Patent Application
20130008222
The present invention relates to a molding method for a plate-shaped workpiece and a molded article.
Priority is claimed on Japanese Patent Application Nos. 2010-62625 and 2010-62626, filed Mar. 18, 2010, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference.
In a conventional art, an outer plate or the like, applied to a fuselage of a civil aircraft employs an aluminum alloy plate to reduce the weight thereof, and, in order to further reduce the weight, processing of partially thinning a plate member, i.e., wall thinning, is performed. Then, the outer plate forming a fuselage shape of an aircraft is molded to have a curved shape with a certain radius of curvature, and in general, wall thinning is performed by chemical milling after press bending of the flat plate. In addition, as the other molding methods, for example, methods disclosed in the following Patent Documents 1 and 2 are provided.
Patent Document 1 discloses a method of performing wall thinning by machining after an outer plate is molded at a flat plate state.
Patent Document 2 has proposed a molding method for a plate-shaped workpiece, in which a shot material is projected to the plate-shaped workpiece to provide a predetermined radius of curvature, the method including a pre-process of adjusting a plate thickness of the plate-shaped workpiece, before performing the molding to provide a predetermined radius of curvature, such that the plate-shaped workpiece can function as a product after the molding, and a process of projecting the shot material to the plate-shaped workpiece passed through the pre-process to provide the predetermined radius of curvature.
However, in the conventional molding method of the related art, the chemical milling after press-bending of the flat plate requires a long processing time, and industrial waste such as liquid solution or the like, may be generated.
In addition, in Patent Document 1, since the machining is performed to the outer plate curved with a certain radius of curvature, there is a need to use a ball end mill, and manufacturing efficiency may be decreased.
Further, in Patent Document 2, while a method of projecting a shot material to perform molding is provided, it is difficult to provide reproducibility with precision, and modification may be needed.
Accordingly, the molding method without such problems as described above is needed, and thus, there is a margin for improvement.
In consideration of the above-mentioned problems, it is an object of the present invention to provide a molding method for a plate-shaped workpiece and a molded article that are capable of improving manufacturing efficiency and suppressing generation of industrial waste.
In addition, it is another object of the present invention to provide a molding method for a plate-shaped workpiece and a molded article that are capable of providing good reproducibility with molding precision
A molding method for a plate-shaped workpiece in accordance with the present invention includes a process of forming a concave portion at one surface of the plate-shaped workpiece, and a process of pressing the plate-shaped workpiece against a mold member to perform bending processing.
A first aspect of the molding method of the present invention includes a process of forming a concave portion at a concave surface (a surface to be molded into the concave surface) side of the plate-shaped workpiece, and a process of bending the plate-shaped workpiece from one surface to the other surface by press or roll bending. Here, the concave surface in the present invention represents one surface (a first surface) to be molded into the concave surface by bending, among two flat surfaces of the plate-shaped workpiece, and the convex surface represents the other surface (a second surface) to be molded into the convex surface by bending. That is, the first aspect of the molding method of the present invention includes a process of forming a concave portion in the first surface of the plate-shaped workpiece, and a process of bending the plate-shaped workpiece by press or roll bending such that the first surface becomes a concave surface and the second surface becomes a convex surface.
A second aspect of a molding method for a plate-shaped workpiece in accordance with the present invention includes a process of forming a concave portion at a concave surface side of the plate-shaped workpiece, and a process of applying a tensile force while a jig having a convex shape abuts the concave surface side of the plate-shaped workpiece. That is, the second aspect of the molding method of the present invention includes a process of forming a concave portion at a first surface of the plate-shaped workpiece, and a process of bending the plate-shaped workpiece by applying a tensile force to the plate-shaped workpiece, while a mold member having a convex shape abuts the first surface of the plate-shaped workpiece, such that the first surface becomes a concave surface and the second surface becomes a convex surface.
In addition, a molded article in accordance with the present invention is manufactured by the above-mentioned molding method for a plate-shaped workpiece.
According to the present invention, since wall thinning with respect to the plate-shaped workpiece is performed in a state in which the plate-shaped workpiece is in a flat plate shape before bending processing, machining using an end mill in a conventional triaxial machining apparatus can be performed. Moreover, since a large diameter end mill can be used, time consumed for the wall thinning can be reduced and manufacturing efficiency can be improved.
