Patent Application
20070202302
The present invention relates to an interior trim material for decorating the automobile interior, and in particular, relates to molded interior trim installation material for an automobile, which is three-dimensionally formed into a shape that matches the shape of a portion of the automobile where the molded interior trim installation material is installed.
Conventionally, various interior trim materials are installed on a steel plate in the interior of an automobile, and design and sense of touch are enhanced.
An interior trim installation material covers the steel panel as above mentioned and mainly serves to enhance the design in the interior of the automobile. Also, an interior trim material for an automobile is often required to serve as soundproof material to absorb and/or to insulate various noises (load noise, engine noise, wind roar, and the like) that are generated when the automobile is driven. In particular, since road noise is apt to enter from the floor direction of the automobile, various structures of a floor installing material that is installed along a floor and a vertical wall are proposed to enhance sound absorption and sound insulation.
In particular, there are proposals in which the interior trim material has multiple layers, that is, a layer made of materials excellent in sound absorption or sound insulation is laminated behind the design layer of the surface in order to enhance sound absorption or sound insulation while ensuring that the interior trim material has an appropriate design.
As a typical example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 2000-516175 (see
Now, when such a sound insulation kit is used as interior trim material for an automobile, a design layer is often required to be added on the surface of the kit. In the above document, Claim 3 discloses “the kit according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that assembly package 52 is provided with porous cover layers 53, 54, in particular, a soft dressing layer or a carpet layer, or a protection fleece that is resistant to contamination”. However, this document gives no description about flow resistance values of the dressing layer and the carpet layer.
The inventors made and examined the sound insulation kit in accordance with the subject of this document, and confirmed that the characteristic of the sound insulation kit varied remarkably due to laminating such a dressing layer or a carpet layer. Therefore, in actually, there is a need to control the entire flow resistance value including the dressing layer.
Also, when an adhesive layer for adhering the dressing layer to the surface of the sound insulation kit is formed, the form of the adhesive layer has a large influence on the sound insulation characteristic, and in particular, when an adhesive layer with poor permeability is formed, the performance of the sound insulation kit is largely lowered.
As the proposal to solve the problem, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-219989 (see
The above mentioned conventional art (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-219989) has the following problems.
(1) It is difficult to finely adjust the distribution amount of thermoplastic resin powder P in the adhesive layer that is formed by distributing thermoplastic resin powder P, resulting in unevenness of the flow resistant value (air permeability) of the laminate after the adhering process in some cases.
(2) Because of the manufacturing method, the powder granulating process is required, and the cost and the energy consumption are disadvantageous for the process.
The present invention is intended to solve the above-mentioned problems.
A molded interior trim installation material for an automobile according to the present invention for this purpose is formed by laminating an air permeable design layer, a shape-retaining felt layer, and an porous adhesive layer, and is formed in a three-dimensional shape that matches the shape of a portion of the automobile where the molded interior trim installation material is installed. The air permeable design layer faces the interior surface of the automobile, and its flow resistance value is less than 500 Nsm−3. The shape-retaining felt layer can maintain its molded shape, and its flow resistance value is less than 500 Nsm−3. The porous adhesive layer serves to adhere the air permeable design layer and the shape-retaining felt layer, and forms openings therein.
According to this arrangement, the air permeable design layer provides the decorative design required as interior trim material, and the shape-retaining felt layer can keep the interior trim installation material in the three-dimensional shape that matches the shape of a portion of the automobile where the molded interior trim installation material is installed. Further, since the air permeable design layer and the shape-retaining felt layer having high air permeability are laminated through the porous adhesive layer while maintaining air permeability between them, both the air permeable design layer and the shape-retaining felt layer can be efficiently used as sound absorption material. Also, the air permeable design layer and the shape-retaining felt layer, the flow resistance values of which are less than 500 Nsm−3, are excellent in lightweight and cushioning characteristics.
The flow resistance value of the laminate of the air permeable design layer, the porous adhesive layer, and the shape-retaining felt layer can be easily adjusted by adjusting the open area ratio of the porous adhesive layer. The flow resistance value of the laminate is preferably within 500 to 4000 Nsm−3, thereby resulting in a beneficial sound absorption and sound insulation effect.
