Claims
- 1. A molding composition which provides articles having smooth, glossy surfaces on release from a mold consisting essentially of:
- A. polyethylene terephthalate having an inherent viscosity of at least about 0.4;
- B. between about 10 and about 60 percent by weight reinforcing or filling material;
- C. a material selected from a sodium or potassium salt of a hydrocarbon acid containing between about 7 and 25 carbon atoms, or a sodium or potassium salt of an organic polymer which contains pendant carboxyl groups, said material present in an amount sufficient to provide a .DELTA.H.sub.H /.DELTA.H.sub.c ratio of less than 0.25 to a mixture of components A, B and C;
- D. a compound present in an amount sufficient to provide a Tpk at least 4.degree. C. lower than the Tpk of a mixture of components A, B and C, said compound being selected from
- (a) organic esters selected from the product of an aromatic carboxylic acid of 7-11 carbon atoms containing at least 1 carboxyl group per aromatic nucleus which is attached directly to said nucleus, and an alcohol selected from those of the formula (HOCH.sub.2 --.sub.x R' wherein x is 1, 2 or 3 and R' is a hydrocarbon radical of 2-15 carbon atoms or those of the formula HO--R"O).sub.y '" wherein y is a cardinal number between 1 and 15, R" is a hydrocarbon radical of 2-15 carbon atoms, and R'" is --H or a hydrocarbon radical of 2-20 carbon atoms,
- (b) organic ketones of the formula ##STR3## (c) organic sulfones of the formula RSOOR, (d) organic sulfoxides of the formula R.sub.2 SO,
- (e) organic nitriles of the formula RCN, or
- (f) organic amides of the formula ##STR4## wherein in formulas (b) through (f) each R can be the same as, or different from, any other R and is a hydrocarbyl group of 1-25 carbon atoms, while in the formulas in (f) R' is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group of 1-25 carbon atoms.
- 2. The composition of claim 1 wherein Component C is the sodium or potassium salt of an organic polymer which contains pendant carboxyl groups.
- 3. The composition of claim 1 wherein Component C is the sodium or potassium salt of a copolymer of an olefin and acrylic or methacrylic acid.
- 4. The composition of claim 1 wherein Component C is the sodium salt of a copolymer of ethylene and methacrylic acid in which at least 30% of the carboxyl groups are neutralized with sodium.
- 5. The composition of claim 1 wherein Component D is an organic ester selected from the organic esters defined in claim 1.
- 6. The composition of claims 2, 3 or 4 wherein Component D is an organic ester selected from the product of an aromatic carboxylic acid of 7-11 carbon atoms containing 1-3 carboxyl groups per aromatic nucleus and an alcohol selected from those of the formula (HOCH.sub.2 --.sub.x R' wherein x is 1, 2 or 3 and R' is alkyl of 2-10 carbon atoms when x is 1 and R' is alkylene of 2-10 carbon atoms when x is 2 or 3, or those of the formula HO--R"O).sub.y R'" wherein y is a cardinal number of between 1 and 8, R" is alkylene of 2-8 carbon atoms and R'" is --H.
- 7. The composition of claims 2, 3 or 4 wherein Component D is an ester selected from the product of benzoic acid and an alcohol of the formula (HOCH.sub.2 --.sub.2 R' wherein R' is alkylene of 4-6 carbon atoms or HO(R"O--.sub.y H wherein R" is ethylene or propylene, and y is 2 or 3.
- 8. The composition of claims 1, 3 or 5 wherein Component B is glass fiber.
- 9. The composition of claims 1, 3 or 5 wherein Component B is glass fiber and which contains 0.1 to 1.5 percent by weight of an epoxy compound.
- 10. An article having a smooth glossy surface molded from the composition of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5.
- 11. A process for manufacturing a molded article having a smooth, glossy surface which comprises shaping a composition defined in claims 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 in a mold at a surface mold temperature of below 110.degree. C.
- 12. A molding composition which provides articles having smooth, glossy surfaces on release from a mold consisting essentially of
- A. polyethylene terephthalate having an inherent viscosity of at least about 0.4;
- B. between about 10 and about 60 percent by weight reinforcing or filling material;
- C. a material selected from a sodium or potassium salt of a hydrocarbon acid containing between about 7 and 25 carbon atoms, or a sodium or potassium salt of an organic polymer which contains pendant carboxyl groups, said material present in an amount sufficient to provide a .DELTA.H.sub.H /.DELTA.H.sub.c ratio of less than 0.25 to a mixture of components A, B and C;
- D. A compound present in an amount sufficient to provide a Tpk at least 4.degree. C. lower than the Tkp of a mixture of components A, B and C, said compound being selected from
- (a) organic esters selected from the class consisting of
- (i) an ester of the product of benzoic acid and an alcohol of the formula (HOCH.sub.2 --.sub.2 R' wherein R' is alkylene of 4-6 carbon atoms or HO(R"O--.sub.y H wherein R" is ethylene or propylene and y is 2 or 3;
- (ii) tri-2-ethyl hexyl trimellitate;
- (iii) phenyl benzoate;
- (iv) trimethylolethane tribenzoate;
- (v) dioctylphthalate;
- (vi) diisodecylphthalate;
- (b) organic ketones of the formula ##STR5## (c) organic sulfones of the formula RSOOR, (d) organic sulfoxides of the formula R.sub.2 SO,
- (e) organic nitriles of the formula RCN, or
- (f) organic amides of the formula ##STR6## wherein the formulas (b) through (f) each R can be the same as, or different from, any other R and is a hydrocarbyl group of 1-25 carbon atoms, while in the formulas in (f) R' is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group of 1-25 carbon atoms. .Iadd.
