode 221 are connected to each other via in-body wiring 231 embedded in the body unit 201. Similarly the outer detection electrode 212 and the inner detection electrode 222 are connected to each other via the in-body wiring 231 embedded in the body unit 201.
In addition, the inner voltage-applied electrode 221 is connected to the voltage-applied electrode 2 of the moisture detection element 1 (refer to
Furthermore, meshes are provided to the lid unit 202, and the meshes prevent dust and the like that exist outside of the package 200a from adhering to the moisture detection element 1. Thanks to such meshes provided to the lid unit 202, it becomes possible to prevent dust from adhering to the moisture detection element 1, and therefore the number of errors generated due to dust is more reduced.
The package 200b includes a boxy body unit 201b and a lid unit 202. The body unit 201b further includes a sidewall unit 203 and a bottom unit 204. Both sidewall unit 203 and bottom unit 204 are made of ceramic. Here, as shown in
An exhaled air sensor 100 is installed in such a way that it is mounted on the bottom unit 204. In addition, the sidewall unit 203 includes an outside voltage-applied electrode 211 and an outside detection electrode 212 outside of the sidewall unit 203 itself. Furthermore, the sidewall unit 203 includes an inside voltage-applied electrode 221 and an inside detection electrode 222 inside of the sidewall unit 203 itself. The outside voltage-applied electrode 211 and the inside voltage-applied electrode 221 are connected to each other via the in-body wiring 231 embedded in the sidewall unit 203. Similarly, the outside detection electrode 212 and the inside detection electrode 222 are connected to each other via the in-body wiring 231 embedded in the sidewall unit 203.
Moreover, the inside voltage-applied electrode 221 is connected to a voltage-applied terminal (not shown) on the circuit board of the exhaled air sensor 100 by means of flip-chip bonding. This voltage-applied terminal is connected to the voltage-applied electrode 2 (refer to
Here, as is the case with
Here, in the case where meshes, which are similar to the meshes prepared on the lid unit 202, are prepared on an exhaled air introduction opening into which exhaled air is introduced, the lid units 202 can be omitted in both package 200a and package 200b respectively.
“Exhaled Air Inspection System Z”
The exhaled air inspection system Z includes: an exhaled air detection device 300; an analysis device (analysis unit) 500; a transmission device 601; and a storage device 602.
The exhaled air detection device 300 includes the exhaled air sensor 100 and a measurement control device 400. Although the exhaled air sensor 100 includes the moisture detection element 1 and the gas sensors 101, these components have already been described with reference to
The measurement control device 400 converts the frequency of electric power outputted from an AC power supply 410 (refer to
In addition, the exhaled air detection device 300 converts acquired analog signals into digital signals using A/D (Analog/Digital) converters 301a and 301b, and outputs these digital signals to the analysis device 500. The acquired analog signals are the voltage signal of the output voltage vo acquired from the moisture detection element 1 and detection signals acquired from the gas sensors 101.
The analysis device 500 acquires the voltage signal of the output voltage vo from the moisture detection element 1 in the exhaled air sensor 100, and at the same time, acquires the detection signals from the gas sensors 101. Successively, the analysis device 500 analyzes the content rates of gases in exhaled air on the basis of the output voltage vo acquired from the moisture detection element 1, the detection signals acquired from the gas sensors 101, and the like. Here, in the present embodiment, it will be assumed that the analysis device 500 acquires the output voltage vo and the detection signals from the exhaled air sensor 100. However, the above configuration is not one and only, and it is also conceivable that the measurement control device 400 acquires the output voltage vo and the detection signals from the exhaled air sensor 100, and passes the acquired output voltage vo and detection signals to the analysis device 500.
The storage device 602 is a database server or the like. The output voltage vo, which the analysis device 500 acquires from the moisture detection element 1, and the detection signals, which the analysis device 500 acquires from the gas sensors 101, are stored in association with inspection times thereof in the storage device 602, and further analysis results acquired by the analysis device 500 are stored in the storage device 602.
