The present invention relates to a motor control for a power striker for hinged personnel doors and windows for vehicular applications. The invention can be applied to any enclosable portal of which doors and windows are included. The terms “door” or “window” operate as an all-inclusive term when found in this specification.
Generally power door latch systems are known within the automotive and other vehicular field and are used to overcome the high force requirements to move doors and trunks into the fully closed position. Applications range from personnel doors, trunk lids, lift gates and sliding doors on mini-vans. There generally are two types of powered door closure devices; a cinching latch where a rotary latch with a claw or rotor is driven to rotate by a motor and cinch the striker approximately 6-8 millimeters and a powered striker where the striker is motorized to engage with the rotary latch and pull the door into the fully closed position. Typically, power cinching latches are used on personnel doors including mini-van sliding doors and rear lift gates on SUV's and mini-vans, and power cinching strikers are used on trunk lids. There are several types/styles of power strikers: Eccentric cam, linear drive—acme thread, linear drive—rack and pinion, toggle action, cam and offset lever, and combinations of the above.
Typically, a power cinching striker is activated when the rotary latch is fully engaged with the striker (primary and fully latched position); a sensor on the latch signals the door cinch mechanism to pull the door into the door closed position.
One problem with prior art cinching latches is the lack of an override system to open the door in the event that there is a power failure to the motor. If the door is closed and power to the motor is cut off, for example if the vehicle battery is dead, the door cannot be opened. Such a lockout condition is undesirable if ingress or egress is needed, potentially causing an unsafe condition.
Another problem with prior art powered strikers is the lack of any adjustment of the striker. Therefore, any variances in manufacturing due to acceptable tolerances reduces or minimizes the effectiveness of the powered striker.
Another deficiency of the prior art powered strikers is the relatively short travel that is commercially available, typically 6-8 millimeters (0.24-0.31 inch). This distance is not enough to allow large doors to engage the striker without starting to compress the door seals.
The need for such a door latch system is becoming known in the agricultural and construction industries. In tractors and cabs of heavy duty equipment, the size of the doors, the door seals, and compression of air inside the cabs are making it difficult to close the door without excessive force and speed. For example, the doors of the tractor and big equipment are becoming larger, and constructed with more glass for increased visibility. Thus, the doors have a large perimeter, while the volume of the cab is relatively small, for one or two people. As the door closes, the air in the cab compresses, thereby increasing internal air pressure. Similarly, the large door size necessitates larger seals with more surface area, which also increases the force required to close and seal the door in the door frame.
Accordingly, a primary objective of the present invention is the provision of a motorized striker for use in large vehicle doors, particularly in the agriculture and construction industries.
A further objective of the present invention is the provision of a personnel door on large vehicles having an improved door latch system with a motorized striker to simplify closing of the door.
A further objective of the present invention is the provision of a powered striker on a door latch assembly with the ability to adjust the position of the striker on the door frame so as to fine tune the closing movement of the door, as well as provide for assembly and manufacturing tolerances of the doors and cabin.
Still another objective of the present invention is the provision of a powered door striker which maintains the normal operation of the latch even in the absence of electric power to the striker, so that an operator can always open the door from inside and outside the vehicle.
Another objective of the present invention is the provision of a powered door striker having a safety feature which precludes a person from getting locked in or getting locked out of the vehicle.
Another objective of the present invention is the provision of a powered door striker having a safety feature that minimizes the likelihood of injury resulting from a jam or pinch event.
Another objective of the present invention is the provision of a motorized movable striker for a vehicle door which is economical to manufacture, easy to install, efficient, effective, and safe in operation.
These and other objectives become apparent from the following description of the invention.
