1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates generally to systems and methods for cementing in a portion of a production liner to provide a wellbore completion, cleaning excess cement from the liner and other components, and thereafter producing hydrocarbons from the wellbore completion. In further aspects, the invention relates to systems for gas lift of hydrocarbons from a well.
2. Description of the Related Art
After a well is drilled, cased, and perforated, it is necessary to anchor a production liner into the wellbore and, thereafter, to begin production of hydrocarbons. Oftentimes, it is desired to anchor the production liner into place using cement. Unfortunately, cementing a production liner into place within a wellbore has been seen as foreclosing the possibility of using gas lift technology to increase or extend production from the well in a later stage. Cementing the production liner into place prevents the production liner from being withdrawn from the well. Because a completion becomes permanent when cemented, any gas lift mandrels that are to be used will have to be run in with the production string originally. This is problematic, though, since the operation of cementing the production liner into the wellbore tends to leave the gas inlets of a gas lift mandrel clogged with cement and thereafter unusable.
To the inventors' knowledge, there is no known method or system that permits a completion to be cemented into place and, thereafter, to effectively use gas lift technology to assist removal of hydrocarbons in only a single trip into the wellbore.
The present invention addresses the problems of the prior art.
The invention provides systems and methods for cementing in a production liner, and then effectively cleaning excess cement from the production tubing and liner. Additionally, the invention provides systems and methods for thereafter providing gas lift assistance for the production of fluids from the well. All of this is accomplished in a single trip (mono-trip) of the production tubing.
In a preferred embodiment, the production system of the present invention includes a central flowbore defined within a series of interconnected subs or tools and incorporates a mandrel for retaining gas lift valves. In a currently preferred embodiment, the gas lift valves are not placed into the mandrel until after the cementing and cleaning operations have been performed. The completion system preferably includes a lateral diverter, such as a shoe track, that permits cement pumped down the flowbore to be placed into the annulus of the well. Additionally, the completion system includes a wiper plug and, preferably, a means for landing the wiper plug within the flowbore. An exemplary completion system also features a valve that selectively permits the circulation of working fluid through the flowbore and annulus as well as the side pocket mandrel. In a preferred embodiment, the valve may be selectively opened and closed to provide for such circulation of working fluid to be started and stopped.
In a currently preferred embodiment, the present invention also provides a method of production wherein a completion system containing a side pocket mandrel is disposed into a wellbore. The completion system is then cemented into place by pumping cement into a flowbore in the completion system and diverting the cement into the annulus. The annulus is filled with cement to a predetermined level, and then a packer is set. In preferred embodiments, the packer is located proximate the level of the cement in the annulus. The formation is thereafter perforated using a wireline-run perforation device. Following cementing of the completion assembly, the completion assembly is cleaned of excess cement by driving a wiper plug through the flowbore of the completion assembly under impetus of pressurized working fluid. The working fluid will help to remove excess cement from the flowbore and the associated tools and devices that make up the completion system. Pressurized working fluid is also introduced into the annulus above the packer by opening a lateral port in a valve assembly. Thereafter, the valve assembly may be closed by increasing fluid pressure within the flowbore and annulus. Gas lift valves are then placed into the side pocket mandrel using a kickover tool. Production of hydrocarbons from the perforated formation can then occur with the assistance of the gas lift devices.
The upper portions of the exemplary mono-trip completion system 20 includes a number of components that are interconnected with one another via intermediate subs. These components include a subsurface safety valve 28, a side-pocket mandrel 30, and a hydrostatic closed circulation valve (HCCV) 32. A packer assembly 34 is located below the HCCV 32. A production liner 36 extends below the packer assembly 34 and is secured, at its lower end, to a landing collar 38. A shoe track 40 is secured at the lower end of the completion system 20. The shoe track 40 has a plurality of lateral openings 42 that permit cement to be flowed out of the lower end of the flowbore 26 and into the annulus 24.
The subsurface safety valve 28 is a valve of a type known in the art for shutting off the well in case of emergency. As the structure and operation of such valves are well understood by those of skill in the art, they will not be described in any detail herein.
The hydrostatic closed circulation valve (HCCV) 32 is depicted in greater detail in
The HCCV 32 also includes an inner sleeve 67 that is located within the flowbore 56 of the inner mandrel 50. The inner sleeve 67 features a fluid aperture 69 that is initially aligned with the fluid port 58 in the inner mandrel 50. The upper end of the inner sleeve 67 provides an engagement profile 71 that is shaped to interlock with a complimentary shifting element. The inner sleeve 67 is also axially moveable within the flowbore 56 between a first position, shown in
The HCCV 32 is actuated using pressure to provide for selective fluid flow from within the flowbore 56 to the annulus 24. Prior to running into the wellbore 10, the HCCV 32 is in the configuration shown in
In the event of failure of the outer sleeve 62 to close, a wireline tool, shown as tool 73 in
The side pocket mandrel 30 is of the type described in our co-pending application 60/415,393, filed Oct. 2, 2002. The side pocket mandrel 30 is depicted in greater detail and apart from other components of the completion system in
A valve housing cylinder 82 is located within the sectional area of the pocket tube 76 that is off-set from the primary flow channel area 84 of the production tubing 22. External apertures 86 in the external wall of the pocket tube 76 laterally penetrate the valve housing cylinder 82. Not illustrated is a valve or plug element that is placed in the cylinder 82 by a wireline manipulated device called a “kickover” tool. For wellbore completion, side pocket mandrels are normally set with side pocket plugs in the cylinder 82. Such a plug interrupts flow through the apertures 86 between the mandrel interior flow channel and the exterior annulus and masks entry of the completion cement. After all completion procedures are accomplished, the plug may be easily withdrawn by wireline tool and replaced by a wireline with a fluid control element.
