Patent Application
20050212920
This invention relates to a system for monitoring a plurality of video signals captured in an internal video network, and to a portable picture monitor, for use with the system.
In the production of a video broadcast signal, it is well known to simultaneously monitor the video signals taken by a plurality of video cameras shooting the scene from different angles and from different distances. A production crew monitoring the signals on a bank of screens can then make editing decisions about which camera footage to incorporate in the broadcast, as well as being able to follow the positions of each camera and give instructions to control the camera's subsequent movement. In addition to the actual footage of the scene, it is often also desirable to incorporate graphics or subtitles into a broadcast, as well as to supervise the operation of other resources such as autocues or subtitle generation systems.
Conventionally, in a studio environment, the production crew are housed in the gallery, or in the case of an outdoor broadcast environment, in a specialised mobile unit. However, in either case the production crew are distanced from the action of the scene, and from the camera and sound crew who are recording it and who need instruction.
We have appreciated that the conventional arrangement described above is disadvantageous as it makes communication and interaction between the production crew and the camera and sound crew difficult. Furthermore, the screens and other monitoring equipment provided in the gallery or in a specialised mobile unit are typically expensive, large, heavy and require a large amount of mains power. Each screen in the gallery or mobile unit is also typically dedicated to the feed from a particular camera. Only a limited number of video sources can therefore be shown, and if more cameras are required, modification of the existing monitoring facilities is required to be able to view the additional feeds that such cameras create.
The invention is defined in the independent claims to which reference should now be made. Advantageous features are set forth in the dependant claims.
Preferred embodiments of the invention will now be described in more detail, by way of example, and with reference to the drawings in which:
A user of the monitor 2 can select which of the camera feeds he desires to view by pressing the appropriate selection button 8. In the example shown in
Preferably the screen 6 is a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) screen, as this allows the finished unit to be slim-line and lightweight. Furthermore, the picture monitor preferably comprises one or more audio output sockets for delivering an audio output to a headphone jack. The audio output would allow a channel for the production crew talkback, as well as artists' microphones and any other audio to be monitored.
The transmission stage 20 comprise a number of cameras 22a, 22b, and 22c, and a radio or wireless camera 24 arranged to take video footage of a scene. Each of these views the scene from a different angle, or indeed views a different scene, and therefore produces a different video signal. The signal from cameras 22a, 22b and 22c are passed on respective cables 26a, 26b, and 26c to respective MPEG encoders 28a, 28b and 28c. The signal from the radio or wireless camera on the other hand is transmitted from the camera to the radio camera receiver 30, where it is passed by cable 26d to an MPEG encoder 28d.
Additionally, the signals from each of the four cables 26a, 26b, 26c and 26d are passed to a video mosaic generator or quad function circuit 32. The quad function circuit 32 combines the four signals received from the cameras into a single mosaic video image, in which the 15 signal from each camera is displayed in one quarter of the area of the screen. The mosaic video signal produced by the quad circuit 32 is passed to MPEG encoder 28e.
A quad function circuit is preferred as the video mosaic generator, as the picture size of the of the video signals is reduced by substantially the same percentage in both horizontal and vertical directions. As a result, the aspect ratio of the picture is maintained and the reduced size picture can be viewed at an apparent better quality.
The MPEG encoders 28 are preferably configured to add a caption or any other suitable graphical indication to the received video signals so that the source of each video signal can be identified when it is viewed on the screen 6.
Furthermore, the video signals recorded by the 30 cameras could be either analogue or digital signals. In the case of analogue signals, appropriate analogue-to-digital conversion circuits are provided before the MPEG2 encoder and the video mosaic generator.
The MPEG encoders 28a, 28b, 28c, 28d and 28e encode the received video signals according to the Motion Picture Experts′ Group Standard. The encoding results in some loss of the picture signal quality, but produces a greatly compressed signal compared to the original, which is more suited for transmission.
The signal output from each of the MPEG encoders is then passed to MPEG multiplexer 34, which combines the five different signals into a single transport stream.