The transmission device 601 informs a central information center (not shown) and the like of the analysis results (information about the state of a driver and the like) acquired by the analysis device 500.
(Measurement Control Device 400)
The measurement control device 400 includes: a memory 401; a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 402; an input device 403; and an AC/AC inverter circuit 404. Furthermore, the measurement control device 400 includes: an AC terminal 405; an AC/DC converter circuit 406; and a DC terminal 407.
A control unit 411 is embodied in the memory 401 by a program executed by the CPU 402.
The control unit 411 transmits instructions to the AC/AC inverter circuit 404 and the AC/DC converter circuit 406 on the basis of information input via the input device 403.
The AC/AC inverter circuit 404 converts the frequency and voltage of an AC voltage input from the AC power supply 410 and outputs the AC voltage to the AC terminal 405 on the basis of an instruction transmitted from the control unit 411. The moisture detection element 1 is connected to the AC terminal 405.
In addition, the AC/DC converter circuit 406 converts the voltage of an AC voltage input from the AC power supply 410, further converts an AC current to a DC current, and transmits the DC current to the DC terminal 407 on the basis of an instruction transmitted from the control unit 411. The gas sensors 101 (refer to
Furthermore, the output of the AC/DC converter circuit 406 is connected to an adder 409 prepared at the output side of the AC/AC inverter circuit 404 via a switch 408. The opening and closing of the switch 408 is controlled by the control unit 411. The switch 408 is set ON before exhaled air is introduced by the control unit 411. At this time, if a voltage difference between the DC voltage Vi applied to the moisture detection element 1 and the output voltage Vo is equal to a predefined value or smaller, an AC voltage biased by a DC voltage is applied to the voltage-applied electrode 2 for a predefined time while the switch 408 is being kept ON. The fact that the potential difference between the DC voltage Vi applied to the moisture detection element 1 and the output voltage Vo is equal to a predefined value or smaller means a case that dew condensation has occurred.
In other cases, the switch 408 is kept OFF.
Here, in the case where dew condensation has occurred in the moisture detection element 1, it is conceivable that the output voltage at the DC terminal 407 is directly applied to the moisture detection element 1.
In addition, the configuration of the measurement control device 400 shown in
Incidentally, the measurement control device 400 shown in
(Analysis Device 500)
The analysis device 500 is, for example, a PC (Personal Computer), and includes: a memory 501; a CPU 502; a transmission/reception device 503; a display device (display unit) 504. Furthermore, the analysis device 500 includes a storage device 505 such as an HDD (Hard Disk Drive), an imaging device (imaging unit) 506, and the like. Here, in the case where the after-mentioned deceiving prevention processing is not performed, the imaging device 506 can be omitted.
Programs stored in the storage device 505 are loaded into the memory 501. Next, a processing unit 511 and respective units 512 to 515 included in the processing unit 511 are embodied by the loaded programs executed by the CPU 502.
The moisture measurement processing unit 512 performs processing regarding the measurement of moisture included in exhaled air on the basis of a detection signal transmitted from the moisture detection element 1 (refer to
The gas measurement processing unit 513 performs processing regarding the measurement of various kinds of gases included in exhaled air on the basis of detection signals transmitted from the gas sensors 101 (refer to
The judgment processing unit 514 judges, for example, whether a person being tested is under the influence of alcohol or not on the basis of the measurement result of the gas measurement processing unit 513.
The certification processing unit 515 performs the after-mentioned deceiving prevention processing.
Here, if the measurement of the gases is not performed in the exhaled air inspection system Z, the gas measurement processing unit 513 can be omitted.
Here, although, in the exhaled air inspection system Z shown in
Alternatively, for example, all of the exhaled air detection device 300, the analysis device 500, the transmission device 601, and the storage device 602 can be integrated into one device.
Or more specifically, the analysis device 500, the transmission device 601, and the storage device 602 can be integrated into one device.
