This application claims priority based on Finnish Application No. 20125185, filed Feb. 17, 2012, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
1 Field
The invention relates to the field of performance and activity monitors, such as sports computers and, particularly, to configuring such a device to monitor accumulated activity.
2. Description of the Related Art
There are several types of exercise devices in the markets. Some of them are designed for athletes that concentrate heavily on their sports genres. Other devices are designed for monitoring general activity of a user to enable the user to ensure that he/she maintains a daily activity level. Such devices typically operate such that there is provided a target value and, then, the user's physical activity is measured with a measurement device attached to the user, and the measurement results are compared with the target value so as to determine whether or not the user has achieved the target.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a computer program product embodied on a computer readable distribution medium arranged, when read by the computer, to cause execution of a computer process comprising: acquiring, in an activity monitoring apparatus, target accumulation parameters defining a target total amount of physical activity for a user to accumulate within an observation interval, wherein the amount of physical activity is defined in terms of an attribute measurable during the physical activity; distributing, in the activity monitoring apparatus, the target accumulation parameters into a plurality of subsets in a time domain such that each subset is associated with a time sub-interval and a target accumulation value, wherein the sum of the sub-intervals equals to the observation interval; and monitoring, in the activity monitoring apparatus, the physical activity of the user during a sub-interval by comparing a measured accumulation of the physical activity with the target accumulation derived from at least the target accumulation value of the sub-interval and by outputting a progress indicator indicating the measured accumulation of the physical activity with respect to the target accumulation.
According to yet another aspect, there is provided an apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory including program instructions, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the apparatus to: acquire target accumulation parameters defining a target total amount of physical activity for a user to accumulate within an observation interval, wherein the amount of physical activity is defined in terms of an attribute measurable during the physical activity; distribute the target accumulation parameters into a plurality of subsets in a time domain such that each subset is associated with a time sub-interval and a target accumulation value, wherein the sum of the sub-intervals equals to the observation interval; and monitor the physical activity of the user during a sub-interval by comparing a measured accumulation of the physical activity with the target accumulation derived from at least the target accumulation value of the sub-interval and by outputting a progress indicator indicating the measured accumulation of the physical activity with respect to the target accumulation.
In an embodiment, the target accumulation values represent a cumulative distribution function of the total amount of physical activity, and the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the apparatus to: acquire measured accumulation of the physical activity measured during said sub-interval and during all previous sub-intervals of the observation interval, if any; and compute the progress indicator by comparing the difference between the acquired measured accumulation of the physical activity and the target accumulation value of the current sub-interval.
In an embodiment, the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the apparatus to distribute the target accumulation parameters into the plurality of subsets unequally such that at least one of the sub-intervals is associated with higher target accumulation of physical activity than at least one other sub-interval. In an embodiment, the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the apparatus to distribute the target accumulation parameters into a plurality of subsets unequally according to an initial estimate of a user activity accumulation distribution during the observation interval.
In an embodiment, the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the apparatus to: determine a distribution of the measured accumulation of the physical activity within at least one previous observation interval preceding the observation interval by determining the measured accumulation of the physical activity during each sub-interval of the at least one previous observation interval; and distribute the target accumulation parameters into the plurality of subsets by using the determined distribution of the measured accumulation as a distribution model. In an embodiment, the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the apparatus to offset the distribution of the target accumulation parameters of the observation interval such that the distribution of the target accumulation parameters of the observation interval is advanced with respect to the measured accumulation within the at least one previous observation interval by one sub-interval. In an embodiment, the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the apparatus to average the measured accumulation of the physical activity over a plurality of said previous observation intervals.