A motorized moveable striker is mounted to a door post where a fixed striker would normally be mounted and provides prescribed linear movement of the striker. This movement provides extension of the door edge more specifically near the latch when the latch is engaged, such that the door can be easily shut on the striker with minimal effort and then drawn to a normally closed position where the door is compressed into the door seal fully sealing the door. In the current design, the striker moves approximately 1″ between an extended position to a retracted position, but it is recognized that this dimension could be reduced or extended depending on the final application, design of the door and seals. Once the door is fully latched onto the extended striker, a switch in the rotary latch tells the control system that the latch is in place, and then the striker control system detects that the latch is in place and begins to move the striker to its retracted and sealed position. As this happens the door is drawn into its normally closed position which engages the seal with the frame and the door becomes sealed as it moves to its normally closed position. Upon releasing the latch through a releasing mechanism, the switch in the rotary latch tells the controller that the latch has been removed from the striker, and then the striker control system detects that the latch has been removed from the striker and the control extends the striker to approximately 1″ outward of the retracted position. This prescribed outboard movement moves the striker into extended position which allows for the next latching event. This motorized moveable striker system will lessen the events where a door is only partially engaged because it offers a closing event that is not impeded by door seal or air compression. This is accomplished as the door engages the door seal as the striker moves to the retracted closed position after the latch has been engaged with the striker.
The motorized movable or cinching striker for vehicle doors, according to the present invention has numerous beneficial features, including but not limited to the following.
The motorized moveable striker is mounted to a door post where a rotary latch striker would normally be mounted and provides prescribed linear movement of the striker. This movement provides movement of the door edge near the latch when the latch is engaged, such that the door can be easily shut on the striker with minimal effort and then drawn to a position where the seal load is increased to seal the door. This motorized moveable striker system will lessen the events where a door is only partially engaged because it offers a closing event that is not impeded by seal or air compression, as the striker engages the door seal by moving the door to a retracted position
The striker moves from its retracted position to an extended position approximately 1″ outboard of the vehicle centerline. Once the door is latched onto the striker, the striker control system verifies that the latch is in the primary latching position and begins to move the striker to its intended retracted position. As this happens the door is drawn into its normal closed position, and the seal is engaged with the frame and the door becomes sealed.
Upon releasing the latch, the striker control system senses that the latch has been removed from the striker and the control again moves the striker to approximately 1″ outward of the retracted position for the next latching event.
In order to be able to facilitate adjustment, an adjustable link is in place to link the motor to the moveable striker carrier. This will allow for inboard and outboard adjustment of the striker in both the extended and retracted positions.
When the striker is at its most inboard and outboard positions, the pivot rivet, torque wheel drive pin, and motor drive shaft are directly in line. This allows for the mechanism to be very strong in the fact that any inboard or outboard forces on the mechanism do not translate into rotational energy for the motor to resist.
The whole mechanism is scalable and can be scaled up and down for larger and smaller size doors. This allows for this technology to cross several types of doors from compartment to occupant.
The power for the striker is independent from any latching device, and should there be a power failure the door would still be operable and able to be latched or unlatched, no matter the state of the striker. This independence accommodates concerns over a mechanism failing in the closed and retracted position and keeping an occupant from egressing a vehicle as well as always being able to have the door secured onto the striker.
The powered striker allows latches to be kept simple and allows adjustment of the mounting fasteners based on the striker mount to facilitate tolerance adjustment or control the amount to door seal compression. Thus, the powered striker is more simply able to retrofit to existing applications, by just adjusting the mounting plate for the cinching striker.
The integration of the mechanical and electromechanical systems into the latch and the motorized movable striker, allows the electronic controller to know the status of the door latch at all times.
The integration of an external switch into the latch senses the door being fully latched in the primary position on the striker, and signals the controller to actuate and retract the striker. Conversely the same latch switch can tell the controller if the latch is disengaged and to extend the striker.
Safety is considered by using switch/bump strips at the door edge, which can be integrated into the controller to reverse the power and move the striker back to an extended direction to remove an obstruction.
Safety reversing can also be done in different fashions. For example, a stepper style motor has a known signal wave, and compares a closing event to the normal signal, and compare these waves, with any deviation signaling an obstruction to the controller and reverse the compression to extend the striker again. Another method is to establish a high amperage level that can be detected by the controller that is caused from an obstruction around the door perimeter, that would stop and reverse the motor, thereby extending the striker.
This powered striker assembly is attached to the door post, which keeps the assembly in an area that is not obstructing a critical line of sight. The striker takes up space that is already taken up by the cab rollover protection system (ROPS), and eliminates having to take up additional area on the door glass for the latch. Since the moveable parts are built into the powered striker assembly, which is mounted to the ROPS, additional latch parts which take up additional space into the latch are eliminated. Thus, this striker mechanism adds function to a cab without detracting from valuable visibility for the operator.