“Flowchart”
Next, the processing steps of the exhaled air inspection system Z according to the present embodiment will be explained with reference to
(Exhaled Air Detection Processing)
First, a user turns the power supply of the exhaled air inspection system Z ON (at S101), and the exhaled air inspection system Z performs dew condensation removal processing (at S102). The dew condensation removal processing will be described later.
After the dew condensation removal processing is finished, the moisture measurement processing unit 512 displays a screen that urges the user to introduce his/her exhaled air (exhaled air introduction request screen) on the display device 504 (at S103).
Successively, the AC voltage vi begins to be applied to the voltage-applied electrode 2 (at S104). Here, the applied AC voltage vi is a voltage output from the AC terminal 405 of the measurement control device 400.
Next, when a person being tested introduces his/her exhaled air into the exhaled air introduction opening, the introduction of the exhaled air is started (at S105).
Successively, the moisture measurement processing unit 512 starts to measure the output voltage vo from the moisture detection element 1, so that moisture measurement is started (at S106). In this case, it will be assumed that the moisture measurement processing unit 512 calculates a difference between the voltage value of the time 0 and that of the current time as the output voltage vo.
Afterward, the moisture measurement processing unit 512 judges whether the output voltage vo from the moisture detection element 1 is equal to or larger than a first threshold vth1 or not (at S111).
As the result of step S111, if the output voltage vo from the moisture detection element 1 is smaller than the first threshold vth1 (No at S111), the moisture measurement processing unit 512 judges that the intensity of the exhaled air of a person being tested is insufficient, and urges the person being tested to continue introducing his/her exhaled air (at S112). Next, the moisture measurement processing unit 512 gets back the processing to step S111.
As the result of step S111, if the output voltage vo is equal to the first threshold vth1 or larger (Yes at S111), the moisture measurement processing unit 512 judges whether the output voltage vo from the moisture detection element 1 is equal to or larger than a second threshold vth2 or not (at S113). Here, the first threshold vth1 is smaller than the second threshold vth2. In addition, because the output voltage vo is actually an AC voltage, the moisture measurement processing unit 512 makes the judgment at step S112 on the basis of whether the number of times the voltage peak of the output voltage vo becomes equal to the second threshold vth2 or larger exceeds a predefined number of times or not. This is explained later.
As the result of step S113, if the output voltage vo is smaller than the second threshold vth2 (No at S113), the moisture measurement processing unit 512 judges that the intensity of the exhaled air is insufficient, and urges the person being tested to continue introducing his/her exhaled air by the moisture measurement processing unit 512 (at S114). Next, the moisture measurement processing unit 512 gets back the processing to step S113.
As the result of step S113, if the output voltage vo is equal to the second threshold vth2 or larger (Yes at S113), the moisture measurement processing unit 512 judges that the intensity of the exhaled air is sufficient (at S121). Afterward, the person being tested stop introducing his/her exhaled air (at S122). At this time, the exhaled air detection device 300 informs the person being tested that the introduction of the exhaled air should be stopped using a buzzer, voice, screen display, or the like.
In
First, when the person being tested starts to introduce his/her exhaled air at the time of t0 (at step S105 in
Afterward, the output voltage vo continues to rise, and the number of times the voltage peak exceeds the second threshold vth2 becomes 15 at the time of t12 (Yes at step S113 in
Incidentally, the second threshold vth2 should be set to the value of the output voltage vo large enough to assure that the introduced air (exhaled air) includes a sufficient amount of moisture.
Afterward, the person being tested stops introducing his/her exhaled air at the time of t13 (at step S122 in
(Dew Condensation Removal Processing)
First, the DC voltage Vi is applied to the voltage-applied electrode 2 (at S201), and the moisture measurement processing unit 512 measures the output voltage (DC) Vo at the detection electrode 3. As described above, the DC voltage Vi applied at step S201 is a voltage output from the AC terminal 405 of the measurement control device 400. Here, a voltage actually applied at step S201 is an AC voltage biased by a DC voltage as described above.