At the upper end of the mandrel 30 is a guide sleeve 88 having a cylindrical cam profile for orienting the kickover tool with the valve cylinder 82 in a manner well known to those of skill in the art.
Set within the pocket tube area between the side pocket cylinder 82 and the assembly joints 72 and 74 are two rows of filler guide sections 90. In a generalized sense, the filler guide sections 90 are formed to fill much of the unnecessary interior volume of the side pocket tube 76 and thereby eliminate opportunities for cement to occupy that volume. Of equal but less obvious importance is the filler guide section function of generating turbulent circulations within the mandrel voids by the working fluid flow behind the wiper plug.
Similar to quarter-round trim molding, the filler guide sections 90 have a cylindrical arcuate surface 92 and intersecting planar surfaces 94 and 96. The opposing face separation between the surfaces 94 is determined by clearance space required by the valve element inserts and the kick-over tool.
Surface planes 96 serve the important function of providing a lateral supporting guide surface for a wiper plug as it traverses the side pocket tube 76 and keep the leading wiper elements within the primary flow channel 84.
At conveniently spaced locations along the length of each filler section, cross flow jet channels 97 are drilled to intersect from the faces 94 and 96. Also at conveniently spaced locations along the surface planes 94 and 96 are indentations or upsets 98. Preferably, adjacent filler guide sections 90 are separated by spaces 99 to accommodate different expansion rates during subsequent heat treating procedures imposed on the assembly during manufacture. If deemed necessary, such spaces 99 may be designed to further stimulate flow turbulence.
As the leading wiper group of discs 114 enters the side pocket mandrel 30, fluid pressure seal behind the wiper discs 114 is lost but the filler guide planes 96 keep the leading wiper group 114 in line with the primary tubing flow bore 84 axis. The trailing group of discs 114 is, at the same time, still in a continuous section of tubing flow bore 84 above the side pocket mandrel 30. Consequently, pressure against the trailing group of discs 114 continues to load the plug shaft 110. As the wiper plug 108 progresses through a mandrel 30, the spring centralizer 116 maintains the axial alignment of the shaft 110 midsection. By the time the trailing disc group 114 enters the side pocket mandrel 30 to lose drive seal, the leading group of discs 114 has reentered the bore 84 below the mandrel 20 and regained a drive seal. Consequently, before the trailing seal group of discs 114 loses drive seal, the leading seal group of discs 114 have secured traction seal.
Exemplary operation of the mono-trip completion system 20 is illustrated by
Cement is cleaned from the system 20 by the running of a wiper plug 108 into the flowbore 26 to wipe excess cement from the flowbore 26 and the components making up the assembly 20. Thereafter, a working fluid is circulated through the assembly 20 to further clean the components. As
Following landing of the wiper plug 108, the flowbore 26 is pressured up at the surface to a first pressure level that is sufficient to rupture the rupture disc 60 in the HCCV 32. Once the rupture disc 60 has been destroyed, working fluid can be circulated down the flowbore 26 and outwardly into the annulus 24, as indicated by arrows 126 in
When sufficient cleaning has been performed, it is necessary to close the fluid port 58 of the HCCV 32. The annulus 24 should be closed off at the surface of the wellbore 10. Thereafter, fluid pressure is increased within the flowbore 26 and annulus 24 above the level 102 of the cement 100 via continued pumping of working fluid down the flowbore 26. Pumping of pressurized fluid should continue until a predetermined level of pressure is achieved. This predetermined level of pressure will shear the shear pin 66 and move the outer sleeve 62 to the closed position illustrated in
The gas lift valves 130 may be placed into the side pocket mandrel 30 and operable thereafter since the apertures 86 in the side pocket mandrel 30 should be substantially devoid of cement due to the measures taken previously to clean the completion system 20 of excess cement or prohibit clogging by cement. These measures, which greatly reduce the passage of gas through the flowobore 26, include the presence of side pocket plugs in the cylinder 82 of the side pocket mandrel 30 and filler guide sections 90. The filler guide sections 90 have features to stimulate flow turbulence, including cross-flow jet channels 97 and spaces 99 between the guide sections 90. In addition, circulation of the working fluid throughout the system 20, in the manner described above, will help to clean excess cement from the side pocket mandrel 30, and other system components, prior to insertion of the gas lift valves 130.
After the gas lift valves 130 are placed into the side pocket mandrel 30, hydrocarbon fluids may be produced from the formation 14 by the system 20. Fluids exit the perforations 106 and enter the perforated production liner 36. They then flow up the flowbore 26 and into the production tubing 22. The gas lift valves 130 inject lighter weight gases into the liquid hydrocarbons, in a manner known in the art, to assist their rise to the surface of the wellbore 10.
The systems and methods of the present invention make it possible to secure a completion assembly 20 in place within a wellbore which will be suitable for later use in artificial lift operations. The side pocket mandrel 30, which will later receive the gas lift valves 130 is already a part of the completion assembly 20 during its initial (and only) run into the wellbore 10. The techniques described above for cleaning excess cement from the completion assembly 20 will effectively remove cement so that artificial lift valves 130 can be effectively used to help lift production fluids to the surface of the wellbore 10.
Those of skill in the art will recognize that numerous modifications and changes may be made to the exemplary designs and embodiments described herein and that the invention is limited only by the claims that follow and any equivalents thereof.
This application claims the priority of U.S. Provisional patent application Ser. No. 60/415,393 filed Oct. 2, 2002.
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60415393 | Oct 2002 | US |