In an embodiment, the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the apparatus to: acquire an initial distribution model for the target accumulation parameters; acquire a measured accumulation value of the physical activity for each sub-interval measured during the previous observation interval; determine a sub-interval in which a target accumulation value of the initial distribution model is the highest with respect to the measured accumulation value of a subsequent sub-interval and reducing the target accumulation value of the determined sub-interval in the initial distribution model; determine a sub-interval in which a target accumulation value of the initial distribution model is the lowest with respect to the measured accumulation value of a subsequent sub-interval and raising the target accumulation value of the determined sub-interval in the initial distribution model.
In an embodiment, the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the apparatus to acquire the measured the accumulated physical activity that comprises at least one of the following attributes of the user: heart rate, acceleration, speed, power, and energy consumption.
In an embodiment, the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the apparatus to: acquire a plurality of types of measured accumulation data for each sub-interval, wherein the plurality of types of measurement data are measured with different types of sensors; combine the plurality of types of measured accumulation data into a common format for each sub-interval; and monitor the physical activity of the user during each sub-interval by comparing the combined measured accumulation data with the corresponding target accumulation of the physical activity and by outputting a progress indicator indicating the measured accumulation of the physical activity with respect to the target accumulation physical activity. Further embodiments of the invention are defined in the dependent claims.
Embodiments of the present invention are described below, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which
The following embodiments are exemplary. Although the specification may refer to “an”, “one”, or “some” embodiment(s) in several locations, this does not necessarily mean that each such reference is to the same embodiment(s), or that the feature only applies to a single embodiment. Single features of different embodiments may also be combined to provide other embodiments. Furthermore, words “comprising” and “including” should be understood as not limiting the described embodiments to consist of only those features that have been mentioned and such embodiments may contain also features/structures that have not been specifically mentioned.
Embodiments of the present invention relate to monitoring physical activity of a user over a time interval. The monitoring may be carried out by an activity monitoring apparatus associated with the user. An activity monitoring apparatus is an apparatus comprising means for monitoring user's physical activity.
Referring to
In an embodiment, the user interface unit is a wrist device.
In an embodiment, the user interface unit a unit attachable to the user's head.
In an embodiment, the user interface unit comprises attachment means for attaching the user interface unit to a bicycle.
In an embodiment, the sensor is a heart activity sensor. The heart activity sensor may be based on an ECG detection from the user's skin or optical blood oximetry.
In an embodiment, the sensor is a motion sensor based on an accelerometer, a magnetometer or a gyroscope.
Let us now describe an embodiment of the invention for monitoring the physical activity of the user 11 with reference to a flow diagram of
In an embodiment, the target total amount of physical activity is defined in the form of the measurable attribute maintained with determined boundaries for a determined duration within the determined time interval.
In an embodiment, the measurable attribute is an activity measured by an acceleration sensor comprised in the activity monitoring apparatus or in communication with the activity monitoring apparatus. The measured acceleration may then be mapped to an activity metric such a metabolic equivalent of task (MET), energy consumption, etc. As a consequence, the measurable attribute per the time interval may be, for example, having MET above a threshold, e.g. 2.0 corresponding to walking intensity, for a determined duration within the determined time interval. Whenever the user's 11 activity is detected to increase above this threshold through the measurements, the user is considered to accumulate this type of activity for the duration the activity is above the threshold.
In an embodiment, the measurable attribute comprises user's energy expenditure. The energy expenditure may be measured from heart activity with an ECG-type (Electrocardiogram) measurement or with optical blood oximetry-based measurement with a sensor of the activity monitoring apparatus.
In an embodiment, the measurable attribute comprises accumulated time at given heart rate zone or combination of given heart rate zones. A heart rate zone is defined by a lower heart rate limit and a upper heart rate limit between which the measured heart rate is expected to locate in order to contribute to the accumulated time.
In an embodiment, the measurable attribute comprises an accumulated time at given speed zone. The speed may be running, walking or cycling speed. A speed zone is defined by a lower speed limit and an upper speed limit between which the measured speed is expected to locate in order to contribute to the accumulated time.