Further, as the result of examinations by the inventors, it was found that the flow resistance value of the interior trim installation material is preferably varied from one portion to another of the interior of the automobile. Specifically, the flat molded portion along the flat portion, such as the floor of the automobile, is preferably set to a relatively high flow resistance value compared with the vertical wall molded portion along the side wall of the automobile. This arrangement is excellent in sound absorption compared with the case in which the whole of the interior trim installation material has an even flow resistance value.
The flow resistance value of the interior trim installation material can be easily adjusted for each portion by varying the open area ratio of the porous adhesive layer for each portion to the appropriate value, as described above. Also, even if the shape-retaining felt layer is omitted, for example, in the portion where not much capability for retaining the shape is needed, appropriate sound absorption and sound insulation in that portion can be obtained by adjusting the flow resistance of the porous adhesive layer of that portion by using the feature in which the flow resistance value, and therefore the sound absorption and sound insulation characteristics can be adjusted by adjusting the open area ratio of the porous adhesive layer. In this way, the interior trim installation material can be reduced in weight.
It was experimentally demonstrated that the flow resistance value of the porous adhesive layer is suitably set within 300 to 3500 Nsm−3. In order to form the adhesive layer with this air permeability, it was experimentally demonstrated that the diameter of each opening of the adhesive layer hole is suitably set within the range from 0.5 to 3 mm and the number of openings is suitably set within the range from 40 to 500/100 cm2.
Preferably, openings may be formed halfway through the air permeable design layer and the shape-retaining felt layer, which are laminated on the porous adhesive layer, at the position facing the openings in the porous adhesive layer. According to this arrangement, sound waves that have passed through the openings in the porous adhesive layer can easily reach the deep recesses of the air permeable design layer or the shape-retaining felt layer, and the energy of the sound waves can be absorbed effectively. Preferably, the halfway opening may be cone shaped in which the entrance side is broader than the deep side, thereby enabling sound waves, in particular, to be easily absorbed.
Preferably, the air permeable design layer and/or the shape-retaining felt layer may include split fabric that is formed by extruding different kinds of resin from the same base. According this arrangement, the fabric structure becomes fine so that the fiber is easy to vibrate, and the absorption characteristic of the sound energy is enhanced.
Preferably, in manufacturing the molded interior trim installation material, the porous adhesive layer is manufactured by forming openings in a thermoplastic resin film by using a heat needle. According to this manufacturing method, the flow resistance value of the porous adhesive layer can be easily adjusted by adjusting the opening density. Also, even if the opening density is changed, the weight per unit area of the interior trim installation material cannot be changed so that the change in sound absorption and sound insulation caused by the change in weight is prevented, and a preferable sound absorption and sound insulation characteristic can be easily obtained.
Also, a thermoplastic resin film, which will be formed into an porous adhesive layer, may be overlaid on one surface of the air permeable design layer or the shape-retaining felt layer, and then openings may be formed in one surface of the air permeable design layer or in one surface of the shape-retaining layer from the thermoplastic resin film side to the air permeable design layer or from the thermoplastic resin film side to the shape-retaining felt layer with a machine for forming an opening having many heat needles implanted in the periphery, thereby resulting in a preferable arrangement in which openings are formed in the air permeable design layer or in the shape-retaining felt layer at positions facing the openings in the porous adhesive layer as aforementioned.
A floor panel (not shown) for an automobile typically includes an approximate flat portion and a portion that extends upwardly from the flat portion. Interior trim installation material 10 as a floor carpet in crew compartment M and interior trim installation material 10′ for luggage compartment N, which are to be installed on the floor panel as molded interior trim installation materials for an automobile according to an embodiment of the present invention, include flat molded portions 10a that accommodate the approximate flat portion of the floor panel and vertical wall molded portions 10b that accommodate portions extending upwardly from the flat portions, as shown in
As shown in
Luggage compartment N is located at the rear of the automobile, and interior trim installation material 10′ that is installed therein has luggage compartment flat molded portion 10f, on which luggage is placed, and luggage compartment vertical wall molded portion 10e.
These interior trim installation materials 10, 10′ are previously formed into a shape that matches the abovementioned floor shape, and then are installed. Therefore, predetermined moldability and capability for retaining the shape are required for interior trim installation materials.
Next, explanations are given of the layer structure of the interior trim installation material for an automobile of the present embodiment with reference to
Interior trim installation material 10 is formed by laminating at least air permeable design layer 11, porous adhesive layer 12, and shape-retaining felt layer 13, which are arranged sequentially from the side facing the interior of the automobile to the panel at the installing position.