In addition, since the wall thinning is performed by machining, there is no waste liquid generated when chemical milling is used, and further, since chips generated by cutting of end mill can be reused as scraps, generation of industrial waste is suppressed.
Furthermore, as the plate-shaped workpiece passed through the wall thinning process is bent using a press machine or a roll bending machine and a tensile force is applied to the plate-shaped workpiece to perform stretch molding, reproducibility of molding precision is good and modification of the plate member is unnecessary so that molding time can be reduced in comparison with the conventional method in which the shot material is projected.
In the molding method for a plate-shaped workpiece in accordance with the present invention, a plurality of concave portions may be formed at one surface of the plate-shaped workpiece at predetermined intervals.
According to the present invention, as the plurality of concave portions are formed at one side surface of the plate-shaped workpiece at predetermined intervals, the plate-shaped workpiece can be bent at a certain radius of curvature.
In the molding method for a plate-shaped workpiece in accordance with the present invention, a process of inserting a shim having a shape corresponding to the concave portion and formed of a material having a lower Young's modulus than the plate-shaped workpiece into the concave portion may be provided.
According to the present invention, as the shim having a lower Young's modulus than the plate-shaped workpiece is inserted into the concave portion formed in the plate-shaped workpiece, the shim is curved by elastic deformation to follow the bending of the plate-shaped workpiece during the bending processing so that a bending radius of the plate-shaped workpiece after the molding can be increased. For this reason, since a bending radius at a wall thinning section, in which the concave portion is formed, approaches a bending radius of a regular section, in which no concave portion is formed, there is no difference in bending shape between the wall thinning section and the regular section, and a smooth concave surface shape can be obtained without being curved in a polygonal shape.
In the molding method for a plate-shaped workpiece in accordance with the present invention, the shim may be loosely fit into the concave portion.
According to the present invention, when plate-shaped workpiece is bent, since the elastic deformation of the shim is absorbed by a minus tolerance of the shim with respect to the concave portion, adhesion between the shim and the concave portion is increased. For this reason, even in the bending processing, the shim can be prevented from coming off of the concave portion.
In the molding method for a plate-shaped workpiece in accordance with the present invention, the shim may be formed of a material having a lower Young's modulus than a processed subject, which may be Bakelite having a Young's modulus of 7 to 10 GPa.
According to the present invention, as the shim formed of Bakelite having a Young's modulus of 7 to 10 GPa is used, better adhesion performance with respect to the concave portion can be obtained. That is, it is possible to suppress inconvenience in which the curve of the shim is reduced to deteriorate followability with respect to the concave portion to reduce the adhesion, or on the other hand, the shim is excessively bent to be separated from the concave portion.
In addition, in the molding method for a plate-shaped workpiece in accordance with the present invention, the concave portion may be formed in a stepped shape.
In the present invention, as the shim also has a stepped portion corresponding to the stepped portion having the stepped shape of the concave portion, the adhesion at the stepped portions can be further increased, followability can be increased, and the plate-shaped workpiece can be smoothly bent.
Further, in the molding method for a plate-shaped workpiece in accordance with the present invention, in the plate-shaped workpiece having the concave portion, a first ratio of a maximum cross-sectional area divided by a minimum cross-sectional area of a vertical cross-section in a tensile direction less than or equal to a second ratio of tensile strength divided by bearing force of the material.
In the present invention, when the first ratio is greater than the second ratio, generation of rupture or local wall thinning due to stress larger than the tensile strength being generated at a minimum cross-section portion can be prevented.
According to the molding method for a plate-shaped workpiece of the present invention, since the wall thinning of the plate-shaped workpiece is performed in a flat plate state before bending processing of the plate-shaped workpiece is performed, machining can be performed by a conventional triaxial machining apparatus using an end mill. As a result, manufacturing efficiency can be improved. Further, in comparison with the wall thinning by the chemical milling, generation of industrial waste can be suppressed.
In addition, according to the first aspect of the molding method for a plate-shaped workpiece of the present invention, since the bending processing with respect to the plate-shaped workpiece is performed using a processing machine such as a press machine, a roll bending machine, or the like, good reproducibility with molding precision can be provided.