The cinching striker mechanism carries provisions for strength in all the normal FMVSS loading orientations. By capturing a pair of rivets in slots, FMVSS 206 safety standard static loading is achieved with this moveable mechanism. These rivets and slots achieve both longitudinal and transverse loading goals as set by FMVSS 206 safety standards.
The design and flexibility of this moveable striker mechanism also allows for future expansion of function, such as the flexibility to add a gear box to the back of the mechanism which would allow remote drive of the striker mechanism by a cable or rod drive. This allows for remote location of the drive motor to eliminate packaging concerns near the striker position on the roll over protection structure (ROPS).
Utilizing a gear box drive adds the ability of this striker mechanism to be driven remotely, which in turn allows use of one drive motor with two output points to drive two cinching striker mechanisms. This would allow placement of two movable striker mechanisms on larger doors where the mechanisms are driven by one drive motor and they are located at the top and bottom of a larger area door to draw multiple points of the door closed.
Utilizing a moveable pivoting cinching mechanism means that this does not have to be limited to moving a striker. With the moveable plate cinching technology, the moveable plate can be placed on the door glass or door frame and the latch can be placed on the moveable plate. This would allow all power mechanisms in the door so that power/wire routing all has to be in one area, and then the moveable mechanism can cinch the door by moving the latch on the door glass instead of moving the striker itself. This could be a cost competitive option due to power/wire routing and going back to a simple striker on the ROPS post.
Motor selection and torque wheel sizing can drive many aspects regarding performance of the cinching mechanism. For example, the torque wheel pivot to pin distance can change the overall cinch distance regarding the known 1″ pull travel requirement. The other factor is the RPM of the motor and the speed at which the mechanism pulls the cinch distance and the time in which it travels this distance. These two factors linked together control the amount of force output. It is noted that speed, distance, and time are all interrelated and affect each other in the performance of the power striker mechanism. Common commodity motors can have a certain RPM output and given output torque, such that the torque wheel design can then be designed such that the outputs of the cinch mechanism meet customer requirement based on a specific motor output.
The following part list describes the components and their functions, using reference numerals corresponding to the drawings.
In operation, the striker of the embodiment shown in
The torque wheel can be rotated 360 by the motor, or in the case of a reciprocating motor the torque wheel is oscillated 180, so as to extend and retract the striker.
The distance that the striker is moved by the motor can be adjusted or fine-tuned by changing the extent of overlap between the drive link 7 and the driven link 6. The links 6, 7 have overlapping teeth 46, 47 to secure the links in a desired position via the link adjustment screw 5.
The motor 10 is connected to a power supply of the vehicle independently of the rotary latch. Therefore, in case of a power failure, the latch can still be operated in a normal manner to open and close the vehicle door. Thus, a person cannot be locked in or locked out of the vehicle due to a lack of power to the motor, such as a dead battery.
The alternative embodiment shown in
When compared to the embodiments of
The embodiment shown in
Overall System Operational Description
A controller 100 drives a motor assembly 102 that draws (retracts) the door striker 106 into a closed position, and likewise will open (extend) the striker mechanism 106 when the door handle is opened, utilizing magnetically activated reed type micro-switches as controller inputs, to determine position of the latch 104 and the striker 106.
The door latch 104 contains a first magnetically activated switch which provides input to the controller that the latch is in primary position (engaged the striker). The controller 100 will actuate the motor 102 to retract the striker mechanism 106, drawing the door to a closed position. A second magnetically activated switch will detect when the striker/latch mechanism 106/104 has reached the mechanically set closed position. The process for opening the door is similar in operation, except in the opposite direction.
The door cinching assembly provides anti-pinch and a motor reversing feature by monitoring motor supply voltage, current draw and latch/striker state switch status: these parameters will provide the necessary inputs to the controller circuitry, providing the method for automatic motor 102 (latch/striker) reversal if switch detection or motor drive current, exceed system design limits. Exceeding the system design detection limits could result from a mechanical failure or obstruction of the door.
Mechanical System Details
The preferred mechanics of the present invention include:
Examples of a rotary latch for the present invention is described in Applicant's pending application Ser. No. 15/068,221, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
System Modes
Normal/Typical Operation
The following illustrates normal operation of the system.