In an embodiment, the measurable attribute comprises an accumulated time at given power zone. The power is typically a measure characterizing the user's output power. The output power may be motion power or pedalling power, for example. A power zone is defined by a lower power limit and an upper power limit between which the measured power is expected to locate in order to contribute to the accumulated time. The motion power may be measured with an accelerometer fixed to the user. The cycling power may be measured with a cycling power sensor attached to the force transmission system of a bicycle.
In an embodiment, the measurable attribute comprises user's training load. The training load is a measure for the user's cardiovascular or mechanical load. Examples of training load characterizations are Trimp (Training Impulse), EPOC (Excess Post-exercise oxygen consumption), and Training Load by Polar Electro disclosed by US patent publication US 2011/021419.
The training load may be measured from heart activity with an ECG-type (Electrocardiogram) measurement or with optical blood oximetry-based measurement with a sensor of the activity monitoring apparatus. In an embodiment, the total target accumulation parameters are distributed in the time domain to enable better evaluation of the progress of the activity within the determined time interval. The observation interval may be set sufficiently long to enable monitoring the user's everyday physical activity, for example. Therefore, in an embodiment the observation interval is one day. The observation interval may thus span beyond the duration of a single physical exercise that may last an hour or a couple of hours but it may be shorter than a training program comprising a plurality of exercises that span over several days or weeks. This type of evaluation enables the activity monitoring apparatus to compute the actual distribution of the user's activity within the determined time interval. The distribution of the target accumulation values over the observation interval may specify a default target for accumulating the activity, but it the user may in practice reach the total target accumulation with a different distribution. As a consequence, the activity monitoring apparatus may use the distribution of the target accumulation values only as a tool for evaluating the current progress with respect to the total target accumulation, and the conclusion of whether or not the total target accumulation was reached is made after the observation interval has elapsed.
The target accumulation parameters may be distributed uniformly in the time domain, as shown in the embodiment of
Let us now consider the operation of the activity monitoring apparatus when it is configured to monitor the activity of the user during the observation interval with reference to
The activity monitoring apparatus may also determine a progress index of the current sub-interval with respect to the total duration of the observation interval and, thus, it is possible to compute the ratio between the duration from the start of the observation interval and the total duration of the observation interval to express the percentage of how much of the observation interval has already lapsed.
By using these two ratios or values proportional to the ratios, the activity monitoring apparatus may compute the progress indicator. The progress indicator may be computed by evaluating the difference between the ratios, and the progress indicator may be displayed to the user in a user interface (see
Obviously, the above-described functionality may be encoded into the target accumulation values assigned to each sub-interval. Each sub-interval may be assigned with a cumulative value which represents the target amount of physical activity that should have been accumulated before the end of the sub-interval. As a consequence, the distribution of the target accumulation values represents a cumulative distribution function of the physical activity, wherein a target accumulation value assigned to a given sub-interval is equal to or higher than a target accumulation value of a previous sub-interval and equal to or lower than a target accumulation value of a subsequent sub-interval. For example, the target accumulation value of the last sub-interval equals to the target total accumulation value. This embodiment enables direct comparison between the measured accumulation and the target accumulation and reduces computation in the activity monitoring apparatus.
In another embodiment, the distribution is determined according to previously measured history data. The history data may be measured during one or more previous observation intervals.
This distribution may serve as the distribution model used for distributing the target accumulation parameters into the plurality of subsets in block 504. Block 504 may comprise assigning the target accumulation values to the sub-intervals such that their distribution follows this distribution model determined in block 502. If the target total amount of the accumulated physical activity differs between the previous observation intervals and the present observation interval, the target accumulation values assigned to the sub-intervals may be scaled such that the distribution model remains essentially similar.