Further, according to the second aspect of the molding method for a plate-shaped workpiece of the present invention, since the bending processing with respect to the plate-shaped workpiece is performed using a stretch molding machine that applies a tensile force to the plate-shaped workpiece, good reproducibility with molding precision can be provided.
Hereinafter, a molding method for a plate-shaped workpiece and molded article in accordance with embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Such embodiments exemplarily show an aspect of the present invention, and are not considered to limit the present invention, but may be arbitrarily modified without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention. In addition, in the following drawings, for the convenience of easy description, scales and numbers of each structure may differ from that of the actual structure.
A plate-shaped workpiece 1 shown in
Here, in the first embodiment shown in
The molding method for the plate-shaped workpiece 1 according to the first embodiment includes a wall thinning process of forming a plurality of pockets 11 (concave portions) at the first surface 1a side in a surface direction of the plate-shaped workpiece 1 at predetermined intervals, and a bending process of bending the plate-shaped workpiece 1 by a press machine from one surface to the other surface, i.e., from the second surface 1b toward the first surface 1a.
That is, the molding method of the first embodiment includes a wall thinning process of forming the plurality of pockets 11 in the first surface 1a of the plate-shaped workpiece 1, and a bending process of bending the plate-shaped workpiece 1 using the press machine such that the first surface 1a of the plate-shaped workpiece 1 becomes concave and the second surface 1b becomes convex.
The pocket 11 is disposed at a predetermined position of the first surface 1a of the plate-shaped workpiece 1, and is formed to have, for example, a substantially rectangular shape when seen from a plan view and to have an appropriate thickness dimension by the wall thinning process.
Next, the molding method for the plate-shaped workpiece 1 will be described in detail.
First, in the wall thinning process, the plate-shaped workpiece 1 in a flat plate state shown in
Next, in the bending process, as shown in
Then, the upper mold 22 is pushed against the plate-shaped workpiece 1 into the lower mold 21 side of to locally press the plate-shaped workpiece 1 placed on the lower mold 21, to bend the plate-shaped workpiece 1. Then, as the pressing operation by the upper mold 22 is sequentially repeated while conveying the curved plate-shaped workpiece 1 in a circumferential direction (in a direction of an arrow X of
As a specified example of the molding method, the plate-shaped workpiece 1 having a width dimension of 2 m, a length dimension of 6 m and a plate thickness dimension t1 of about 4 mm and formed of an aluminum alloy of 2024-T3 is provided, wall thinning is performed by machining using an end mill having a tool diameter of 50 mm such that a plate thickness dimension t2 is locally reduced to 2 mm, and then, bending processing is performed to form a cylindrical shape having a radius of curvature of about 3 m using the press machine 2.
In the molding method for a plate-shaped workpiece and the molded article according to the above-mentioned first embodiment, since the wall thinning to form the pockets 11 in the first surface 1a of the plate-shaped workpiece 1 is performed in the flat plate state before the plate-shaped workpiece 1 is bent, the machining using the end mill can be performed by the conventional triaxial machining apparatus. In addition, since a large diameter end mill can be used, time consumed for the wall thinning can be reduced and manufacturing efficiency can be improved.
In addition, since the bending processing is performed with respect to the wall-thinned plate-shaped workpiece 1 using the press machine 2, good reproducibility with molding precision is provided and modification of the plate member is unnecessary so that molding time can be reduced in comparison with the conventional method in which the shot material is projected.
Further, since the wall thinning is performed by the machining, there is no generation of waste liquid when the chemical milling is performed. Moreover, since chips generated by cutting of the end mill can be reused as scraps, generation of the industrial waste can be suppressed.
Next, while another embodiment according to a molding method for a plate-shaped workpiece of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, the same or similar members and portions of the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will not be repeated, but configurations different from those of the previous embodiment will be described.
As shown in
The shim 3 may be formed of a material having good adhesion and fitting with respect to the pocket 11 fitted thereto, preferably, may be formed of a member having a Young's modulus of 5 to 25 GPa, and more preferably, may be formed of Bakelite of 7 to 10 GPa.