When a door that is utilizing the disclosed system is closed, the striker 106 is retracted, the motor 102 is off, and after a specified period of time the controller 100 enters a sleep mode during which it draws a low current. A typical specified period of time before the controller 100 enters sleep mode is 8 seconds, but alternative times could be utilized.
When a user opens the door handle, the primary latch opens. A change of state in the latch sensor (as particularly shown in
When the user pushes the door shut, the primary latch 104 closes. A change of state in the latch sensor triggers the motor 102 to be powered to move the striker 106 to the retracted position. When the striker 106 is retracted, the motor 102 stops and after a specified period of time the controller 100 enters into a sleep mode during which it draws low current.
Any and all anomalies of the current, force requirements, or travel profile shall be handled per FMVSS 118 if applicable and any other regulatory requirements. No electrical or software calibration shall be required once the assembly leaves the supplier facility. Electronic controller units and electrical components shall be interchangeable without any mechanical, electrical, or software calibrations.
As
Further in view of
Further in view of
Further in view of
Exception to Normal Operation
The system includes modes of operation other than normal operation. The system includes several safeguards against any potential malfunctions. For example, if the extend or retract commanded motion fails, the system is designed to allow the motor 102 to turn continuously in clockwise or counterclockwise motion without any mechanical interference. If the commanded striker 106 position (extend or retract) is not reached within a certain number of pulses of the motor 102 hall effect sensor, the motor 102 shall stop. If the motor 102 hall effect sensor does not indicate movement after the motor 102 is commanded to move to a position, within a specified period of time, the motor 102 shall be commanded to stop. If the system fails, or there is a power failure, the striker 106 can be mechanically moved to the retracted position, and, therefore, the door will operate as a standard door.
Controller System Requirements
The requirements and system configuration for a preferred embodiment of the present invention are based on the following:
External Inputs to controller: All inputs to the controller shall have reverse input protection.
Two wire motor drive, through control FET devices (non mechanical relay system) 2 spare outputs: Positive TTL levels.
General Electrical/Environmental Specifications:
The motor drive shall be monitored by a semi-conductor device specifically designed to monitor current flow, and preferably, no resistive methods should be utilized.
System Electrical Block Diagram
The mechanical design uses two magnetically activated end of travel (extend and retract) reed type switches and one latch switch. The extend and retract reed switches are contained in the same mechanism and the latch switch is located in the door mounted latch assembly.
Software/Firmware Considerations
Continual Characterization Mode:
Due to variations with individual doors, door seals, fit/installation at point of manufacture and mechanical/material wear over time under normal usage, a Continual Characterization mode is provided to account for the mechanical variations. These variations may have an effect on electrical current draw by the striker motor mechanism and door as it contacts the frame door seal. The “Continual Characterization Mode” will function by storing, motor draw current, motor drive voltage and motor timing, in NVM (non-volatile memory), the most recent 5 door cycles: open/close, (close would be by the cinching latch drawing in normal operation).
The Continual Characterization Mode then will have established a normal operating range, considering material characteristics, mechanical and general wear over time. The Continual Characterization Mode will operate automatically, without the need for operator involvement or any special configuration set-up.
Operational Considerations:
Operational conditions shall provide a safe, reliable and robust system.
For example, there may be instances where the motor needs to reverse (automatically) and one (1) instance where the motor drive mechanism will slow its operation:
A. Position sense:
The latch draw is approximately 25 mm. If a current spike is detected before the normal expected peak the motor will reverse direction of travel to the extended (door open) position.
B. Peak load:
A power characterization can be determined and programmed into the controller.
C. Change in logic throughout transfer operation:
This will be tied to the Position sensor; if the slope of the current increases by X % within Y number of motor revolutions, the motor will reverse.
D. Motor drive circuitry overheating “step back” (internal to controller):
Temperature (thermistor) monitoring of the motor drive circuitry (FET's) shall provide input to micro-controller/firmware indicating an overheating condition. If an overheating condition is detected, the controller will reduce the amount of drive resource to the motor, thereby slowing the mechanical operation, but not stopping completely. The controller will continue in the “step back” mode, until the originating overeating condition is normalized.