When the procedure is carried out for the first time and there is no measured history data available, the uniform distribution model may be used as an initial distribution model and/or user input may be used to modify the initial distribution model. Referring to
In an embodiment, the process of
Another embodiment for using the history data to modify the distribution model is now described with reference to
In block 702, a sub-interval in which a target accumulation value of the initial distribution model is the highest with respect to the measured accumulation value of a subsequent sub-interval is determined. Then, the target accumulation value of the determined sub-interval is reduced in the initial distribution model. In block 704, a sub-interval in which a target accumulation value of the initial distribution model is the lowest with respect to the measured accumulation value of a subsequent sub-interval is determined. Then, the target accumulation value of the determined sub-interval is raised in the initial distribution model. As a result, a modified distribution model is achieved, wherein the modifications result in a distribution model that better matches with the measurements than the initial distribution model. This modified distribution model may then be used in block 202. The procedure of
Let us assume that each box corresponds to 5 minutes of activity. In
In block 702 in which the activity monitoring apparatus determines the sub-interval where the target accumulation value is the highest with respect to the measured accumulation value of the subsequent sub-interval, the activity monitoring apparatus detects that the sub-interval is between 18:00 and 19:00 of the initial distribution model (four block of difference). On the other hand, in block 704 the activity monitoring apparatus detects that the sub-interval where the target accumulation value is the lowest with respect to the measured accumulation value of the subsequent sub-interval is the sub-interval between 15:00 and 16:00 of the initial distribution model. As a consequence, the target accumulation value is reduced in the sub-interval 18:00 to 19:00 (shown by dot-lined block in the sub-interval), and the target accumulation value is increased in the sub-interval 15:00 to 16:00 (shown by dash-lined block in the sub-interval). The value defining how much the target accumulation value is increased/decreased may be determined according to the design of the activity monitoring apparatus. In an embodiment, the value is proportional to the number of sub-intervals, and the value may be derived by dividing the target total accumulation value by the number of sub-intervals. For example, if the number of sub-intervals is 24 as in the illustrated examples, the value may be derived by dividing the target total accumulation value by 24.
Depending on how much the activity monitoring apparatus is configured to modify the initial distribution model, the activity monitoring apparatus may reiterate blocks 702 and 704 for a determined number of times by using the modified distribution model as the initial distribution model in a subsequent iteration.
In an embodiment, the measured accumulation that is compared with the target accumulation is acquired from single type of measurements, e.g. heart rate measurements. In another embodiment, the measured accumulation is acquired through a plurality of types of measurements, e.g. heart rate measurements and acceleration measurements. The different types of measurements may be associated with different types of activities.
In another embodiment, a unique target total accumulation value is assigned to each of the plurality of types of measurement data, and the target accumulation parameters comprise at least a first and a second target total accumulation value. The first and second target total accumulation value may each be associated with a different type of activity. Then, the first target total accumulation value and the second target total accumulation value may be divided into the plurality of subsets in a time domain separately such that each subset is associated with a time sub-interval, a first target accumulation value, and a second target accumulation value. Then, the physical activity of the user may be monitored during each sub-interval by comparing measured accumulation of each type of physical activity with the corresponding target accumulation value, and by deriving a separate progress indicator value for each type of activity. These progress indicators may then be combined to obtain the comparison results, and by outputting a total progress indicator indicating the measured total accumulation of the physical activity with respect to the target accumulation parameters. It should be appreciated that there are other, equivalent procedures for taking a plurality of activity types into account according to the principles of these embodiments.