Among elements of molded installation material 10, air permeable design layer 11 arranged to face the interior surface of the automobile is a layer that assures the decorative design, the touch, the wear resistance, and the like of interior trim installation material 10. Suitably, air permeable design layer 11 may be formed of needlepunched nonwoven fabric that is made by applying the needling process to nonwoven web to make the surface fluffy. In addition to the needlepunched nonwoven fabric, an air permeable fiber sheet and a porous sheet, such as a tuft carpet, may be used as air permeable design layer 11.
Porous adhesive layer 12 is a layer for adhering air permeable design layer 11 and shape-retaining felt layer 13. Openings 15 are formed in porous adhesive layer 12 in order to ensure high air permeability between air permeable design layer 11 and shape-retaining felt layer 13. A film of thermoplastic resin (such as polyethylene resin, polypropylene resin, modified polyester resin) that has a low melting point (100 to 300° C.) and that is formed with many minute openings 15, is suitable for porous adhesive layer 12.
Shape-retaining felt layer 13 serves to retain the shape of interior trim installation material 10 and possesses higher stiffness than air permeable design layer 11. Basically, shape-retaining felt layer 13 is shaped into a predetermined shape during molding, thereby resulting in interior trim installation material 10 having a corresponding molded shape.
Shape-retaining felt layer 13 is required to have predetermined moldability and shape-retaining ability after molding, and synthetic fiber felt including the thermoplastic resin fiber having a low melting point (100 to 200° C.) at a predetermined rate (5 to 30 wt %) may be mentioned as raw material suitable for shape-retaining felt layer 13. This synthetic fiber felt, after the low melting point thermoplastic resin fabric is softened by heating, is molded by a press molding die that accommodates a required molding shape and is cooled, thereby the synthetic fiber felt can be shaped into a predetermined molded shape, and can retain the shape.
Preferably, shape-retaining felt layer 13 possesses stiffness that enables, in particular, vertical wall molded portion 10b of molded interior trim installation material 10 to retain the predetermined shape without support. To this end, shape-retaining felt layer 13 preferably has a thickness of 2 to 5 mm and a density of 50 to 300 kg/m3. By giving sufficient stiffness to shape-retaining felt layer 13, in this way, vertical wall molded portion 10b can retain the shape that fits the panel at the installing position without causing deformation that will cause the portion to sag.
In this laminate, preferably, air permeable design layer 11 and shape-retaining felt layer 13 provide low flow resistance values. According to this, noise at the interior side, which is generated as the automobile travels, can be absorbed through air permeable design layer 11, and sound waves in a direction from the panel of the automobile (a direction from vehicle exterior) can be absorbed through shape-retaining felt layer 13 into interior trim installation material effectively, and the energy of the absorbed sound waves can be attenuated in interior trim installation material 10. For this purpose, preferably, the flow resistance values of air permeable design layer 11 and shape-retaining felt layer 13 is, in particular, less than 500 Nsm−3 (ISO 9053: Acoustics-Materials FOR acoustical applications-Determination of airflow resistance).
The flow resistance value of air permeable design layer 11 can be adjusted, for example, by changing the fiber length, fiber diameter, or the needling degree of fiber that forms an unwoven web.
On the other hand, preferably, the entire flow resistance value of the laminate of air permeable design layer 11, porous adhesive layer 12, and shape-retaining felt layer is adjusted to an appropriate range so that the noise reduction effect in the automobile can be achieved effectively by the sound absorption and sound insulation effect of the laminate.