Then, the shim 3 is formed at a minus tolerance slightly smaller than an inner hole dimension of the pocket 11 to be loosely fitted into the pocket 11. That is, the shim 3 fitted into the pocket 11 is adhered to the pocket 11 to be in a state in which a slip is generated by elastic deformation in response to a force received from the outside.
In the second embodiment, as the shim 3 is employed, in a state in which a difference (a plate thickness dimension difference Δt) between a first plate thickness dimension t1 (see
Specifically, as the shim 3 formed of a material having a lower Young's modulus (for example, 5 to 25 GPa as described above) than the plate-shaped workpiece 1 is inserted into the pocket 11 formed in the plate-shaped workpiece 1, the shim 3 is curved by elastic deformation following the bending of the plate-shaped workpiece 1 during the bending processing, and thus, a bending radius of the plate-shaped workpiece 1 after the molding can be increased.
For this reason, since the bending radius at the wall thinning section having the pocket 11 approaches the bending radius of the regular section, a difference in bending shape between the wall thinning section and the regular section is eliminated, and a smooth concave surface shape having a certain radius of curvature can be obtained without being curved in a polygonal shape (bending to form a polygonal shape having an apex of the regular section of a large plate thickness dimension).
In addition, since the shim 3 is loosely fitted into the pocket 11, when the plate-shaped workpiece 1 is bent, the elastic deformation of the shim 3 is absorbed by the minus tolerance of the shim 3 with respect to the pocket 11 to increase adhesion between the shim 3 and the pocket 11. For this reason, even in the bending processing, the shim 3 can be prevented from coming-off of the pocket 11.
Further, as Bakelite is used as the material having a Young's modulus of 7 to 10 GPa as described above, better adhesion performance can be obtained.
In addition, when the Young's modulus of the shim 3 is 25 GPa or more, anelastic deformation amount of the shim 3 is small, and cannot easily deform. Accordingly, followability of the shim 3 with respect to the bending of the pocket 11 is deteriorated to generate a gap therebetween, decreasing adhesion. Meanwhile, when the Young's modulus of the shim 3 is less than 5 GPa, since an elastic deformation amount of the shim 3 is large, and can easily deform, it is difficult to curve the plate-shaped workpiece 1 to a certain radius of curvature.
As shown in
Further, in the bending process, since the same the press machine 2 (see
In this case, followability of the stepped portion 3a of the shim 3 at the stepped portion 11a of the pocket 11 is increased, adhesion of the stepped portion can be further improved, and the plate-shaped workpiece 1 can be smoothly bent at a certain radius of curvature.
In addition, the protective member 4 is placed on the first surface 1a, and performs a stoppage function to suppress protrusion of the shim 3 from the pocket 11 during the bending processing.
As shown in
The molding method for the plate-shaped workpiece 1 according to the fourth embodiment includes a wall thinning process of forming a plurality of pockets 11 (concave portions) at a first surface 1a side in a surface direction of the plate-shaped workpiece 1 at predetermined intervals, and a bending process of performing the stretch molding to apply a tensile force while a convex portion of a lower mold 21 (mold member) abuts a first surface 1a of the plate-shaped workpiece 1.
That is, the molding method of the fourth embodiment includes a wall thinning process of forming the plurality of pockets 11 at the first surface 1a of the plate-shaped workpiece 1, and a bending process of applying a tensile force to the plate-shaped workpiece 1 while the convex portion of the lower mold 121 abuts the first surface 1a of the plate-shaped workpiece 1. In addition, in the wall thinning process, since the same processing as the first embodiment is performed, detailed description thereof will not be repeated.
Here, the plate-shaped workpiece 1 having the pocket 11 should have sufficient strength to enable the stretch molding. Then, a molding member in which a first ratio e1 of a maximum cross-sectional area divided by a minimum cross-sectional area of a vertical cross-section in a tensile direction after the wall thinning is less than or equal to a second ratio e2 of tensile strength divided by bearing force of a material is used in the plate-shaped workpiece 1.
As a result, similar to the case in which the first ratio e1 is greater than the second ratio e2 (e1>e2), generation of rupture or local wall thinning due to stress larger than the tensile strength applying to the minimum cross-section portion can be prevented.