Next, the moisture measurement processing unit 512 judges whether Vi−Vo is smaller than a third threshold Vth3 or not (at S202). Incidentally, Vi and Vo represent the values of bias voltages respectively.
As the result of step S202, if Vi−Vo is equal to the third threshold Vth3 or larger (No at S202), the moisture measurement processing unit 512 judges that dew condensation has not occurred or dew condensation has been removed, and the moisture measurement processing unit 512 returns the flow to the processing shown in
As the result of step S202, if Vi−Vo is smaller than the third threshold Vth3 (Yes at S202), the moisture measurement processing unit 512 judges that dew condensation has occurred.
Successively, the moisture measurement processing unit 512 judges whether the number of times n of voltage applications is larger than a predefined number of times N or not (at S203).
As the result of step S203, if the number of times n is larger than the predefined number of times N (Yes at S203), the moisture measurement processing unit 512 makes error notification (at S204). The error notification can be made by displaying information about the fact that an error is detected on the display device 504, or the error notification can be issued from an alarm device (not shown). After issuing the error notification, the exhaled air inspection system Z stops this processing.
As the result of step S203, if the number of times n of voltage applications is equal to or smaller than the predefined number of times N (No at S203), the moisture measurement processing unit 512 applies a DC current to the moisture detection element 1 for a certain time period (at S205). Here, as mentioned above, actually an AC current biased by a DC current is applied at step S205.
Afterward, the moisture measurement processing unit 512 increments n (n←n+1) (at S206), and gets back the processing to step S101.
(Gas Detection Processing)
First, because pieces of processing performed in step S101 to step S112 in
As the result of step S111, if the output voltage vo is equal to or larger than the first threshold vth1 (Yes at S111), the gas measurement processing unit 513 starts to measure outputs (gases) from the gas sensors 101c, 101d, and 101f (at S301).
Afterward, the moisture measurement processing unit 512 performs processing at step S113. Because pieces of processing performed in steps S113 to S122 in
Along with the stop of the introduction of the exhaled air at step S122, the gas measurement processing unit 513 stops measuring the outputs (gases) from the gas sensors 101c, 101d, and 101f (at S311).
Afterward, the gas measurement processing unit 513 calculates the gas saturation signal values of the gas sensors 101c, 101d, and 101f on the basis of output curves from the starts of the outputs to the stops of the outputs from the gas sensors 101c, 101d, and 101f respectively (at S321). The processing performed at step S321 will be explained later.
In addition, the gas measurement processing unit 513 calculates the respective gas concentrations (saturated gas concentrations) in the saturation states of the respective gases on the basis of the respective calculated gas saturation signal values using a differential evolution method (at S322 in
Successively, the judgment processing unit 514 judges whether the saturation gas concentration of alcohol (alcohol concentration) among the respective saturation gas concentrations calculated at step S322 is equal to or larger than a criterion value or not (at S323).
As the result of step S323, if the alcohol concentration is smaller than the criterion value (No at S323), the judgment processing unit 514 judges that a person being tested is not under the influence of alcohol (at S324).
As the result of step S323, if the alcohol concentration is equal to the criterion value or larger (Yes at S323), the judgment processing unit 514 judges that the person being tested is under the influence of alcohol (at S325).
The time t11 in
Next, the time t12 in
In addition, the following method can be used instead of the above-described method. In many cases, a cover is installed in the periphery of the sensor portion of a gas sensor 101 although the cover is not shown. If a space within this cover becomes small, even if the amount of introduced gas is small, the gas concentration in the space of the cover becomes equal to the concentration of the introduced gas. In other words, as the size of the space in the cover in the gas sensor 101 becomes smaller, a time period for the gas to become saturated becomes shorter. Therefore, if the size of the space in the cover in the gas sensor 101 is small, it is not necessary to estimate the gas saturation signal value E2 on the basis of the value E1 of the detection signal as shown in
Here, the time period from the time t11 to the time t12 is about 1 second to 2 seconds. In other words, the gas measurement can be performed for about 1 second to 2 seconds, which makes it possible to drastically shorten the gas measuring time.