The flow resistance value of the laminate of air permeable design layer 11, porous adhesive layer 12, and shape-retaining felt layer 13 is approximately equal to the sum of the flow resistance value of each layer, and, in interior trim installation material 10, according to the present embodiment, the flow resistance value of the laminate can be adjusted within the above-mentioned preferable range by controlling the flow resistance value of porous adhesive layer 12. Specifically, the flow resistance value of porous adhesive layer 12 can be easily adjusted by varying the diameter of openings 15, the number of openings 15 per unit area, or the like to adjust an open area ratio. On the other hand, the flow resistance values of air permeable design layer 11 and shape-retaining felt layer 13 can be adjusted to some extent by varying the fiber density thereof or the diameter of the used fiber, however, it is more difficult to adjust the flow resistance values than porous adhesive layer 12 and the adjustable range is limited. Also, it can be considered that air permeable design layer 11 and shape-retaining felt layer 13 are multi-layered, however, cost and weight are increased
When the air permeability of porous adhesive layer 12 is too small, the flow resistance value of the laminate of air permeable design layer 11, porous adhesive layer 12, and shape-retaining felt layer 13 is too large and it is difficult to control the flow resistance value within a required range, as described above. On the other hand, when the air permeability of porous adhesive layer 12 is too large, the flow resistance value of entire interior trim installation material 10 is too small and it is difficult to control the flow resistance value within a required range, as described above, and the adhesive strength is undesirably lowered. It was experimentally validated that the flow resistance value of porous adhesive layer 12 is preferably within a range from 300 to 3500 Nsm−3.
Also, according to the result of the study by the inventors, it was found that acoustic characteristics vary depending on portions of a (floor) panel of the automobile, and the flow resistance value of the interior trim installation material is preferably varied depending on portions. This was validated by performing an analysis to analyze the contribution of each panel portion to noise reduction in the interior of the automobile when simulating the state in which an automobile is driven. Though differences exist according to specific vehicle panel shapes, generally, in many automobiles, as regards the flow resistance value of interior trim installation material 10, preferably, the flow resistance value of vertical wall molded portion 10b is relatively smaller than that of flat molded portion 10a, and in particular, the flow resistance of vehicle front vertical wall molded portion 10d is relatively smaller than that of flat molded portion 10a. Further, in interior trim installation material 10′ that is installed in luggage compartment N, the simulation and the experiment validated that the flow resistance value of luggage compartment vertical wall molded portion 10e is preferably smaller than that in crew compartment flat molded portion 10a in many cases.
In interior trim installation materials 10, 10′ according to the present embodiment, portion-by-portion adjustment of the flow resistance value can be easily performed. Specifically, interior trim installation materials 10, 10′ that has various flow resistance value depending on various portions is easily obtained by varying the diameter and the number of openings 15 from one portion to another, for example, by varying the diameter and the number of openings 15 between flat molded portion 10a and vertical wall molded portion 10b, in porous adhesive layer 12.
Incidentally, as shown in
Next, two kinds of methods for laminating each layer to form interior trim installation materials 10, 10′ according to the present embodiment are shown with reference to
Manufacturing Method in
Previously, a required number of openings with predetermined diameters are formed in thermoplastic resin film 12a, which will be formed into porous adhesive layer 12, by means of a machine for forming an opening. The machine for forming an opening has long drum 21 that is implanted with heat needles 21a (the desirable diameter is from 2.0 to 3.0 mm, the length is from 4.0 to 6.0 mm, and the temperature is from 90 to 250° C.) on the circumference to be distributed in predetermined density and that is rotationally driven. In the formation of openings 15, preferably, producing burrs around openings 15, or closing or reducing their size, during the adhered process, can be avoided by using a heat needle, not an ambient temperature needle, and a set diameter and a number of openings 15 can be obtained with reliability.
The diameter and number of openings 15 that are formed in thermoplastic resin film 12a can be controlled by the diameter and the distribution density of implanted heat needles 21a. When the diameter and the number of openings 15 are changed in order to set the flow resistance of the interior trim installation material for various values according to vehicle types or the like, a plurality of drums 21 that are suitable for each case may be prepared for use as replacements. Also, when there is a need to change the hole-open area ratio depending on various locations when molded interior trim installation material 10 being installed, the diameter and the number of formed openings 15 may be changed depending on the location of various portions in thermoplastic resin film 12a by changing the implantation density of heat needles 21a or diameters of heat needles 21a along the width direction of drum 21.
In a further advanced example, the machine for forming an opening may be provided with a plurality of drums in which distributions of heat needles are different from each other. In this case, the machine for forming an opening is provided with the required number of drums, the drum to be used is automatically selected in response to a required open area ratio, thereby efficient manufacturing of interior trim installation materials that accommodate various vehicle types can be achieved.
The number of openings 15 may be adjusted by providing an arrangement in which each heat needle 21a can be advanced and withdrawn. The density of openings 15 can also be controlled by adjusting the ratio of the number of revolutions of drum 21 and the feeding speed of thermoplastic resin film 12a.