The MPEG transport stream is then fed to a Code Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexer (COFDM) encoder/transmitter 36. The encoder/transmitter 36 encodes the multiplexed signal for COFOM transmission and produces a UHF signal which is carried to an antenna 38. The antenna 38 is preferably placed in an elevated position, such as on the wall of the studio, or on the roof of a mobile unit such that the signal transmitted by the antenna 38 can be received without undue interference from the equipment and equipment operators in the area.
Furthermore, the frequency of the UHF signal is chosen to lie within spare channels in the normal UHF broadcast band to avoid interference.
The signal transmitted by the antenna 38 is available for reception by any of the picture monitors 2 in range of the signal. The right hand side of
Alternatively, the picture monitor 2 can be fitted with a touch screen display so that selection of the 5 different signals can be made merely by touching the relevant portion of the screen corresponding to the desired signal. In this case, buttons 8 for channel selection may be omitted from the design.
It will be appreciated that input stages for additional video signals could be added to the transmission stage 20, each input stage being connected to a capture device, such as a camera 22 or 24, and an MPEG encoder 28. Additional inputs might comprise the footage from fifth and subsequent cameras, as well as the input signal from an autocue, vision mixer output, VT Playback, or computer graphics display.
The preferred system described with reference to
As the reliability of this wireless link is important digital modes of radio transmission, such as COFDM as described above, are preferred because they are well-suited to the high multipath environment of the studio. The reliability of the wireless link may be further improved by the use of a dual antenna and diversity dual tuner front end at the receiver, and antenna diversity at the transmitter.
In addition to COFDM encoding, at the transmission stage 20, circuitry may be provided for encryption of the signal. One reason why encryption might be desirable is to prevent the signal transmitted to the picture monitor 2 from being intercepted and leaked prior to broadcast. Corresponding decryption circuits at the reception side would then be required.
The example illustrated above provides a useful working system. However, having put this into practice in a real broadcast environment, it was found to contain a number of disadvantages. Firstly, MPEG encoders are relatively expensive. The transmitter stage shown in
An improved transmitter stage and picture monitor according to a second embodiment of the invention will now be described in more detail with reference to
The capture and transmission stage 20′, according to the second embodiment, similarly comprises cameras 22a′, 22b′ and 22c′, as well as radio camera 24. Each of these views the scene from a different angle, or indeed views a different scene, and therefore produces a different video signal. The signals received from each of the cameras 22a′, 22b ′ and 22c ′ are passed by respective cables 26a′, 26b′ and 26c′ to the video mosaic generator or quad function circuit 32′. Similarly, the signal captured by radio or wireless camera 24′ is received by wireless camera receiver 30′ and passed by cable 26d′ to the quad function circuit 32′. Quad function circuit 32′, combines the four input video signals from each of the respective cameras into a mosaic video picture, in which each respective video signal occupies one quarter of the video frame. This signal is then passed to MPEG encoder 28e′ where the mosaic video picture is encoded in the MPEG format. The MPEG encoded signal is then passed to COFDM transmitter 36′ where it is converted into a UHF signal for transmission by antenna 38′.
It will be appreciated that the capture and transmission stage 20′ shown in
Similarly, the picture monitor 2′ for use with the second embodiment of the invention comprises a receiving antenna 40′ and tuner 42′ for receiving the signal transmitted by antenna 38′. The received signal is then converted to the base band, where it undergoes COFDM demodulation in COFDM demodulator 44′. The demodulated signal from the COFDM demodulator is then decoded by MPEG decoder 48′for viewing on the screen 6 of the picture monitor 2. The picture monitor 2 also comprises a quarter-to-full-screen up-converter 50, connected after the MPEG decoder 4.8, before the connection to the screen 6. If the channel to be viewed on the screen 6 is that of the mosaic video picture, the up-converter is not engaged and the received signal is displayed unmodified. However, if one of the channels corresponding to the video signals received from an individual camera is selected, then the up-converter 50 is engaged to increase the size of the relevant quarter of the video mosaic signal containing the selected video signal so that it occupies the full screen. The mosaic video picture itself is not then shown, and only the magnified signal corresponding to the selection of the user is displayed.
