MOTOR DRIVE METHOD

Abstract

Problems with accuracy reading position detection signal peaks and minute phase differences in the detection current make motor drive control easily susceptible to differences in motor characteristics. The rotor position is determined based on whether or not a neutral point difference voltage, which is the difference voltage between the neutral point voltage and the pseudo-neutral-point voltage when the motor phases are selectively energized, exceeds a specific threshold value. The phase energized to start the motor is determined based on this determination and the motor is energized accordingly to start. Instead of switching directly from the search step at the initial rotor position to the back-EMF voltage mode, a search and start mode that creates initial rotor speed sufficient to start the motor is executed before entering the back-EMF voltage mode.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A is a circuit block diagram of a first embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 1B is a block diagram showing the current control unit in the first embodiment of the invention.

FIGS. 2A and 2B are waveform diagrams of the neutral point voltage of the search pulse in the first embodiment of the invention.

FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, and 3E are waveform diagrams showing the relationship between the torque constant and the output of the neutral point voltage detection unit in the first embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 4 is a table describing the relationship between the energized detection phase, the rotor position, and the corresponding energized starting phase in the first embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 5 is a chart describing the electrical angle range of the energized detection phase in the first embodiment of the invention.

FIGS. 6A, 6B, 6C, 6D, 6E, 6F, 6G, 6H, and 6I are timing charts of detection pulse and starting pulse application in the first embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 7 is a chart describing the electrical angle range of the energized detection phase for phase 1, phase 2, and phase 3 in the first embodiment of the invention.

FIGS. 8A, 8B, 8C, 8D, and 8E are timing charts of detection pulse and starting pulse application in a first variation of the first embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 9 is a waveform diagram of the neutral point voltage in a second variation of the first embodiment of the invention.

FIGS. 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E, 10F, 10G, and 10H describe current peak control of the detection pulse in the first and second embodiments of the invention.

FIGS. 11A and 11B are waveform diagrams of the detection pulse and starting pulse.

FIG. 12 is a waveform diagram of the neutral point voltage in a second variation of the first embodiment of the invention.

FIGS. 13A, 13B, 13C, 13D, and 13E are timing charts of detection pulse and starting pulse application in the first and second embodiments of the invention.

FIGS. 14A and 14B are circuit diagrams of the back-EMF voltage detection unit in the first embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 15 is a circuit diagram of the neutral point voltage detection unit and back-EMF voltage detection unit in the first embodiment of the invention.

FIGS. 16A, 16B, 16C, and 16D describe timing of the energizing current waveform in the first embodiment of the invention.

FIGS. 17A, 17B, and 17C describe the timing of zero cross detection in the back-EMF voltage mode in the first and second embodiments of the invention.

FIGS. 18A and 18B are waveform diagrams of the induction voltage and back-EMF voltage in the first embodiment of the invention.

FIGS. 19A and 19B are waveform diagrams of the induction voltage and back-EMF voltage in the first embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 20 is a circuit block diagram of a second embodiment of the invention.

FIGS. 21A and 21B are waveform diagrams of the neutral point voltage of the search pulse in the second embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 22 is a waveform diagram showing the relationship between the energized detection phase, the rotor position, and the corresponding energized starting phase in the second embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 23 is a chart describing the electrical angle range of the energized detection phase in the second embodiment of the invention.

FIGS. 24A, 24B, 24C, 24D, and 24E are timing charts of detection pulse and starting pulse application in the second embodiment of the invention.

FIGS. 25A and 25B are circuit diagrams of the neutral point voltage detection unit and back-EMF voltage detection unit in the second embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 26 is a waveform diagram of neutral point voltage measurements in a three-phase brushless motor.

FIGS. 27A, 27B, 27C, 27D, and 27E are timing charts of detection pulse and starting pulse application in a first variation of the second embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 28 is a waveform diagram of the neutral point voltage in a second variation of the second embodiment of the invention.