The diameter of opening 15 can be adjusted by using tapered heat needle 21a and by changing the insertion depth of heat needle 21a at which heat needle 21a is inserted into thermoplastic resin film 12a. The diameter of opening 15 can also be adjusted by changing the feeding speed of thermoplastic 12a to vary the contact time of heat needle 21a with thermoplastic resin film 12a. That is, when the contact time of heat needle 21a is lengthened, the level of the heating of thermoplastic resin film 12a is increased, and thereby the diameter of opening 15 can be made larger.
The size of opening 15 in porous adhesive layer 12 after being laminated tends to become smaller as the compression ratio during molding becomes higher because the periphery of opening 15 is crushed. By using this tendency, the diameter of opening 15 can be adjusted by varying the compression ratio during molding. As described above, preferably, the laminate is arranged so that the flow resistance value of vertical wall molded portion 10b is relatively smaller than that of flat molded portion 10a in many cases. So, in a case in which the aperture of vertical wall molded portion 10b is larger than that of flat molded portion 10a when the laminate is molded into a shape that matches the shape of a portion of the automobile where interior trim installation material 10 is installed, even if the laminate has an uniform open area ratio, openings 15 in porous adhesive layer 12 are elongated during molding, and the flow resistance value can be made smaller precisely at vertical wall molded portion 10b in some cases.
Successively, while shape-retaining felt layer 13 is fed by roller 26, thermoplastic resin film 12a formed with openings 15 (raw material of porous adhesive layer 12) is conveyed together with shape-retaining felt layer 13 so as to be overlaid on the upper surface thereof. Then, thermoplastic resin film 12a that is overlaid on the upper surface of shape-retaining felt layer 13 is heated by heater 20, air permeable design layer 11 is further overlaid on the upper surface of thermoplastic resin film 12a that is slightly softened, and these layers are tightened together by roller 27 and are slightly pressed. According to these operations, the laminate is manufactured.
Manufacturing Method in
While shape-retaining felt layer 14 is fed by roller 28, low melting point thermoplastic resin that is a raw material of porous adhesive layer 12 is extruded from T die 19 in a film-like formation on the upper surface of shape-retaining felt layer 14, and then is pressed by roller 28 to laminate these two layers. Then, a predetermined number of openings 15 having the required diameter are formed by the machine for forming an opening having long drum 21 in which many heat needles 21a are implanted on the circumference.
According to this manufacturing method, also, the density of openings 15 can be adjusted by the same technique as
Subsequently, thermoplastic resin film 12a is slightly molten by heating again, and then air permeable design layer 11 is overlaid and is pressed by roller 29, thereby a three-layered laminate is obtained.
The above-mentioned manufacturing method in
When openings 15 are formed in this way, the sound waves passing through openings 15a in porous adhesive layer 12 can easily penetrate the deep recesses by virtue of openings 15b in shape-retaining felt layer 13 resulting in enhanced sound absorption capability. Also, when openings 15b are formed halfway through shape-retaining felt layer 13, shape-retaining felt layer 13 is easy to install during molding and is easily to be excellently molded without causing any creases.
In this case, preferably, opening 15 is formed in a cone shape in which the entrance side is broader and the inner side is relatively narrow, as shown in
Incidentally, according to the manufacturing method in
Also, the manufacturing methods in
On the other hand, in the manufacturing methods in
Also, preferably, split fibers are mixed into air permeable design layer 11 and/or shape-retaining felt layer 13 of interior trim installation material 10 in a ratio of 10 to 50 wt %. According to this arrangement, it was validated that the normal incidence sound absorption coefficient is improved by 5 to 15% in the range of 1 k to 5 kHz. The split fiber is a fiber that is formed by extruding different types of resins from the same base, and the split fiber includes the core-in-sheath type, the side-by-side type, and the multi-split type, which have different resin arrangements. The split fiber takes the form of a fiber having a thinner split tip after peeling at a weak junction portion between different resins during fiber-processing such as carding or needling, and thereby provides excellent sound absorption capability.
In order to manufacture a layer that includes a split fiber, for example, split fibers are previously mixed into a main material fiber, and the mixed material is carded to form a web. Thereafter, the thickness of the web and the interweaving formation of the fiber are adjusted by the needle punch, and a predetermined thickness is obtained by a press roll.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2004-115261 | Apr 2004 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP05/06236 | 3/31/2005 | WO | 11/3/2006 |