In this way, the exhaled air inspection system Z that uses the moisture detection element 1 of the present embodiment can make it possible to inspect a gas (for example alcohol) for a very short time. Especially, whether introduced exhaled air is real exhaled air or not can be judged, and at the same time, the presence or absence of alcohol drinking can be judged for a short time.
“Exhaled Air Inspection Device 700”
Next, an example of an exhaled air inspection device 700 including the exhaled air sensor 100 according to the present embodiment will be explained with reference to
(Mobile Type)
The size of the exhaled air inspection device (mobile terminal) 700a shown in
The exhaled air inspection device 700a includes an exhaled air introduction opening (exhaled air introduction unit) 701 and a display screen 702. The exhaled air detection device 300, the analysis device 500, the transmission device 601, and the storage device 602 shown in
In other words, when exhaled air is introduced into inside of the exhaled air inspection device 700a via the exhaled air introduction opening 701, the exhaled air and gases are detected by the exhaled air sensor 100 located inside of the exhaled air introduction device 700a. Successively, an inspection result acquired by the exhaled air inspection device 700a is displayed on the display screen 702.
Here, the exhaled air sensor 100 installed inside of the exhaled air inspection device 700a can be the exhaled air sensor 100a shown in
The exhaled air inspection device (mobile terminal) 700b (700) shown in
The exhaled air introduction device 710 is connected to the smart phone 720 via, for example, a USB (Universal Serial Bus) or the like.
Here, in the exhaled air inspection device 700b shown in
The exhaled air introduction device 710 includes an exhaled air introduction opening (exhaled air introduction unit) 711.
In other words, when exhaled air is introduced into inside of the exhaled air introduction device 710 via the exhaled air introduction opening 711, the exhaled air and gases are detected by the exhaled air sensor 100 (refer to
Here, as shown in
Because the moisture detection element 1 can be downsized, the exhaled air inspection device 700 such as the exhaled air inspection device 700a shown in
As shown in
The exhaled air introduction device 730 includes an exhaled air introduction opening (not shown).
In other words, when exhaled air is introduced into the exhaled air introduction device 730, the exhaled air and gases are detected by the exhaled air sensor 100 (refer to
(Deceiving Prevention Processing)
In the explanation of
First, after the power supply of the exhaled air inspection system Z is turned ON, the certification processing unit 515 of the analysis device 500 displays information that urges a user to operate a certification button (certification button operation request screen) on the display device 504 (at S401).
Next, the certification processing unit 515 judges whether the certification button is operated or not (at S402). In the case shown in
As the result of step S402, if the certification button is not operated (No at S402), the certification processing unit 515 gets back the processing to step S401.
As the result of step S402, if the certification button is operated (Yes at S402), the imaging device 506 takes the image of the user's face (at S403). The image of the user's face taken at this time is referred to as a face image A.
Afterward, the certification processing unit 515 judges whether the taken face image A is a certifiable face image or not (at S404). A certifiable face image is a face image that can be used for judging whether a person having the face image A and a person having the face image B taken later is the same person or not by comparing the face image A with the face image B. To put it concretely, whether a face image is a certifiable face image or not is judged on the basis of whether the eyes, the nose, the mouth, the lines of the face are clearly imaged or not.
As the result of step S404, if the face image A is not a certifiable face image (No at S404), the certification processing unit 515 displays information for urging the image of the user's face to be taken again (a re-imaging request screen) on the display device 504 (at S405), and gets back the processing to step S402.
As the result of step S404, if the face image A is a certifiable face image (Yes at S404), the exhaled air inspection system Z performs a piece of processing at step S102 and successive pieces of processing shown in
Next, the certification processing unit 515 judges whether the user is under the influence of alcohol or not using the result of the alcohol drinking judgment processing at step S411 (at S412).