FIGS. 29A, 29B, 29C, 29D, and 29E are timing charts of detection pulse and starting pulse application in a third variation of the second embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 30 is a flow chart of the detection step in the first embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 31 is a flow chart of the detection step in the first and second embodiments of the invention.

FIG. 32 is a flow chart of the detection step in the first embodiment of the invention.

FIGS. 33A and 33B are flow charts of the subsequent search startup step in the first and second embodiments of the invention.

FIG. 34 is a flow chart of overall operation in the first and second embodiments of the invention.

FIG. 35 is a block diagram of a motor drive device according to the related art.

FIG. 36 describes the relationship between the neutral point voltage and rotor position in the motor drive device according to the related art.

Claims

1. A motor drive method for starting an N-phase motor having N phase (where N is an integer of two or more) motor windings by supplying a search current and a starting current in a search and start mode, and driving the N-phase motor by supplying drive current in a back electromotive force (back-EMF) voltage mode, the motor drive method comprising: generating a search drive signal, a starting drive signal, and a normal drive signal;producing the search current, starting current, and drive current, respectively, based on the search drive signal, the starting drive signal, and the normal drive signal;generating a pseudo-neutral-point voltage representing the average voltage of the N-phase motor terminals;detecting a neutral point difference voltage denoting the difference between the neutral point voltage at a node common to the N-phase motor windings and the pseudo-neutral-point voltage; andoutputting a detection result signal,wherein said drive signal generating controls the starting drive signal based on the search drive signal and the detection result signal in the search and start mode.

2. The motor drive method described in claim 1, further comprising: detecting a back-EMF voltage denoting the difference between the N-phase motor terminal voltage and the neutral point voltage; andgenerating a rotor phase signal,wherein said drive signal generatingcontrols the normal drive signal based on the rotor phase signal in the back-EMF voltage mode;outputs a mode switching signal using at least one signal from a signal group including the search drive signal, the detection result signal, the starting drive signal, and the rotor phase signal; andis switched from the search and start mode to the back-EMF voltage mode based on the mode switching signal.

3. The motor drive method described in claim 2, wherein a back-EMF voltage feedback mode is selected when a predetermined number of forward commutations is detected in the search and start mode.

4. The motor drive method described in claim 2, wherein a back-EMF voltage feedback mode is selected when the rotor speed based on the interval of 60-degree forward commutations in the search and start mode reaches a predetermined level.

5. The motor drive method described in claim 2, wherein the initial energizing profile of the back-EMF voltage mode is controlled based on the interval of 60-degree forward commutations in the search and start mode.

6. The motor drive method described in claim 1, wherein said neutral point difference voltage detecting outputs the detection result signal when the polarity of the difference of the neutral point difference voltage and a predetermined threshold value matches the polarity of the neutral point difference voltage.

7. The motor drive method described in claim 6, wherein the threshold values include at least a positive threshold value and a negative threshold value.

8. The motor drive method described in claim 6, wherein said drive signal generating controls the detection result signal by changing the threshold value.

9. The motor drive method described in claim 1, further comprising: generating a search control signal setting the search current level;detecting the level of the motor current of the N-phase motor;outputting a current detection signal;comparing the search control signal and the current detection signal; andoutputting a comparison result signal,wherein said drive signal generating is controlled according to the comparison result signal.

10. The motor drive method described in claim 9, further comprising: generating a starting control signal setting the level of the starting current,wherein said signal comparing compares the starting control signal and the current detection signal to output the comparison result signal; andsaid drive signal generating is controlled according to the comparison result signal.

11. The motor drive method described in claim 9, further comprising: generating a phase torque control signal that sets the N-phase motor torque,wherein said signal comparing compares the phase torque control signal and the current detection signal to generate the comparison result signal; andsaid drive signal generating is controlled according to the comparison result signal.