The second embodiment of the invention avoids duplication of any signals, by incorporating the four separate signals into the mosaic video image and transmitting this only. Furthermore, as there is only one resulting video signal to encode and transmit, only one MPEG encoder at the transmission stage 20′ is required. These factors mean that the band width of the transmission channel for the picture monitor is used more effectively, and allows the transmission stage 20′ to be produced and installed at a significantly reduced cost. Furthermore, the embodiment shown in
As mentioned above, a quad function circuit 32 is preferred as it maintains the aspect ratio of the original video input during the conversion process from the full sized picture signal to the quarter size picture signal included in the mosaic video picture. In view of this, it will be appreciated therefore that the video mosaic generator preferably produces a mosaic video image having a full screen size that is identical to that of the plurality of video signals received at the input, that is to say that the resolution of the mosaic video image, measured in number of pixels for the image width and height, is the same for both the mosaic video image and each individual video signal before down conversion takes place.
It will be appreciated that the down-conversion process in the capture and transmission stage 20′ shown in
It will also be appreciated that the small LCD screens that are suitable for a handheld device such as that described, and that are commonly available, have a typical resolution of 240 lines by 480 pixels. This is much less than the resolution of a television picture typically having 575 lines by 720 pixels.
Therefore, if the process of down-conversion followed by up-conversion is carried out correctly, it will advantageously result in an image which has a similar resolution to the LCD screen upon which it is being displayed.
If more than four video inputs are to be used with the preferred system, a simple quad circuit function 32 of the type described above will not be sufficient to display all of the signals.
The 6 and 13 video input format allow for one of the video inputs to take up more screen space than the other. The larger display area can then be used in a number of ways. Firstly, it may display the selected channel, while the unselected channels are displayed around the side. Secondly, it may also be used as a dedicated display for a particular signal with higher resolution than those which are allocated to the smaller screen areas.
To produce the 13 video input display, the screen must be divided into quarter screen width regions. With such an arrangement, and those in which the screen is divided into smaller regions, the shrinking-combining process significantly reduces the resolution of the individual sub-pictures. The up-converted picture of the selected signal seen on the screen 6 of the picture monitor 2 may then look too soft because of the loss in resolution. Nevertheless, it will be appreciated that in certain implementations, the loss of resolution may be outweighed by the benefit of being able to view many different inputs simultaneously.
In situations where there are slightly fewer video input signals than would entirely fill one of the split screen formats shown in
It will be appreciated that the picture monitor 2 has equivalent functionality to a hand held DVB-T (Digital Video Broadcast-Terrestrial) receiver, though the system is arranged so that the component signals fed directly from the camera feeds are displayed on the monitor rather than the finalised broadcast programme transmitted from a television transmitter. Furthermore, the system is arranged to monitor other video sources, such as an autocue, VT playback, vision mixer output, or computer graphics signal. The system is therefore limited to an internal video network, that is a local, private network, in which video signals are captured and transmitted internally, but which are not transmitted directly to the public. Such an internal video network may be a television programme production network, or a security camera network for example.
The second preferred embodiment further differs in operation to a normal DVB-T transmitter and receiver system in that only the mosaic video picture is transmitted, and the picture monitor or the receiver, has up-conversion circuits in order to magnify a selected part of the mosaic picture.
Having described the overall operation of the preferred system, a preferred implementation of the system architecture will now be described in more detail. The components shown in the schematic drawings of the transmission stage 20 can be divided into two logical groups, namely picture manipulation components and components for transmission of the signal. The ideal location in the recording environment for the components in each of these groups is not be identical. For example, the many video inputs will, most likely, be available in a technical area, such as near or in the production gallery, away from the area in which the recording equipment is located. On the other hand, the transmission antenna, must, by design, be in the same vicinity as the picture monitor 2, which is most usefully available in the proximity of the recording equipment. Providing the functionality of all of the components in a single location, a so-called “one-box” solution, creates a number of problems. If the ‘box’ is placed in the technical area, the input signals will be available, but the output COFDM signal may have to be transported long distances. As radio frequency tie-lines for the COFDM signal, are not necessarily readily available in the recording environment, this could be problematic. Conversely, having the ‘box’ in an area close to the area in which the picture monitor is likely to be used, means that vision tie-lines would likely be required to pass the video input signals from the technical area to the recording environment in which the transmission stage is located. Further lines would be required for control and monitoring signals.