As the result of step S412, if the user is under the influence of alcohol (Yes at S412), the certification processing unit 515 displays information indicating that driving is forbidden (a driving forbiddance screen) on the display device 504 (at S413).
Afterward, the certification processing unit 515 stores the face image A (at S414), and stores the result of step S411 (alcohol drinking judgment result) in the storage device 505 (at S415).
As the result of step S412, if the user is not under the influence of alcohol (No at S412), the certification processing unit 515 displays the face image A and the result of the alcohol drinking judgment processing (alcohol drinking judgment result) on the display device 504 (at S421). Here, in the case where the exhaled air inspection system Z is a system shown in
Successively, the certification processing unit 515 displays information that urges the user to operate a certification button (a certification button operation request screen) on the display device 504 (at S422). The certification button is a button similar to the certification button displayed at step S402.
Next, the certification processing unit 515 judges whether the certification button is operated or not (at S423).
As the result of step S423, if the certification button is not operated (No at S423), the certification processing unit 515 gets back the processing to step S422.
As the result of step S423, if the certification button is operated (Yes at S423), the imaging device 506 takes the face of the user's face (at S424). The face image taken at this time is referred to as a face image B.
Afterward, the certification processing unit 515 judges whether the taken face image B is a certifiable face image or not (at S425). Because the judgment whether the taken face image B is a certifiable face image or not is made in a similar way as mentioned at step S404, the explanation about it is omitted.
As the result of step S425, if the face image is not a certifiable face image (No at S425), the certification processing unit 515 displays information for urging the image of the user's face to be taken again (a re-imaging request screen) on the display device 504 (at S426). Afterward, the certification processing unit 515 gets back the processing to step S423.
As the result of step S425, if the face image is a certifiable face image (Yes at S425), the certification processing unit 515 compares the face image A and the face image B with each other. Through this comparison, the certification processing unit 515 judges whether both face image A and face image B are the face image of the same person or not (at S431 in
As the result of the step S431, if both face image A and face image B are the face image of the same person (Yes at S431), the certification processing unit 515 stores the face image A and the face image B in the storage device 505 (at S432). Afterward, the certification processing unit 515 stores the result of the alcohol drinking judgment processing (alcohol drinking judgment result) at step S411 in the storage device 505 in association with the face image A and the face image B (at S433), and stops the processing.
At the result of step S431, if the face image A and the face image B do not show the face image of the same person (No at S431), the exhaled air inspection system Z performs a piece of processing at step S102 and successive pieces of processing shown in
Next, the certification processing unit 515 judges whether the user is under the influence of alcohol or not using the result of the alcohol drinking judgment processing at step S441 (at S442).
As the result of step S442, if the user is not under the influence of alcohol (No at S442), the certification processing unit 515 stores the face image B in the storage device 505 (at S432).
Afterward, the certification processing unit 515 stores the result of the alcohol drinking judgment processing (alcohol drinking judgment result) at step S422 in the storage device 505 in association with the face image B (at S433), and stops the processing.
As the result of step S422, if the user is under the influence of alcohol (Yes at S442), the certification processing unit 515 displays information indicating that driving is forbidden (a driving forbiddance screen) on the display device 504 (at S443). Here, in the case where the exhaled air inspection system Z is a system shown in
Afterward, the certification processing unit 515 stores the face image B (at S444), and stores the result at step 441 (alcohol drinking judgment result) in the storage device 505 in association with the face image B (at S445).
For example, it is recommendable that the press-down of the certification button at step S402 should be made just before the user leaves his/her office or the like, and the press-down of the certification button at step S423 should be made just before the user presses down the acceleration button of the automobile or the like.
Here, in the case where the automobile 801 (refer to
In such deceiving prevention processing, through comparing the face image A before the exhaled air introduction and the face image B after the exhaled air introduction with each other, drunk driving by deceiving and the like can be prevented. For example, the face image A is a face image taken before getting in the automobile for driving and the face image B is a face image taken after getting in the automobile for driving.