The pocket 11 is disposed at a predetermined position of the first surface 1a of the plate-shaped workpiece 1, and is formed to have, for example, a substantially rectangular shape when seen from a plan view and to have an appropriate thickness dimension by the wall thinning.
Next, the molding method for the plate-shaped workpiece 1 will be more specifically described.
First, in the wall thinning process, for example, the conventional triaxial machining apparatus equipped with an end mill is used with respect to the plate-shaped workpiece 1 in a flat plate state, and wall thinning processing is performed with a predetermined depth (thickness dimension) to a predetermined positions to form the plurality of pockets 11 (see
For example, wall thinning of the plate-shaped workpiece 1 having a width dimension of 2 m, a length dimension of 6 m and a plate thickness dimension t1 of about 4 mm and formed of an aluminum alloy member of 2024-T3 can be performed through machining using an end mill having a tool diameter of 50 mm to have a local plate thickness dimension t2 of 2 mm.
Next, in the stretch molding by the bending process, as shown in
As shown in
Then, after gripping both ends 1c and 1c of the plate-shaped workpiece 1 placed on the lower mold 121 by the tensile machines 122 and 123, the tensile machines 122 and 123 are moved in a direction away from each other to apply a tensile force F to the plate-shaped workpiece 1 so that the plate-shaped workpiece 1 extends in the tangential direction to be curved along the curved convex surface 121a. Accordingly, the plate-shaped workpiece 1 having the flat plate shape can be cylindrically bent to form the first surface 1a into a smooth concave shape, i.e., the concave surface 1a can be formed at the plate-shaped workpiece 1.
Here, in the plate-shaped workpiece 1, since tension by the tensile force F applied from the stretch molding machine 102 is evenly applied to the entire surface, large stress is applied to a thin portion (a wall thinning section), in which wall thinning is performed, and only small stress is applied to a thick portion (a regular section having no pocket). For this reason, the plate-shaped workpiece 1 requires that stress of a cross-section of the regular section be larger than bearing force of the member and larger than yield stress, and stress of the wall thinning section be lower than the tensile strength.
On the other hand, in the embodiment, as described above, as a molding member in which a first ratio e1 of a maximum cross-sectional area divided by a minimum cross-sectional area of a vertical cross-section in a tensile direction of the plate-shaped workpiece 1 passed through the wall thinning process is less than or equal to a second ratio e2 of tensile strength divided by bearing force of the material is used, appropriate stretch molding can be performed without generating local wall thinning, rupture, or the like.
In the molding method for a plate-shaped workpiece and molded article according to the first embodiment, since the stretch molding is performed to apply a tensile force to the plate-shaped workpiece 1 passed through the wall thinning process using the stretch molding machine 102, good reproducibility with molding precision can be provided, modification is unnecessary, and molding time can be reduced, in comparison with the conventional art in which the shot material is projected.
As shown in
The shim 3 may be formed of a material having high adhesion and fitting with respect to the pocket 11 fitted thereto, preferably, may be formed of a member having a Young's modulus of 5 to 25 GPa, and more preferably, may be formed of Bakelite of 7 to 10 GPa.
Then, the shim 3 is formed at a minus tolerance slightly smaller than an inner hole dimension of the pocket 11 to be loosely fitted into the pocket 11. That is, the shim 3 fitted into the pocket 11 is adhered to the pocket 11 to be in a state in which a slip is generated by elastic deformation in response to a force received from the outside.
In the fifth embodiment, as the shim 3 is employed, in a state in which a difference (a plate thickness dimension difference Δt) between a first plate thickness dimension t1 (see
Specifically, as the shim 3 formed of a material having a lower Young's modulus (for example, 5 to 25 GPa as described above) than the plate-shaped workpiece 1 is inserted into the pocket 11 formed in the plate-shaped workpiece 1, the shim 3 is curved by elastic deformation following the bending of the plate-shaped workpiece 1 during the bending processing, and thus, a bending radius of the plate-shaped workpiece 1 after the molding can be increased.
For this reason, since the bending radius at the wall thinning section having the pocket 11 approaches the bending radius of the regular section, a difference in bending shape between the wall thinning section and the regular section is eliminated, and a smooth concave surface shape having a certain radius of curvature can be obtained without being curved in a polygonal shape (bending to form a polygonal shape having an apex of the regular section of a large plate thickness dimension).