Firmware Version
Firmware shall have provisions that the following are configurable and adjustable to allow for integration/configuration to other door configurations platforms: This can be accomplished through a UART-Terminal configuration, or similar. Configurable settings shall be implemented, such that source code changes/re-compiling is not required.
The firmware is configurable to incorporate the following provisions: the retract current detection level for setting the anti-pinch limit will vary with motor position input: the extend current detection level is a hard limit to prevent mechanical damage: source voltage monitoring: motor pulse count for extend: motor pulse count for retract: peak current; and motor drive current.
Drive Current Detection, Motor Speed, and Auto-Reversing
The controller shall monitor drive current continuously during movement operations. If, during the extend drive function the motor drive current reaches a predetermined and configurable limit, then the controller 100 shall command the motor 102 to stop. If, during the retract drive function the drive current or motor speed reaches certain configurable limits based on position, voltage, and ambient temperature, then the controller 100 shall command the motor 102 to reverse direction toward the extended position and stop once the extended position is achieved. This is another representation of the anti-pinch auto-reverse feature. In addition to motor current, the speed (RPM) of the motor 102 can be used to detect a pinch situation. A pinch situation is detected if the speed of the motor 102 reaches a configurable threshold. If the slope of the drive current increases by a particular percentage within a particular number of motor revolutions, then the motor 102 will reverse in direction.
The controller 100 shall use additional motor position and speed (RPM) information, provided by the motor position sense Hall-Effect output, to determine allowable speed reduction limits to differentiate between normal closing speeds, and abnormal closing speeds. An abnormal or quick speed reduction will indicate that an object has obstructed the door's closing path. The force on an object in the door will never exceed 100 Newtons. When the controller 100 determines the speed is abnormal or abrupt the controller 100 will command the motor 102 to reverse and move the striker to the extend position. Several factors that can affect speed reduction limits include: variations in door seal loading, variations in system voltage, variations in ambient temperature, and variations in anti-pinch force limits due to changes in the mechanical advantage associated with the striker movement.
Several conditions can cause the mechanism to reverse the direction of the motor 102 when no obstacle is actually present in the closure path. Extreme cold weather can cause erratic or no operation due to the added resistance in the mechanism caused by grease viscosity in the mechanism. Additionally, the door gaskets can become stiffer and the motor 102 can experience slower speed due to cold ambient temperature. The controller 100 can monitor the ambient temperature to adjust the reverse algorithm so that at lower temperatures the motor will not reverse without an object in the doors closing path.
Motor
An example of a striker motor is: Bosch AHC 12V 0 390 203 045. This motor has position PWM output, which shall be used as an input to the microcontroller circuitry. The output is a PWM duty cycle based on motor armature rotation
Standards and Regulations
The system (mechanical and electrical) shall meet the requirements of customers, such as commercial vehicle manufactures in the agriculture/construction and heavy truck industries.
Both tactile and motor-controlled anti-pinch systems are used today as standard protection systems that avert the danger electric door and window openers present. Should an object (organic or in-organic) interfere or become “trapped” within the opening while the door or window is closing: the anti-pinch systems cause the automatic movement to come to a halt.
The FMVSS 118, CMVSS 118 and 74/60/EEC standards and directives establish the requirements for power operated window, partitions and roof panel systems, their purpose being to prevent injury arising from trapping situations. They give a description of not only how the systems run but the operating requirements, the test pieces, readings and test set up. Should an object get trapped while the automatic closing function is being carried out, a reversal must come about before the trapping force has reached 100 N. This requirement is verified using a semi-rigid cylindrical test rod, from 4 to 200 mm in diameter. This test rod is put through the opening from the inside of the vehicle, normally at a right angle, in such a way that its cylindrical surface contacts all parts of the frame of the opening component.
The present invention also meets these standards:
SAE Documents.
The below listed SAE documents are listed, for reference purposes. 2004-01-1108 Anti-pinch protection for power operated features 2009-01-0637 Anti-pinch direct sensor solutions
The invention has been shown and described above with the preferred embodiments, and it is understood that many modifications, substitutions, and additions may be made which are within the intended spirit and scope of the invention. From the foregoing, it can be seen that the present invention accomplishes at least all of its stated objectives.
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Number | Date | Country | |
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20200392766 A1 | Dec 2020 | US |