(High Temperature Type and Low Temperature Type)
The concavo-convex structure of the insulating portion 4 of the low temperature type moisture detection element that is used in a low temperature environment (in an environment the temperature of which is equal to a predefined temperature or lower) shown in
In other words, as shown in
Because the amount of saturated vapor becomes large in high temperature, the humidity of exhaled air (relative humidity) becomes low. Therefore, in the high temperature type moisture detection element 1g, the concavities and convexities of the insulating portion 4g are set larger as shown in
On the contrary, because the amount of saturated vapor becomes small in low temperature, the humidity of exhaled air (relative humidity) becomes high. If the sizes of the concavities and convexities of the insulating portion 4 are set large in such a condition, it may happen for too much moisture (too many water molecules 11) to adhere to the concavities and convexities. Therefore, in the case of the low temperature type moisture detection element 1f, the concavities and convexities of the insulating portion 4f are set smaller as shown in
Furthermore, as shown in
Although in the example shown in
In this case, although the concavities and convexities of the insulating portions 4 have angular shapes as shown in
Here, the sizes of the concavities and convexities of the insulating portions 4 are considered to be the differences between the heights of the convexities and the depths of the concavities, or the sizes of the roughnesses of the convexities and the depths of the concavities.
In addition, although the conductive films 6 are considered to be made of metal, it is not necessarily made of metal as long as it is electrically conductive. For example, graphite or the like can be used for the conductive films 6.
The present invention is not limited the above-described embodiment, and can include various modifications. For example, the above-described embodiment has been described in detail for the purpose of explaining the present invention in an easily understood manner, so that the present invention is not always required to include all the configurations described in the above-described embodiment. Furthermore, a part of the configuration of one embodiment can be replaced with a part of the configuration of another embodiment, and a new embodiment may be made by adding the configuration of one embodiment to the configuration of another embodiment. In addition, a new embodiment of the present invention may be made by adding a different configuration to a part of the configuration of each embodiment, deleting a part of the configuration of each embodiment from each embodiment itself, or replacing a part of the configuration of each embodiment with a different configuration, or a combination of the above-mentioned addition, deletion, and replacement may be applied to each embodiment to make a new embodiment of the present invention.
In addition, the entireties or parts of the above configurations, functions, the respective units 411, 511 to 515, the memory devices 505 and 602, and the like can be realized by hardware designed using, for example, integrated circuits. Alternatively, the above configurations, functions, and the like can be realized by software which is provided by processors, such as the CPU 502, that interpret and execute programs for realizing the workings of the above configurations, functions, and the like. Information regarding programs, tables, files, and the like that are used for realizing the above functions can be stored not only in an HD (Hard Disk) but also can be stored in storage devices such as the memory 501, and an SSD (Solid State Drive), or in recording media such as an IC (Integrated Circuit) card, an SD (Secure Digital) card, and a DVD (Digital Versatile Disc).
In addition, in each embodiment, control lines and information lines are shown in the case where they are indispensable for explaining each embodiment, and therefore all control lines and information lines necessary in the case of materializing each embodiment as a product are not shown. It is conceivable that in reality almost all components are interconnected.
Although the invention has been described above by reference to certain embodiments of the invention, the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. Modifications and variations of the embodiments described above will occur to those skilled in the art, in light of the above teachings. The scope of the invention is defined with reference to the following claims.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2017-226216 | Nov 2017 | JP | national |
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 9164052 | Speer | Oct 2015 | B1 |
| 20090090577 | Takahashi | Apr 2009 | A1 |
| 20100063409 | Hok | Mar 2010 | A1 |
| 20100307238 | Van Popta | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20180284048 | Wakana | Oct 2018 | A1 |
| 20200300797 | Wakana | Sep 2020 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 2008-039508 | Feb 2008 | JP |
| 2011-053049 | Mar 2011 | JP |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20190162715 A1 | May 2019 | US |