Referring to
The processor 100 may comprise a target setting circuitry 106 configured to retrieve from the memory the distribution model 124 and the target accumulation parameters 126 and to distribute the target accumulation values into the sub-intervals according to the distribution determined in the above-described manner. The target setting circuitry 106 may then indicate the completion of the preparations for monitoring the physical activity of the user, and it may output the target value distribution to a performance evaluation circuitry 108. The performance evaluation circuitry 108 may acquire measurement data from the sensor(s) or from the memory 120 and convert the measurement data into the measured accumulation data. Let us note that the data acquired from the sensor(s) may be raw data representing the heart rate, acceleration, speed, power, energy consumption, etc. and the raw data may need to be processed into the measured accumulation data. The processing may be carried out by determining the boundaries for the accumulation data, e.g. the heart rate limits or acceleration limits that cause the accumulation of the measurement data. The performance evaluation circuitry 108 may comprise or be in communication with a timer in order to determine the duration in which the measurement data was in the predefined limits so as to determine the measured accumulation duration. The performance evaluation circuitry 108 may further carry out the comparison between the measured accumulation data and the target accumulation associated with the current sub-interval and derive the progress indicator. The performance evaluation circuitry 108 may then output the progress indicator to the user interface 102 configured to map the received progress indicator into an appropriate display element. The performance evaluation circuitry 108 may further store the measured accumulation data in the memory 120 as new history data 122.
In summary, the apparatus may comprise at least one processor 100; and at least one memory 120 including program instructions, wherein the at least one memory 120 and the computer program code are configured, with the at least one processor 100, to cause the apparatus to carry out any one of the embodiments of the activity monitor apparatus.
As used in this application, the term ‘circuitry’ refers to all of the following: (a) hardware-only circuit implementations such as implementations in only analog and/or digital circuitry; (b) combinations of circuits and software and/or firmware, such as (as applicable): (i) a combination of processor(s) or processor cores; or (ii) portions of processor(s)/software including digital signal processor(s), software, and at least one memory that work together to cause an apparatus to perform specific functions; and (c) circuits, such as a microprocessor(s) or a portion of a microprocessor(s), that require software or firmware for operation, even if the software or firmware is not physically present.
This definition of ‘circuitry’ applies to all uses of this term in this application. As a further example, as used in this application, the term “circuitry” would also cover an implementation of merely a processor (or multiple processors) or portion of a processor, e.g. one core of a multi-core processor, and its (or their) accompanying software and/or firmware. The term “circuitry” would also cover, for example and if applicable to the particular element, a baseband integrated circuit, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), and/or a field-programmable grid array (FPGA) circuit for the apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention.
The processes or methods described in
As described above, the activity measurement device 1100 may transmit the activity measurement data to the user interface device 1102. The transmission may be carried out in a continuous manner during the physical activity and during an observation interval, e.g. in real time, or the activity measurement data measured over a longer interval, e.g. over one or more observation intervals or sub-intervals, may be transmitted in a bundle. In the previous case, the user interface device 1102 may operate as the activity monitoring device during the observation intervals and monitor the accumulated activity with respect to the target accumulation in real time during the observation intervals. The user interface device may display the progress indicator illustrated in
The user interface device 1102 may be a computer or a portable computer such as a personal computer (PC), a laptop computer, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a palm computer, a mobile phone or a smart phone, or a tablet computer, for example. The user interface device 1102 may comprise a more complex display than that of the activity measurement device 1100.
The more complex display may comprise a liquid crystal display (LCD), e.g. an active matrix display, a passive matrix display, or an AMOLED (active matrix organic LED) display. The user interface device 1102 may receive the raw activity measurement data from the activity measurement device 1100 and compute various statistics from the received raw data. The user interface device 1102 may compute, for example, measured activity accumulation distribution with respect to the target accumulation and display it to the user according to the embodiments described above. The user interface device 1102 may compute other statistics, e.g. activity history data spanning further into the past than the observation interval of the activity accumulation. The activity history data may represent long-term activity accumulation and/or distribution in time.
In an embodiment, the activity measurement device 1100 measures the activity measurement data, transmits it to the user interface device 1102, the user interface device 1102 computes the activity accumulation and compares it with the target accumulation in the above-described manner, and transmits a control signal to the activity measurement device 1100 on the basis of the comparison. The contents of the control signal may be determined according to how the measured activity accumulation measures with the target accumulation, and the control signal may control the user interface of the activity measurement device 1100 to illustrate the result of the comparison.