With these considerations in mind, we have appreciated that it is advantageous to split the components relating to picture manipulation and the final transmission of the signal into separate housings. With reference to
Instead of an ASI link as described above, the picture component housing 60 in the technical area could process the video input to give a modulated Intermediate Frequency (IF) signal at the output, providing the RF component housing 62 is arranged to accept such a signal.
Also, in the recording environment where the picture monitors 2 are to be used, the system could be further divided so that the COFDM transmitter is located on the floor or on a bench, while the transmission antenna is mounted to a wall or ceiling.
Separation of the picture manipulation and RF stages in the manner described provides a number of advantages in addition to those outlined above. By separating the base band and RF stages, potential interference problems between the two stages are avoided. Furthermore, transmission of COEDM signals requires high linearity amplifiers which produce a large amount of heat. By separating the COEDM stage from the picture manipulation stage, appropriate cooling means can be provided for each stage so that the heat that is produced is easier to manage.
With reference to
The picture manipulation circuit 70 also comprises a control PC unit 86, connected to the master processor 84 by a data bus 88 and an address bus 90. The control PC unit 86 allows interfacing and control of the master processor 84 and therefore of the picture manipulation circuit 70. An MPEG encoder unit 92 is connected to the data bus 88 and to the address bus 90, and is arranged to receive a video input signal from the master processor 84 and return an MPEG encoded output signal to the processor. Two way control signals pass between MPEG encoder 92 and the processor 84 in order to regulate the flow of the video input information and MPEG output information.
The master processor 84 is also provided with a memory (not shown) for the temporary storage of video signals which are to be passed to and received from the MPEG encoder 92.
A multiplexer or serialiser 94 is connected to the processor 84 to convert the data for output into a form suitable for transmission in a single transmission stream from the ASI output. It will be appreciated that the multiplexer is optional depending on whether the transmission scheme of the first or second embodiment, or a variant thereof is implemented. This will be described in more detail later.
The input stages 72, 74, 76 and 78 are preferably able to accept a variety of input video signals, including SDI (Serial Digital Interface) signals, as well as CVBS, RGB and YUV format signals. This allows them to be installed in various recording environments and used with various recording equipment without problems of compatibility. The input stages will now be described in more detail with reference to
Each input stage is preferably identical, and comprises a respective input stage processor 100 for receiving and processing an input video signal from a camera, or other video input source such as autocue, VT playback stream, computer graphics and so on. The processor receives SDI input via an SDI data bus 102 connected to a deserializer 104 and a line equalizer 106 forming an SDI input 108 as is known in the art. Control of the input line 108 is achieved by SDI control bus 110.
The input stage processor 100 also receives data via the data bus 112. This is connected to a PAL decoder and analog-to-digital converter 114, which form the input line 116 for CVBS, RGB and YUV format signals. Control of this input line is performed by the control bus 118.
The input stage processor 100 is responsible for down-converting a received input video signal for inclusion in the mosaic video picture. The down-conversion preferably reduces the picture size dimensions to one quarter, or two thirds of its original size, depending on the split screen format used. The input stage processor 100 is connected to two large memory blocks 120 and 122 which are used in this process. The first memory block 120 stores a first field of the incoming signal for later sub-sampling, and the second memory block 122 stores the reduced resolution output video picture being generated, until the processing is completed.
Data is passed to and from the input stage processor 100 and the first and second memory blocks 120 and 122 by respective data buses 124 and 126, while the memory address look-up necessary for the picture down conversion is controlled via address busses 128 and 130.
Once completed, the down-converted picture from the second memory block 122 is transmitted to the master processor 84 via data/video bus 80 under the control of control bus 82.
The signals received from each of the input stages are received by the master processor 84 and stored in memory corresponding to the respective region of a split screen mosaic. The master processor 84 additionally adds identification captions to each picture signal, so that a user of the portable picture monitor 2 can distinguish one video input from another. Alternatively, this step could be performed by the input stage processor. Once the video picture mosaic has been completed by receipt of the respective input video signals from each of the input stages, it is passed to MPEG encoder 92 where it is encoded in the MPEG format.