- 13. A molding composition which provides articles having smooth, glossy surfaces on release from a mold consisting essentially of:
- A. polyethylene terephthalate having an inherent viscosity of at least about 0.4;
- B. between about 10 and about 60 percent by weight reinforcing or filling material;
- C. at least one salt selected from the sodium and potassium salts of hydrocarbon carboxylic acids containing between about 7 and 25 carbon atoms, and the sodium and potassium salts of a carboxyl containing organic polymer, said salt present in an amount sufficient to provide a .DELTA.H.sub.H /.DELTA.H.sub.c ratio of less than 0.25 to a mixture of components A, B and C;
- D. at least one compound present in an amount sufficient to provide a Tpk at least 4.degree. C. lower than the Tpk of a mixture of components A, B and C, said compound being selected from
- (a) organic esters selected from the product of an aromatic carboxylic acid of 7-11 carbon atoms containing at least 1 carboxyl group per aromatic nucleus which is attached directly to said nucleus, and an alcohol selected from those of the formula (HOCH.sub.2).sub.x R' wherein x is 1, 2 or 3 and R' is a hydrocarbon radical of 2-15 carbon atoms or those of the formula HO(R"O).sub.y R"' wherein y is a cardinal number between 1 and 15, R" is a hydrocarbon radical of 2-15 carbon atoms, and R"' is --H or a hydrocarbon radical of 2-20 carbon atoms,
- (b) organic ketones of the formula ##STR7## (c) organic sulfones of the formula RSOOR, (d) organic sulfoxides of the formula R.sub.2 SO
- (e) organic nitriles of the formula RCN,
- (f) organic amides of the formula ##STR8## wherein in formulas (b) through (f) each R can be the same as, or different from, any other R and is a hydrocarbyl group of 1-25 carbon atoms, while in the formula in (f) R' is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group of 1-25 carbon atoms. .Iaddend. .Iadd.
- 14. The composition of claim 13 wherein Component C is at least one salt selected from the sodium and potassium salts of a carboxyl containing organic polymer. .Iaddend. .Iadd.
- 15. The composition of claim 14 wherein Component D is at least one organic ester selected from the organic esters defined in claim 13. .Iaddend. .Iadd.16. An article having a smooth, glossy surface molded from the composition of claim 13, 14 or 15. .Iaddend. .Iadd.17. A process for manufacturing a molded article having a smooth, glossy surface which comprises shaping a composition defined in claim 13, 14 or 15 in a mold at a surface mold temperature of below 110.degree. C. .Iaddend.
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application .Iadd.is a continuation Ser. No. 496,938 filed May 23, 1983, now abandoned, which .Iaddend.is a continuation-in-part of application of application Ser. No. 882,219, filed Feb. 28, 1978, now abandoned.
This invention relates to polyethylene terephthalate resins useful in molding applications. More particularly, this invention relates to polyethylene terephthalate resins containing an inorganic reinforcing or filler material.
It is desirable to enhance the strength of articles molded from polyethylene terephthalate resin by employing a reinforcing material such as glass fibers, asbestos fibers or other fibrous mineral materials with a coupling agent, in the resin. Furthermore, it is sometimes sufficient to merely increase the modulus by use of a filler, such as beads or a mineral of low aspect ratio, in the resin. However, heretofore, it was necessary to use very high mold temperatures, on the order of 130.degree. C., to obtain molded articles from such reinforced or filled resins which had a glossy surface and which were not rough in texture. If these high mold temperatures were not employed, the molded articles had a rough surface with poor gloss. It is believed that the crystallization rate of polyethylene terephthalate is too slow below about 130.degree. C. to result in a molded article having good surface characteristics.
While good surface characteristics can be obtained at molding temperatures of 130.degree. C. or more, the use of such temperatures is not practical in the molding field, for most molds are heated with water and attain temperatures of only about 85.degree.-110.degree. C.
A few molding devices employ heating means such as oil to reach temperatures higher than 85.degree.-110.degree. C. but these generally are inconvenient to use and still either do not generally reach such temperatures or reach them unevenly because of inadequate coring. Because of these heating problems, it has proven commercially unattractive to employ these high temperature molding devices with reinforced or filled polyethylene terephthalate resins.
It is desirable to provide a reinforced or filled polyethylene terephthalate resin that can be molded at mold temperatures below about 110.degree. C. to produce a molded article having a smooth and glossy surface. The reinforced or filled polyethylene terephthalate resins of this invention achieve the foregoing by having incorporated therein (1) a sodium or potassium salt of a selected hydrocarbon acid or a sodium or potassium salt of a selected organic polymer containing pendant carboxyl groups and (2) a selected low molecular weight organic ester, ketone, sulfone, sulfoxide, nitrile or amide.
Specifically, the resins of this invention are compositions consisting essentially of:
US Referenced Citations (8)
Foreign Referenced Citations (4)
| Number |
Date |
Country |
| 2014770 |
Oct 1970 |
DEX |
| 2706128 |
Aug 1977 |
DEX |
| 1117139 |
Jun 1968 |
GBX |
| 1303606 |
Jan 1973 |
GBX |
Continuations (1)
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Number |
Date |
Country |
| Parent |
496938 |
May 1983 |
|
Continuation in Parts (1)
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Number |
Date |
Country |
| Parent |
882219 |
Feb 1978 |
|
Reissues (1)
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Number |
Date |
Country |
| Parent |
000631 |
Jan 1979 |
|
Patent Grant
RE32334