The control signal instructs the activity measurement device 1100 to light or shut down at least some of the led indicators of the activity measurement device according to the result of the comparison. As a consequence, the user interface of the activity measurement device 1100 may serve as a simplified display to display the results of the comparison, e.g. through the led indicators, and the display of the user interface device 1102 may be used to illustrate the measured activity in a more complex manner through the LCD display, e.g. with the progress indicator of
An aspect provides a method comprising: acquiring, in an activity monitoring apparatus, target accumulation parameters defining a target total amount of physical activity for a user to accumulate within an observation interval, wherein the amount of physical activity is defined in terms of an attribute measurable during the physical activity; distributing, in the activity monitoring apparatus, the target accumulation parameters into a plurality of subsets in a time domain such that each subset is associated with a time sub-interval and a target accumulation value, wherein the sum of the sub-intervals equals to the observation interval; and monitoring, in the activity monitoring apparatus, the physical activity of the user during a sub-interval by comparing a measured accumulation of the physical activity with the target accumulation derived from at least the target accumulation value of the sub-interval and by outputting a progress indicator indicating the measured accumulation of the physical activity with respect to the target accumulation.
In an embodiment, the target accumulation values represent a cumulative distribution function of the total amount of physical activity, and the monitoring comprises: acquiring measured accumulation of the physical activity measured during said sub-interval and during all previous sub-intervals of the observation interval, if any; and computing the progress indicator by comparing the difference between the acquired measured accumulation of the physical activity and the target accumulation value of the current sub-interval. In an embodiment, the method further comprises distributing the target accumulation parameters into the plurality of subsets unequally such that at least one of the sub-intervals is associated with higher target accumulation of physical activity than at least one other sub-interval. The target accumulation parameters may be distributed into a plurality of subsets unequally according to an initial estimate of a user activity accumulation distribution during the observation interval.
In an embodiment, the method further comprises: determining a distribution of the measured accumulation of the physical activity within at least one previous observation interval preceding the observation interval by determining the measured accumulation of the physical activity during each sub-interval of the at least one previous observation interval; distributing the target accumulation parameters into the plurality of subsets by using the determined distribution of the measured accumulation as a distribution model. The distribution of the target accumulation parameters of the observation interval may be offset such that the distribution of the target accumulation parameters of the observation interval is advanced with respect to the measured accumulation within the at least one previous observation interval by one sub-interval. The measured accumulation of the physical activity may be averaged over a plurality of said previous observation intervals.
In an embodiment, the distribution comprises: acquiring an initial distribution model for the target accumulation parameters; acquiring a measured accumulation value of the physical activity for each sub-interval measured during the previous observation interval; determining a sub-interval in which a target accumulation value of the initial distribution model is the highest with respect to the measured accumulation value of a subsequent sub-interval and reducing the target accumulation value of the determined sub-interval in the initial distribution model; determining a sub-interval in which a target accumulation value of the initial distribution model is the lowest with respect to the measured accumulation value of a subsequent sub-interval and raising the target accumulation value of the determined sub-interval in the initial distribution model.
In an embodiment, the accumulated physical activity is measured by measuring at least one of the following attributes of the user: heart rate, acceleration, speed, power, and energy consumption.
In an embodiment, the method further comprises: acquiring a plurality of types of measured accumulation data for each sub-interval, wherein the plurality of types of measurement data are measured with different types of sensors; combining the plurality of types of measured accumulation data into a common format for each sub-interval; and monitoring the physical activity of the user during each sub-interval by comparing the combined measured accumulation data with the corresponding target accumulation of the physical activity and by outputting a progress indicator indicating the measured accumulation of the physical activity with respect to the target accumulation physical activity.
It will be obvious to a person skilled in the art that, as technology advances, the inventive concept can be implemented in various ways. The invention and its embodiments are not limited to the examples described above but may vary within the scope of the claims.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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20125185 | Feb 2012 | FI | national |