12. The motor drive method described in claim 9, wherein said drive signal generating comprises: generating an on pulse with a PWM frequency period; andgenerating a PWM control signal that is pulse-width controlled, is set by an on pulse, and is reset by the comparison result signal;said drive signal generating being controlled by the PWM control signal.

13. The motor drive method described in claim 1, wherein said drive signal generating is controlled in the search and start mode at least once to a search state for outputting the search drive signal and at least once to a start state for outputting the starting drive signal, and is controlled to at least one logic state in both the search state and the starting state.

14. The motor drive method described in claim 13, wherein said drive signal generating controls the search drive signal and the starting drive signal in the search and start mode to repeatedly alternate between the search state and the starting state.

15. The motor drive method described in claim 13, wherein said drive signal generating controls the search drive signal and the starting drive signal in the search and start mode to enable a first search state first, enable a first starting state next, and thereafter enable only the starting state.

16. The motor drive method described in claim 13, wherein said drive signal generating controls the search drive signal so that the first logic state in the search state equals the last logic state in the previous search state.

17. The motor drive method described in claim 13, wherein said drive signal generating controls the starting control signal so that the first logic state in the starting state equals the last logic state in the previous starting state.

18. The motor drive method described in claim 1, wherein said drive signal generating outputs N-phase high potential search drive signals for controlling N high potential switching devices, and outputs N-phase low potential search drive signals for controlling N low potential switching devices.

19. The motor drive method described in claim 18, wherein said drive signal generating controls the logic level of the search drive signal to include four consecutive logic states in the search state.

20. The motor drive method described in claim 19, wherein when N is three and the search drive signal has four consecutive logic states, said drive signal generating: sets the high potential side search drive signal for the first phase in a first combination of two of the three phases and the low potential side search drive signal for the second phase in the first combination to an operating state level in the first logic state,sets the high potential side search drive signal for the second phase in the first combination and the low potential side search drive signal for the first phase in the first combination to an operating state level in the second logic state,sets the high potential side search drive signal for the first phase in a second combination of two of the three phases that is different from the first combination and the low potential side search drive signal for the second phase in the second combination to an operating state level in the third logic state, andsets the high potential side search drive signal for the second phase in the second combination and the low potential side search drive signal for the first phase in the second combination to an operating state level in the fourth logic state.

21. The motor drive method described in claim 19, wherein when N is three and the search drive signal has four consecutive logic states, said drive signal generating: sets the high potential side search drive signal for the first phase in a first combination of two of the three phases and the low potential side search drive signal for the second phase in the first combination to an operating state level in the first logic state,sets the high potential side search drive signal for the first phase in a second combination of two of the three phases that is different from the first combination and the low potential side search drive signal for the second phase in the second combination to an operating state level in the second logic state,sets the high potential side search drive signal for the second phase in the first combination and the low potential side search drive signal for the first phase in the first combination to an operating state level in the third logic state, andsets the high potential side search drive signal for the second phase in the second combination and the low potential side search drive signal for the first phase in the second combination to an operating state level in the fourth logic state.

22. The motor drive method described in claim 19, wherein when N is three and the search drive signal has four consecutive logic states, said drive signal generating: sets the high potential side search drive signal for the first phase in a first combination of two of the three phases and the low potential side search drive signal for the second phase in the first combination to an operating state level in the first logic state,sets the high potential side search drive signal for the first phase in a second combination of two of the three phases that is different from the first combination and the low potential side search drive signal for the second phase in the second combination to an operating state level in the second logic state,sets the high potential side search drive signal for the second phase in the second combination and the low potential side search drive signal for the first phase in the second combination to an operating state level in the third logic state, andsets the high potential side search drive signal for the second phase in the first combination and the low potential side search drive signal for the first phase in the first combination to an operating state level in the fourth logic state.

23. The motor drive method described in claim 18, wherein said drive signal generating controls the logic level of the search drive signal to include six consecutive logic states in the search state.