In addition, since the shim 3 is loosely fitted into the pocket 11, when the plate-shaped workpiece 1 is bent, the elastic deformation of the shim 3 is absorbed by the minus tolerance of the shim 3 with respect to the pocket 11 to increase adhesion between the shim 3 and the pocket 11. For this reason, even in the bending processing, the shim 3 can be prevented from coming off of the pocket 11.
Further, as Bakelite is used as the material having a Young's modulus of 7 to 10 GPa as described above, better adhesion performance can be obtained.
In addition, when the Young's modulus of the shim 3 is 25 GPa or more, an elastic deformation amount of the shim 3 is small and cannot easily deform. Accordingly, followability of the shim 3 with respect to the bending of the pocket 11 is deteriorated to generate a gap therebetween, decreasing adhesion. Meanwhile, when the Young's modulus of the shim 3 is less than 5 GPa, since an elastic deformation amount of the shim 3 is large and can easily deform, it is difficult to curve the plate-shaped workpiece 1 to a certain radius of curvature.
Next, an experimental example performed to demonstrate effects according to the molding method for a plate-shaped workpiece and the molded article in accordance with the second and third embodiments will be described.
In the example, a shim formed of Bakelite was fitted into a pocket, and a radius of curvature of the plate-shaped workpiece by the bending processing was checked. Specifically, FEM analysis was used, a model of the plate-shaped workpiece and the shim was written, in a state in which the shim was fitted into the pocket having a predetermined shape and size, bending of the plate-shaped workpiece was analyzed under the following conditions, and the radius of curvature of the plate-shaped workpiece was obtained with varying a Young's modulus at each shim.
In addition, the workpiece can be effectively bent as the radius of curvature obtained by the analysis is increased.
As analysis conditions, the plate-shaped workpiece 1 had a first plate thickness dimension t1 of 6.87 mm and a second plate thickness dimension t2 of 2.51 mm, and the plate-shaped workpiece 1 was formed of an elastic-plastic body having a Young's modulus of 72 Pa, a Poisson's ratio of 0.33, a density of 2.77 g/cm3, and a yield stress of 324 MPa. Density of the shim 3 was 1.32 g/cm3. Further, as conditions of the bending processing, a coefficient of friction between the mold and the material and between the materials was 0.2, a molding speed (conveyance speed) was 10 mm/sec, and a conveyance stroke was about 8.9 mm.
As shown in
While the embodiments of the molding method for a plate-shaped workpiece and the molded article in accordance with the present invention have been described, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments but may be appropriately modified without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
For example, while the first, second and third embodiments have employed the press machine 2 in the bending process, the bending processing is not limited thereto but may employ a roll bending machine. In addition, the stretch molding machine 102 used in the bending process of the fourth embodiment is not limited to the structure described in the embodiment.
In the second, third and fifth embodiments, while Bakelite has been employed as the shim 3, the material is not limited thereto but may be other materials such as epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester, or the like, or a member in which these materials are filled with glass fiber may be used.
The shim 3 may be temporarily fixed to prevent separation from the pocket 11. In brief, the shim 3 loosely fitted into the pocket 11 may be slipped within a tolerance range thereof to be in a state in which elastic deformation can be made by the bending.
While the third embodiment has the stepped portion 11a having one stage formed in the pocket 11, the number of stages can be arbitrarily set, and two or more stages may be formed at the stepped portion 11a. For example, when the plate thickness dimension of the plate-shaped workpiece 1 is large, a multi-stage stepped portion can be provided, and when the plate thickness dimension is small, one stage or no step portion can be provided.
In addition, components in the above-mentioned embodiments may be appropriately replaced with well-known components, and further, the above-mentioned embodiments may be appropriately assembled with each other, without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
The present invention relates to a molding method for a plate-shaped workpiece and a molded article manufactured according to the same. According to the present invention, manufacturing efficiency of the curved plate-shaped workpiece can be improved, and generation of industrial waste can be suppressed.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2010-062625 | Mar 2010 | JP | national |
| 2010-062626 | Mar 2010 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2011/056523 | 3/18/2011 | WO | 00 | 9/17/2012 |