The MPEG encoded signal is then passed back to the processor 84 where encryption coding can take place if desired. The encoders and possibly encrypted signal is then passed to serialiser 94 where multiplexing can take place according to the implementation.
A multiplexer may be implemented in the second embodiment for example if it is desired to transmit more than four video inputs in the 4 picture format video mosaic. This may be desirable for example because this format preserves some of the size and therefore the resolution of the transmitted image when it is up-converted in comparison to the 6 or greater picture formats. In this case, more than one video mosaic generator arranged to produce a one-quarter screen mosaic video image is provided, and the output of each of these multiplexed together for transmission. This scheme, illustrated schematically in
In the case of a large number of video inputs and where it is desired to maintain a good picture quality more than one modulator may be desired to transmit the video information on a number of frequencies or transmission schemes.
Although
Furthermore, in terms of manufacturing, it has been found advantageous to produce only modular boards containing all of the master processor 84, and associated components, and the four inputs stages 72, 74, 76 and 78. These modular boards can then be connected to other identical boards to form the picture manipulation circuits. Despite each board having a master processor, only one of the master processors is activated, limiting the other boards to input functions only. Input signals received at a board can then be passed along the data/video bus 80 to the board having the active master processor 84 for processing and output.
Although this results in redundancy of the unused master processors on the boards added merely for additional input stages, the reduction in production costs by manufacturing one design of a multipurpose board is significant. Boards manufactured in this way are also readily used in the variation of the second embodiment shown in
Although the preferred system has been described in the context of a recording studio or Outdoor Broadcast environment, it will be appreciated that it has other applications in other local and private networks. One such example is for a security system in which the footage from video cameras is transmitted for display on a monitor, located at a security desk or in a guard room. With the preferred system, a security guard with a portable monitor could view the footage of each of the individual camera while at the security desk or guard room as well as when patrolling the area under his care. In this application of the preferred system, the provision of the up-converter or magnification circuits 50 are preferred for the picture monitor, as in the second embodiment, as with simple modification they can be employed to magnify smaller parts of a video picture to fill the screen. This would allow a security guard to ‘zoom-in’ on movement or areas of interest within the picture received from a particular camera.
It will be appreciated that although the monitoring receiver has been described in terms of circuitry dedicated to the purpose of RF tuning, demodulation and MPEG2 video decoding, alternatively some of the functionality of the monitoring receiver could be implemented in software for operation on a computer such as a ‘tablet PC’, or a ‘PDA’ (Personal Digital Assistant) The video could then be displayed on the computer's screen.
In this case, the tuner and demodulator are preferably implemented in a dedicated hardware module which is connected to the computer. The decoding of the MPEG signal, descrambling, and the quarter-to-full size upconversion process are then carried out using software running on the computer. The computer may also supply power to the hardware module, and if the computer has a touch screen, this could be used to select the video channel to be enlarged from the video information displayed on the computer screen.
The dedicated hardware module for use in this embodiment should conform to the PCMCIA (PC card) standard, described at http://www,pcmcia.org/pccardstandard.htm, for example. The hardware receiver module, in the form of a PCMCIA card, may then be plugged into a slot in the side of the computer, the slot providing signal and power connections and mechanical support. An external antenna can be connected to the exposed edge of the card.
An example of a tablet PC suitable for this application is the ‘ViewSonic Tablet PC V1100’.
Other possible methods for connecting the hardware module to a portable computer include ‘USB2.0’ and ‘FireWire’, although these provide no mechanical support. For non-portable computers, the hardware nodule may be connected using the PCI bus or the ISA bus standards.
An additional advantage of using a tablet PC is that a TV programme maker may using it at the same time for other applications such as script editing, viewing shooting schedules and so on.
The systems described above for use in a recording environment could also be extended to allow simple vision mixing to be carried out remotely via the radio link. Also, if the picture monitor is provided with a two way radio, then a user could communicate with other users of the system, such as members of the production crew or other security guards.
It will be understood that the present description is not intended to be limiting, and that various modifications to the preferred embodiment may be made, as would be apparent to those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB 0406501.7 | Mar 2004 | GB | national |