24. The motor drive method described in claim 23, wherein when the search drive signal has six consecutive logic states, said drive signal generating: sets the high potential side search drive signal for the first phase and the low potential side search drive signal for the second phase to the operating state level in the first logic state,sets the high potential side search drive signal for the first phase and the low potential side search drive signal for the third phase to the operating state level in the second logic state,sets the high potential side search drive signal for the second phase and the low potential side search drive signal for the third phase to the operating state level in the third logic state,sets the high potential side search drive signal for the second phase and the low potential side search drive signal for the first phase to the operating state level in the fourth logic state,sets the high potential side search drive signal for the third phase and the low potential side search drive signal for the first phase to the operating state level in the fifth logic state, andsets the high potential side search drive signal for the third phase and the low potential side search drive signal for the second phase to the operating state level in the sixth logic state.

25. The motor drive method described in claim 18, wherein when N equals three, said drive signal generating sets the search drive signals in a combination of high potential side search drive signals for two phases and the low potential side search drive signal for one phase, or the search drive signals in a combination of one high potential side search drive signal and two low potential side search drive signals, to the operating state level.

26. The motor drive method described in claim 25, wherein when the search drive signal has six consecutive logic states, said drive signal generating: sets the high potential side search drive signal for the first phase, the high potential side search drive signal for the third phase, and the low potential side search drive signal for the second phase to the operating state level in the first logic state,sets the high potential side search drive signal for the first phase, the low potential side search drive signal for the second phase, and the low potential side search drive signal for the third phase to the operating state level in the second logic state,sets the high potential side search drive signal for the second phase, the high potential side search drive signal for the second phase, and the low potential side search drive signal for the third phase to the operating state level in the third logic state,sets the high potential side search drive signal for the second phase, the low potential side search drive signal for the first phase, and the low potential side search drive signal for the third phase to the operating state level in the fourth logic state,sets the high potential side search drive signal for the second phase, the high potential side search drive signal for the third phase, and the low potential side search drive signal for the first phase to the operating state level in the fifth logic state, andsets the high potential side search drive signal for the third phase, the low potential side search drive signal for the first phase, and the low potential side search drive signal for the second phase to the operating state level in the sixth logic state.

27. The motor drive method described in claim 1, wherein the first search pulse applied in the second search pulse applying is equal to the search pulse where the rotor position was detectable in the first search pulse applying.

28. The motor drive method described in claim 27, wherein when the rotor position cannot be detected using the first search pulse in the second and later search pulse applying, the second search pulse is a search pulse enabling detecting the rotor at a position advanced 60 electrical degrees from the rotor position detected in the previous search pulse applying.

29. The motor drive method described in claim 1, wherein the rotor position can be determined by comparing a response signal to the rotor position search pulse with a specific threshold value.

30. The motor drive method described in claim 29, wherein a specific threshold value is supplied to derive the comparison output.

31. The motor drive method described in claim 30, wherein when the rotor position is not detected even after completing a specific rotor position search pulse applying, the absolute value of the threshold value is reduced and updated and the specific rotor position search pulse applying is repeated.

32. The motor drive method described in claim 31, wherein the updated threshold value is stored.

33. The motor drive method described in claim 30, wherein when the rotor position is not detected even after completing a specific rotor position search pulse applying, the rotor is assumed positioned at a dead point, a kick pulse is applied a specific number of times to move the rotor from the dead point, and the specific rotor position search pulse applying is then repeated.

34. The motor drive method described in claim 33, wherein the kick pulses applied a specific number of times are two different pulses with a substantially 90-degree phase difference, or are two or three different pulses with a substantially 60-degree or 120-degree phase difference.

35. The motor drive method described in claim 1, wherein the rotor position is determined from a response signal output while current is rising when the rotor position search pulse is applied, or from a response signal output while current is falling when the rotor position search pulse is applied, or from both said response signals.

36. A disk drive system that uses the motor drive method described in claim 1.

37. The motor drive method described in claim 1, wherein the result of comparing response signals to the neutral point difference voltage when the rotor position search pulse current reaches a predetermined level.